Topic 07 文学故事-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练（话题解读+文化拓展+文化拓展）

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 7 文学故事
话题解读
文化
早知道
中国的文学故事丰富多彩，按照题材和内容分类，可以分为：富有想象力的传说故事，寓意深刻的寓言故事，叙述历史事件或人物的历史故事，反映人民生活和风俗的民间故事，以及神秘、离奇的神话故事等。这些故事不仅具有文学价值，还蕴含了丰富的文化内涵和道德寓意，能对人们的思想和行为产生积极影响。
考情
早知道
中考真题常会选择一些能体现中华传统美德、激励学生努力学习的历史故事，以及一些能体现中国古人智慧的文学故事作为考查内容。
对于文学故事的考查在各个题型中均有涉及，以短文填空和阅读理解两种题型为主。例如，2024年黑龙江牡丹江中考的阅读理解讲述了孟母三迁的故事，2023年江西中考的短文填空讲述了晏子使楚的故事。
Passage 1
完形填空
(周处除三害)
There was a man named Zhou Chu. He was born about 1,700 years ago. He was tall 1 strong. However, he had a bad temper(脾气)．He had lots of bad 2 .Everyone was afraid of him. They tried not to talk to him.
Slowly he started to feel 3 .
One day, Zhou Chu saw some men talking in the street. He went up and asked,“ Hey! Why are you looking so 4 ?”
One man replied,“ We are worrying about the three evils(祸害)＇around.”
“Oh! Tell me and I'll 5 them!"Zhou Chu waved his arms to show his strength(力量)．
“Well,” said another man,“ first, there is a tiger in the South Mountain. It often takes away our animals and even 6 people. Then there is a flood dragon 7 the river. It often makes big waves (浪)，breaking our 8 and killing many people."
＂So, what's the third one?"
The men looked at each other, but 9 spoke.
“What is the third evil?"Zhou Chu 10 angrily.
One man said,“ It's you!”
“Me?”Zhou Chu was very surprised.
The man said," You are 11 doing bad things! Are you different from the tiger or the flood dragon?”
Zhou Chu's 12 was burning with shame(羞愧)．He said to himself, “I must stop acting like this. I'll get rid of(除掉)all the three 13 !”
The next day, Zhou Chu found the big tiger and killed it. Then he went for the flood dragon. They 14 in the river for three days. Finally, he killed it.
From then on, Zhou Chu got 15 changed. With hard work, he became a famous man and was loved by people.
1 A. so
B. and
C. but
D. if
2 A. dreams
B. skills
C. habits
D. interests
3 A. afraid
B. lonely
C. amazed
D. excited
4 A. lazy
B. tired
C. angry
D. worried
5 A. beat
B. help
C. teach
D. hate
6 A. saves
B. hurts
C. provides
D. pushes
7 A. on
B. in
C. for
D. of
8 A. doors
B. windows
C. boats
D. tables
9 A. nobody
B. somebody
C. something
D. nothing
10 A. shouted
B. agreed
C. thought
D. stopped
11 A. never
B. sometimes
C. hardly
D. always
12 A. mouth
B. head
C. nose
D. face
13 A. farmers
B. evils
C. tigers
D. dragons
14 A. talked
B. fought
C. waited
D. played
15 A. loudly
B. happily
C. heavily
D. completely
文化拓展
“周处除三害”的周处
“周处除三害”是历史上一个很有名的典故，出自《晋书·周处传》和《世说新语》。
那么，这位周处又是何许人也呢？周处出生于公元236年左右，字子隐，是义兴郡阳美县(今江苏省宜兴市)人。《晋书·周处传》说：“处少孤，未弱冠，膂力绝人，好驰骋田猎，不修细行，纵情肆欲，州曲患之。”
“不修细行”的大致意思是不拘小节，经常调皮捣蛋、惹是生非。而“州曲患之”中的“州曲”来源于东吴的“世袭领兵制”，各级将领麾下部队就成为其“部曲”。“部曲”中德高望重的长辈告诉他，大家不开心是因为：“南山白额猛兽，长桥下蛟，并子为三矣”。周处得知后，说：“若此为患，吾能除之。”随后，他便入山射杀猛兽，投水搏蛟。就在大家发现周处“搏蛟”三日未归，误以为他已经死了，开始“皆相庆贺”时，这个“屠龙少年”却杀蛟归来。但看到大家为了他的“死亡”而盛宴、狂欢后，“州曲患之”的少年周处在那一刻可能真的“死”掉了。但其实，周处从决定上山射虎、下水杀蛟时，是不是就已经萌生了自我救赎的想法呢？
语篇解读
周处本和山上的老虎、水中的蛟龙一起被人们称为“三害”。但是后来他洗心革面，上山射虎，下水杀蛟，最终铲除了让人们烦恼的“三害”。
答案详析
1.B他（周处）又高又壮。空前后为并列关系，故选and.
2.C 根据空前一句“However, he had a bad temper.”可知，周处脾气不好。由此可推知，此处指他有许多坏习惯。habit“习惯”，符合语境。
3.B 根据第一段最后两句可知，每个人都怕他，尽量不和他讲话。由此可推知，他开始感觉孤独。lonely“孤独的”，符合语境。
4.D 根据第四段中男人说的话“We are worrying about the 'three evils' around.”可知，他们正担心附近的“三害”。由此可推知，他们看起来忧心忡忡。
5.A 根据空后的“Zhou Chu waved his arms to show his strength.”可知，周处向他们展示了自己的力量，说明他认为自己有能力打败那“三害”。beat“打败”，符合语境。
6.B 根据空前的there is a tiger和“It often takes away our animals”可知，南山的老虎是“三害”之一，它经常抢走人们的家畜。由此可推知，它甚至会伤害人类。hurt“伤害”，符合语境。
7.B 根据空后一句中的“It often makes big waves”可知，蛟龙经常掀起巨浪。由此可推知，它应该在河里。
8.C 根据空前内容可知，蛟龙经常在水里兴风作浪。由此可推知，它破坏了人们的船，害死了许多人。
9.A 根据上文可知，周处询问人们第三“害”是什么，他们互相看着；再结合空前的连词but和下文中周处再一次询问了相同的问题可知，此处指没有人说话。
10.A 根据上文可知，周处脾气不好；再根据空后的angrily可推知，因为没有人回答他的问题，所以他生气地再次大声问了一遍。shout“大声说；大喊”，符合语境。
11.D 根据空后一句“Are you different from the tiger or the flood dragon?”可知，这个男人认为周处和老虎、蛟龙没有区别，故推知此处指周处总是做坏事。
12.D 根据上文内容可知，周处想除掉“三害”，结果得知自己是第三“害”，因此他因羞愧而脸红。
13.B 根据上文可知，“三害”指的是南山的老虎、河中的蛟龙还有周处；再根据空前一句“I must stop acting like this.”可知，周处决定再也不做坏事了；结合下一段提到的周处杀了老虎和蛟龙可知，此处指他要除掉这“三害”。
14.B 根据空前内容可知，周处先是杀了老虎，又去了蛟龙那里；再根据下一句可知，周处最终也除掉了蛟龙。由此可推知，他跟蛟龙应该是在河里战斗了三天。
15.D 根据空后一句“With hard work ,he became a famous man and was loved by people."可知，通过努力，他成了名人并受到了人们的喜爱。由此可推知，周处完全变了。completely“完全地”，符合语境。
Passage 2
阅读理解
(揠苗助长)
Once upon a time, there was a young farmer who wanted to plant a field of corn. After he planted seeds(种子)in the field, every day he went to the field to watch them grow. He hoped the plants would grow fast because he wanted to have a great harvest(丰收)soon. But one month later, he only saw the young shoots(嫩芽)break through the earth. And after that, they grew a little taller each day. He thought they were growing too slowly and began to be anxious about the young plants.
His neighbors knew his trouble and told him the plants would grow according to their growth rules. But the young farmer didn't think so.
Then one morning he came up with a fantastic idea-one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch(英寸)。He did the work from half past seven in the morning till eight at night without rest, feeling tired but happy.
The next early morning, the young farmer couldn't wait to check his great work, but when he saw the plants, he cried his heart out.
1 The underlined word “anxious” means“_________ ”in the story.
A. excited
B. worried
C. satisfied
D. tired
2 How long did the young farmer pull up his young plants according to the story?
A. For seven hours.
B. For eight and a half hours.
C. For ten hours.
D. For twelve and a half hours.
3 Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The farmer pulled up the young plants to make them grow faster.
B. The farmer felt tired but happy after pulling up the young plants.
C. The farmer's neighbors advised him to pull up the young plants.
D. The farmer's neighbors believed plants have their own growth rules.
4 What made the young farmer cry in the end?
A. His plants grew very well.
B. All his plants died in the field.
C. Someone took all his plants away.
D. His plants didn't change at all.
5 Which example shows the same meaning as what the story tells us?
A. Mary's parents make Mary take many after-school classes in her free time.
B. Mary always does math homework with her friends after school.
C. Mary often imagines herself as a singer while listening to music.
D. Mary's parents believe Mary can play chess best in the world.
文化拓展
家庭教育应避免“揠苗助长”和“分数为王”
爱玩是孩子的天性，童年正是人生最美好的时光。孩子只有玩得好，休息得好才能学得好。家长的功利思想会扼杀孩子的天性。不少家长把当前的社会竞争压力不自觉地强加给孩子，对儿童过早寄予升学或就业的期望值，导致幼教成人化。如此“过度开发”的初衷是怕孩子“输在起跑线上”，殊不知，这种“特别的爱给了特别的你”不仅会增加孩子的心理压力，同时也束缚了孩子的独立个性和想象能力。
世界上任何事物都有其自身的发展规律，孩子的成长也不例外。大脑的发育自有规律，揠苗助长违背人类天性。真正的学习能力，远比知识总量更重要。社会之所以能贩卖知识焦虑，让家长争先恐后地跳进超前教育的陷阱，其实是成功地利用了大多数家长对学习的误解：他们误以为“学习＝知识总量”。但放在人的一生中，这个公式其实是不成立的。
语篇解读
本文讲述了“揠苗助长”的故事：一个农夫为了让庄稼长得更快，用手将它们拔高，结果反而使庄稼枯死。
答案详析
1.B 词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句可知，年轻农夫希望庄稼快些长，因为他想要尽快获得丰收；根据画线词所在句中的“He thought they were growing too slowly”可知，他觉得庄稼长得太慢了。由此可推测，他开始为这些幼苗担忧。anxious“担忧的；焦虑的”，和worried意义相近。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He did the work from half past seven in the morning till eight at night"可知，他从早上七点半忙到晚上八点，也就是说，他工作了十二个半小时。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，他的邻居告诉他植物生长是遵循生长规律的，但农夫不以为意；再根据第三段第一句“Then one morning he came up with a fantastic idea...an inch.”可知，拔高幼苗的主意是农夫自己想出来的，并不是邻居的建议。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，农夫花了很长时间把幼苗拔高了半英寸；结合常识以及第二天他看到庄稼后痛哭流涕的表现可推知，他的庄稼应该都死掉了。
5.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了“揠苗助长”的故事：年轻的农夫不顾植物的生长规律，急于求成，把幼苗拔高，反而导致了更坏的结果。由此可推知，我们要遵循自然规律，不能急于求成。A项中Mary的父母让Mary在课余时间上很多补习班，这种做法没有遵循孩子成长的自然规律，和“揠苗助长”背后的意义相同。
Passage 3
阅读理解
(“知音”一词的由来)
The word “zhiyin”，which means close friends, comes from the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in the Warring States Period(战国时期)。
Boya was good at playing the guqin. One day, he was playing music. To Boya's surprise, Ziqi, a woodcutter who happened to pass by, could understand exactly what he wanted to express(表达)through his music. After a long talk, they became good friends. Since Boya had to return to his state, they agreed to meet again in the following year.
Unfortunately, when getting back to visit Ziqi, Boya heard that his friend had died from a disease. Boya was so sad and in front of Ziqi's tomb(墓)， he played again the music he had played when they first met. The feeling of the music was so strong that it was as if the rivers and the mountains were crying. When finishing playing, Boya broke his guqin into pieces. From then on, Boya never played again.
People in the Song Dynasty built the Guqin Tai in Hanyang to remember the deep friendship between Boya and Ziqi. It became an important part of the local culture.
Zhiyin culture has new development in the new period. The famous ancient Chinese classical music piece Gaoshan Liushui was performed during French President Macron's visit to China in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. The musical performance not only showed the beauty of traditional Chinese culture, but also expressed China's willingness to develop its friendship with people from around the world.
1 How did Boya feel when he found Ziqi could understand his music?
A. Angry.
B. Worried.
C. Surprised.
D. Shy.
2 What's the correct order of the following events?
a. Boya met Ziqi.
b. Ziqi died from a disease.
c. Boya returned to his state.
d. Boya no longer played the guqin.
A. a-b-c-d
B. a-c-b-d
C. c-a-b-d
D. c-a-d-b
3 Paragraph 5 is mainly about
A. the new role of zhiyin culture
B. the importance of classical music
C. the popularity of Gaoshan Liushui
D. the friendship with foreign countries
4 What can we learn from the story?
A. Both together do best of all.
B.A true friend is hard to find.
C. Old friends and old wine are best.
D.A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.
文化拓展
高山流水遇知音
传说先秦的琴师伯牙一次在荒山野地弹琴，樵夫钟子期竟能领会这是描绘“峨峨兮若泰山”和“洋洋兮若江河”。伯牙惊道：“善哉，子之心而与吾心同。”钟子期死后，伯牙痛失知音，摔琴绝弦，终身不弹，故有《高山流水》之曲。在中国人的语言里，“高山流水”，既寓意为“乐曲高妙、琴艺精湛”，亦寓意为“知音难觅、相知可贵”。知己的情深义重最是难能可贵，就如同这个感人的故事，虽穿越千年，至今仍让人为之动容。鲁迅先生也曾感慨道：“人生得一知己足矣，斯世当以同怀视之。”
子期、伯牙“高山流水遇知音”的历史典故是中国古代文化史上的一段佳话，对后世乐论、画论、文论等都产生了深远影响。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了“知音”这个词的由来以及“知音”文化在新时代的发展。
答案详析
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，樵夫子期能听懂他的音乐所传达的情感，伯牙感到意外。
2.B 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，伯牙先跟子期相遇，两人成为好朋友。然后伯牙回到了自己的国家；一年后伯牙去拜访子期时，发现子期已经去世了；最后伯牙在子期的墓前弹奏后把古琴摔了，从此再也没有弹过琴。由此可知，B项正确。
3.A 段落大意题。通读第五段可知，知音文化在新时期有了新的发展；中国古典名曲《高山流水》在法国总统马克龙访华期间被演奏，这场音乐表演不仅展示了中国传统文化之美，也表达了中国与世界各国人民发展友谊的美好愿望。由此可知，第五段主要讲述了知音文化在新时代的新作用。
4.B 推理判断题。根据前三段的内容可知，伯牙弹琴时遇到了子期，两人成为知音，结果一年后伯牙去拜访子期时，发现子期已经去世了，伯牙在子期墓前奏完最后一曲，便把古琴摔碎，并再也不弹琴了。这个故事告诉我们：知音难觅，挚友难寻。故B项符合题意。
Passage 4
阅读理解
(曹冲称象)
One day, Cao Cao got an elephant as a gift from another country. Before that, no one in his country had ever seen one.
People were very glad to see this big animal. Everyone was curious(好奇的) about it and had a question: How much did it weigh? Then came the problem: How to weigh it? At that time, no scales(秤)could weigh such a big animal. All of the ministers(大臣)had no idea how to do it.
At that moment, Cao Cao's six-ear-old son Cao Chong said,“ Father,I know how to weigh it.” At first, nobody believed the boy. But after he told the ministers his idea, they all thought it was a good one.
＂Here's what you should do. Follow me," the boy said to the ministers."Let the elephant stand in a big boat on the water. Draw a line on the side of the boat to mark the water level. Then lead the elephant back. Later, put a lot of big stones on the boat until the boat sinks(下沉)to the same water level. Take the stones out of the boat and weigh them one by one. Finally, add up the weight of each stone. Now you know how much the elephant weighs.”
“Wonderful! Wonderful!"shouted the ministers.
1 Who got an elephant as a gift?
A. Cao Chong.
B.A minister.
C. Cao Cao.
D. Cao Cao's father.
2 Why couldn't the ministers weigh the elephant at first?
A. Because the scales were not big enough.
B. Because they were not strong enough.
C. Because the elephant was hard to control.
D. Because they were afraid of the elephant.
3 What does the underlined word “it" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The elephant.
B. The scale.
C. Cao Chong's idea.
D. The minister's advice.
4 Which is the right order of weighing the elephant?
① Let the elephant stand in a big boat on the water.
② Take the stones out of the boat and weigh the stones.
③ Mark the water level and lead the elephant off the boat.
④ Put stones on the boat until the boat sinks to the same level.
A.①④③②
B.①③④②
C.④①③②
D.④②①③
5What is Cao Chong like according to the passage?
A. Brave.
B. Careful.
C. Smart.
D. Honest.
文化拓展
神童曹冲
曹冲，字仓舒，曹操和环夫人之子。曹冲从小聪明仁爱，与众不同，深受曹操喜爱。曹操几次对群臣夸耀他，有让他继嗣之意。最广为人知的事例便是“曹冲称象”。
实际上，曹冲称象的原理是“等效替代法”。用许多石头代替大象，在船舷上刻画记号，让大象与石头产生等量的效果，再一次一次称出石头的重量，使“大”转化为“小”，分而治之，这一难题就得到圆满解决。
除此之外，曹冲还有一个聪明事例，是让山鸡跳舞。有一次，南方有人送给曹操一只山鸡，曹操很想让这只山鸡跳舞，但山鸡不给面子。曹冲命人搬来一面大镜子放到山鸡面前，山鸡看到镜子中自己那美妙婀娜的身姿，果然跳起舞来。
曹冲不仅聪明过人，而且仁慈宽厚，经常利用他的智慧和地位来帮助他人。然而，曹冲英年早逝，令人惋惜。
语篇解读
本文主要叙述了“曹冲称象”的起因、经过和结果，赞扬了曹冲的聪明才智。
答案详析
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第一句“One day, Cao Cao got an elephant as a gift from another country.”可知，曹操得到了一头大象作为礼物。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that time, no scales could weigh such a big animal.”可知，在那个时候，没有秤可以称体格如此庞大的动物。由此可知，一开始不能给大象称重是因为没有足够大的秤。
3.C 代词指代题。根据画线词前的“But after he told ministers his idea”可知，曹冲给大臣们讲了自己的想法；再结合画线词后的was a good one可知，此处指大臣们都认为曹冲的想法很好，故it指代的是曹冲的想法。
4.B 细节理解题。通读倒数第二段可知，曹冲的想法是：先让大象站在水面的大船上；在船舷上画线标记水位，然后把大象引下船；之后往船上放很多石头，直到船下沉到相同的水位；再把石头从船上拿出来，一块一块地称；最后将石头的重量相加，就可以知道大象有多重了。故正确的顺序是①③④②.
5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，曹冲用机智的办法解决了“称象”的问题，获得了大臣们的一致认可。由此可推知，曹冲是个聪明的孩子。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
(杯弓蛇影)
In the Jin Dynasty, a man named Yue Guang made many friends. He often asked his friends to drink wine.
One day Yue Guang invited a friend to drink together in the hall of his house. As they were drinking, the friend found a small snake swimming in his cup. Though he felt uncomfortable, he drank up the wine. After returning home, the friend always thought of the snake and finally got ill in bed.
A few days later, Yue Guang heard about his friend's illness and the reason. He thought it couldn't be a snake in the wine cup, ▲ .He found there was a bow(弓)on the wall of the hall, and it happened to throw a shadow just right at his friend's wine cup. Yue Guang ran to his friend's house and told him about this. As soon as the friend knew it was not a snake but the reflection(映像)of a bow, he felt nothing terrible at once.
Now, we use the idiom(成语)“mistaking the reflection of a bow in the cup for a snake” to tell
the story. It tells us not to be suspicious(多疑的)，and never scare ourselves by imagination.
根据短文内容，回答问题。
1 Where did Yue Guang invite a friend to drink?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 What did Yue Guang's friend find in the cup while drinking?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 What should be filled in the“ ▲ ”in Paragraph 3?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4 What happened to the friend after he heard Yue Guang's words?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5 What can we learn from the story?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
文化拓展
杯弓蛇影：客观现实与心理现实
自我暗示的力量有多大？也许我们看到的现实其实是内心的折射，折射出来的未必是真的，但却可能深刻影响我们的判断和行动。
中国人都熟知的杯弓蛇影这个故事，故事中乐广的朋友在乐广家喝酒时，误把墙上挂弓倒映在酒杯里的影子看作蛇，虽然当时勉强自己喝下了酒，但是回到家后却寝食不安以至于得病－用心理学术语说就是得了伴抑郁倾向的焦虑症。乐广知道后在家中找到了原因，并告诉他酒杯中所谓的“蛇”其实是墙上挂弓的倒影，他的疑团得以解开，病也不治自愈。
中国人常用杯弓蛇影这个词比喻一个人因多疑而自己吓自己。我们在日常生活中，无时无刻不在接收着来自外界的各种人物、事物、事件、场景的暗示，以及来自自身的各种反应与感受的暗示。
语篇解读
“杯弓蛇影”的故事讲述了一个人在饮酒时，酒杯中映入了弓的影子，这个人误以为是蛇，因而感到恐惧。这个故事反映了人们常常因为主观想象而产生不必要的恐慌和误解，提醒我们要理性对待事物。
答案详析
1.In the hall of his house. 根据第二段第一句“One day Yue Guang invited a friend to drink together in the hall of his house.”可知，乐广邀请朋友到他家的大殿一起喝酒。
2.He found a small snake swimming in his cup.根据第二段中的“As they were drinking ,the friend found a small snake swimming in his cup.”可知，在他们喝酒的时候，朋友发现自己的酒杯里有一条小蛇在游动。
3.so he went to the hall to find out the truth 空前提到乐广认为酒杯里不可能有蛇，空后提到乐广发现酒杯里确实不是蛇而是墙上的弓的影子。由此可推知，乐广去了他家大殿查找真相。（答案不唯一，合理即可）
4.He felt nothing terrible at once, 根据第三段中的“Yue Guang ran to his friend's house and told...he felt nothing terrible at once.”可知，乐广告诉了朋友“蛇”的真相，朋友立刻不害怕了。
5.Don't be suspicious and never scare ourselves by imagination.根据最后一段最后一句“It tells us not to be suspicious, and never scare ourselves by imagination.”可知，“杯弓蛇影”的故事告诉我们，不要多疑，永远不要用想象力吓唬自己。
Passage 6
短文填空
(闻鸡起舞)
阅读短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中每词限用一次。
but sleep little at get they idea hear never study
Zu Ti was a famous man in ancient China. He was known for his hard work and great achievements. 1 when he was a child, he was very naughty. He didn't like study and showed 2 interest in reading. As he grew up, Zu Ti realized he didn't have the ability(能力)to serve the country well, so he decided 3 hard.
Zu Ti had a good friend called Liu Kun. They not only often slept on one bed at night but also got up 4 the same time in the morning. One day, when they were still sleeping, Zu Ti 5 the rooster crowing(打鸣)．A(n) 6 came to him. He woke up Liu Kun and said,“ How about 7 up to play swords(剑)now?”Though Liu Kun was 8 ,he agreed with Zu Ti. From then on, they would get out of bed and practice swords as soon as the rooster began crowing. They 9 gave up no matter how cold it was in winter or how hot in summer. At last, they became talents and tried 10 best to help the country. This is the story of Chinese idiom To Rise with the Rooster.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
祖逖与刘琨：一段深厚的友谊
在中国历史上，有许多关于英雄人物的传说和故事。其中，“闻鸡起舞”讲述了东晋时期两位爱国志士祖逖和刘琨的故事。
祖逖以其卓越的军事才能和坚定的民族气节被后人所称颂。他在北伐战争中屡建奇功，一心想要收复失地，恢复中华。而刘琨同样是一位有着高尚情操和杰出才能的将领，他在维护国家统一和民族利益上作出了巨大的贡献。两人在抗击外侮、恢复中华的伟大事业中，肩并肩、心连心，共同书写了不平凡的历史篇章。
当祖逖因战略需要被迫撤离时，是刘琨不顾个人安危，毅然决然地选择留守，以掩护祖逖安全撤退。他们用生命和热血证明了，真挚的友情能够超越生死，抵御时间的侵蚀，成为人类情感世界中最为珍贵的存在。
语篇解读
本文讲述了“闻鸡起舞”的由来。祖逖小时候不爱读书，当他长大后，他意识到自己没有能力报效国家，于是便发奋学习。为了报效国家，祖逖和好友刘琨在半夜一听到鸡鸣，就披衣起床，拔剑练武，刻苦锻炼···
答案详析
1.But 空后的“小时候他很顽皮”与空前的“祖逖以他的勤奋和成就而闻名”之间构成转折关系，故填But.所填词位于句首，注意首字母大写。
2.little 根据空前的He didn't like study可知，祖逖不喜欢学习。由此可推知，他对读书不怎么感兴趣。little
“少到几乎没有的”，符合语境。
3.to study 根据空前的“Zu Ti realized he didn't have the ability to serve the country well”可知，祖逖长大后，他意识到自己没有能力报效国家。再结合空前的so可知，此处指所以他决定努力学习。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，为固定用法，故填to study.
4.at 他们不仅经常晚上睡在一张床上，而且早上还同时起床。at the same time“同时”，为固定短语，故填at.
5.heard 根据空后的the rooster crowing可知，此处指祖逖听到了鸡鸣。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少谓语动词，且此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填heard.
6.idea 根据下一句中的“He woke up Liu Kun and said”可知，祖逖听到鸡鸣后，叫醒了刘琨并提出建议，故此处指他有了一个想法。idea作“想法；主意”讲时为可数名词，且空前有不定冠词修饰，故填idea.
7.getting 根据8空后的“he agreed with Zu Ti”和＂From then on, they would get out of bed...the rooster began crowing.”可知，刘琨同意了祖逖的提议，从那以后，他们每天都在鸡鸣时起床练剑。由此可知，此处祖逖在向刘琨提议起床练剑。how about doing sth.意为“做某事怎么样”，为固定用法，故填getting.
8.sleepy 根据上文可知，鸡鸣时祖逖叫醒刘琨并提出建议；结合常识和备选词可知，此处指虽然刘琨很困，但他同意了祖逖的提议。所填词作表语，空处应填形容词，故填sleep的形容词形式sleepy.
9.never 根据语境并结合备选词可知，此处指无论严寒酷暑，他们从未放弃过。never“从未；从不”，符合语境。
10.their 此处指最后，他们终于成为人才，为国家尽心尽力。try one's best to do sth.“尽某人最大努力做某事”，为固定用法；句子主语为they,故填they的形容词性物主代词their.
Passage 7
书面表达
(讲述“三个和尚挑水喝”的故事)
假如你是李华，你的澳大利亚笔友Mike这段时间看完《西游记》后对中国传统故事很感兴趣，他发来邮件想请你给他讲一个中国传统故事。请你用英语给Mike回一封邮件，给他简要讲述《三个和尚》的故事－一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝，之后庙宇失火，他们齐心协力扑灭了火；谈谈这个故事给我们的启示。
要求：
1.词数80~120;
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.文中不得出现真实的校名、姓名等信息；
4.文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：和尚monk;寺庙temple;扁担shoulder pole;水缸water vat;水桶bucket
Dear Mike,
I'm so glad that you're interested in traditional Chinese stories.______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
参考范文:
Dear Mike,
I'm so glad that you're interested in traditional Chinese stories. I am going to tell you a story-The Three Monks.
Once upon a time, a little monk lived in a temple on top of a mountain. He carried two buckets of water with a shoulder pole every day. Later, there came a thin monk. Neither of them was willing to draw water alone, so they did it together. Then a fat monk came, but none of them wanted to draw water. So they had no water to drink.
One night, the temple caught fire. They all ran down to draw water and put out the fire in the end. From then on, they helped each other.
The story teaches us that it's important to work with each other.
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly,
Li Hua