北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期4月月考 英语试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期4月月考 英语试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-09 15:45:16 | ||
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北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期4月月考英语试题
一、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
Last summer, on her way to work in Minneapolis, Katie Steller stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She 1 down her window, shouting, “Do you want a 2 haircut right now ”
Getting a yes, she pulled off the road, took a red chair from her car, and helped the man cut his hair. After Steller was 3 , the man looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he laughed.
To date, Steller has given such haircuts to people all living on the margins (边缘) around the city, and she is keenly aware of the 4 of her cleanup job.
A haircut changed Steller’s life: As a teen, with a severe disease, her hair got thinned. So, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut, where she felt 5 when talked to like a person. After that, Steller knew how to help people feel the way she’d felt that day. “I want it to be a gateway, to show 6 , but also to get to know people.”
In 2009, she began Red Chair Project, 7 out to people on the streets. What breaks Steller’s heart is just how lonely people look, so she listens to their stories of loss and struggle to get back on their feet. The attention 8 works.
And it all began with a 9 in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” says Steller, “I can’t fix people’s problems, but maybe I can help them feel less 10 for a moment. ”
1．A．pulled B．turned C．rolled D．knocked
2．A．quick B．free C．unique D．fancy
3．A．done B．gone C．spotted D．left
4．A．risk B．power C．reward D．function
5．A．left behind B．calmed down C．taken away D．cared about
6．A．faith B．trust C．respect D．interest
7．A．sending B．speaking C．pointing D．reaching
8．A．hardly B．merely C．apparently D．accidentally
9．A．belief B．pride C．lesson D．harmony
10．A．guilty B．alone C．depressed D．dissatisfied
二、语法填空（本大题共10小题）
11．Twenty miners (trap) underground, but soon they were rescued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．We should take (measure) to protect endangered animals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Up to now lots of tests (prove) that the system works. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．The reason he didn’t go to school yesterday was that he was ill. (用适当的词填空)
15．I still live in the place I was born. (用适当的词填空)
16． (judge) from what he said, he was very disappointed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．There is no use (protest). I will not change my mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．The only thing we can do is to give him some money. (用适当的词填空)
19．He won the first prize, was unexpected. (用适当的词填空)
20．Steven is a designer works have won international praise. (用适当的词填空)
三、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
Many people want to travel around the world and enjoy new cultures, especially the different festivals. There are festivals going on somewhere in the world every day of the year. These range from very large events which involve whole cities to local celebrations in tiny villages or neighborhoods of towns or cities. We have selected a few of the more unusual, colorful festivals from around the world. You can choose anyone you like best!
The Million Ringgit Charity Duck Race: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Thirteen years ago, Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstorming to find new ways of raising money for local charities when they came up with the idea of rubber duck races. The event, crazy as it may sound, involves racing "cool" rubber ducks down a local waterway and having members of the community "adopt" the ducks for a chance to win valuable donated prizes, possibly even $1 million bucks.
La Tomatina: Bunol, Spain
"The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran, the patron saint of Bunol. Residents and visitors take part in a tomato-throwing battle that decimates more than 88,000 pounds of tomatoes. This crazy event began with a serious aim as a symbolic protest against Franco. But the Tomatina is now celebrated as an amusing way to end the summer."
Mighty Mud Mania: Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
"Children's dreams really do come true in the City of Scottsdale. Children aged 1 to 13, get to participate in a mud race to end all mud races. During the running of the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) course, several mud pits strategically placed, provide wet and really dirty obstacles as kids compete for the fastest time in each heat. There are also mud puddle pools for the tiny tots, and a mini mud course for those six and younger. In addition, Mighty Mudway features water and mud games. There are also water slides, sandcastle buildings and fun for all ages. Moms and dads, remember to send your kids out with old clothes and shoes. And have no fear, Rural Metro Fire Department is on hand to offer plenty of water for the muddy children."
Canberra Sled Dog Classic: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia. As there's no snow (the trail is earth and sand and is smooth and wide with a few hills and turns), the sleds have wheels instead of runners, but the excitement is the same.
21．Which of the following means the summer is over
A．Mighty Mud Mania. B．La Tomatina.
C．Canberra Sled Dog Classic. D．The Million Ringgit Charity Duck Race.
22．What can you enjoy in all the four festivals mentioned
A．Fantastic activities. B．Beautiful beaches.
C．Delicious food. D．Amazing sceneries.
23．The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A．share personal experiences B．compare cultures in different countries
C．introduce favorable festivals D．offer practical tips on choosing activities
When Kirk Alexander went missing for 11 days, an unlikely savior came to his rescue: his neighborhood pizza store.
Almost every night for more than ten years, Kirk Alexander, 48, of Salem, Oregon ordered a late dinner from his local Domino’s pizza store. He had no signature order. Sometimes he would call for a salad, sometimes a pie, sometimes chicken wings. The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week.
Until suddenly, for nearly two weeks at the end of April 2016, they didn’t.
It was a slow Saturday night on May 7th when Domino’s general manager Sarah Fuller felt she could no longer ignore Alexander’s recent absence.
“I went and looked up to see how long it had been since he last ordered,” Fuller told . “It was 11 days, which was not like him at all.”
Fuller knew Alexander worked from home, and neighbors said he rarely left. She also knew that he had suffered some health issues in the past. Something, Fuller worried, was wrong.
Around 1 a. m. on Sunday, May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander’s home. Hamblen approached Alexander’s door as he had countless times before and knocked. He could plainly see that Alexander’s TV set was on, as were his lights; but after several minutes, Alexander still didn’t answer the door.
Hamblen rushed back to the store to relay the upsetting developments to Fuller. She encouraged Hamblen to dial 911. Soon, officers were on their way.
When deputies from the Marion County Sheriff’s office arrived at Alexander’s house, they heard a man calling for help from inside the residence, deputies said. They broke the door down, and found Alexander on the floor in need of immediate medical attention. One day later, and they might have been too late.
Alexander was rushed to Salem Hospital, where he was listed in stable condition shortly after the dramatic rescue. In the following weeks, Fuller, Hamblen, and other store employees went to visit him with flowers and cards, noting that Alexander greeted them with knowing smiles.
24．How did Fuller sense that something was wrong
A．She knew Alexander had serious health problems.
B．Alexander hadn’t ordered chicken wings for nearly 2 weeks.
C．Alexander had never before broken his routine in the store for 10 years.
D．Alexander had disappeared from the store’s ordering system for about 2 weeks.
25．What can you infer from the underlined sentence
A．Hamblen was fond of knocking at Alexander’s door.
B．Hamblen was more than an acquaintance to Alexander.
C．Every time Hamblen arrived at Alexander’s house, he would knock first.
D．When Hamblen had enough time in the past, he would go to Alexander’s house.
26．The saying we can learn from the story is________.
A．Better late than never
B．Born in distress, die in peace
C．Details determine success or failure
D．Even the wise are not always free from error
The human brain is sensitive to shortage. The sense of not having enough of what we need makes it harder for us to focus and plan. In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages.
As a species that is heavily dependent on water, we seem to be wired to plan for it. The loss of water prompts a general mindset of thrift and long-term thinking. This discovery could have important implications for humankind's response to climate change.
We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 2k1 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided. Some received an article that was desperate in tone. It detailed predictions of the worst “water shortage in 1, 200 years. ” Others read a more positive article that described how climate change means more rain and therefore enough water. The rest of the students completed the study without reading an article.
We then asked the students how important it was to save resources and think about the long terra. In a survey, participants who read about a serious shortage agreed more with statements such as “People should live for the future. ” In contrast, people who read about a future water surplus were pushed in the opposite direction. Compared with those who had answered the questions without reading about climate change at all, they were more likely to support living for the present and careless about saving money and other resources.
In the follow-up study, we looked for places where communities have experienced real water shortage for generations. We found two geographically close cities in Iran -Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water. Shiraz receives enough rainfall to support vineyards that produce its world-famous wine. Nearby Yazd is bone-dry. We gave psychological tests to 331 people in Shiraz and Yazd to measure how much individuals prioritize the future. Sure enough, people in Yazd thought that planning for the future was more important than these in Shiraz did.
Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood.
That sensitivity might be crucial going forward. Climate change is making droughts more common. Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior. That may offer a sliver of hope in the middle of the threat of climate change.
27．What was the purpose of the experiment conducted with college students in the lab
A．To analyze their reaction to climate change predictions.
B．To measure their current levels of resource conservation.
C．To observe their psychological response to water scarcity articles.
D．To compare their views on long-term planning with those who didn’t read about climate change.
28．What’s the possible reason that the researchers chose Shiraz and Yazd as the subjects of their study
A．They are neighboring cities with similar demographics but contrasting water availability.
B．They have been historically significant in water management practices.
C．They are famous for their cultural significance in relation to water conservation.
D．They have different climates, making them ideal for studying environmental adaptation.
29．Why does the author compare humans with sharks in paragraph 6
A．To highlight the similarities between human and shark behavior in response to resource scarcity.
B．To support the argument that humans’ sensitivity to water scarcity is rooted in evolutionary factors.
C．To emphasize humans’ superior ability to detect water-related signals compared to other species.
D．To illustrate the evolutionary differences in sensitivity to environmental cues between humans and sharks.
30．According to the article, what’s the significance of the study
A．It shows that people’s awareness of climate change can be prompted.
B．It suggests that water shortage may urge humans to live in the moment.
C．It confirms that people react similarly to all types of resource shortages.
D．It highlights the importance of immediate actions to address water shortage.
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 31
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 32
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 33 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 34 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
35 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A．Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
You’ve likely been unable to avoid talk of the metaverse (元宇宙) in the past few years. The term, first coined by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson in a 1992 novel, has become a vision of the future of technology in our lives. And if the hype (宣传) is to be believed, it’s where we’ll be living the rest of our digital lives.
“The metaverse integrates our physical and digital lives,” says Cathy Hackl of Futures Intelligence Group: Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed through virtual reality glasses, adding elements of the digital on top of our day-to-day lives. You could attend concerts and conferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representation of a nightclub or conference center. Elsewhere, you'll shop for shoes in a virtual store or order food in a virtual McDonald’s and have it delivered to your real-world home.
Building metaverse technology is considered to be the next step in the advance of the Internet after early21st-cemtury developments such as smartphone applications and social media. “It’s the future of the internet. But it’s also about further connectivity,” says Hackl.
Some believe it’s a digital playground for friends. Others think it has the potential to be the biggest commercial space for companies and customers. Both interpretations are correct. In 2023, McKinsey published Value Creation in the Metaverse, a new report based on surveys of more than 3, 400 consumers, as well as interviews with 13 senior leaders and metaverse experts. Based on this analysis, we believe the metaverse is best characterized as an evolution (进化) of today’s internet — something we are deeply absorbed in, rather than something we primarily look at.
36．Where did the word “metaverse” come from
37．How can we access to the metaverse
38．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us.
39．How do you like the metaverse Give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
参考答案
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Katie Steller在街上为生活在城市边缘的人提供免费理发服务，希望通过简单的善举让这些人感受到温暖和关怀。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她摇下车窗，喊道：“你现在想免费理发吗？”A. pulled拉；B. turned翻转；C. rolled摇摆，滚动；D. knocked敲。结合下文“she pulled off the road(她把车停在路边)”可知，Steller在车里，故此处指“摇下车窗”，roll down“摇开，旋开”，故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. quick快速的；B. free免费的；C. unique独特的；D. fancy精致的。根据最后一段中“a free haircut”可知，Steller提供免费理发，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller完成后，那人照镜子。A. done做，结束；B. gone去；C. spotted发现；D. left离开。上文“helped the man cut his hair”提到Steller给那个男人理发，结合下文“the man looked in a mirror. ‘I look good!’”可知，应是理发结束，那个男人照镜子说好看，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，Steller已经为生活在城市边缘的人们做过这样的理发，她敏锐地意识到自己理发工作的力量。A. risk风险；B. power力量；C. reward回报；D. function功能。根据下文“After that, Steller knew how to help people feel the way she’d felt that day.(在那之后，Steller知道如何帮助人们体会她那天的感受)”可知，她通过理发让人们感觉到被平等对待，故她意识到自己所做的工作有很大的力量，故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，她的母亲为Steller安排了第一次专业的发型，在那里，当她像一个人一样被对待时，她感觉到了被关心。A. left behind留下；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. taken away拿走；D. cared about关心。根据上文“with a severe disease, her hair got thinned(她得了一场重病，头发变得稀疏了)”以及“when talked to like a person”可知，她被平等对待，故是感受到了被关心，故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想让它成为一扇大门，以示尊重，同时也能了解别人。A. faith信念；B. trust信任；C. respect尊重；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“when talked to like a person”可知，生病的Steller被平等对待，故此处指展示尊重，故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，她开始了Red Chair项目，向街上的人们伸出援手。A. sending发送，派遣；B. speaking说话；C. pointing指向；D. reaching到达。结合上文讲Steller帮助街上乞讨的人免费理发可知，此处指“向街上的人们伸出援手”，reach out to“向（某人）提供帮助或支持”，故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种关注显然起作用了。A. hardly几乎不；B. merely仅仅；C. apparently显然地，明显地；D. accidentally偶尔，偶然地。根据下文“maybe I can help them feel less 1 for a moment”可知，她的倾听很明显起到了作用，故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于对简单善举的相信，比如免费理发。A. belief信念，相信；B. pride自豪；C. lesson功课，教训；D. harmony和谐。根据空后“in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut”和下文“I can’t fix people’s problems, but maybe I can help them…”可知，她相信善举的力量，故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你在这个世界上的表现方式很重要，” Steller说，“我不能解决人们的问题，但也许我可以帮助他们暂时不那么孤独。”A. guilty内疚的；B. alone孤独的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. dissatisfied不满意的。根据上文“What breaks Steller’s heart is just how lonely people look”可知，Steller通过倾听让人们暂时感到没那么孤独，故选B。
11．【答案】were trapped
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：20名矿工被困在地下，但很快他们就获救了。主语miners和trap是被动关系，结合were可知此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用were，故填were trapped。
12．【答案】measures
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。measure是可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。
13．【答案】have proved
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的测试已经证明该系统是有效的。根据Up to now可知，prove“证明”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语lots of tests是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have proved。
14．【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他昨天没去上学的原因是他病了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
15．【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然住在我出生的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
16．【答案】Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他说的话来看，他很失望。judging from“根据……判断”，常用作独立成分，作状语，首字母应大写，故填Judging。
17．【答案】protesting
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：抗议没有用。我不会改变主意的。There is no use doing sth“做某事没有用”，固定句型，故填protesting。
18．【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们唯一能做的就是给他一些钱。空格处引导定语从句，先行词 thing在从句中作宾语，前面有The only修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
19．【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他获得了第一名，这是出乎意料的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
20．【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂文是一位设计师，他的作品赢得了国际赞誉。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是designer ，在从句中作定语，designer和works之间是所属关系，空格处用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的四个节日。
【解析】21．细节理解题。根据La Tomatina: Bunol, Spain这一小标题下最后一句But the Tomatina is now celebrated as an amusing way to end the summer. （但是 Tomatina现在被当作一种结束夏天的有趣方式来庆祝。）可知，现在Tomatina已经作为庆祝结束夏天结束的一种有趣方式了。这里的end the summer和题干中summer is over进行了替换。故此题选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstorming to find new ways of raising money for local charities when they came up with the idea of rubber duck races. 可知，第一个节日有橡胶鸭子赛跑活动。根据文章The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran可知，第二个节日有番茄大战。根据文章During the running of the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) course可知，第三个节日有泥浆赛跑。根据文章Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia.可知第四个节日有狗拉雪橇活动。所以四个节日的共同特点就是有精彩的活动。故此题选A。
23．推理判断题。文章第一自然段We have selected a few of the more unusual, colorful festivals from around the world. You can choose anyone you like best!（我们从世界各地挑选了一些更不寻常、更丰富多彩的节日。你可以选择你最喜欢的节日!）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍一些精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的节日。故此题选C。
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．C
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了细心周到的外卖店经理通过观察到常客Kirk Alexander打破了每天订餐的习惯，派人上门了解情况，发现Kirk患病在家，及时报警，从而救了Kirk性命的经过。
【解析】24．细节理解题。由第二段中的“The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week. (对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第五段““I went and looked up to see how long it had been since he last ordered,” Fuller told . “It was 11 days, which was not like him at all.”(Fuller告诉：“我抬头看了看，他上次点单是多久以前的事，发现是11天前的事了，这完全不是他的风格。”)”可知，Fuller通过发现Kirk最近已经有11天（差不多两周）没在外卖店下单了，感到不对劲。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。由第二段中的“The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week. (对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第七段中的“Around 1 a. m. on Sunday, May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander’s home. Hamblen approached Alexander’s door as he had countless times before and knocked. (5月8日星期日凌晨1点左右，Fuller派了长期送货司机特蕾西·汉布伦到亚历山大的家中停留。汉布伦像以前无数次一样，走近亚历山大的门，敲门)”可知，Alexander经常点外卖，而Tracey Hamblen是派送员，从画线句推断出为二人十分相熟。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。由第四段“It was a slow Saturday night on May 7th when Domino’s general manager Sarah Fuller felt she could no longer ignore Alexander’s recent absence. (5月7日是一个缓慢的周六晚上，Domino的总经理Sarah Fuller觉得她再也不能忽视Alexander最近的缺席了)”可知，外卖店经理通过细心观察，察觉到了顾客Kirk点餐习惯发生的变化，最后救了Kirk的命，告诉了我们“细节决定成败”的道理。故选C项。
【答案】27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，仅仅意识到水资源短缺就会影响人们的思维和行动，让人们更倾向于长远规划和减少浪费。
【解析】27．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages.(然而，在最近的工作中，我们发现人们对水资源短缺的反应与对其他短缺的反应非常不同)”和第三段中“We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 211 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided.(我们从几个方面探讨了人们对水的看法。在一个实验中，我们把211名大学生带到实验室，让其中一些人阅读我们提供的一篇文章)”可知，在实验室里与大学生进行实验的目的是观察他们对水资源短缺的文章的心理反应，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第五段中“We found two geographically close cities in Iran — Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water.(我们在伊朗发现了两个地理位置相近的城市——Shiraz和Yazd——它们有着相似的经济、相同的宗教信仰和语言，但水量却大不相同)”可知，研究人员选择Shiraz和Yazd研究是因为它们是相邻的城市，人口结构相似，但水资源供应却截然不同，故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第六段“Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood.(通过研究，我们的发现表明，水在我们的思维中有着重要的地位——它与其他重要资源（包括财富）截然不同。有证据表明，在进化过程中，我们的嗅觉与水有关。人类比鲨鱼更善于察觉新鲜降雨的气味)”可知，前两句提到人类对水资源短缺的敏感性源于进化因素，最后一句提到将人类和鲨鱼相比是为了支持上述观点，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior.(我们的研究表明，随着许多地方干涸，全球变暖可能会重塑人们的思维方式，推动整个社区采取更谨慎的面向未来的行为)”可知，这项研究的意义在于它表明人们对气候变化的认识是可以提高的，故选A。
【答案】31．D 32．F 33．G 34．B 35．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【解析】31．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
32．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
33．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
34．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
35．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
【答案】36．The word “metaverse” came from a 1992 novel by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson. 37．We can access the metaverse through virtual reality glasses. 38．Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us.
●According to the passage, the correct idea is that the metaverse is something we are deeply absorbed in, not just something we look at. 39．I think the metaverse is fascinating because it blends the physical and digital worlds, offering new ways to interact, learn, and entertain. However, it also raises concerns about privacy and over-reliance on technology. (Word count: 40)
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是元宇宙以及对我们生活会有哪些改变。
【解析】36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“The term, first coined by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson in a 1992 novel, has become a vision of the future of technology in our lives.(这个词最初是由科幻作家Neal Stephenson在1992年的一部小说中创造的，它已经成为我们生活中未来科技的一种愿景)”可知，“元宇宙”一词出自科幻作家Neal Stephenson1992年的一部小说。故答案是The word “metaverse” came from a 1992 novel by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson.
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed through virtual reality glasses(简单地说，虚拟世界是一个可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入的3D虚拟空间)”可知，我们可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入虚拟世界，故答案是We can access the metaverse through virtual reality glasses.
38．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Based on this analysis, we believe the metaverse is best characterized as an evolution (进化) of today’s internet — something we are deeply absorbed in, rather than something we primarily look at.(基于这一分析，我们认为，对虚拟世界的最好描述是当今互联网的进化——我们深深沉浸其中的东西，而不是我们主要看到的东西)”可知，根据这篇文章，正确的观点是，元宇宙是我们深深沉浸其中的东西，而不仅仅是我们看到的东西，故应在原句中“look at”下划线，故答案为Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us. According to the passage, the correct idea is that the metaverse is something we are deeply absorbed in, not just something we look at.
39．考查开放题型。题目提问元宇宙的看法并给出理由，我认为虚拟世界很吸引人，因为它融合了物理世界和数字世界，提供了新的互动、学习和娱乐方式。然而，它也引发了对隐私和过度依赖技术的担忧，故答案为I think the metaverse is fascinating because it blends the physical and digital worlds, offering new ways to interact, learn, and entertain. However, it also raises concerns about privacy and over-reliance on technology. (Word count: 40)
一、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
Last summer, on her way to work in Minneapolis, Katie Steller stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She 1 down her window, shouting, “Do you want a 2 haircut right now ”
Getting a yes, she pulled off the road, took a red chair from her car, and helped the man cut his hair. After Steller was 3 , the man looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he laughed.
To date, Steller has given such haircuts to people all living on the margins (边缘) around the city, and she is keenly aware of the 4 of her cleanup job.
A haircut changed Steller’s life: As a teen, with a severe disease, her hair got thinned. So, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut, where she felt 5 when talked to like a person. After that, Steller knew how to help people feel the way she’d felt that day. “I want it to be a gateway, to show 6 , but also to get to know people.”
In 2009, she began Red Chair Project, 7 out to people on the streets. What breaks Steller’s heart is just how lonely people look, so she listens to their stories of loss and struggle to get back on their feet. The attention 8 works.
And it all began with a 9 in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” says Steller, “I can’t fix people’s problems, but maybe I can help them feel less 10 for a moment. ”
1．A．pulled B．turned C．rolled D．knocked
2．A．quick B．free C．unique D．fancy
3．A．done B．gone C．spotted D．left
4．A．risk B．power C．reward D．function
5．A．left behind B．calmed down C．taken away D．cared about
6．A．faith B．trust C．respect D．interest
7．A．sending B．speaking C．pointing D．reaching
8．A．hardly B．merely C．apparently D．accidentally
9．A．belief B．pride C．lesson D．harmony
10．A．guilty B．alone C．depressed D．dissatisfied
二、语法填空（本大题共10小题）
11．Twenty miners (trap) underground, but soon they were rescued. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．We should take (measure) to protect endangered animals. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Up to now lots of tests (prove) that the system works. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．The reason he didn’t go to school yesterday was that he was ill. (用适当的词填空)
15．I still live in the place I was born. (用适当的词填空)
16． (judge) from what he said, he was very disappointed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．There is no use (protest). I will not change my mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．The only thing we can do is to give him some money. (用适当的词填空)
19．He won the first prize, was unexpected. (用适当的词填空)
20．Steven is a designer works have won international praise. (用适当的词填空)
三、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
Many people want to travel around the world and enjoy new cultures, especially the different festivals. There are festivals going on somewhere in the world every day of the year. These range from very large events which involve whole cities to local celebrations in tiny villages or neighborhoods of towns or cities. We have selected a few of the more unusual, colorful festivals from around the world. You can choose anyone you like best!
The Million Ringgit Charity Duck Race: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Thirteen years ago, Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstorming to find new ways of raising money for local charities when they came up with the idea of rubber duck races. The event, crazy as it may sound, involves racing "cool" rubber ducks down a local waterway and having members of the community "adopt" the ducks for a chance to win valuable donated prizes, possibly even $1 million bucks.
La Tomatina: Bunol, Spain
"The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran, the patron saint of Bunol. Residents and visitors take part in a tomato-throwing battle that decimates more than 88,000 pounds of tomatoes. This crazy event began with a serious aim as a symbolic protest against Franco. But the Tomatina is now celebrated as an amusing way to end the summer."
Mighty Mud Mania: Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
"Children's dreams really do come true in the City of Scottsdale. Children aged 1 to 13, get to participate in a mud race to end all mud races. During the running of the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) course, several mud pits strategically placed, provide wet and really dirty obstacles as kids compete for the fastest time in each heat. There are also mud puddle pools for the tiny tots, and a mini mud course for those six and younger. In addition, Mighty Mudway features water and mud games. There are also water slides, sandcastle buildings and fun for all ages. Moms and dads, remember to send your kids out with old clothes and shoes. And have no fear, Rural Metro Fire Department is on hand to offer plenty of water for the muddy children."
Canberra Sled Dog Classic: Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia. As there's no snow (the trail is earth and sand and is smooth and wide with a few hills and turns), the sleds have wheels instead of runners, but the excitement is the same.
21．Which of the following means the summer is over
A．Mighty Mud Mania. B．La Tomatina.
C．Canberra Sled Dog Classic. D．The Million Ringgit Charity Duck Race.
22．What can you enjoy in all the four festivals mentioned
A．Fantastic activities. B．Beautiful beaches.
C．Delicious food. D．Amazing sceneries.
23．The main purpose of the passage is to _______.
A．share personal experiences B．compare cultures in different countries
C．introduce favorable festivals D．offer practical tips on choosing activities
When Kirk Alexander went missing for 11 days, an unlikely savior came to his rescue: his neighborhood pizza store.
Almost every night for more than ten years, Kirk Alexander, 48, of Salem, Oregon ordered a late dinner from his local Domino’s pizza store. He had no signature order. Sometimes he would call for a salad, sometimes a pie, sometimes chicken wings. The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week.
Until suddenly, for nearly two weeks at the end of April 2016, they didn’t.
It was a slow Saturday night on May 7th when Domino’s general manager Sarah Fuller felt she could no longer ignore Alexander’s recent absence.
“I went and looked up to see how long it had been since he last ordered,” Fuller told . “It was 11 days, which was not like him at all.”
Fuller knew Alexander worked from home, and neighbors said he rarely left. She also knew that he had suffered some health issues in the past. Something, Fuller worried, was wrong.
Around 1 a. m. on Sunday, May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander’s home. Hamblen approached Alexander’s door as he had countless times before and knocked. He could plainly see that Alexander’s TV set was on, as were his lights; but after several minutes, Alexander still didn’t answer the door.
Hamblen rushed back to the store to relay the upsetting developments to Fuller. She encouraged Hamblen to dial 911. Soon, officers were on their way.
When deputies from the Marion County Sheriff’s office arrived at Alexander’s house, they heard a man calling for help from inside the residence, deputies said. They broke the door down, and found Alexander on the floor in need of immediate medical attention. One day later, and they might have been too late.
Alexander was rushed to Salem Hospital, where he was listed in stable condition shortly after the dramatic rescue. In the following weeks, Fuller, Hamblen, and other store employees went to visit him with flowers and cards, noting that Alexander greeted them with knowing smiles.
24．How did Fuller sense that something was wrong
A．She knew Alexander had serious health problems.
B．Alexander hadn’t ordered chicken wings for nearly 2 weeks.
C．Alexander had never before broken his routine in the store for 10 years.
D．Alexander had disappeared from the store’s ordering system for about 2 weeks.
25．What can you infer from the underlined sentence
A．Hamblen was fond of knocking at Alexander’s door.
B．Hamblen was more than an acquaintance to Alexander.
C．Every time Hamblen arrived at Alexander’s house, he would knock first.
D．When Hamblen had enough time in the past, he would go to Alexander’s house.
26．The saying we can learn from the story is________.
A．Better late than never
B．Born in distress, die in peace
C．Details determine success or failure
D．Even the wise are not always free from error
The human brain is sensitive to shortage. The sense of not having enough of what we need makes it harder for us to focus and plan. In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages.
As a species that is heavily dependent on water, we seem to be wired to plan for it. The loss of water prompts a general mindset of thrift and long-term thinking. This discovery could have important implications for humankind's response to climate change.
We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 2k1 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided. Some received an article that was desperate in tone. It detailed predictions of the worst “water shortage in 1, 200 years. ” Others read a more positive article that described how climate change means more rain and therefore enough water. The rest of the students completed the study without reading an article.
We then asked the students how important it was to save resources and think about the long terra. In a survey, participants who read about a serious shortage agreed more with statements such as “People should live for the future. ” In contrast, people who read about a future water surplus were pushed in the opposite direction. Compared with those who had answered the questions without reading about climate change at all, they were more likely to support living for the present and careless about saving money and other resources.
In the follow-up study, we looked for places where communities have experienced real water shortage for generations. We found two geographically close cities in Iran -Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water. Shiraz receives enough rainfall to support vineyards that produce its world-famous wine. Nearby Yazd is bone-dry. We gave psychological tests to 331 people in Shiraz and Yazd to measure how much individuals prioritize the future. Sure enough, people in Yazd thought that planning for the future was more important than these in Shiraz did.
Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood.
That sensitivity might be crucial going forward. Climate change is making droughts more common. Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior. That may offer a sliver of hope in the middle of the threat of climate change.
27．What was the purpose of the experiment conducted with college students in the lab
A．To analyze their reaction to climate change predictions.
B．To measure their current levels of resource conservation.
C．To observe their psychological response to water scarcity articles.
D．To compare their views on long-term planning with those who didn’t read about climate change.
28．What’s the possible reason that the researchers chose Shiraz and Yazd as the subjects of their study
A．They are neighboring cities with similar demographics but contrasting water availability.
B．They have been historically significant in water management practices.
C．They are famous for their cultural significance in relation to water conservation.
D．They have different climates, making them ideal for studying environmental adaptation.
29．Why does the author compare humans with sharks in paragraph 6
A．To highlight the similarities between human and shark behavior in response to resource scarcity.
B．To support the argument that humans’ sensitivity to water scarcity is rooted in evolutionary factors.
C．To emphasize humans’ superior ability to detect water-related signals compared to other species.
D．To illustrate the evolutionary differences in sensitivity to environmental cues between humans and sharks.
30．According to the article, what’s the significance of the study
A．It shows that people’s awareness of climate change can be prompted.
B．It suggests that water shortage may urge humans to live in the moment.
C．It confirms that people react similarly to all types of resource shortages.
D．It highlights the importance of immediate actions to address water shortage.
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 31
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 32
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 33 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 34 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
35 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A．Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B．Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C．Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D．However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E．Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
You’ve likely been unable to avoid talk of the metaverse (元宇宙) in the past few years. The term, first coined by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson in a 1992 novel, has become a vision of the future of technology in our lives. And if the hype (宣传) is to be believed, it’s where we’ll be living the rest of our digital lives.
“The metaverse integrates our physical and digital lives,” says Cathy Hackl of Futures Intelligence Group: Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed through virtual reality glasses, adding elements of the digital on top of our day-to-day lives. You could attend concerts and conferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representation of a nightclub or conference center. Elsewhere, you'll shop for shoes in a virtual store or order food in a virtual McDonald’s and have it delivered to your real-world home.
Building metaverse technology is considered to be the next step in the advance of the Internet after early21st-cemtury developments such as smartphone applications and social media. “It’s the future of the internet. But it’s also about further connectivity,” says Hackl.
Some believe it’s a digital playground for friends. Others think it has the potential to be the biggest commercial space for companies and customers. Both interpretations are correct. In 2023, McKinsey published Value Creation in the Metaverse, a new report based on surveys of more than 3, 400 consumers, as well as interviews with 13 senior leaders and metaverse experts. Based on this analysis, we believe the metaverse is best characterized as an evolution (进化) of today’s internet — something we are deeply absorbed in, rather than something we primarily look at.
36．Where did the word “metaverse” come from
37．How can we access to the metaverse
38．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us.
39．How do you like the metaverse Give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
参考答案
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Katie Steller在街上为生活在城市边缘的人提供免费理发服务，希望通过简单的善举让这些人感受到温暖和关怀。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她摇下车窗，喊道：“你现在想免费理发吗？”A. pulled拉；B. turned翻转；C. rolled摇摆，滚动；D. knocked敲。结合下文“she pulled off the road(她把车停在路边)”可知，Steller在车里，故此处指“摇下车窗”，roll down“摇开，旋开”，故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. quick快速的；B. free免费的；C. unique独特的；D. fancy精致的。根据最后一段中“a free haircut”可知，Steller提供免费理发，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller完成后，那人照镜子。A. done做，结束；B. gone去；C. spotted发现；D. left离开。上文“helped the man cut his hair”提到Steller给那个男人理发，结合下文“the man looked in a mirror. ‘I look good!’”可知，应是理发结束，那个男人照镜子说好看，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，Steller已经为生活在城市边缘的人们做过这样的理发，她敏锐地意识到自己理发工作的力量。A. risk风险；B. power力量；C. reward回报；D. function功能。根据下文“After that, Steller knew how to help people feel the way she’d felt that day.(在那之后，Steller知道如何帮助人们体会她那天的感受)”可知，她通过理发让人们感觉到被平等对待，故她意识到自己所做的工作有很大的力量，故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，她的母亲为Steller安排了第一次专业的发型，在那里，当她像一个人一样被对待时，她感觉到了被关心。A. left behind留下；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. taken away拿走；D. cared about关心。根据上文“with a severe disease, her hair got thinned(她得了一场重病，头发变得稀疏了)”以及“when talked to like a person”可知，她被平等对待，故是感受到了被关心，故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想让它成为一扇大门，以示尊重，同时也能了解别人。A. faith信念；B. trust信任；C. respect尊重；D. interest兴趣。根据上文“when talked to like a person”可知，生病的Steller被平等对待，故此处指展示尊重，故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，她开始了Red Chair项目，向街上的人们伸出援手。A. sending发送，派遣；B. speaking说话；C. pointing指向；D. reaching到达。结合上文讲Steller帮助街上乞讨的人免费理发可知，此处指“向街上的人们伸出援手”，reach out to“向（某人）提供帮助或支持”，故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种关注显然起作用了。A. hardly几乎不；B. merely仅仅；C. apparently显然地，明显地；D. accidentally偶尔，偶然地。根据下文“maybe I can help them feel less 1 for a moment”可知，她的倾听很明显起到了作用，故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于对简单善举的相信，比如免费理发。A. belief信念，相信；B. pride自豪；C. lesson功课，教训；D. harmony和谐。根据空后“in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut”和下文“I can’t fix people’s problems, but maybe I can help them…”可知，她相信善举的力量，故选A。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你在这个世界上的表现方式很重要，” Steller说，“我不能解决人们的问题，但也许我可以帮助他们暂时不那么孤独。”A. guilty内疚的；B. alone孤独的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. dissatisfied不满意的。根据上文“What breaks Steller’s heart is just how lonely people look”可知，Steller通过倾听让人们暂时感到没那么孤独，故选B。
11．【答案】were trapped
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：20名矿工被困在地下，但很快他们就获救了。主语miners和trap是被动关系，结合were可知此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用were，故填were trapped。
12．【答案】measures
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。measure是可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。
13．【答案】have proved
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的测试已经证明该系统是有效的。根据Up to now可知，prove“证明”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语lots of tests是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have proved。
14．【答案】why
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他昨天没去上学的原因是他病了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
15．【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然住在我出生的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
16．【答案】Judging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他说的话来看，他很失望。judging from“根据……判断”，常用作独立成分，作状语，首字母应大写，故填Judging。
17．【答案】protesting
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：抗议没有用。我不会改变主意的。There is no use doing sth“做某事没有用”，固定句型，故填protesting。
18．【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们唯一能做的就是给他一些钱。空格处引导定语从句，先行词 thing在从句中作宾语，前面有The only修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
19．【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他获得了第一名，这是出乎意料的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
20．【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂文是一位设计师，他的作品赢得了国际赞誉。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是designer ，在从句中作定语，designer和works之间是所属关系，空格处用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的四个节日。
【解析】21．细节理解题。根据La Tomatina: Bunol, Spain这一小标题下最后一句But the Tomatina is now celebrated as an amusing way to end the summer. （但是 Tomatina现在被当作一种结束夏天的有趣方式来庆祝。）可知，现在Tomatina已经作为庆祝结束夏天结束的一种有趣方式了。这里的end the summer和题干中summer is over进行了替换。故此题选B。
22．推理判断题。根据文章Eric Schechter and his friends were brainstorming to find new ways of raising money for local charities when they came up with the idea of rubber duck races. 可知，第一个节日有橡胶鸭子赛跑活动。根据文章The tomato battle is in honor of Saint Luis Beltran可知，第二个节日有番茄大战。根据文章During the running of the Mighty Mud Obstacle(泥坑) course可知，第三个节日有泥浆赛跑。根据文章Dog sledding is one of the fastest growing sports on the east coast of Australia.可知第四个节日有狗拉雪橇活动。所以四个节日的共同特点就是有精彩的活动。故此题选A。
23．推理判断题。文章第一自然段We have selected a few of the more unusual, colorful festivals from around the world. You can choose anyone you like best!（我们从世界各地挑选了一些更不寻常、更丰富多彩的节日。你可以选择你最喜欢的节日!）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍一些精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的节日。故此题选C。
【答案】24．D 25．B 26．C
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了细心周到的外卖店经理通过观察到常客Kirk Alexander打破了每天订餐的习惯，派人上门了解情况，发现Kirk患病在家，及时报警，从而救了Kirk性命的经过。
【解析】24．细节理解题。由第二段中的“The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week. (对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第五段““I went and looked up to see how long it had been since he last ordered,” Fuller told . “It was 11 days, which was not like him at all.”(Fuller告诉：“我抬头看了看，他上次点单是多久以前的事，发现是11天前的事了，这完全不是他的风格。”)”可知，Fuller通过发现Kirk最近已经有11天（差不多两周）没在外卖店下单了，感到不对劲。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。由第二段中的“The only sure thing for the staff of the Silverton Road Domino’s was that they would see Alexander’s name show up on their online ordering site sometime between 11 p. m. and midnight several times a week. (对于Silverton Road Domino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第七段中的“Around 1 a. m. on Sunday, May 8, Fuller sent longtime delivery driver Tracey Hamblen to stop in at Alexander’s home. Hamblen approached Alexander’s door as he had countless times before and knocked. (5月8日星期日凌晨1点左右，Fuller派了长期送货司机特蕾西·汉布伦到亚历山大的家中停留。汉布伦像以前无数次一样，走近亚历山大的门，敲门)”可知，Alexander经常点外卖，而Tracey Hamblen是派送员，从画线句推断出为二人十分相熟。故选B项。
26．推理判断题。由第四段“It was a slow Saturday night on May 7th when Domino’s general manager Sarah Fuller felt she could no longer ignore Alexander’s recent absence. (5月7日是一个缓慢的周六晚上，Domino的总经理Sarah Fuller觉得她再也不能忽视Alexander最近的缺席了)”可知，外卖店经理通过细心观察，察觉到了顾客Kirk点餐习惯发生的变化，最后救了Kirk的命，告诉了我们“细节决定成败”的道理。故选C项。
【答案】27．C 28．A 29．B 30．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，仅仅意识到水资源短缺就会影响人们的思维和行动，让人们更倾向于长远规划和减少浪费。
【解析】27．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent work, however, we found that people react to water shortage very differently than they do to other shortages.(然而，在最近的工作中，我们发现人们对水资源短缺的反应与对其他短缺的反应非常不同)”和第三段中“We explored people’s thinking about water in several ways. In one experiment, we brought 211 college students to the lab and asked some of them to read an article we provided.(我们从几个方面探讨了人们对水的看法。在一个实验中，我们把211名大学生带到实验室，让其中一些人阅读我们提供的一篇文章)”可知，在实验室里与大学生进行实验的目的是观察他们对水资源短缺的文章的心理反应，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第五段中“We found two geographically close cities in Iran — Shiraz and Yazd — that have similar economies and the same majority religion, and language but sharply different amounts of water.(我们在伊朗发现了两个地理位置相近的城市——Shiraz和Yazd——它们有着相似的经济、相同的宗教信仰和语言，但水量却大不相同)”可知，研究人员选择Shiraz和Yazd研究是因为它们是相邻的城市，人口结构相似，但水资源供应却截然不同，故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第六段“Across studies, our findings suggest that water has a meaningful place in our thinking — one that is distinct from other important resources, including wealth. There is evidence of evolutionary wiring for water in our sense of smell. Humans are better at detecting the scent of fresh rainfall than sharks are at detecting blood.(通过研究，我们的发现表明，水在我们的思维中有着重要的地位——它与其他重要资源（包括财富）截然不同。有证据表明，在进化过程中，我们的嗅觉与水有关。人类比鲨鱼更善于察觉新鲜降雨的气味)”可知，前两句提到人类对水资源短缺的敏感性源于进化因素，最后一句提到将人类和鲨鱼相比是为了支持上述观点，故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our work suggests that as many places dry up, global warming could reshape how people think pushing entire communities toward more cautious future-oriented behavior.(我们的研究表明，随着许多地方干涸，全球变暖可能会重塑人们的思维方式，推动整个社区采取更谨慎的面向未来的行为)”可知，这项研究的意义在于它表明人们对气候变化的认识是可以提高的，故选A。
【答案】31．D 32．F 33．G 34．B 35．E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
【解析】31．根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
32．根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
33．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
34．根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
35．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
【答案】36．The word “metaverse” came from a 1992 novel by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson. 37．We can access the metaverse through virtual reality glasses. 38．Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us.
●According to the passage, the correct idea is that the metaverse is something we are deeply absorbed in, not just something we look at. 39．I think the metaverse is fascinating because it blends the physical and digital worlds, offering new ways to interact, learn, and entertain. However, it also raises concerns about privacy and over-reliance on technology. (Word count: 40)
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是元宇宙以及对我们生活会有哪些改变。
【解析】36．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“The term, first coined by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson in a 1992 novel, has become a vision of the future of technology in our lives.(这个词最初是由科幻作家Neal Stephenson在1992年的一部小说中创造的，它已经成为我们生活中未来科技的一种愿景)”可知，“元宇宙”一词出自科幻作家Neal Stephenson1992年的一部小说。故答案是The word “metaverse” came from a 1992 novel by sci-fi author Neal Stephenson.
37．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed through virtual reality glasses(简单地说，虚拟世界是一个可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入的3D虚拟空间)”可知，我们可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入虚拟世界，故答案是We can access the metaverse through virtual reality glasses.
38．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Based on this analysis, we believe the metaverse is best characterized as an evolution (进化) of today’s internet — something we are deeply absorbed in, rather than something we primarily look at.(基于这一分析，我们认为，对虚拟世界的最好描述是当今互联网的进化——我们深深沉浸其中的东西，而不是我们主要看到的东西)”可知，根据这篇文章，正确的观点是，元宇宙是我们深深沉浸其中的东西，而不仅仅是我们看到的东西，故应在原句中“look at”下划线，故答案为Based on McKinsey’s report, the metaverse can be regarded as an evolution because it enables us to look at what the internet presents to us. According to the passage, the correct idea is that the metaverse is something we are deeply absorbed in, not just something we look at.
39．考查开放题型。题目提问元宇宙的看法并给出理由，我认为虚拟世界很吸引人，因为它融合了物理世界和数字世界，提供了新的互动、学习和娱乐方式。然而，它也引发了对隐私和过度依赖技术的担忧，故答案为I think the metaverse is fascinating because it blends the physical and digital worlds, offering new ways to interact, learn, and entertain. However, it also raises concerns about privacy and over-reliance on technology. (Word count: 40)
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