2025年中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测 代词讲义（含解析）
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| 更新时间 | 2025-04-10 15:21:58 | ||
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（3）代词（知识精炼）——中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测
代词(Pronoun)是代替名词、名词短语或其他代词的词类，以避免重复并简化表达。其主要功能包括：(1)指代具体的人、事物或抽象概念(如： he 、 this 、 something )；(2)表示所有关系(如： my 、 theirs )或强调自身行为(如： myself )；(3)在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。
主要包含：人称代词(主格)，人称代词(宾格)，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，疑问代词，关系代词以及不定代词。
考点一、人称代词
人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they them
1. 人称代词主格在句中作主语
The light is bad here. I can't see clearly.
这儿的光线不好，我看不清。
2. 人称代词宾格在句中作宾语和表语
There was nobody to tell him, to hint him, to give him at least a word of advice.
没有人告诉他，或暗示他，或起码给他一句忠告。(宾语)
If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接受这个建议。(表语)
【易错点】在并列主语中，I总放在最后。
You and I 我和你
He and I 我和他
You, he and I 你我他
考点二、物主代词
种类 单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
形容词性 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语
She turned away her eyes. 她把目光移开。
2. 形容词性物主代词与own连用表强调
I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼所见。
3. 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Hers is a pretty colorless life.
她的生活是一种相当平淡的生活。(主语)
She would shut herself up in her room, Julio in his.
她常把自己关在房间里，朱利奥也是一样。 (宾语)
I knew that the house was hers. 我知道那房子是她的。(表语)
考点三、反身代词
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
1. 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等
They quarreled among themselves. 他们之间发生了争吵。(宾语)
Be yourself, please. 请自然一点。(表语)
The representatives of the strikers wanted to see the boss himself.
罢工工人的代表想要见老板本人。(同位语)
2. 反身代词与某些动词连用表示某种特定意义
Help yourself to some fruit. 请吃点水果。
He shaves himself once a day. 他一天刮一次脸。
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday 你昨天为何没去上学？
3. 反身代词用于某些固定习语中：
1) by oneself 独自干；单干。
I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成这件事的。
2) for oneself 替自己；为自己；自己。
We'll have to judge for ourselves. 我们得自己来判断。
3) of oneself 自动地。
The enemy will not perish of himself. 敌人不会自行绝灭的。
4) between ourselves 勿与外人道私下说的话。
All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。
5) among themselves ……之间。
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
6) in oneself 本性；自身。
He is not bad in himself. 他本质不坏。
考点四、相互代词
主要包含：each other, one another
1. 相互代词在句中用作宾语
We did not know each other before. 我们以前互不认识。
2. 相互代词在句中作定语
They looked into each other's eyes for a silent moment. 他们彼此一时相对无言。
3. 补充
在汉语中有时没有"相互""彼此"的词，而译成英语时却要使用相互代词。如：
They don't often see each other now. 他们现在不常见面。
Do you often write to one another 你们常通信吗？
They have known each other before. 他们以前就认识。
考点五、指示代词
单数 复数 含义
this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物
that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物
such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物
same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
1. 指示代词this，that，these，those在句作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等
Are these your books 这些是你的书吗？(主语)
I will keep this in mind. 我会记住这一点的。(宾语)
My idea is this. 这就是我的想法。(表语)
Do you know that man 你认识那个人吗？(定语)
The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。(状语)
2. 指示代词this和these指时间与空间上较近的事物，that和those指时间与空间上较远的事物
This building was built last year, that one was built many years ago. (表空间)
这栋大楼是去年建的，那栋是很多年前建的。
Those stars are too far away to be seen with naked eyes. (指空间)
那些星星离得太远，肉眼看不见。
During the whole of this time, Scrooge had acted like a man out of his wits. (表时间)
在整个这段时间，斯克鲁吉像是失魂落魄似的。
That stormy night, the witness was killed in the hospital. (表时间)
那个暴风雨之夜，证人在医院里被杀了。
3. that和those指代前面提到过的事物，this和these指代随后要讲的事物
That view point is proved to be wrong, and this is what people are thinking correct now.
(that指前，this指后)
那个观点被证明是错误的，下面才是人们认为正确的观点。
Those are the problems we should solve. (those指前)
这些就是我们应该解决的问题。
Written on the placard are these words: we want peace. (these指后)
牌子上写着这样一些字：我们要和平。
4. those作定语从句的先行词
Those who were present at the meeting were all celebrities.
出席会议的都是名流。
Those who are able to work were given jobs.
能工作的人都给分配了工作。
6. 指示代词such在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
Such is life. 生活就是这样。(主语)
Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such.
正是在圣诞节前他们需要帮手来布置圣诞树之类的东西。(宾语)
The waves were such as I never saw before.
这样的海浪，我从未见过。(表语)
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such plants before.
外宾说他们以前从未见过这类植物。(定语)
考点六、疑问代词和关系代词
格 指人 指物 指人或物
主格 who谁 what 什么 which 哪个，哪些
宾格 whom 谁
所有格 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 whose 谁的
(一)疑问代词的用法
1. who
who的意思是"谁"，是主格，通常作主语。
Who is that woman 那个妇女是谁？
Who are those people 那些人是谁？
2. whom
whom 的意思是"谁"，是宾格，在句中作宾语，常用于书面语中。
whom do you want to see 你想见谁？
Whom do you talk about 你们在谈论谁？(whom作介词about的宾语)
3. whose
1) whose的意思是"谁的"，属格，具有名词和形容词的性质。如：
Whose book is this 这是谁的书？(形容词性)
Whose is this book 这书是谁的？(名词性)
2) whose可在句中作如下成分。
作主语。如：Whose is better 谁的更好？
作表语。如：Whose are these pencils 这些铅笔是谁的？
作宾语。如：Whose are you going to borrow 你打算借谁的？
作定语。如：Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞
4. what
1) what的意思是"什么"，具有名词和形容词的性质。
What are you doing 你在做什么？(名词性)
What sport do you like best 你最喜欢的运动是什么？(形容词性)
2) what可在句中作如下成分。
作主语。
what's happening 发生了什么事？
作表语。
What is your mother 你母亲是干什么工作的？
作宾语。
What do you mean 你是什么意思？
What did you talk to him about 你和他说了什么？(介词宾语)
作定语。
What color do you like 你喜欢什么颜色？
6. which
which的意思是"哪个"，which在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分。
作主语。
This is my bag. Which is yours 这是我的书包，哪个是你的？
作表语。
Which is your favorite subject 你最喜欢哪个科目？
I can't tell which is which because they are so alike. 我分辨不出谁是谁，因为他们太像了。
作宾语。
Which do you like best 你最喜欢哪一个？
作定语。
Which glasses do you want 你想要哪些杯子？
Which platform does the London train leave 去伦敦的火车从哪个站台开出？
(二)关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分， 如主语、宾语、表语或定语。
This is the man who saved your son.
这就是救了你儿子的那个人。(who在从句中作主语，先行词是man)
The man whom I met yesterday is Jim．
我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆。(whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是man)
A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.
失去父母的孩子是孤儿。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是child)
He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.
他想要个窗户面临大海的房间。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是room)
1. who，whom和whose
who和whom代表人，在从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，可省略。但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时，不能省略；如介词位于句末时，可以省略。whose代表某人的，在从句中作定语。如：
The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides, never decides.
坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。(who作主语)
He is a man whom everybody respects.
他是一个人人都尊敬的人。(whom作宾语，可以省略)
He is a man from whom we all should learn.
他是我们大家都应该学习的人。 (whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前，不能省略)
(此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from. )
The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.
房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿。
Who, whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表某人或某人的，此时不能用that。
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
我姐姐回家住了几天，她是个护士。
2. which
which代表物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略。如：
The book which helps you most are those which make you think most.
最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书。(作主语)
This is a factor which we must not neglect.
这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素。(作宾语，可省略)
Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence
你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿？(作介词宾语且介词位于其前时，不能省略)
which可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表物。如：
The book, which I bought second-hand, is made of oak.
我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的，它是二手货。
3. that
that可以代表事也可代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但不能用于非限制性定语从句中。代表人时who比that用的多些，代表物时that比which用的多些。
The letter that came this morning is from my mother.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的。(that代表物，在从句中作主语)
Those students that failed the exam will have to take it again.
考试不及格的学生必须补考。(that代表人，在从句中作主语)
Have you forgotten about the money (that) I lent you last week
你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗？(that代表物，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
All the people (that) I invited have agreed to come.
所有我邀请了的人都同意来。(that代表人，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheap and comfortable.
我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服。(that代表物，在从句中作介词宾语，可省略)
考点七、不定代词
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books.
Would you like some milk
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree There aren’t any buses.
2 both 表示"两者都"。 Tom’s parents are both doctors.
all 表示"三者或三者以上都"。 All of the books are very interesting.
either 表示"两者中的任何一个"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Either of the books is interesting.
neither 表示"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of his friends has come yet.
3 no one 指人，不能接of 短语。 No one would like to go with her.
none 表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短语。 None of them has been to Beijing.
4 every 表整体概念，只能作定语。不能与of短语连用。表示"每一"。 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy.
each 强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语等，可以指人或物。可以与of 短语连用。表示"每一个"。 Each of you can try twice.
5 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk.
much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do.
6 few 表"否定"，是"几乎没有"的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here.
a few 表"肯定"，是"有一点"的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket.
little 表"否定"，是"几乎没有"的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.
a little 表"肯定"，是"有一点"的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left.
7 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas
the other 指"两者中的另一个"。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.
another 指"三者或以上中的另一个"。 Would you like another cup of tea
others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum.
the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese.
(一)some，any
1. some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作"一些"解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作"某一"解。如：
H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries. H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。
Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。
2. any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me. 图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。
Are there any stamps in the drawer 抽屉里有邮票吗？
Is there any money with you 你身上带钱了吗？
3. any还可以用于肯定句，作"任何的"解。
You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。
You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。
(二)either，both，all
1. either表示"两者中的任何一个"。
Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。
Either will do. 两个都行。
2. both"两个都"，修饰可数名词，统指两者。
Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。
Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。
3. all"全部，所有的"，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。
All the students contributed to the fund. 所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。
All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。
We are all for you. 我们都支持你。
Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言，言无不尽。
(三)no，neither，none
1. no"不"，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。
I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。
2. neither"两者中哪个都不"，其所指范围是两个人或物。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk. 两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。
3. none"没有一个人或东西"，它既可指可数名词(其所指范围是两个以上的人或物)，又可指不可数名词。
All of the trees were cut down, and none was were left. 所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。
None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。
None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。
(四)few, a few，little, a little
1. few的意思是"没有几个"； a few的意思是"少数"， "几个"； 修饰可数名词； a few表示肯定意义， few表示否定意义。
The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it. 这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。
Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。
A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。
2. little"没有多少"，a little"少量"，修饰不可数名词；a little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。如：
There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。
Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。
(五)many， much， most
1. many用于修饰可数名词。
Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了。
Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人认为局势会很快改变。
2. much用于修饰不可数名词。
Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。
They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作。
(六)another，other，the other，others，the others
1. another指同类中多个东西中的"另一个" (即one more)。
This watch doesn't work, I must get another one.
这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。
He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months.
他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。
但要注意： other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：
Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。
Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.
玛丽比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。
2. other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。
There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.
他不予帮助一定另有原因。
I saw Tom with some other fellow students.
我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。
3. the other one/ones. 指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。
I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.
我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了，我把那一把丢了。
Where are the other students 其他学生去哪儿了？
One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.
一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。
4. others是other的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。
We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.
我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。
Others may object to this plan.
别人可能会反对这个计划。
6. the others表示同类中余下的全部。
The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left.
搜寻小组一分为二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。
Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.
珍妮比班上的其他(任何)人都聪明。
【注意】
复合不定代词someone somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything
1. someone, somebody某人和 something某物
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你。
Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建议推迟会议。
There's something wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。
Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了件奇怪的事。
2. anyone, anybody任何人和 anything任何事情
Anybody can do this work. It's very simple. 这事太简单了，人人都能做。
Did you meet anyone on your way home 你回家的路上碰到什么人了吗？
He faltered："Is anything wrong？" 他支支唔唔地说："有什么错吗？"
He did not say anything after that. 这以后他再也没说什么。
3. no one, nobody没有人. 和 nothing(没有东西)。
I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。
No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事。
Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席。
That's nothing. 那没有什么。
He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知。
4. everyone, everybody(每个人)和 everything(每样东西，一切事物)。
She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每个人告别。
Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管。
Everything is ready for the experiment. 实验的一切都准备好了。
This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要。
解题方法
题型：语法填空
方法1：句子成分缺失判断
当句子中缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分，且根据上下文可知需要一个词来指代某人或某物时，很可能要填代词。比如 "____ is clear that he is right."，这里缺少形式主语，需要用 it 来充当。
方法2：指代关系判断
若句子中上文提及某个或某些人、物等，下文再次提及但不重复使用原名词，而是用一个词来代替时，通常要用代词。如 "I saw a bird. ____ flew away."，这里明显需要一个代词来指代上文的 "a bird"，所以填It。
方法3：所属关系判断
当表达事物的所属关系，且空后有名词，或空处需表达"某人的某物" 这种含义时，可能要填物主代词。如 "This is ____ book."，根据语境可能要填 my、your 等物主代词。
方法4：固定搭配或句型判断
在一些固定搭配或特定句型中，会出现特定的代词。比如 "____ of them is a doctor."，在 "none of...""each of..." 等结构中，需要填相应的代词。
（3）代词（综合测试）——中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测
分值：100分
一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. —I want to learn more about the history of Tang Dynasty.
—Why not use the Internet to find more ________
A. advice B. messages C. information D. discussions
2. Nick can't play _____ baseball, but he can play _____ piano.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. a; /
3. —What time do you usually get up —I usually get up at ________.
A. half to six B. half past six C. half after six D. half before six
4. Please wait a moment, Mr. Zhang. I have _____ to tell you.
A. important something B. something important
C. important anything D. anything important
5. —Do you want to go to the Window of the World？
—Yes. There are many places of ________ in the park. I am ________ in these places.
A. interests；interesting B. interest；interested
C. interest；interesting D. interests；interested
6. —Do you like computer games
—No, I _____ play them.
A. always B. never C. usually D. often
7. —I have learned English for two years.
—Great! ________, do you learn Chinese
A. In some ways B. By the way C. In the way D. On the way
8. The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier ________ we do something helpful for them.
A. because B. if C. until D. unless
9. —You _______ take the subway to the airport，for I can drive you there directly.
—That's very kind of you.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
10. —What do we want to eat after dinner？Let's _______ it now.
—OK. What about some strawberries？
A. help with B. come on C. ask for D. think about
11. Oh, no! It _______ outside（在外面）again. I don't like rainy days.
A. is raining B. rains C. isn't raining D. doesn't rain
12. —What did you do yesterday afternoon
—I ________ some shopping with my parents in the market.
A. have done B. do C. am going to do D. did
13. — Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in China
— They usually shake hands.
A. what do people usually do B. what people usually do
C. where do people usually go D. where people usually go
14. —________ honey do you need for your drink
—Two spoons.
A. How many B. How much C. How far D. How long
15. — Helen, I'm sorry that I can't go shopping with you tomorrow.
— That's all right. ________.
A. Catch you then B. Maybe another time
C. That's up to you D. I can't stand it
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
Rick, a school boy, had a love for playing video games. Every day, his 16 reminded him to take some exercise instead of playing video games. However, he didn't always 17 .
Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight (视力) might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. It was a pity that he still didn't listen 18 . He kept playing. One day, during a math class, Rick's teacher got upset when he couldn't give an answer to a question like "2+2= ". After class, the teacher asked him why he couldn't solve such a 19 problem. Rick said that he knew the answer 20 couldn't see the board clearly. His teacher was worried and 21 his parents.
Realizing what had happened, Rick's mom warned him again that it was harmful to his 22 to play video games too much. And Rick's dad took him to an eye doctor for a check-up. The 23 showed that his eyesight had weakened. After asking about his habit of using eyes, the doctor advised Rick to take action to protect his eyes.
From that day on, Rick decided to 24 playing video games and take some exercise every day. Later Rick fell in love with sports and 25 his school soccer team. Now he has become stronger and healthier. His eyesight has also got better.
16. A. friends B. parents C. teachers D. coaches
17. A. listen B. guess C. report D. search
18. A. clearly B. bravely C. patiently D. correctly
19. A. single B. similar C. special D. simple
20. A. or B. so C. but D. and
21. A. phoned B. followed C. answered D. accepted
22. A. ears B. eyes C. arms D. hands
23. A. cost B. name C. date D. test
24. A. give up B. fight for C. depend on D. believe in
25. A. joined B. managed C. supported D. introduced
三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
A
Bob likes climbing very much. However, there wasn't one climbing club in his school at first, so he felt sad.
At the beginning of the second year of middle school, his school offered rock climbing lessons in order to encourage students to exercise. He was so happy that he joined at once.
In the first lesson, the coach said, "Rock climbing needs strength, speed, courage and persistence (坚持). All these are necessary. " But in Bob's opinion, rock climbing was just a fun activity. It interested him.
During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath (呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. The coach noticed that and asked him, "Why do you want to take rock climbing lessons " "I come for fun, of course. " "Is that fun " he asked. Bob shook his head slowly. The coach then explained patiently, "That's because you stop halfway. You know, beautiful sights are always on the top. "
After hearing his words, Bob made up his mind to finish his journey. When he got to the top in the end, he felt really excited.
Sometimes it's hard to reach the top of the mountain, but it's a pity to stop halfway, so don't give up.
26. Why did the school offer rock climbing lessons
A. To develop students' hobbies. B. To encourage students to exercise.
C. To offer students more clubs. D. To let students enjoy activities.
27. How far did the coach ask the students to run first in the rock climbing lessons
A. One hundred metres. B. One hundred kilometres.
C. One thousand metres. D. One thousand kilometres.
28. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in Paragraph (段落) 4
A. Running. B. Rock climbing. C. Taking lessons. D. Touching the rope.
29. How did Bob's feelings change according to the passage
A. Sad→happy→bored→excited. B. Excited→sad→bored →happy.
C. Happy→sad→excited→bored. D. Sad→bored→excited→happy.
30. What's the best title of the passage
A. Learn to Accept Helpful Advice B. Let's Find the Best Hobby
C. Don't Give Up Halfway D. Never Stay in the Same Place
B
I grew up in the countryside. I didn't understand what it brought to me until I became an adult. It helped me learn more practical skills than the others who grew up in cities.
I learned to cook at about 10 years old. The first skill was making dough (面团). Since my parents often came home late, the dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be easy because I often saw my mom do it. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I made dough better and better.
Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings. I fell in love with cooking. It's a good way to relax. Thanks to my cooking skill, I cook every meal instead of ordering delivery (外卖) . It saves money and I don't have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me.
Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. Though it was hard work, I learned a lot. For example, the part of a potato can be planted as a seed, and the fruits of peanut grow under the soil.
Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it can't compare to the happiness of learning by hand. It brings a new way to look at the world. You'll value everything on your plate.
This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor (劳动) education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life.
31. Where did the writer grow up
A. Near the river. B. In the town.
C. In the countryside. D. Near the village.
32. Which cooking skill did the writer master first
A. Cutting vegetables. B. Making dumplings.
C. Cracking eggs. D. Making dough.
33. How did the writer learn to plant vegetables
A. By discussing it with her friends. B. By learning it at school.
C. By doing lots of farm work. D. By reading book about it.
34. What does the writer think of labor education
A. It is just about cooking and cleaning.
B. It is tiring and boring.
C. Only students in primary school will have labor class.
D. It is necessary and helpful.
35. What is this passage mainly about
A. What we can learn in the countryside.
B. How to plant vegetables.
C. Life in Chinese villages.
D. The importance of labor education.
四、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Being smart doesn't mean getting good grades only, but is also about understanding how the world works. 36. ________
Keep Learning Something New Each Day.
Learning something new every day(no matter how small) can have a big effect on your brain. 37. ________For example, you can start by using a word-of-a-day app to learn new words.
38. ________
When you learn something new, don't waste it. Make sure you use it in your life and you will find it improves your life somehow. Whether it's learning about numbers or technology, if you take the time to learn something, put that knowledge into practice.
Think of New Ways to Do Old Things.
Another way you can challenge your brain is to look at things you do every day and think about how you can do them differently. Finding new ways to do things will help your brain stay sharp and focused. It will as well make life more interesting and fun.
Play Games That Make You Think.
To keep your brain active, do something that requires you to think. Board games, card games, video games, and puzzles are all good choices.
39. ________That's because they need you to keep thinking.
Get Some Physical Exercise.
40. ________In addition to helping make you stronger, exercise also helps improve blood flow to the brain. This helps with memory, learning, focus and reading comprehension.
A. These games help improve memory. B. Exercise is one of the best things you can do to improve your health. C. Walk with People Smarter Than You. D. Use New Knowledge in Your Life. E. Believe that a small step can make a big difference. F. Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. G. You can become smarter by following some simple habits.
五、语法填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
41. We made a _______ (decide) to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in a new way.
42. Paul often _______ (finish) his homework before 9 o'clock.
43. The passage is easy. There _______ (be) no new words in it.
44. In order to protect their culture, they try their best _______ (keep) their traditions alive.
45. Chatting with black tea and biscuits is our way of _______ (relax).
六、连词成句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
46. modern, are, buildings, many, there
__________________________________________________
47. time, fast, the, how, flies
__________________________________________________!
48. nervous about, don't, be, future, the
__________________________________________________.
49. get, you, you, can, what, you, want, try, if
__________________________________________________.
50. it's, time, us, school, for, leave, to
__________________________________________________.
七、书面表达（共1小题；满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对安徽省的发展很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，给他写一封电子邮件，介绍安徽省 2024 年下半年的一些热点新闻。
1. 安徽省出台了"国有+集体"场村合作实施方案，推动生态美与百姓富有机统一。
2. 政府投入超 36 亿元补贴助力消费品以旧换新，促进消费升级。
3. 中秋、国庆期间，加强市场价格监管，确保市场价格秩序稳定。
要求：
1. 包含以上所有要点，可适当发挥；
2. 语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯；
3. 词数：80~120。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to tell you some hot news about Anhui in the second half of 2024.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope you can visit Anhui someday to experience its charm.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1. 答案：C
解析：句意：—我想更多地了解唐朝的历史。 —为什么不利用互联网查找更多的信息呢？考查名词辨析。advice建议；messages消息；information信息；discussions讨论。根据"Why not use the Internet to find more … "可知，此处是指通过网络查找关于唐朝历史的更多信息，应用information。故选C。
2. 答案：B
解析：play baseball意为"打棒球",球类名词前不加冠词;play the piano意为"弹钢琴",乐器类名词前加定冠词the。故选B。
3. 答案：B
解析：A. 六点半(表达错误);B. 六点半;C. 六点半(表达错误);D. 六点半(表达错误)。表示"几点半"，用"half+past+整点"，即half past six，表示"六点半"，故选B。
4. 答案：B
解析：当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词要后置,排除选项A和C;在肯定句中,表示"某事",要用something,故选B。
5. 答案：B
解析：interest动词或名词，使……感兴趣，兴趣;interested形容词，感兴趣的，形容某人心理上的感受;interesting形容词，有趣的，指事物令人感兴趣的。根据句子结构和语境，可知第一空是固定短语places of interest，名胜古迹;第二空主语是"I"，对这些地方感兴趣，固定短语be interested in，对……感兴趣。故选:B。
6. 答案：B
解析：句意:一你喜欢电脑游戏吗 一不,我从不玩它们。A项"总是";B项"从不";C项"通常";D项"经常"。根据句意可知答案选B。
7. 答案：B
解析：句意：—我已经学习英语两年了。—真棒！顺便问一下，你学习中文吗？考查介词短语。In some ways在某些方面；By the way顺便说一下；In the way挡道；On the way在路上。根据"do you learn Chinese "可知前面提到英语，顺便问一下中文，应用by the way。故选B。
8. 答案：D
解析：句意：除非我们做些有益的事情，否则河流将变得越来越脏。 考查连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据"The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier"和"we do something helpful for them"可知，前后句有条件关系，后句是前句的条件，表示"除非我们做些有益的事情，否则河流将变得越来越脏"，故选D。
9. 答案：B
解析：can't不能；needn't不必；mustn't严禁；shouldn't不应该。根据for I can drive you there directly可知空格处填needn't，表示不必的意思。故选：B。
10. 答案：D
解析：help with帮助;come on来吧;ask for请求;think about考虑;根据句意，"饭后想吃什么"，"草莓怎么样"，可知空处填think about，表示"考虑"。故选:D。
11. 答案：A
解析：is raining 现在进行时的肯定;rains一般现在时的肯定;isn't raining现在进行时的否定;doesn't rain一般现在时的否定. 根据Oh，no! It ____ outside(在外面)again结合语境I don't like rainy days可知用现在进行时的肯定. 故选: A。
12. 答案：D
解析：句意：—昨天下午你做什么了？—我和父母在市场购物了。考查动词时态。have done现在完成时；do动词原形；am going to do一般将来时；did一般过去时。根据前文中的"yesterday afternoon"，可知句子时态为一般过去时，应该使用did。故选D。
13. 答案：B
解析：根据题干，可知考查宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除AC;由They usually shake hands. 他们通常握手。可知问的是他们通常做什么，选项B符合题意。故选: B。
14. 答案：B
解析：句意：—你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜？—两勺。考查特殊疑问句。How many多少，后加可数名词复数；How much多少，后加不可数名词；How far多远；How long多长。根据"Two spoons. "可知，此处应问数量，指你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜；honey为不可数名词，因此应用How much。故选B。
15. 答案：B
解析：句意：——海伦，很抱歉明天我不能和你一起去购物。——没关系。也许下次吧。考查情景交际。Catch you then到时见；Maybe another time也许下次吧；That's up to you那取决于你；I can't stand it我不能忍受它。根据"I'm sorry that. . . "以及"That's all right"可知，一方在安慰另一方，不要因为不能一起去购物而抱歉遗憾，以后还有机会。故选B。
二、完形填空
16. 答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:每天,他的父母都提醒他要锻炼身体,而不是玩电子游戏。A. friends朋友;B. parents父母;C. teachers老师;D. coaches教练。根据下文Once again, Rick's mom told him (又一次,Rick的妈妈告诉他)可知,每天,他的父母都提醒他要锻炼身体,而不是玩电子游戏。故选:B。
17. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:然而,他总是不听。A. listen听;B. guess猜; C. report报道;D. search搜索。根据下文Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight(视力)might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. (Rick的妈妈又一次严肃地告诉他,如果他花太多时间玩电子游戏,他的视力可能会变差。)可知,然而,他总是不听。故选:A。
18. 答案：C
解析：考查副词。句意:很遗憾他还是不耐心地听。A. clearly清晰地;B. bravely勇敢地;C. patiently耐心地;D. correctly正确地。根据下文He kept playing. (他还是一直玩。)可知,很遗憾他还是不耐心地听。故选:C。
19. 答案：D
解析：考查形容词。句意:下课后,老师问他为什么不能解决这样简单的一道题。A. single单一的;B. similar类似的;C. special特别的;D. simple简单的。根据上文"2+2= "("2+2= )可知,下课后,老师问他为什么不能解决这样简单的一道题。故选:D。
20. 答案：C
解析：考查连词。句意: Rick说他知道答案,但看不清楚黑板。A. or或者;B. so因此;C. but但是;D. and和。通过分析句子结构,前后句子存在转折关系,所以要用but来填空。可知,Rick说他知道答案,但看不清楚黑板。故选:C。
21. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:他的老师很担心,就给他父母打了电话。A. phoned打电话;B. followed跟随;C. answered回答;D. accepted接受。根据上文After class (下课后)可知,他的老师很担心,就给他父母打了电话。故选:A。
22. 答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:意识到发生了什么,Rick的妈妈再次警告他,玩太多电子游戏对他的眼睛有害。A. ears耳朵;B. eyes眼睛;C. arms胳膊;D. hands手。根据上文Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight(视力) might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. (Rick的妈妈又一次严肃地告诉他,如果他花太多时间玩电子游戏,他的视力可能会变差。)可知,意识到发生了什么,Rick的妈妈再次警告他,玩太多电子游戏对他的眼睛有害。故选:B。
23. 答案：D
解析：考查名词。句意:检查表明他的视力变弱了。A. cost价值;B. name名字;C. date日期;D. test检查。根据上文And Rick's dad took him to an eye doctor for a check-up. (Rick的爸爸带他去看眼科医生做检查。)可知,检查表明他的视力变弱了。故选:D。
24. 答案：A
解析：考查动词短语。句意:从那天起,Rick决定放弃玩电子游戏,每天锻炼身体。A. give up放弃;B. fight for为……而战;C. depend on依靠;D. believe in相信。根据take some exercise every day (每天锻炼身体)可知,从那天起,Rick决定放弃玩电子游戏,每天锻炼身体。故选:A。
25. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:后来Rick爱上了体育运动并加入了学校的足球队。A. joined加入;B. managed设法做到;C. supported支持;D. introduced介绍。根据his school soccer team(他学校的足球队)可知,后来Rick爱上了体育运动并加入了学校的足球队。故选:A。
二、阅读理解
A
26. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段At the beginning of the second year of middle school, his school offered rock climbing lessons in order to encourage students to exercise. He was so happy that he joined at once,(中学二年级开始时,为了鼓励学生锻炼身体,他所在的学校开设了攀岩课。)可知,学校开设攀岩课是为了鼓励学生锻炼。故选B。
27. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。)可知,教练要求学生在攀岩课上跑一千米。故选C。
28. 答案：B
解析：代词指代题。根据第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath(呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。当鲍勃跑完时,他几乎喘不过气来,感到厌倦,他甚至不想碰绳子。他认为它不如以前有趣了。)可知,第四段中下划线的单词"it"指的是:攀岩。故选B。
29. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段However, there wasn't one climbing club in his school at first, so he felt sad. (然而,起初他的学校没有一个攀岩俱乐部,所以他感到难过。);第二段He was so happy that he joined at once. (他非常高兴,马上就加入了。);第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath(呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。当鲍勃跑完时,他几乎喘不过气来,感到厌倦,他甚至不想碰绳子。他认为它不如以前有趣了。)和第五段After hearing his words, Bob made up his mind to finish his journey. When he got to the top in the end, he felt really excited、(听了他的话后,鲍勃下定决心完成他的旅程。当他最终到达山顶时,他感到非常兴奋。)可知,根据文章,鲍勃的感情变化是:悲伤→快乐→无聊→兴奋。故选A。
30. 答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段Sometimes it's hard to reach the top of the mountain, but it's a pity to stop halfway, so don't give up. (有时候很难到达山顶,但中途停下来又很可惜,所以不要放弃。)可知,这篇文章最好的标题是:不要半途而废。故选C。
B
31. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I grew up in the countryside. (我在农村长大。)可知，作者是在农村长大。故选C。
32. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段The first skill was making dough(面团). (第一项技能是揉面团。)可知，作者最先学会的是揉面团。故选D。
33. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. (除了做饭，我小时候还做过很多农活。我学会了如何种菜。)可知，作者是通过做大量的农活，学会了种菜。故选C。
34. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor(劳动)education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life. (这可能就是为什么我很高兴听到中国需要劳动教育的原因。中小学生每周至少上一节课，学习烹饪和清洁等家庭技能。相信我。这些技能将帮助你的余生。)可知，作者认为劳动教育很有必要，也很有帮助。故选D。
35. 答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor(劳动)education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life. (这可能就是为什么我很高兴听到中国需要劳动教育的原因。中小学生每周至少上一节课，学习烹饪和清洁等家庭技能。相信我。这些技能将帮助你的余生。)可知，本文主要讲述了劳动教育的重要性。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：GEDAB
解析：本文主要介绍了遵循一些简单的习惯可以让人变得更聪明。
36. 根据"Being smart doesn't mean getting good grades only, but is also about understanding how the world works"和下文黑体标题可知，此处是介绍一些方法，引出下文。选项G"你可以通过遵循一些简单的习惯变得更聪明。"符合语境，故选G。
37. 根据"Learning something new every day (no matter how small) can have a big effect on your brain"可知，说的是小事情产生大影响，选项E"相信一小步可以带来很大的不同。"符合语境，故选E。
38. 根据"When you learn something new, don't waste it. "可知，当你学到新东西时，不要浪费它。选项D"在生活中运用新知识"符合语境，故选D。
39. 根据"Board games, card games, video games, and puzzles are all good choices"可知，棋盘游戏、纸牌游戏、电子游戏、拼图都可以帮助你大脑活跃。选项A"这些游戏有助于提高记忆力。"符合语境，故选A。
40. 根据"Get Some Physical Exercise. "可知，建议锻炼。选项B"锻炼是你能做的改善健康的最好的事情之一。"符合语境，故选B。
五、语法填空
41. 答案：decision
解析：句意:我们决定以一种新的方式庆祝中秋节。根据"make a. . . "可知，冠词a后跟名词。decide"决定"为动词，其名词为decision，冠词a后跟名词单数。故填decision。
42. 答案：finishes
解析：句意:保罗经常在9点之前完成作业。句子为一般现在时，主语Paul为第三人称单数，故谓语动词finish应用第三人称单数形式。故填finishes。
43. 答案：are
解析：句意:这篇文章很容易。里面没有生词。此处为there be句型，句子为一般现在时，主语为"new words"，be动词应用are。故填are。
44. 答案：to keep
解析：句意:为了保护他们的文化，他们尽最大努力保持他们的传统得以延续。try one's best to do sth"尽某人最大努力做某事"，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。
45. 答案：relaxation
解析：句意:喝茶和吃饼干聊天是我们放松的方式。relax意为"使放松"，way of后通常接动名词或名词，relaxation"放松"为名词，符合句意。故填relaxation。
六、连词成句
46. 答案：There are many modern buildings
解析：根据标点和单词可知，此句是there be结构的肯定句。many modern buildings是作主语成分。故填There are many modern buildings"有许多现代建筑"。
47. 答案：How fast the time flies
解析：根据观察可知连接后的句子是how引导的感叹句，其结构复合"how+副词+主语+谓语！"，正确答案是How fast the time flies。故答案为：How fast the time flies。
48. 答案：Don't be nervous about the future
解析：根据观察可知连接后的句子是祈使句的否定形式，以don't开头。be nervous about为……担心；the future将来。故答案为：Don't be nervous about the future。
49. 答案：You can get what you want if you try
解析：You你；can 可以，是情态动词；get得到；what you want你想得到的；if 如果；you你；try尝试。if引导条件状语从句，应遵循"主将从现"原则，因此if后用一般现在时，从句主语是You（你），谓语动词用原形try（尝试）。故填：You can get what you want if you try。
50. 答案：It's time for us to leave school
解析：观察所给词可知，是考查句型It's time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了。leave school离开学校。It's time for us to leave school. 到我们离开学校的时间了。故填：It's time for us to leave school。
七、书面表达
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to tell you some hot news about Anhui in the second half of 2024. The "State-owned+Collective" village-forest-farm cooperation plan was introduced. It helps to make the environment beautiful and people rich. Also, the government provided over 3. 6 billion yuan in subsidies for consumer goods trade-in. This encourages people to upgrade their products. During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the government strengthened market price supervision to keep prices stable.
These measures have brought great changes to Anhui.
I hope you can visit Anhui someday to experience its charm.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
代词(Pronoun)是代替名词、名词短语或其他代词的词类，以避免重复并简化表达。其主要功能包括：(1)指代具体的人、事物或抽象概念(如： he 、 this 、 something )；(2)表示所有关系(如： my 、 theirs )或强调自身行为(如： myself )；(3)在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。
主要包含：人称代词(主格)，人称代词(宾格)，形容词性物主代词，名词性物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，疑问代词，关系代词以及不定代词。
考点一、人称代词
人称 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he, she, it him, her, it they them
1. 人称代词主格在句中作主语
The light is bad here. I can't see clearly.
这儿的光线不好，我看不清。
2. 人称代词宾格在句中作宾语和表语
There was nobody to tell him, to hint him, to give him at least a word of advice.
没有人告诉他，或暗示他，或起码给他一句忠告。(宾语)
If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接受这个建议。(表语)
【易错点】在并列主语中，I总放在最后。
You and I 我和你
He and I 我和他
You, he and I 你我他
考点二、物主代词
种类 单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
形容词性 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
1. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语
She turned away her eyes. 她把目光移开。
2. 形容词性物主代词与own连用表强调
I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼所见。
3. 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Hers is a pretty colorless life.
她的生活是一种相当平淡的生活。(主语)
She would shut herself up in her room, Julio in his.
她常把自己关在房间里，朱利奥也是一样。 (宾语)
I knew that the house was hers. 我知道那房子是她的。(表语)
考点三、反身代词
人称 单数 复数
第一人称 myself ourselves
第二人称 yourself yourselves
第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves
1. 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等
They quarreled among themselves. 他们之间发生了争吵。(宾语)
Be yourself, please. 请自然一点。(表语)
The representatives of the strikers wanted to see the boss himself.
罢工工人的代表想要见老板本人。(同位语)
2. 反身代词与某些动词连用表示某种特定意义
Help yourself to some fruit. 请吃点水果。
He shaves himself once a day. 他一天刮一次脸。
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday 你昨天为何没去上学？
3. 反身代词用于某些固定习语中：
1) by oneself 独自干；单干。
I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成这件事的。
2) for oneself 替自己；为自己；自己。
We'll have to judge for ourselves. 我们得自己来判断。
3) of oneself 自动地。
The enemy will not perish of himself. 敌人不会自行绝灭的。
4) between ourselves 勿与外人道私下说的话。
All this is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。
5) among themselves ……之间。
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。
6) in oneself 本性；自身。
He is not bad in himself. 他本质不坏。
考点四、相互代词
主要包含：each other, one another
1. 相互代词在句中用作宾语
We did not know each other before. 我们以前互不认识。
2. 相互代词在句中作定语
They looked into each other's eyes for a silent moment. 他们彼此一时相对无言。
3. 补充
在汉语中有时没有"相互""彼此"的词，而译成英语时却要使用相互代词。如：
They don't often see each other now. 他们现在不常见面。
Do you often write to one another 你们常通信吗？
They have known each other before. 他们以前就认识。
考点五、指示代词
单数 复数 含义
this(这个) these(这些) 指较近的人和物
that(那个) those(那些) 指较远的人和物
such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物
same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物
it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时
1. 指示代词this，that，these，those在句作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等
Are these your books 这些是你的书吗？(主语)
I will keep this in mind. 我会记住这一点的。(宾语)
My idea is this. 这就是我的想法。(表语)
Do you know that man 你认识那个人吗？(定语)
The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。(状语)
2. 指示代词this和these指时间与空间上较近的事物，that和those指时间与空间上较远的事物
This building was built last year, that one was built many years ago. (表空间)
这栋大楼是去年建的，那栋是很多年前建的。
Those stars are too far away to be seen with naked eyes. (指空间)
那些星星离得太远，肉眼看不见。
During the whole of this time, Scrooge had acted like a man out of his wits. (表时间)
在整个这段时间，斯克鲁吉像是失魂落魄似的。
That stormy night, the witness was killed in the hospital. (表时间)
那个暴风雨之夜，证人在医院里被杀了。
3. that和those指代前面提到过的事物，this和these指代随后要讲的事物
That view point is proved to be wrong, and this is what people are thinking correct now.
(that指前，this指后)
那个观点被证明是错误的，下面才是人们认为正确的观点。
Those are the problems we should solve. (those指前)
这些就是我们应该解决的问题。
Written on the placard are these words: we want peace. (these指后)
牌子上写着这样一些字：我们要和平。
4. those作定语从句的先行词
Those who were present at the meeting were all celebrities.
出席会议的都是名流。
Those who are able to work were given jobs.
能工作的人都给分配了工作。
6. 指示代词such在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
Such is life. 生活就是这样。(主语)
Just before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such.
正是在圣诞节前他们需要帮手来布置圣诞树之类的东西。(宾语)
The waves were such as I never saw before.
这样的海浪，我从未见过。(表语)
The foreign visitors said they had never seen such plants before.
外宾说他们以前从未见过这类植物。(定语)
考点六、疑问代词和关系代词
格 指人 指物 指人或物
主格 who谁 what 什么 which 哪个，哪些
宾格 whom 谁
所有格 whose 谁的 whose 谁的 whose 谁的
(一)疑问代词的用法
1. who
who的意思是"谁"，是主格，通常作主语。
Who is that woman 那个妇女是谁？
Who are those people 那些人是谁？
2. whom
whom 的意思是"谁"，是宾格，在句中作宾语，常用于书面语中。
whom do you want to see 你想见谁？
Whom do you talk about 你们在谈论谁？(whom作介词about的宾语)
3. whose
1) whose的意思是"谁的"，属格，具有名词和形容词的性质。如：
Whose book is this 这是谁的书？(形容词性)
Whose is this book 这书是谁的？(名词性)
2) whose可在句中作如下成分。
作主语。如：Whose is better 谁的更好？
作表语。如：Whose are these pencils 这些铅笔是谁的？
作宾语。如：Whose are you going to borrow 你打算借谁的？
作定语。如：Whose umbrella is this 这是谁的伞
4. what
1) what的意思是"什么"，具有名词和形容词的性质。
What are you doing 你在做什么？(名词性)
What sport do you like best 你最喜欢的运动是什么？(形容词性)
2) what可在句中作如下成分。
作主语。
what's happening 发生了什么事？
作表语。
What is your mother 你母亲是干什么工作的？
作宾语。
What do you mean 你是什么意思？
What did you talk to him about 你和他说了什么？(介词宾语)
作定语。
What color do you like 你喜欢什么颜色？
6. which
which的意思是"哪个"，which在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分。
作主语。
This is my bag. Which is yours 这是我的书包，哪个是你的？
作表语。
Which is your favorite subject 你最喜欢哪个科目？
I can't tell which is which because they are so alike. 我分辨不出谁是谁，因为他们太像了。
作宾语。
Which do you like best 你最喜欢哪一个？
作定语。
Which glasses do you want 你想要哪些杯子？
Which platform does the London train leave 去伦敦的火车从哪个站台开出？
(二)关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which的用法
英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分， 如主语、宾语、表语或定语。
This is the man who saved your son.
这就是救了你儿子的那个人。(who在从句中作主语，先行词是man)
The man whom I met yesterday is Jim．
我昨天见到的那个人是吉姆。(whom在从句中作宾语，它的先行词是man)
A child whose parents are dead is an orphan.
失去父母的孩子是孤儿。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是child)
He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.
他想要个窗户面临大海的房间。(whose在从句中作定语，它的先行词是room)
1. who，whom和whose
who和whom代表人，在从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，可省略。但若whom作介词宾语且介词放在其前时，不能省略；如介词位于句末时，可以省略。whose代表某人的，在从句中作定语。如：
The man who insists upon seeing with perfect clearness before he decides, never decides.
坚持看清楚一切后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。(who作主语)
He is a man whom everybody respects.
他是一个人人都尊敬的人。(whom作宾语，可以省略)
He is a man from whom we all should learn.
他是我们大家都应该学习的人。 (whom作介词宾语且介词位于其前，不能省略)
(此句也可以是：He is a man (whom) we should all learn from. )
The people whose houses were damaged will be compensated.
房子被损坏了的人将给予补偿。
Who, whom和whose可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表某人或某人的，此时不能用that。
My sister, who is a nurse, came home for a few days.
我姐姐回家住了几天，她是个护士。
2. which
which代表物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但作介词宾语且介词位于其前时不能省略。如：
The book which helps you most are those which make you think most.
最能使你获益的书是那些最能让你深思的书。(作主语)
This is a factor which we must not neglect.
这是一个我们绝不能忽略的因素。(作宾语，可省略)
Where is the book from which you quoted this sentence
你引用这句话的那本书在哪儿？(作介词宾语且介词位于其前时，不能省略)
which可用于非限制性定语从句中，代表物。如：
The book, which I bought second-hand, is made of oak.
我买的这张书桌是用橡木做的，它是二手货。
3. that
that可以代表事也可代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但不能用于非限制性定语从句中。代表人时who比that用的多些，代表物时that比which用的多些。
The letter that came this morning is from my mother.
今天早晨收到的那封信是我母亲寄来的。(that代表物，在从句中作主语)
Those students that failed the exam will have to take it again.
考试不及格的学生必须补考。(that代表人，在从句中作主语)
Have you forgotten about the money (that) I lent you last week
你忘了上星期我借给你钱的事了吗？(that代表物，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
All the people (that) I invited have agreed to come.
所有我邀请了的人都同意来。(that代表人，在从句中作宾语，可省略)
The hotel (that) we stayed at was both cheap and comfortable.
我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒服。(that代表物，在从句中作介词宾语，可省略)
考点七、不定代词
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books.
Would you like some milk
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree There aren’t any buses.
2 both 表示"两者都"。 Tom’s parents are both doctors.
all 表示"三者或三者以上都"。 All of the books are very interesting.
either 表示"两者中的任何一个"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Either of the books is interesting.
neither 表示"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Neither of his friends has come yet.
3 no one 指人，不能接of 短语。 No one would like to go with her.
none 表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短语。 None of them has been to Beijing.
4 every 表整体概念，只能作定语。不能与of短语连用。表示"每一"。 Every time I go to see him,he is very busy.
each 强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语等，可以指人或物。可以与of 短语连用。表示"每一个"。 Each of you can try twice.
5 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk.
much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do.
6 few 表"否定"，是"几乎没有"的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here.
a few 表"肯定"，是"有一点"的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket.
little 表"否定"，是"几乎没有"的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.
a little 表"肯定"，是"有一点"的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left.
7 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas
the other 指"两者中的另一个"。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.
another 指"三者或以上中的另一个"。 Would you like another cup of tea
others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum.
the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese.
(一)some，any
1. some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作"一些"解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作"某一"解。如：
H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries. H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。
Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。
2. any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me. 图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。
Are there any stamps in the drawer 抽屉里有邮票吗？
Is there any money with you 你身上带钱了吗？
3. any还可以用于肯定句，作"任何的"解。
You can come here any time. 你什么时候来都行。
You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。
(二)either，both，all
1. either表示"两者中的任何一个"。
Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。
Either will do. 两个都行。
2. both"两个都"，修饰可数名词，统指两者。
Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。
Both of them should make concessions. 他们双方都应做出让步。
3. all"全部，所有的"，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。
All the students contributed to the fund. 所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。
All of the money has been spent. 钱都花完了。
We are all for you. 我们都支持你。
Say all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言，言无不尽。
(三)no，neither，none
1. no"不"，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。
Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
There are no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。
I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。
2. neither"两者中哪个都不"，其所指范围是两个人或物。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither of the two countries is satisfied with the result of the talk. 两个国家都不满意会谈的结果。
3. none"没有一个人或东西"，它既可指可数名词(其所指范围是两个以上的人或物)，又可指不可数名词。
All of the trees were cut down, and none was were left. 所有的树都被砍了，一棵也不剩。
None of the students failed the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。
None of this money is his. 这笔钱没有一点儿是他的。
(四)few, a few，little, a little
1. few的意思是"没有几个"； a few的意思是"少数"， "几个"； 修饰可数名词； a few表示肯定意义， few表示否定意义。
The problem is so difficult that few people can solve it. 这个问题太难了，几乎没人能做出来。
Only a few people can solve this problem. 只有几个人能解决这个问题。
Few of them want to go. 他们中几乎没有人想去。
A few of them want to go. 他们中有几个人想去。
2. little"没有多少"，a little"少量"，修饰不可数名词；a little表示肯定意义，little表示否定意义。如：
There is little rainfall this spring. 今年春季雨水很少。
Although it did not rain for the whole month, there is a little water in the pond.
虽然整整一个月没下雨了，但池塘里还有一点水。
(五)many， much， most
1. many用于修饰可数名词。
Many of the problems have been solved. 大部分问题已经解决了。
Many think that the situation will change soon. 很多人认为局势会很快改变。
2. much用于修饰不可数名词。
Much of the money has been spent. 这笔钱的大部分已经被花掉了。
They have finished much of the work. 他们已经完成了大部分的工作。
(六)another，other，the other，others，the others
1. another指同类中多个东西中的"另一个" (即one more)。
This watch doesn't work, I must get another one.
这块表坏了，我该另买一块了。
He went back to work too soon，and was laid up for another three months.
他回去上班过早，结果又病倒三个月。
但要注意： other与物主限定词连用也可指余下的另一个或全部。如：
Use your other hand. 用你的另一只手。
Mary is older than me but my other sisters are younger.
玛丽比我大，其余的都是我妹妹。
2. other单独使用时指其他的、另外的人或物。
There must be some other reason for him refusing to help.
他不予帮助一定另有原因。
I saw Tom with some other fellow students.
我看见汤姆和其他一些同学在一起。
3. the other one/ones. 指同类中余下的另一个或另一些。
I'll have to use our duplicate key. I lost the other one.
我不得不用我们的备用钥匙了，我把那一把丢了。
Where are the other students 其他学生去哪儿了？
One of the murderers was caught, but the other is still at large.
一个凶手被抓住了，另一个却依然逍遥法外。
4. others是other的复数形式，指其他的、另外的人或物。
We should not think only of our children, there are others to be cared for also.
我们不应该只想到自己的孩子，还有别的孩子也需要照顾。
Others may object to this plan.
别人可能会反对这个计划。
6. the others表示同类中余下的全部。
The search party was divided into two groups. Some went to the right, the others went to the left.
搜寻小组一分为二，一部分人向右，另一部分向左。
Jenny is cleverer than any of. the others in her class.
珍妮比班上的其他(任何)人都聪明。
【注意】
复合不定代词someone somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, everyone everybody, everything
1. someone, somebody某人和 something某物
Someone is asking to see you. 有人要见你。
Someone suggests putting off the meeting. 有人建议推迟会议。
There's something wrong with the machine. 机器出了毛病。
Something strange happened last night. 昨晚发生了件奇怪的事。
2. anyone, anybody任何人和 anything任何事情
Anybody can do this work. It's very simple. 这事太简单了，人人都能做。
Did you meet anyone on your way home 你回家的路上碰到什么人了吗？
He faltered："Is anything wrong？" 他支支唔唔地说："有什么错吗？"
He did not say anything after that. 这以后他再也没说什么。
3. no one, nobody没有人. 和 nothing(没有东西)。
I'm not somebody. I'm nobody. 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒。
No one wants to do that. 没人愿做那种事。
Nobody is absent. 没有人缺席。
That's nothing. 那没有什么。
He said he knew nothing about it. 他说他对那事一无所知。
4. everyone, everybody(每个人)和 everything(每样东西，一切事物)。
She said good-bye to everyone. 她和每个人告别。
Everybody's business is nobody's business. 事关大家无人管。
Everything is ready for the experiment. 实验的一切都准备好了。
This news means everything to us. 这个消息对我们至关重要。
解题方法
题型：语法填空
方法1：句子成分缺失判断
当句子中缺少主语、宾语或表语等成分，且根据上下文可知需要一个词来指代某人或某物时，很可能要填代词。比如 "____ is clear that he is right."，这里缺少形式主语，需要用 it 来充当。
方法2：指代关系判断
若句子中上文提及某个或某些人、物等，下文再次提及但不重复使用原名词，而是用一个词来代替时，通常要用代词。如 "I saw a bird. ____ flew away."，这里明显需要一个代词来指代上文的 "a bird"，所以填It。
方法3：所属关系判断
当表达事物的所属关系，且空后有名词，或空处需表达"某人的某物" 这种含义时，可能要填物主代词。如 "This is ____ book."，根据语境可能要填 my、your 等物主代词。
方法4：固定搭配或句型判断
在一些固定搭配或特定句型中，会出现特定的代词。比如 "____ of them is a doctor."，在 "none of...""each of..." 等结构中，需要填相应的代词。
（3）代词（综合测试）——中考英语一轮复习考点精炼与综测
分值：100分
一、单选题（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1. —I want to learn more about the history of Tang Dynasty.
—Why not use the Internet to find more ________
A. advice B. messages C. information D. discussions
2. Nick can't play _____ baseball, but he can play _____ piano.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. a; /
3. —What time do you usually get up —I usually get up at ________.
A. half to six B. half past six C. half after six D. half before six
4. Please wait a moment, Mr. Zhang. I have _____ to tell you.
A. important something B. something important
C. important anything D. anything important
5. —Do you want to go to the Window of the World？
—Yes. There are many places of ________ in the park. I am ________ in these places.
A. interests；interesting B. interest；interested
C. interest；interesting D. interests；interested
6. —Do you like computer games
—No, I _____ play them.
A. always B. never C. usually D. often
7. —I have learned English for two years.
—Great! ________, do you learn Chinese
A. In some ways B. By the way C. In the way D. On the way
8. The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier ________ we do something helpful for them.
A. because B. if C. until D. unless
9. —You _______ take the subway to the airport，for I can drive you there directly.
—That's very kind of you.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
10. —What do we want to eat after dinner？Let's _______ it now.
—OK. What about some strawberries？
A. help with B. come on C. ask for D. think about
11. Oh, no! It _______ outside（在外面）again. I don't like rainy days.
A. is raining B. rains C. isn't raining D. doesn't rain
12. —What did you do yesterday afternoon
—I ________ some shopping with my parents in the market.
A. have done B. do C. am going to do D. did
13. — Could you please tell me ________ when they meet for the first time in China
— They usually shake hands.
A. what do people usually do B. what people usually do
C. where do people usually go D. where people usually go
14. —________ honey do you need for your drink
—Two spoons.
A. How many B. How much C. How far D. How long
15. — Helen, I'm sorry that I can't go shopping with you tomorrow.
— That's all right. ________.
A. Catch you then B. Maybe another time
C. That's up to you D. I can't stand it
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
Rick, a school boy, had a love for playing video games. Every day, his 16 reminded him to take some exercise instead of playing video games. However, he didn't always 17 .
Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight (视力) might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. It was a pity that he still didn't listen 18 . He kept playing. One day, during a math class, Rick's teacher got upset when he couldn't give an answer to a question like "2+2= ". After class, the teacher asked him why he couldn't solve such a 19 problem. Rick said that he knew the answer 20 couldn't see the board clearly. His teacher was worried and 21 his parents.
Realizing what had happened, Rick's mom warned him again that it was harmful to his 22 to play video games too much. And Rick's dad took him to an eye doctor for a check-up. The 23 showed that his eyesight had weakened. After asking about his habit of using eyes, the doctor advised Rick to take action to protect his eyes.
From that day on, Rick decided to 24 playing video games and take some exercise every day. Later Rick fell in love with sports and 25 his school soccer team. Now he has become stronger and healthier. His eyesight has also got better.
16. A. friends B. parents C. teachers D. coaches
17. A. listen B. guess C. report D. search
18. A. clearly B. bravely C. patiently D. correctly
19. A. single B. similar C. special D. simple
20. A. or B. so C. but D. and
21. A. phoned B. followed C. answered D. accepted
22. A. ears B. eyes C. arms D. hands
23. A. cost B. name C. date D. test
24. A. give up B. fight for C. depend on D. believe in
25. A. joined B. managed C. supported D. introduced
三、阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
A
Bob likes climbing very much. However, there wasn't one climbing club in his school at first, so he felt sad.
At the beginning of the second year of middle school, his school offered rock climbing lessons in order to encourage students to exercise. He was so happy that he joined at once.
In the first lesson, the coach said, "Rock climbing needs strength, speed, courage and persistence (坚持). All these are necessary. " But in Bob's opinion, rock climbing was just a fun activity. It interested him.
During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath (呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. The coach noticed that and asked him, "Why do you want to take rock climbing lessons " "I come for fun, of course. " "Is that fun " he asked. Bob shook his head slowly. The coach then explained patiently, "That's because you stop halfway. You know, beautiful sights are always on the top. "
After hearing his words, Bob made up his mind to finish his journey. When he got to the top in the end, he felt really excited.
Sometimes it's hard to reach the top of the mountain, but it's a pity to stop halfway, so don't give up.
26. Why did the school offer rock climbing lessons
A. To develop students' hobbies. B. To encourage students to exercise.
C. To offer students more clubs. D. To let students enjoy activities.
27. How far did the coach ask the students to run first in the rock climbing lessons
A. One hundred metres. B. One hundred kilometres.
C. One thousand metres. D. One thousand kilometres.
28. What does the underlined word "it" refer to in Paragraph (段落) 4
A. Running. B. Rock climbing. C. Taking lessons. D. Touching the rope.
29. How did Bob's feelings change according to the passage
A. Sad→happy→bored→excited. B. Excited→sad→bored →happy.
C. Happy→sad→excited→bored. D. Sad→bored→excited→happy.
30. What's the best title of the passage
A. Learn to Accept Helpful Advice B. Let's Find the Best Hobby
C. Don't Give Up Halfway D. Never Stay in the Same Place
B
I grew up in the countryside. I didn't understand what it brought to me until I became an adult. It helped me learn more practical skills than the others who grew up in cities.
I learned to cook at about 10 years old. The first skill was making dough (面团). Since my parents often came home late, the dough would help my family have supper sooner. I thought it would be easy because I often saw my mom do it. First I made the dough too soft. Then I made it too hard. But as I kept trying, I made dough better and better.
Later, I cooked fried dishes and things like dumplings. I fell in love with cooking. It's a good way to relax. Thanks to my cooking skill, I cook every meal instead of ordering delivery (外卖) . It saves money and I don't have to wait for delivery drivers to feed me.
Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. Though it was hard work, I learned a lot. For example, the part of a potato can be planted as a seed, and the fruits of peanut grow under the soil.
Some might say we can learn these things from textbooks. But it can't compare to the happiness of learning by hand. It brings a new way to look at the world. You'll value everything on your plate.
This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor (劳动) education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life.
31. Where did the writer grow up
A. Near the river. B. In the town.
C. In the countryside. D. Near the village.
32. Which cooking skill did the writer master first
A. Cutting vegetables. B. Making dumplings.
C. Cracking eggs. D. Making dough.
33. How did the writer learn to plant vegetables
A. By discussing it with her friends. B. By learning it at school.
C. By doing lots of farm work. D. By reading book about it.
34. What does the writer think of labor education
A. It is just about cooking and cleaning.
B. It is tiring and boring.
C. Only students in primary school will have labor class.
D. It is necessary and helpful.
35. What is this passage mainly about
A. What we can learn in the countryside.
B. How to plant vegetables.
C. Life in Chinese villages.
D. The importance of labor education.
四、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
Being smart doesn't mean getting good grades only, but is also about understanding how the world works. 36. ________
Keep Learning Something New Each Day.
Learning something new every day(no matter how small) can have a big effect on your brain. 37. ________For example, you can start by using a word-of-a-day app to learn new words.
38. ________
When you learn something new, don't waste it. Make sure you use it in your life and you will find it improves your life somehow. Whether it's learning about numbers or technology, if you take the time to learn something, put that knowledge into practice.
Think of New Ways to Do Old Things.
Another way you can challenge your brain is to look at things you do every day and think about how you can do them differently. Finding new ways to do things will help your brain stay sharp and focused. It will as well make life more interesting and fun.
Play Games That Make You Think.
To keep your brain active, do something that requires you to think. Board games, card games, video games, and puzzles are all good choices.
39. ________That's because they need you to keep thinking.
Get Some Physical Exercise.
40. ________In addition to helping make you stronger, exercise also helps improve blood flow to the brain. This helps with memory, learning, focus and reading comprehension.
A. These games help improve memory. B. Exercise is one of the best things you can do to improve your health. C. Walk with People Smarter Than You. D. Use New Knowledge in Your Life. E. Believe that a small step can make a big difference. F. Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. G. You can become smarter by following some simple habits.
五、语法填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
41. We made a _______ (decide) to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival in a new way.
42. Paul often _______ (finish) his homework before 9 o'clock.
43. The passage is easy. There _______ (be) no new words in it.
44. In order to protect their culture, they try their best _______ (keep) their traditions alive.
45. Chatting with black tea and biscuits is our way of _______ (relax).
六、连词成句（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
46. modern, are, buildings, many, there
__________________________________________________
47. time, fast, the, how, flies
__________________________________________________!
48. nervous about, don't, be, future, the
__________________________________________________.
49. get, you, you, can, what, you, want, try, if
__________________________________________________.
50. it's, time, us, school, for, leave, to
__________________________________________________.
七、书面表达（共1小题；满分25分）
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom对安徽省的发展很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，给他写一封电子邮件，介绍安徽省 2024 年下半年的一些热点新闻。
1. 安徽省出台了"国有+集体"场村合作实施方案，推动生态美与百姓富有机统一。
2. 政府投入超 36 亿元补贴助力消费品以旧换新，促进消费升级。
3. 中秋、国庆期间，加强市场价格监管，确保市场价格秩序稳定。
要求：
1. 包含以上所有要点，可适当发挥；
2. 语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯；
3. 词数：80~120。邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to tell you some hot news about Anhui in the second half of 2024.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope you can visit Anhui someday to experience its charm.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、单选题
1. 答案：C
解析：句意：—我想更多地了解唐朝的历史。 —为什么不利用互联网查找更多的信息呢？考查名词辨析。advice建议；messages消息；information信息；discussions讨论。根据"Why not use the Internet to find more … "可知，此处是指通过网络查找关于唐朝历史的更多信息，应用information。故选C。
2. 答案：B
解析：play baseball意为"打棒球",球类名词前不加冠词;play the piano意为"弹钢琴",乐器类名词前加定冠词the。故选B。
3. 答案：B
解析：A. 六点半(表达错误);B. 六点半;C. 六点半(表达错误);D. 六点半(表达错误)。表示"几点半"，用"half+past+整点"，即half past six，表示"六点半"，故选B。
4. 答案：B
解析：当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词要后置,排除选项A和C;在肯定句中,表示"某事",要用something,故选B。
5. 答案：B
解析：interest动词或名词，使……感兴趣，兴趣;interested形容词，感兴趣的，形容某人心理上的感受;interesting形容词，有趣的，指事物令人感兴趣的。根据句子结构和语境，可知第一空是固定短语places of interest，名胜古迹;第二空主语是"I"，对这些地方感兴趣，固定短语be interested in，对……感兴趣。故选:B。
6. 答案：B
解析：句意:一你喜欢电脑游戏吗 一不,我从不玩它们。A项"总是";B项"从不";C项"通常";D项"经常"。根据句意可知答案选B。
7. 答案：B
解析：句意：—我已经学习英语两年了。—真棒！顺便问一下，你学习中文吗？考查介词短语。In some ways在某些方面；By the way顺便说一下；In the way挡道；On the way在路上。根据"do you learn Chinese "可知前面提到英语，顺便问一下中文，应用by the way。故选B。
8. 答案：D
解析：句意：除非我们做些有益的事情，否则河流将变得越来越脏。 考查连词辨析。because因为，引导原因状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；until直到，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据"The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier"和"we do something helpful for them"可知，前后句有条件关系，后句是前句的条件，表示"除非我们做些有益的事情，否则河流将变得越来越脏"，故选D。
9. 答案：B
解析：can't不能；needn't不必；mustn't严禁；shouldn't不应该。根据for I can drive you there directly可知空格处填needn't，表示不必的意思。故选：B。
10. 答案：D
解析：help with帮助;come on来吧;ask for请求;think about考虑;根据句意，"饭后想吃什么"，"草莓怎么样"，可知空处填think about，表示"考虑"。故选:D。
11. 答案：A
解析：is raining 现在进行时的肯定;rains一般现在时的肯定;isn't raining现在进行时的否定;doesn't rain一般现在时的否定. 根据Oh，no! It ____ outside(在外面)again结合语境I don't like rainy days可知用现在进行时的肯定. 故选: A。
12. 答案：D
解析：句意：—昨天下午你做什么了？—我和父母在市场购物了。考查动词时态。have done现在完成时；do动词原形；am going to do一般将来时；did一般过去时。根据前文中的"yesterday afternoon"，可知句子时态为一般过去时，应该使用did。故选D。
13. 答案：B
解析：根据题干，可知考查宾语从句，要用陈述语序，排除AC;由They usually shake hands. 他们通常握手。可知问的是他们通常做什么，选项B符合题意。故选: B。
14. 答案：B
解析：句意：—你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜？—两勺。考查特殊疑问句。How many多少，后加可数名词复数；How much多少，后加不可数名词；How far多远；How long多长。根据"Two spoons. "可知，此处应问数量，指你的饮料需要多少蜂蜜；honey为不可数名词，因此应用How much。故选B。
15. 答案：B
解析：句意：——海伦，很抱歉明天我不能和你一起去购物。——没关系。也许下次吧。考查情景交际。Catch you then到时见；Maybe another time也许下次吧；That's up to you那取决于你；I can't stand it我不能忍受它。根据"I'm sorry that. . . "以及"That's all right"可知，一方在安慰另一方，不要因为不能一起去购物而抱歉遗憾，以后还有机会。故选B。
二、完形填空
16. 答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:每天,他的父母都提醒他要锻炼身体,而不是玩电子游戏。A. friends朋友;B. parents父母;C. teachers老师;D. coaches教练。根据下文Once again, Rick's mom told him (又一次,Rick的妈妈告诉他)可知,每天,他的父母都提醒他要锻炼身体,而不是玩电子游戏。故选:B。
17. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:然而,他总是不听。A. listen听;B. guess猜; C. report报道;D. search搜索。根据下文Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight(视力)might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. (Rick的妈妈又一次严肃地告诉他,如果他花太多时间玩电子游戏,他的视力可能会变差。)可知,然而,他总是不听。故选:A。
18. 答案：C
解析：考查副词。句意:很遗憾他还是不耐心地听。A. clearly清晰地;B. bravely勇敢地;C. patiently耐心地;D. correctly正确地。根据下文He kept playing. (他还是一直玩。)可知,很遗憾他还是不耐心地听。故选:C。
19. 答案：D
解析：考查形容词。句意:下课后,老师问他为什么不能解决这样简单的一道题。A. single单一的;B. similar类似的;C. special特别的;D. simple简单的。根据上文"2+2= "("2+2= )可知,下课后,老师问他为什么不能解决这样简单的一道题。故选:D。
20. 答案：C
解析：考查连词。句意: Rick说他知道答案,但看不清楚黑板。A. or或者;B. so因此;C. but但是;D. and和。通过分析句子结构,前后句子存在转折关系,所以要用but来填空。可知,Rick说他知道答案,但看不清楚黑板。故选:C。
21. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:他的老师很担心,就给他父母打了电话。A. phoned打电话;B. followed跟随;C. answered回答;D. accepted接受。根据上文After class (下课后)可知,他的老师很担心,就给他父母打了电话。故选:A。
22. 答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:意识到发生了什么,Rick的妈妈再次警告他,玩太多电子游戏对他的眼睛有害。A. ears耳朵;B. eyes眼睛;C. arms胳膊;D. hands手。根据上文Once again, Rick's mom told him seriously that his eyesight(视力) might get poor if he spent too much time on video games. (Rick的妈妈又一次严肃地告诉他,如果他花太多时间玩电子游戏,他的视力可能会变差。)可知,意识到发生了什么,Rick的妈妈再次警告他,玩太多电子游戏对他的眼睛有害。故选:B。
23. 答案：D
解析：考查名词。句意:检查表明他的视力变弱了。A. cost价值;B. name名字;C. date日期;D. test检查。根据上文And Rick's dad took him to an eye doctor for a check-up. (Rick的爸爸带他去看眼科医生做检查。)可知,检查表明他的视力变弱了。故选:D。
24. 答案：A
解析：考查动词短语。句意:从那天起,Rick决定放弃玩电子游戏,每天锻炼身体。A. give up放弃;B. fight for为……而战;C. depend on依靠;D. believe in相信。根据take some exercise every day (每天锻炼身体)可知,从那天起,Rick决定放弃玩电子游戏,每天锻炼身体。故选:A。
25. 答案：A
解析：考查动词。句意:后来Rick爱上了体育运动并加入了学校的足球队。A. joined加入;B. managed设法做到;C. supported支持;D. introduced介绍。根据his school soccer team(他学校的足球队)可知,后来Rick爱上了体育运动并加入了学校的足球队。故选:A。
二、阅读理解
A
26. 答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段At the beginning of the second year of middle school, his school offered rock climbing lessons in order to encourage students to exercise. He was so happy that he joined at once,(中学二年级开始时,为了鼓励学生锻炼身体,他所在的学校开设了攀岩课。)可知,学校开设攀岩课是为了鼓励学生锻炼。故选B。
27. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。)可知,教练要求学生在攀岩课上跑一千米。故选C。
28. 答案：B
解析：代词指代题。根据第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath(呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。当鲍勃跑完时,他几乎喘不过气来,感到厌倦,他甚至不想碰绳子。他认为它不如以前有趣了。)可知,第四段中下划线的单词"it"指的是:攀岩。故选B。
29. 答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段However, there wasn't one climbing club in his school at first, so he felt sad. (然而,起初他的学校没有一个攀岩俱乐部,所以他感到难过。);第二段He was so happy that he joined at once. (他非常高兴,马上就加入了。);第四段During the following classes, the coach asked the students to run 1,000 metres first, and then climb with a rope. When Bob finished running, he almost lost his breath(呼吸) and got bored, and he even did not want to touch the rope. He thought it was less interesting than before. (在接下来的课程中,教练要求学生先跑1000米,然后用绳子攀爬。当鲍勃跑完时,他几乎喘不过气来,感到厌倦,他甚至不想碰绳子。他认为它不如以前有趣了。)和第五段After hearing his words, Bob made up his mind to finish his journey. When he got to the top in the end, he felt really excited、(听了他的话后,鲍勃下定决心完成他的旅程。当他最终到达山顶时,他感到非常兴奋。)可知,根据文章,鲍勃的感情变化是:悲伤→快乐→无聊→兴奋。故选A。
30. 答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段Sometimes it's hard to reach the top of the mountain, but it's a pity to stop halfway, so don't give up. (有时候很难到达山顶,但中途停下来又很可惜,所以不要放弃。)可知,这篇文章最好的标题是:不要半途而废。故选C。
B
31. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I grew up in the countryside. (我在农村长大。)可知，作者是在农村长大。故选C。
32. 答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段The first skill was making dough(面团). (第一项技能是揉面团。)可知，作者最先学会的是揉面团。故选D。
33. 答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. (除了做饭，我小时候还做过很多农活。我学会了如何种菜。)可知，作者是通过做大量的农活，学会了种菜。故选C。
34. 答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor(劳动)education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life. (这可能就是为什么我很高兴听到中国需要劳动教育的原因。中小学生每周至少上一节课，学习烹饪和清洁等家庭技能。相信我。这些技能将帮助你的余生。)可知，作者认为劳动教育很有必要，也很有帮助。故选D。
35. 答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段This may be why I'm so happy to hear that labor(劳动)education will be required in China. Students in primary and middle schools will have at least one class every week to learn household skills like cooking and cleaning. Trust me. These skills will help you for the rest of your life. (这可能就是为什么我很高兴听到中国需要劳动教育的原因。中小学生每周至少上一节课，学习烹饪和清洁等家庭技能。相信我。这些技能将帮助你的余生。)可知，本文主要讲述了劳动教育的重要性。故选D。
四、七选五
答案：GEDAB
解析：本文主要介绍了遵循一些简单的习惯可以让人变得更聪明。
36. 根据"Being smart doesn't mean getting good grades only, but is also about understanding how the world works"和下文黑体标题可知，此处是介绍一些方法，引出下文。选项G"你可以通过遵循一些简单的习惯变得更聪明。"符合语境，故选G。
37. 根据"Learning something new every day (no matter how small) can have a big effect on your brain"可知，说的是小事情产生大影响，选项E"相信一小步可以带来很大的不同。"符合语境，故选E。
38. 根据"When you learn something new, don't waste it. "可知，当你学到新东西时，不要浪费它。选项D"在生活中运用新知识"符合语境，故选D。
39. 根据"Board games, card games, video games, and puzzles are all good choices"可知，棋盘游戏、纸牌游戏、电子游戏、拼图都可以帮助你大脑活跃。选项A"这些游戏有助于提高记忆力。"符合语境，故选A。
40. 根据"Get Some Physical Exercise. "可知，建议锻炼。选项B"锻炼是你能做的改善健康的最好的事情之一。"符合语境，故选B。
五、语法填空
41. 答案：decision
解析：句意:我们决定以一种新的方式庆祝中秋节。根据"make a. . . "可知，冠词a后跟名词。decide"决定"为动词，其名词为decision，冠词a后跟名词单数。故填decision。
42. 答案：finishes
解析：句意:保罗经常在9点之前完成作业。句子为一般现在时，主语Paul为第三人称单数，故谓语动词finish应用第三人称单数形式。故填finishes。
43. 答案：are
解析：句意:这篇文章很容易。里面没有生词。此处为there be句型，句子为一般现在时，主语为"new words"，be动词应用are。故填are。
44. 答案：to keep
解析：句意:为了保护他们的文化，他们尽最大努力保持他们的传统得以延续。try one's best to do sth"尽某人最大努力做某事"，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to keep。
45. 答案：relaxation
解析：句意:喝茶和吃饼干聊天是我们放松的方式。relax意为"使放松"，way of后通常接动名词或名词，relaxation"放松"为名词，符合句意。故填relaxation。
六、连词成句
46. 答案：There are many modern buildings
解析：根据标点和单词可知，此句是there be结构的肯定句。many modern buildings是作主语成分。故填There are many modern buildings"有许多现代建筑"。
47. 答案：How fast the time flies
解析：根据观察可知连接后的句子是how引导的感叹句，其结构复合"how+副词+主语+谓语！"，正确答案是How fast the time flies。故答案为：How fast the time flies。
48. 答案：Don't be nervous about the future
解析：根据观察可知连接后的句子是祈使句的否定形式，以don't开头。be nervous about为……担心；the future将来。故答案为：Don't be nervous about the future。
49. 答案：You can get what you want if you try
解析：You你；can 可以，是情态动词；get得到；what you want你想得到的；if 如果；you你；try尝试。if引导条件状语从句，应遵循"主将从现"原则，因此if后用一般现在时，从句主语是You（你），谓语动词用原形try（尝试）。故填：You can get what you want if you try。
50. 答案：It's time for us to leave school
解析：观察所给词可知，是考查句型It's time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了。leave school离开学校。It's time for us to leave school. 到我们离开学校的时间了。故填：It's time for us to leave school。
七、书面表达
Dear Tom,
I'm glad to tell you some hot news about Anhui in the second half of 2024. The "State-owned+Collective" village-forest-farm cooperation plan was introduced. It helps to make the environment beautiful and people rich. Also, the government provided over 3. 6 billion yuan in subsidies for consumer goods trade-in. This encourages people to upgrade their products. During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the government strengthened market price supervision to keep prices stable.
These measures have brought great changes to Anhui.
I hope you can visit Anhui someday to experience its charm.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua