北京市二十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期3月月考 英语试卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 北京市二十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期3月月考 英语试卷（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-09 15:46:55 | ||
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北京市二十中学2024-2025学年高一下学期3月月考英语试题
一、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first 1 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 2 , he was struggling against many obstacles. His family was poor. His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 3 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities because he didn’t have the time or the clothes. He had only one good suit. He tried for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too light. During this period Dale was slowly 4 an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could prevent him from achieving his real potential. She 5 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 6 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 7 made it. This proved to be a 8 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in 9 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, in turn, were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to 10 his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to express an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, through it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do, and so could others.
1．A．admitted B．filled C．recognized D．supplied
2．A．assignment B．instruction C．advantage D．education
3．A．during B．between C．over D．through
4．A．gaining B．achieving C．obtaining D．developing
5．A．demanded B．suggested C．inspected D．insisted
6．A．practice B．presence C．passion D．potential
7．A．hopefully B．immediately C．naturally D．finally
8．A．key B．breaking C．turning D．basic
9．A．speech B．football C．horse-riding D．farming
10．A．overcome B．convey C．approach D．possess
二、语法填空（本大题共3小题）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Basketball hero Kobe Bryant’s death has drawn an outpouring of shock and 11 (sad) across China. Basketball fans in China are now sad after learning that the former Los Angeles Lakers’ 18-time NBA All Star had died at the age of 41 in a helicopter crash 12 Sunday in California. Bryant was among nine people on board, including his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, 13 all died in the disaster that occurred in the heavy fog.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
2015 was the year 14 Tu Youyou’s team found malaria treatment. She is renowned for discovering artemisinin, 15 is widely used in malaria-endemic regions. Today, the discovery is recognized as a milestone in medical history, particularly because in her cure for malaria, traditional approaches 16 (combine) creatively with modern science. Her perseverance in challenging environments shows her dedication to scientific progress.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Amundsen was the first 17 (leave) on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges 18 (break) down and then the horses began to have serious 19 (difficult) with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges 20 (they) .
三、阅读理解（本大题共6小题）
Stories Behind Famous Company Names
Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.
This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.
Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.
The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.
21．Which company name has a close relationship with literature
A．Pepsi B．Cadillac
C．Starbucks D．Rolex
22．Which of the following statements is True
A．Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.
B．Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.
C．Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.
D．Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown.
23．From the passage, we can learn that .
A．a famous company name is easy to spell
B．a special story can make a company famous
C．a company name usually has a special meaning in it
D．a company name is related to the founder’s profession
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
24．Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ______.
A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer
C．escape from ocean currents D．find much more fish
25．When Din was found in 2011 ______.
A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach
C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers
26．What can we learn about Joao from the passage
A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.
B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C．His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
27．The story in the passage mainly shows ______.
A．the environmental impact on wildlife
B．the love between humans and wildlife
C．the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans
D．the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
In 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.
“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”
Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.
But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.
Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidi cation, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidi cation is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.
The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.
As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.
28．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The author’s feelings to the ocean. B．Cameron’s movies and remarks.
C．The author’s discoveries under the sea. D．Cameron’s observation and concern.
29．What can we infer from the passage
A．Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.
B．More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.
C．Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.
D．Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.
30．What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Decreases. B．Destruction.
C．Diseases. D．Discrimination.
31．Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago
A．To call on people to protect sea animals.
B．To compare current situations with the past.
C．To explain how serious the ocean problem is.
D．To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.
The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn’t back it up.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the world’s volcanoes, both on land and undersea, generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than one percent of those generated by today’s human activities.
Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years. “If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes — one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”
Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt.St. Helens in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere (平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth’s atmosphere. SO2, which converts to sulfuric acid aerosol, when it hits the stratosphere, can linger there for as long as seven years and can exercise a cooling effect long after a volcanic eruption has taken place.
Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt. Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later, even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the 1991 — 1993 study period.
In an interesting twist on the issue, British researchers last year published an article in the peer reviewed scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.
32．According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that .
A．their opinion is supported by science
B．volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases
C．human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases
D．carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing
33．What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sudden increases. B．Smooth trends.
C．Stable regularities. D．Sharp declines.
34．The purpose of the passage is to .
A．compare the results of the studies
B．contradict a view held by some people
C．present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon
D．report the effects of CO2, in greenhouse phenomenon
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 35
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 36
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 37 These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
38 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 39 They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A．Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B．That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C．So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D．For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E．Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F．Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G．They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When 16-year-old Violet Brill looks out her window, she doesn’t see only grass and trees—she sees a great meal. Her father, famous plant expert Steve “Wildman” Brill, carried her along on his foraging(觅食)tours from the time she was a little girl.
In the past decade or so, a renewed interest in foraging for edible(可食用的) plants has begun to appear—an interest that has truly blossomed recently.
“I think we’ve had a lot of time to get outdoors, and look around,” says Adele Nozedar, author of Foraging for Kids. “There is rapid growth in foraging in the past year.”
Kids are natural-born foragers. Take them out into the woods and they’ll happily gather fallen leaves, or root around in the undergrowth for hidden treasures. Foraging is definitely a gateway to nature. Kids learn quickly that it’s not just a bunch of green stuff outside. All those plants have a purpose.
And by encouraging a love of nature, foraging also encourages a love of the environment. “Having a strong connection to the land means you’re more likely to protect it,” says Dave Hamilton, author of Family Foraging. “And you can’t get much more connected to the land than eating from it.”
Plus, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters: When kids search for and pick their own food, they’re more likely to be invested in it. Foraging for wild edibles encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods—especially kids who tend to turn their noses up at the vegetables on their plates.
For instance, Hamilton remembers taking a group of boys camping and asking them to gather enough lambsquarters for dinner. They came back with three days’ worth of the greens, which he turned into a pesto(青酱).
“They absolutely loved it,” he says. “There’s something empowering about finding your own food, especially for kids.”
40．What interest has begun to appear recently
41．According to Dave, what is the benefit of foraging
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents of picky eaters welcome foraging because the foraged foods are new and nutritious.
43．In addition to the benefits mentioned in this passage, what do you think are some other benefits of foraging (In about 40 words)
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
44．假设你是高一学生李华，请认真阅读下面的聊天记录，针对网友Jim的问题给他回复，词数100左右：
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．A
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dale Carnegie从不为人知到享有国际声誉的成功故事。他年轻时很不自信，后来听从了母亲的建议，学习演讲从而获得自信，最终成为成功的演说家。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在1906年，当年轻的Dale还是Warrensburg州State Teachers College的一名大三学生时，他就意识到了这种需求。A. admitted承认；B. filled装满；C. recognized认识到，意识到；D. supplied供应。前文“Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.”提到Dale找到了一种满足人类普遍需求的方法，因此此处指他很早就意识到了这种需求。故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了获得教育，他与许多困难作斗争。A. assignment任务；B. instruction指导，指示；C. advantage优势；D. education教育。根据后文“His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，他的父亲支付不起他大学的车费，因此Dale不得不骑马12英里去上课，因此他为了获得教育，与困难作斗争。故选D项。
3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他必须在农活间隙中学习。A. during在……期间；B. between在……之间；C. over超过；D. through凭借，穿过。根据前文“he was struggling against many obstacles. His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，Dale生活条件很差，所以必须在农活间隙中学习，故应用介词between。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，Dale慢慢地产生了一种自卑感，他的母亲知道这可能会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A. gaining获得；B. achieving实现；C. obtaining获得，得到；D. developing发展，出现（问题），产生。根据前文“He withdrew from many school activities because he didn’t have the time or the clothes. He had only one good suit. He tried for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too light.”可知，Dale不能参加学校活动，想参加足球队，但教练却认为他太轻了，从而拒绝了他，因此他慢慢地产生了一种自卑感。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议Dale加入辩论队，因为她相信练习演讲能给他所需的自信和认可。A. demanded要求；B. suggested建议；C. inspected检查，审视；D. insisted坚持。根据后文“Dale took his mother’s advice”可知，Dale听从了母亲的建议，故此处指母亲建议Dale加入辩论队。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. practice练习，锻炼；B. presence存在，在场；C. passion热情；D. potential潜力。根据后文“tried desperately and after several attempts 1 made it.”以及“in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，演讲中的锻炼能使Dale变得自信。故选A项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：听从了 母亲的建议，拼命地努力，在几次尝试后，终于，成功了。A. hopefully有希望地；B. immediately立刻，马上；C. naturally自然地；D. finally终于。根据前文“Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts”可知，他非常努力，因此最终，他成功了。故选D项。
8．考查形容词/动名词词义辨析。句意：这被证明是他人生的转折点。A. key关键的；B. breaking破坏；C. turning转弯，转身；D. basic基础的。根据后文“Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed.”可知，在一群人面前讲话的确帮助他获得了他所需要的自信，因此这是Dale人生的转折点，他从此走向成功，固定短语turning point“转折点”符合语境。breaking point意为“（问题难以遏制的）顶点，极限”。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Dale进入高年级时，他赢得了所有演讲方面的最高荣誉。A. speech演讲；B. football足球；C. horse-riding骑马；D. farming务农，耕种。根据前文“Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed.”可知，Dale练习演讲，获得了所需的自信，所以赢得了演讲方面的最高荣誉。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在早期克服自卑感的挣扎中，Dale开始明白，向观众表达想法的能力可以建立一个人的自信。A. overcome克服；B. convey传达；C. approach靠近；D. possess拥有。根据前文“During this period Dale was slowly 2 an inferiority complex (自卑感)”可知，Dale之前产生了自卑感，因此在刚开始练习时，Dale要克服自卑感。故选A项。
【答案】11．sadness 12．on 13．who
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了篮球英雄科比·布莱恩特的去世对中国球迷来说是一件令人震惊且悲痛的事情。
【解析】11．考查名词。句意：篮球英雄科比·布莱恩特的去世在中国引发了震惊与悲痛的浪潮。此处作宾语，故应用不可数名词“sadness伤心，悲痛”，故填sadness。
12．考查介词。句意：中国篮球迷们得知这位前洛杉矶湖人队18次NBA全明星成员于周日（41岁）在加利福尼亚州的直升机坠毁事故中遇难后，陷入悲痛。此处指“在周日”，在具体的某一天应用介词on，故填on。
13．考查定语从句。句意：布莱恩特在飞机失事人员之中，机上共有九人，包括他13岁的女儿吉安娜，他们全部在那场浓雾中发生的灾难中遇难。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为nine people，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用who引导，故填who。
【答案】14．when 15．which 16．are combined
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了屠呦呦团队于2015年找到治疗疟疾的方法并介绍了这一方法的优点。
【解析】14．考查定语从句。句意：2015年是屠呦呦团队发现疟疾治疗方法的那一年。此处引导定语从句，先行词为2015，在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句，故填when。
15．考查定语从句。句意：她因发现青蒿素而闻名，青蒿素被广泛应用于疟疾盛行的地区。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为artemisinin，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
16．考查时态和语态。句意：如今，这一发现被认作是医学历史上的里程碑，尤其是因为在她治疗疟疾的方法中，将传统方法与现代科学创造性地结合起来。此处作谓语动词，主语为traditional approaches，为复数，与combine之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填are combined。
【答案】17．to leave 18．broke 19．difficulties 20．themselves
【分析】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Amundsen和Scott在离开的路上所遇到的困难。
【解析】17．考查非谓语动词。句意：Amundsen是1911年9月8日第一个离开的人 。根据空前的the first，此处应用不定式to do结构作定语，修饰the first，故填to leave。
18．考查时态。句意：首先，他的两个雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his two sledges，与break down之间为主动关系，且根据后文began可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故填broke。
19．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作宾语，故应用名词，have difficulty in doing意为“做某事有困难”，且根据空后的the snow and the cold可知，困难不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式，故填difficulties。
20．考查代词。句意：一会儿之后，Scott和他的人不得不自己推雪橇。此处作宾语，且主语与宾语一致，指“他们自己”，故应用反身代词，故填themselves。
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C
【分析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。
【解析】21．细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
22．细节理解题。由Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdorf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它 ，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
23．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家Antonie Laumet De La Mothe Cadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅丁每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。同时，专家也表示担忧气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。可知，每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是为了去见他的救命恩人。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength.这只企鹅浑身是油，很快就没命了。若昂救了这只企鹅，给它取名为丁，清理掉它羽毛上的油污，每天喂它吃鱼来恢复体力。可知，2011年当Din被发现时，他已经奄奄一息了。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.” “我爱这只企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信这只企鹅也爱我，”若昂告诉环球电视台。“他不许别人碰他。如果他们这样做了，他就会啄他们。他躺在我的腿上，让我给他洗澡，让我喂他。”可知，若昂的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。以及最后一段中But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness. 但在这件事上，由于乔的好意，当局允许丁和他呆在一起。可知，本文主要是讲述了若昂和企鹅丁之间相处的故事，体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。故选B项。
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．B 31．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章由詹姆斯·卡梅隆的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视。
【解析】28．主旨大意题。前两段讲述了大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾。他发声称“Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”。这正是他的所观所想。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries”可知，塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的。故选B项。
30．词义猜测题。A. Decreases减少B. Destruction破坏C. Diseases疾病D. Discrimination歧视。分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。第五段最后一句“Indeed, ocean acidi cation is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性。故选C项。
【答案】32．B 33．A 34．B
【分析】本文为议论文。文章用事实来反驳多年来人们认为火山产生了大部分的温室气体的观点。
【解析】32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The argument that human-caused carbon emissions(排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years.(多年来，与火山产生的温室气体相比，人类造成的碳排放量只是沧海一粟的言论一直在坊间流传。)”可推知，一些人认为是火山产生了大部分的温室气体，而不是人类的行为。故选B。
33．猜测词义题。根据文章第三段划线词spikes所在的句子“If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes — one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”(一个网络环境新闻的作者Coby Beck说道：“如果个别火山爆发时二氧化碳高于人类的排放，并导致二氧化碳浓度的增加，那么每一次火山喷发都会充满“spikes”，相反的是，记录显示出二氧化碳浓度增加是“平稳而有规律的”。)”可知，句中的“instead”表示转折，表示前后意思相反。环境新闻的记者Coby Beck说二氧化碳浓度的增加“记录显示出平稳的”，那么，“spikes”应该就是与之相反的“突然”的增加。A. Sudden increases突然增加；B. Smooth trends平稳的趋势；C. Stable regularities稳定的规律；D. Sharp declines急剧下降。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn’t back it up.(多年来，与火山产生的温室气体相比，人类造成的碳排放量只是沧海一粟的言论一直在坊间流传。尽管它似乎是合理的，但科学却不支持这一观点。)”可知，本文第一段提出了坊间流传的科学并不支持的观点，下文对此进行批判的同时提出了新的发现，即火山的爆发却能一定程度地导致全球温度下降，起到冷却作用。即反驳了某些人的观点。这篇文章的目的是反驳一些人所持的观点。故选B。
【答案】35．C 36．G 37．F 38．A 39．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。
【解析】35．上文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land available for farming一致，故选C。
36．上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use these skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。
37．上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。
38．设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。
39．上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。
【答案】40．An interest in foraging for edible plants has begun to appear recently. 41．Foraging can encourage kids to protect the environment. 42．According to the passage, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters because it encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods. 43．Foraging together with family can lead a more harmonious relationship between parents and children.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了寻找野生食物活动的好处。
【解析】40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“In the past decade or so, a renewed interest in foraging for edible(可食用的) plants has begun to appear—an interest that has truly blossomed recently.(在过去十年左右的时间里，人们对寻找可食植物的兴趣重新燃起，这一兴趣最近才真正兴起)”可知，最近人们开始对可食用植物感兴趣。故答案为An interest in foraging for edible plants has begun to appear recently。
41．考查细节理解。根据第五段中Dave说的话“Having a strong connection to the land means you’re more likely to protect it(与土地有紧密的联系意味着你更有可能去保护它)”可知，寻找野生食物活动的好处是可以鼓励孩子们保护环境。故答案为Foraging can encourage kids to protect the environment。
42．考查细节理解。根据第六段“Foraging for wild edibles encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods—especially kids who tend to turn their noses up at the vegetables on their plates.(寻找野生食物会鼓励孩子们尝试新的营养食品，尤其是那些对盘子里的蔬菜嗤之以鼻的孩子)”可知，“Parents of picky eaters welcome foraging because the foraged foods are new and nutritious.”中“because the foraged foods are new and nutritious”是错误的，挑食者的父母喜欢寻找野生食物这种方式是因为可以让孩子尝试新鲜的有营养的食物。故答案为According to the passage, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters because it encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods。
43．开放题。本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：Foraging together with family can lead a more harmonious relationship between parents and children（与家人一起寻找野生食物可以使父母和孩子之间的关系更加和谐）。
44．【答案】 Dear Jim,
Well, I’d be more than happy to share some tips with you. It is of crucial importance to stay calm and try to keep a clear mind in any emergency situation. For fires, remember the escape route, avoid using elevators, and use wet cloths to cover your mouth and nose if necessary. In case of an earthquake, find a safe spot under a sturdy piece of furniture like a table, and protect your head from falling objects. It's also important to have an emergency kit ready at home with essentials like water, food, and a flashlight.
The course was really eye-opening and informative. It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters. I feel more confident that I can handle unexpected situations now.
Stay safe and prepared, too!
Yours
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给Jim回复关于如何在紧急情况下保护自己以及对此课程的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
建议：tips→suggestions/advice/recommendations
重要的：important→significant/necessary
高兴的：happy→delighted/cheerful
处理：handle→deal with/address
2.句式拓展：
原句：The course was really eye-opening and informative. It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.
拓展句：The course was not only eye-opening but also informative, which made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.(运用了how引导宾语从句，it作形式主语和what引导宾语从句。)
【高分句型2】
It is of crucial importance to stay calm and try to keep a clear mind in any emergency situation.(运用了it作形式主语，不定式to do作真正的主语。)
一、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first 1 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 2 , he was struggling against many obstacles. His family was poor. His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 3 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities because he didn’t have the time or the clothes. He had only one good suit. He tried for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too light. During this period Dale was slowly 4 an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could prevent him from achieving his real potential. She 5 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 6 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 7 made it. This proved to be a 8 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed. By the time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in 9 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they, in turn, were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to 10 his feelings of inferiority, Dale came to understand that the ability to express an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence. And, through it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do, and so could others.
1．A．admitted B．filled C．recognized D．supplied
2．A．assignment B．instruction C．advantage D．education
3．A．during B．between C．over D．through
4．A．gaining B．achieving C．obtaining D．developing
5．A．demanded B．suggested C．inspected D．insisted
6．A．practice B．presence C．passion D．potential
7．A．hopefully B．immediately C．naturally D．finally
8．A．key B．breaking C．turning D．basic
9．A．speech B．football C．horse-riding D．farming
10．A．overcome B．convey C．approach D．possess
二、语法填空（本大题共3小题）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Basketball hero Kobe Bryant’s death has drawn an outpouring of shock and 11 (sad) across China. Basketball fans in China are now sad after learning that the former Los Angeles Lakers’ 18-time NBA All Star had died at the age of 41 in a helicopter crash 12 Sunday in California. Bryant was among nine people on board, including his 13-year-old daughter Gianna, 13 all died in the disaster that occurred in the heavy fog.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
2015 was the year 14 Tu Youyou’s team found malaria treatment. She is renowned for discovering artemisinin, 15 is widely used in malaria-endemic regions. Today, the discovery is recognized as a milestone in medical history, particularly because in her cure for malaria, traditional approaches 16 (combine) creatively with modern science. Her perseverance in challenging environments shows her dedication to scientific progress.
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。
Amundsen was the first 17 (leave) on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis. Because of this, he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems. First, his two sledges 18 (break) down and then the horses began to have serious 19 (difficult) with the snow and the cold. After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges 20 (they) .
三、阅读理解（本大题共6小题）
Stories Behind Famous Company Names
Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.
This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.
Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.
The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.
21．Which company name has a close relationship with literature
A．Pepsi B．Cadillac
C．Starbucks D．Rolex
22．Which of the following statements is True
A．Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.
B．Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.
C．Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.
D．Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown.
23．From the passage, we can learn that .
A．a famous company name is easy to spell
B．a special story can make a company famous
C．a company name usually has a special meaning in it
D．a company name is related to the founder’s profession
This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
24．Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ______.
A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer
C．escape from ocean currents D．find much more fish
25．When Din was found in 2011 ______.
A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach
C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers
26．What can we learn about Joao from the passage
A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.
B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C．His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
27．The story in the passage mainly shows ______.
A．the environmental impact on wildlife
B．the love between humans and wildlife
C．the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans
D．the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
In 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep. When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and taking photos and samples.
“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says. “And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”
Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) them—either directly or indirectly—could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact animal populations.
But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.
Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean acidi cation, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say, has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidi cation is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.
The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by 2100.
As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.
28．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A．The author’s feelings to the ocean. B．Cameron’s movies and remarks.
C．The author’s discoveries under the sea. D．Cameron’s observation and concern.
29．What can we infer from the passage
A．Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.
B．More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.
C．Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.
D．Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.
30．What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Decreases. B．Destruction.
C．Diseases. D．Discrimination.
31．Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago
A．To call on people to protect sea animals.
B．To compare current situations with the past.
C．To explain how serious the ocean problem is.
D．To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.
The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn’t back it up.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), the world’s volcanoes, both on land and undersea, generate about 200 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually, while our automotive and industrial activities cause some 24 billion tons of CO2 emissions every year worldwide. Despite the arguments to the contrary, the facts speak for themselves: Greenhouse gas emissions from volcanoes compose less than one percent of those generated by today’s human activities.
Another indication that human emissions surpass those of volcanoes is the fact that atmospheric CO2 levels, as measured by sampling stations around the world, have gone up consistently year after year regardless of whether or not there have been major volcanic eruptions in specific years. “If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes — one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”
Furthermore, some scientists believe that volcanic eruptions, like that of Mt.St. Helens in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo in 1991, actually lead to short-term global cooling, not warming, as sulfur dioxide (SO2), ash and other particles in the air and stratosphere (平流层) reflect some solar energy instead of letting it into Earth’s atmosphere. SO2, which converts to sulfuric acid aerosol, when it hits the stratosphere, can linger there for as long as seven years and can exercise a cooling effect long after a volcanic eruption has taken place.
Scientists tracking the effects of the major 1991 eruption of the Philippines’ Mt. Pinatubo found that the overall effect of the blast was to cool the surface of the Earth globally by some 0.5 degrees Celsius a year later, even though rising human greenhouse gas emissions and an El Nino event caused some surface warming during the 1991 — 1993 study period.
In an interesting twist on the issue, British researchers last year published an article in the peer reviewed scientific journal Nature showing how volcanic activity may be contributing to the melting of ice caps in Antarctica but not because of any emissions, natural or man-made. Instead, scientists Hugh Corr and David Vaughan of the British Antarctic Survey believe that volcanoes underneath Antarctica may be melting the continents ice sheets from below, just as warming air temperatures from human-induced emissions erode them from above.
32．According to Paragraph 1, some people argue that .
A．their opinion is supported by science
B．volcanoes generate most of the greenhouse gases
C．human activities are to blame for greenhouse gases
D．carbon emissions produced by volcanoes are increasing
33．What does the underlined word “spikes” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Sudden increases. B．Smooth trends.
C．Stable regularities. D．Sharp declines.
34．The purpose of the passage is to .
A．compare the results of the studies
B．contradict a view held by some people
C．present new findings for greenhouse phenomenon
D．report the effects of CO2, in greenhouse phenomenon
Farms of the Future
Skyscrapers(摩天大楼) are the ultimate symbol of urban life. By 2050, almost 80 percent of the earth’s population could live in cities. The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same. 35
Vertical farms, where farmers could grow crops in environmentally friendly skyscrapers, could be the solution. In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops. 36
Vertical farms would have many advantages, experts say. The food would be grown with minimal effects on the environment. Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment. 37 These have been well recognized.
Growing prosperity has led to many people demanding that all foods are available all year round. Indoor farming could produce crops constantly and crops would not suffer from weather-related problems like drought or flooding. In addition, the use of agricultural chemicals for controlling insects would be minimal.
38 They point out that although crops growing in a tall glass building would get natural sunlight during the day, it wouldn’t be enough. The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables. 39 They would need additional light sources.
Experts agree that the new farming practices are needed to support the planet’s need for more and more food at affordable costs, both to the farmer and to the consumer. Vertical farms may be a small-scale answer, but the best ideas could be yet to come.
A．Still, there are some people who are critical of vertical farms.
B．That is where vertical farms are often needed for year-round crops.
C．So how to meet the increasing food needs of our planet could be a big problem.
D．For these reasons, natural light cannot be a workable solution for vertical farms.
E．Vertically grown food is grown in environmentally controlled conditions in big cities.
F．Those farms would also reduce the cost and negative effects of transporting food over distances.
G．They believe that we can increase the food production by changing our thinking from out to up.
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
When 16-year-old Violet Brill looks out her window, she doesn’t see only grass and trees—she sees a great meal. Her father, famous plant expert Steve “Wildman” Brill, carried her along on his foraging(觅食)tours from the time she was a little girl.
In the past decade or so, a renewed interest in foraging for edible(可食用的) plants has begun to appear—an interest that has truly blossomed recently.
“I think we’ve had a lot of time to get outdoors, and look around,” says Adele Nozedar, author of Foraging for Kids. “There is rapid growth in foraging in the past year.”
Kids are natural-born foragers. Take them out into the woods and they’ll happily gather fallen leaves, or root around in the undergrowth for hidden treasures. Foraging is definitely a gateway to nature. Kids learn quickly that it’s not just a bunch of green stuff outside. All those plants have a purpose.
And by encouraging a love of nature, foraging also encourages a love of the environment. “Having a strong connection to the land means you’re more likely to protect it,” says Dave Hamilton, author of Family Foraging. “And you can’t get much more connected to the land than eating from it.”
Plus, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters: When kids search for and pick their own food, they’re more likely to be invested in it. Foraging for wild edibles encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods—especially kids who tend to turn their noses up at the vegetables on their plates.
For instance, Hamilton remembers taking a group of boys camping and asking them to gather enough lambsquarters for dinner. They came back with three days’ worth of the greens, which he turned into a pesto(青酱).
“They absolutely loved it,” he says. “There’s something empowering about finding your own food, especially for kids.”
40．What interest has begun to appear recently
41．According to Dave, what is the benefit of foraging
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Parents of picky eaters welcome foraging because the foraged foods are new and nutritious.
43．In addition to the benefits mentioned in this passage, what do you think are some other benefits of foraging (In about 40 words)
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
44．假设你是高一学生李华，请认真阅读下面的聊天记录，针对网友Jim的问题给他回复，词数100左右：
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参考答案
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．A
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dale Carnegie从不为人知到享有国际声誉的成功故事。他年轻时很不自信，后来听从了母亲的建议，学习演讲从而获得自信，最终成为成功的演说家。
【解析】1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早在1906年，当年轻的Dale还是Warrensburg州State Teachers College的一名大三学生时，他就意识到了这种需求。A. admitted承认；B. filled装满；C. recognized认识到，意识到；D. supplied供应。前文“Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.”提到Dale找到了一种满足人类普遍需求的方法，因此此处指他很早就意识到了这种需求。故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了获得教育，他与许多困难作斗争。A. assignment任务；B. instruction指导，指示；C. advantage优势；D. education教育。根据后文“His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，他的父亲支付不起他大学的车费，因此Dale不得不骑马12英里去上课，因此他为了获得教育，与困难作斗争。故选D项。
3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他必须在农活间隙中学习。A. during在……期间；B. between在……之间；C. over超过；D. through凭借，穿过。根据前文“he was struggling against many obstacles. His Dad couldn’t afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.”可知，Dale生活条件很差，所以必须在农活间隙中学习，故应用介词between。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这段时间里，Dale慢慢地产生了一种自卑感，他的母亲知道这可能会阻碍他发挥真正的潜力。A. gaining获得；B. achieving实现；C. obtaining获得，得到；D. developing发展，出现（问题），产生。根据前文“He withdrew from many school activities because he didn’t have the time or the clothes. He had only one good suit. He tried for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too light.”可知，Dale不能参加学校活动，想参加足球队，但教练却认为他太轻了，从而拒绝了他，因此他慢慢地产生了一种自卑感。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她建议Dale加入辩论队，因为她相信练习演讲能给他所需的自信和认可。A. demanded要求；B. suggested建议；C. inspected检查，审视；D. insisted坚持。根据后文“Dale took his mother’s advice”可知，Dale听从了母亲的建议，故此处指母亲建议Dale加入辩论队。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. practice练习，锻炼；B. presence存在，在场；C. passion热情；D. potential潜力。根据后文“tried desperately and after several attempts 1 made it.”以及“in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed”可知，演讲中的锻炼能使Dale变得自信。故选A项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：听从了 母亲的建议，拼命地努力，在几次尝试后，终于，成功了。A. hopefully有希望地；B. immediately立刻，马上；C. naturally自然地；D. finally终于。根据前文“Dale took his mother’s advice, tried desperately and after several attempts”可知，他非常努力，因此最终，他成功了。故选D项。
8．考查形容词/动名词词义辨析。句意：这被证明是他人生的转折点。A. key关键的；B. breaking破坏；C. turning转弯，转身；D. basic基础的。根据后文“Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed.”可知，在一群人面前讲话的确帮助他获得了他所需要的自信，因此这是Dale人生的转折点，他从此走向成功，固定短语turning point“转折点”符合语境。breaking point意为“（问题难以遏制的）顶点，极限”。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Dale进入高年级时，他赢得了所有演讲方面的最高荣誉。A. speech演讲；B. football足球；C. horse-riding骑马；D. farming务农，耕种。根据前文“Speaking before groups did help him gain the confidence he needed.”可知，Dale练习演讲，获得了所需的自信，所以赢得了演讲方面的最高荣誉。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在早期克服自卑感的挣扎中，Dale开始明白，向观众表达想法的能力可以建立一个人的自信。A. overcome克服；B. convey传达；C. approach靠近；D. possess拥有。根据前文“During this period Dale was slowly 2 an inferiority complex (自卑感)”可知，Dale之前产生了自卑感，因此在刚开始练习时，Dale要克服自卑感。故选A项。
【答案】11．sadness 12．on 13．who
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了篮球英雄科比·布莱恩特的去世对中国球迷来说是一件令人震惊且悲痛的事情。
【解析】11．考查名词。句意：篮球英雄科比·布莱恩特的去世在中国引发了震惊与悲痛的浪潮。此处作宾语，故应用不可数名词“sadness伤心，悲痛”，故填sadness。
12．考查介词。句意：中国篮球迷们得知这位前洛杉矶湖人队18次NBA全明星成员于周日（41岁）在加利福尼亚州的直升机坠毁事故中遇难后，陷入悲痛。此处指“在周日”，在具体的某一天应用介词on，故填on。
13．考查定语从句。句意：布莱恩特在飞机失事人员之中，机上共有九人，包括他13岁的女儿吉安娜，他们全部在那场浓雾中发生的灾难中遇难。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为nine people，指人，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用who引导，故填who。
【答案】14．when 15．which 16．are combined
【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了屠呦呦团队于2015年找到治疗疟疾的方法并介绍了这一方法的优点。
【解析】14．考查定语从句。句意：2015年是屠呦呦团队发现疟疾治疗方法的那一年。此处引导定语从句，先行词为2015，在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导定语从句，故填when。
15．考查定语从句。句意：她因发现青蒿素而闻名，青蒿素被广泛应用于疟疾盛行的地区。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为artemisinin，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故应用which引导，故填which。
16．考查时态和语态。句意：如今，这一发现被认作是医学历史上的里程碑，尤其是因为在她治疗疟疾的方法中，将传统方法与现代科学创造性地结合起来。此处作谓语动词，主语为traditional approaches，为复数，与combine之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填are combined。
【答案】17．to leave 18．broke 19．difficulties 20．themselves
【分析】本文为一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Amundsen和Scott在离开的路上所遇到的困难。
【解析】17．考查非谓语动词。句意：Amundsen是1911年9月8日第一个离开的人 。根据空前的the first，此处应用不定式to do结构作定语，修饰the first，故填to leave。
18．考查时态。句意：首先，他的两个雪橇坏了，然后马开始在雪和寒冷中遇到严重的困难。此处作谓语动词，主语为his two sledges，与break down之间为主动关系，且根据后文began可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故填broke。
19．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作宾语，故应用名词，have difficulty in doing意为“做某事有困难”，且根据空后的the snow and the cold可知，困难不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式，故填difficulties。
20．考查代词。句意：一会儿之后，Scott和他的人不得不自己推雪橇。此处作宾语，且主语与宾语一致，指“他们自己”，故应用反身代词，故填themselves。
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C
【分析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。
【解析】21．细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
22．细节理解题。由Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdorf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它 ，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
23．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家Antonie Laumet De La Mothe Cadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．B
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅丁每年都要游5000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。同时，专家也表示担忧气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害。
【解析】24．细节理解题。根据第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。可知，每年丁都要长途游泳到巴西的海滩是为了去见他的救命恩人。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength.这只企鹅浑身是油，很快就没命了。若昂救了这只企鹅，给它取名为丁，清理掉它羽毛上的油污，每天喂它吃鱼来恢复体力。可知，2011年当Din被发现时，他已经奄奄一息了。故选A项。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.” “我爱这只企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信这只企鹅也爱我，”若昂告诉环球电视台。“他不许别人碰他。如果他们这样做了，他就会啄他们。他躺在我的腿上，让我给他洗澡，让我喂他。”可知，若昂的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段中This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. 这只南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅每年都要游5000英里，游到巴西的一个海滩，为了和救了它命的人团聚。以及最后一段中But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness. 但在这件事上，由于乔的好意，当局允许丁和他呆在一起。可知，本文主要是讲述了若昂和企鹅丁之间相处的故事，体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。故选B项。
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．B 31．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章由詹姆斯·卡梅隆的一次潜航经历引入，从气候变化、环境污染等不同方面描述了海洋生态系统正在遭受的巨大破坏，告诫人们提高对海洋环境的重视。
【解析】28．主旨大意题。前两段讲述了大导演卡梅隆潜航至世界上海洋最深处，却看到了许多塑料垃圾。他发声称“Unless this changes, ocean ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”意为“如果还不做出改变，海洋生态系统将会继续崩塌下去”。这正是他的所观所想。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“Plastic waste in the ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture, which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries”可知，塑料垃圾的影响显而易见但也不能忽视其他废物排泄对海洋造成的影响，人们对海洋污染的关注仅仅着眼于塑料垃圾是远远不够的。故选B项。
30．词义猜测题。A. Decreases减少B. Destruction破坏C. Diseases疾病D. Discrimination歧视。分析划线词所在句子可知，一些生物难以生长甲壳和骨骼，许多的处于食物链底端的生物生存也十分艰难，这对整个生态系统无疑是造成破坏的。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。第五段最后一句“Indeed, ocean acidi cation is thought to have played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.”提及了两亿五千二百万年前的物种大灭绝，海洋酸化在其中扮演了重要角色，时下我们面临的情况也在朝着这个方向演进，这正是在说明情况的严峻性。故选C项。
【答案】32．B 33．A 34．B
【分析】本文为议论文。文章用事实来反驳多年来人们认为火山产生了大部分的温室气体的观点。
【解析】32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The argument that human-caused carbon emissions(排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years.(多年来，与火山产生的温室气体相比，人类造成的碳排放量只是沧海一粟的言论一直在坊间流传。)”可推知，一些人认为是火山产生了大部分的温室气体，而不是人类的行为。故选B。
33．猜测词义题。根据文章第三段划线词spikes所在的句子“If it were true that individual volcanic eruptions dominated human emissions and were causing the rise in carbon dioxide concentrations, then these carbon dioxide records would be full of spikes — one for each eruption,” says Coby Beck, a journalist writing for online environmental news. “Instead, such records show a smooth and regular trend.”(一个网络环境新闻的作者Coby Beck说道：“如果个别火山爆发时二氧化碳高于人类的排放，并导致二氧化碳浓度的增加，那么每一次火山喷发都会充满“spikes”，相反的是，记录显示出二氧化碳浓度增加是“平稳而有规律的”。)”可知，句中的“instead”表示转折，表示前后意思相反。环境新闻的记者Coby Beck说二氧化碳浓度的增加“记录显示出平稳的”，那么，“spikes”应该就是与之相反的“突然”的增加。A. Sudden increases突然增加；B. Smooth trends平稳的趋势；C. Stable regularities稳定的规律；D. Sharp declines急剧下降。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The argument that human-caused carbon emissions (排放) are merely a drop in the bucket compared to greenhouse gases generated by volcanoes has been making its way around the rumor mill for years. And while it seems to be reasonable, the science just doesn’t back it up.(多年来，与火山产生的温室气体相比，人类造成的碳排放量只是沧海一粟的言论一直在坊间流传。尽管它似乎是合理的，但科学却不支持这一观点。)”可知，本文第一段提出了坊间流传的科学并不支持的观点，下文对此进行批判的同时提出了新的发现，即火山的爆发却能一定程度地导致全球温度下降，起到冷却作用。即反驳了某些人的观点。这篇文章的目的是反驳一些人所持的观点。故选B。
【答案】35．C 36．G 37．F 38．A 39．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了未来城市里的垂直农场。
【解析】35．上文“The human population could increase to 9.1 billion people yet the amount of land available for farming will be the same.(人类人口可能增加到91亿人，但可供耕种的土地数量将保持不变。)”说明人口增加，但耕地面积不会增加，此处承接这一话题，说明这种趋势带来的影响，C项“因此，如何满足我们星球日益增长的粮食需求可能是一个大问题。”承接上文，C项中“increasing food needs”与上文human population和the amount of land available for farming一致，故选C。
36．上文“In spite of concerns over high costs, experts want to make these urban farms a reality and use these skyscrapers to grow crops.(尽管担心高成本，专家们还是想让这些城市农场成为现实，用这些摩天大楼来种植农作物。)”说明专家希望转变思路，G项“他们相信我们可以通过从外到上的思维方式来增加粮食产量。”概括上文内容，“changing our thinking from out to up”与上文“use these skyscrapers to grow crops”一致，故选G。
37．上文“Unlike traditional farming, vertical farming would not force animals out of their habitats by taking over large areas of land, nor would it pollute the air with the use of heavy farming equipment.( 与传统农业不同，垂直农业不会占用大片土地，迫使动物离开它们的栖息地，也不会因为使用重型农业设备而污染空气。)”说明了垂直农业的优点，F项also是关键词，与上文是病了补充关系，“这些农场还可以减少长距离运输食物的成本和负面影响。”符合题意，补充说明垂直农场的优点。故选F。
38．设空处为段落主题句，根据下文内容“They point out that...The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(他们指出，虽然生长在高大的玻璃建筑里的作物在白天可以得到自然阳光，但这是不够的。离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明了部分人的观点，认为垂直种植的缺点也是很明显的，A项“尽管如此，还是有一些人对垂直农场持批评态度。”概括了下文内容，故选A。
39．上文“The plants closest to the windows would grow much more quickly than the plants further inside. The plants growing away from the windows may not produce as many or as high quality vegetables.(离窗户最近的植物比离窗户更远的植物长得更快。生长在远离窗户的植物可能不能生产出那么多或高质量的蔬菜。)”说明阳光对植物生长的重要性，空格处承上启下，下文“They would need additional light sources. (它们需要额外的光源)”说明问题所在。D项前半句“For these reasons”与上文讲的自然光对作物的影响一致，后半句“natural light cannot be a workable solution”与下文“need additional light sources”一致，故选D。
【答案】40．An interest in foraging for edible plants has begun to appear recently. 41．Foraging can encourage kids to protect the environment. 42．According to the passage, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters because it encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods. 43．Foraging together with family can lead a more harmonious relationship between parents and children.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了寻找野生食物活动的好处。
【解析】40．考查细节理解。根据第二段“In the past decade or so, a renewed interest in foraging for edible(可食用的) plants has begun to appear—an interest that has truly blossomed recently.(在过去十年左右的时间里，人们对寻找可食植物的兴趣重新燃起，这一兴趣最近才真正兴起)”可知，最近人们开始对可食用植物感兴趣。故答案为An interest in foraging for edible plants has begun to appear recently。
41．考查细节理解。根据第五段中Dave说的话“Having a strong connection to the land means you’re more likely to protect it(与土地有紧密的联系意味着你更有可能去保护它)”可知，寻找野生食物活动的好处是可以鼓励孩子们保护环境。故答案为Foraging can encourage kids to protect the environment。
42．考查细节理解。根据第六段“Foraging for wild edibles encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods—especially kids who tend to turn their noses up at the vegetables on their plates.(寻找野生食物会鼓励孩子们尝试新的营养食品，尤其是那些对盘子里的蔬菜嗤之以鼻的孩子)”可知，“Parents of picky eaters welcome foraging because the foraged foods are new and nutritious.”中“because the foraged foods are new and nutritious”是错误的，挑食者的父母喜欢寻找野生食物这种方式是因为可以让孩子尝试新鲜的有营养的食物。故答案为According to the passage, foraging brings good news for parents of picky eaters because it encourages kids to try new, nutritious foods。
43．开放题。本题为开放性试题，要求考生结合文章根据自己的见解进行作答，言之有理即可。供参考：Foraging together with family can lead a more harmonious relationship between parents and children（与家人一起寻找野生食物可以使父母和孩子之间的关系更加和谐）。
44．【答案】 Dear Jim,
Well, I’d be more than happy to share some tips with you. It is of crucial importance to stay calm and try to keep a clear mind in any emergency situation. For fires, remember the escape route, avoid using elevators, and use wet cloths to cover your mouth and nose if necessary. In case of an earthquake, find a safe spot under a sturdy piece of furniture like a table, and protect your head from falling objects. It's also important to have an emergency kit ready at home with essentials like water, food, and a flashlight.
The course was really eye-opening and informative. It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters. I feel more confident that I can handle unexpected situations now.
Stay safe and prepared, too!
Yours
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给Jim回复关于如何在紧急情况下保护自己以及对此课程的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
建议：tips→suggestions/advice/recommendations
重要的：important→significant/necessary
高兴的：happy→delighted/cheerful
处理：handle→deal with/address
2.句式拓展：
原句：The course was really eye-opening and informative. It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.
拓展句：The course was not only eye-opening but also informative, which made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
It made me realize how crucial it is to be prepared and know what to do during disasters.(运用了how引导宾语从句，it作形式主语和what引导宾语从句。)
【高分句型2】
It is of crucial importance to stay calm and try to keep a clear mind in any emergency situation.(运用了it作形式主语，不定式to do作真正的主语。)
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