广东省八校联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期教学质量检测（一）英语试卷（含解析）
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| 更新时间 | 2025-04-10 18:09:16 | ||
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广东省八校联盟2024-2025学年高二下学期教学质量检测（一）英语试题
一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
Here are three must-visit photography holy sites recommended by CNN.Hongcun Ancient Village, Anhui
The 900-year-old village of Hongcun has long drawn in-the-know Chinese visitors, who love its peaceful atmosphere and distinctive architecture. Its classic structures, Moon Lake and picturesque locals have been an inspiration for art students for decades. Walking the narrow lanes paved with quartzite (石英岩) and seeing farmers working in rice fields, with the reflection of ancient houses in the lake, should provide enough material to get you started on your own visual masterpiece.Mount Wuyi, Fujian
A major landmark in southeast China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mount Wuyi was the setting for the development and spread of Neo-Confucianism, influential in East Asia since the 11th century. Bamboo raft drifting in the Nine Bend River (lower gorge) is a popular activity among visitors. The two-hour, eight-kilometer trips floating on water provide grand views of Mount Wuyi.Yangshuo, Guangxi
When the Chinese long for views of the nation’s most scenic hills and rivers, they book a bamboo-boat cruise in Yangshuo. The riverside town in southern China is most famous for its karst (喀斯特) hills and traditional fishing-village lifestyle. Downtown is touristy. Visitors can rent bikes and head to the countryside to find a more calming scene: bamboo boats moving slowly along the river, fishermen setting out with cormorants, farmers toiling in fields with lush peaks soaring high above.
1．What makes Hongcun Ancient Village attractive to art students
A．Its 900-year-long history.
B．The quartzite-paved narrow lanes.
C．Its peaceful atmosphere and architecture.
D．Its classic structures, Moon Lake and locals.
2．In Yangshuo, what can visitors do to enjoy a more peaceful scene
A．Visit the downtown area full of tourists.
B．Take a bamboo raft trip in the Nine Bend River.
C．Rent bikes and go to the countryside.
D．Admire the development and spread of Neo-Confucianism.
3．Where is this text most likely to be taken from
A．A travel guidebook. B．A scientific research paper.
C．A history textbook, D．A fashion magazine.
A five- year- old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.
The man, Bob, was alone when he left his farmhouse on New Year’s Eve to collect firewood.Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4℃.
After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.
“I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 p. m.,” Bob explained. “By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn’t yell for help, but Kelsey didn’t stop barking.”
Kelsey’s companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. “Kelsey kept barking but never left my side,” Bob recalled. “I knew I couldn’t give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”
Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob’s neighbor discovered him at 6:30 p. m. on New Year’s Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn’t have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey’s determination to keep him warm. Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, “His dog really saved him.He was very fortunate.”
Bob said he was very grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey. “They saved my life. They are truly heroes!”
4．What happened to Bob on New Year’s Eve
A．He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.
B．He was praised for saving a dog owner.
C．He broke his neck and couldn’t move.
D．He heard his neighbor’s shouting for help.
5．Why did Kelsey keep barking
A．To keep warm.
B．To stay alive.
C．To keep Bob awake.
D．To seek help from others.
6．How does Dr. Colen feel about Kelsey
A．Helpful. B．Fortunate.
C．Grateful. D．Friendly.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Neck breaking Accident
B．The Magic Night
C．Warmth on a Winter’s Night
D．Determination to Keep Alive
Shannon Brescher Shea’ s nine-year-old struggled with focus and following directions at home and at school. But after riding his bike, whether around the park or to school, he felt obviously calmer. “We call it moving meditation (冥想),” says Shea, who is a family biking advocate and author in Maryland. “We saw how incredibly helpful biking was for his focus, emotional regulation and ability to follow directions.”
This experience isn’t unique. Research consistently shows that physical activity contributes to improving mental health. “Exercise, no matter your age, is the single best thing you can do for every organ in your body, including your brain,” says Allan Reiss, a professor and director of Brain Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.
And while any exercise helps, a growing body of research shows bicycling is among the activities that might provide even more of a mental health boost. Scientists aren’t yet sure why, but it might have something to do with all the functional skills cyclists use. “You need to maintain your balance and process a lot of information from your environment, like deciding whether you can squeeze past a tree or how hard you need to brake,” says Reiss, “Most importantly, you’ve got to coordinate (协调), sense, process, integrate, regulate, and continually make decisions.”
According to Reiss, “Research suggests that physical activity like cycling likely encourages new cell growth in areas of the brain linked to memory and problem-solving, and can support stronger connections between neurons (神经元), ultimately impacting memory and learning.”
Luckily, it’s not too hard to get on a bike for most people. You should focus on the fun. To ensure riders don’ t get tired too quickly (or too bored), build in a fun stop rather than make the ride the single focus. Self-paced exploration and adventure are key to the ride. Cycling can multiply when it becomes a social project. In neighborhoods where bike lanes or other safe-to-ride pathways exist, organizing a group ride with friends might be just the ticket to less stressed, more relaxed individuals.
8．What does the author want to stress using Shea’s son’s example
A．Advantage of physical exercise regularly. B．Positive effect of riding on mental health.
C．Importance of leading a relaxing lifestyle. D．Possibilities that any disease can be cured.
9．Why does cycling boost mental health more according to Reiss
A．It needs better integrated coordination abilities.
B．Its outdoor exposure helps improve the mood state.
C．It needs repetitive movement to help calm the mind.
D．Its sense of freedom and exploration helps mind grow.
10．What is the function of the quoted statement in paragraph 4
A．Presenting experiments. B．Explaining concepts.
C．Providing evidence. D．Offering suggestions.
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Cycling with partners is recommended.
B．Nonstop cycling makes the most of the ride.
C．Purchasing tickets for a group ride is essential.
D．Bike lane construction is promoted by communities.
A big rise in plastic pollution has been uncovered by scientists, who have calculated that more than 170tn plastic particles (微粒) are afloat in the oceans. They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that “cleanup is futile” if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate.
The research, by the 5 Gyres Institute and published in the journal Plos One, evaluates trends of ocean plastic from 1979 to 2019. The authors noted a rapid increase of marine plastic pollution and blamed the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. Dr Marcus Eriksen, the co-founder of the 5 Gyres Institute, said, “The exponential (指数级) increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans is a warning that we must act now at a global range, stop focusing on cleanup and recycling, and create an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make.”
The researchers looked at 11,777 samples of floating ocean plastics to create a global time series that estimated the average counts and mass of microplastics in the ocean surface layer, lining up the data with international policy measures aimed at reducing plastic pollution to evaluate their effectiveness. It found that from 2005. there had been a rapid increase in the mass of ocean plastic.
The scientists estimate at least 170tn plastic particles are present in the oceans, with a combined weight of about 2 million tonnes. They say without immediate global action on plastic production, the rate of plastic entering aquatic environments is expected to increase about 2.6-fold from 2016 to 2040.
Researchers have warned that international policies on plastic are fragmented (碎片的), lack specificity and do not include measurable targets. They have called for corporate responsibility for plastic production to be enforced globally, with legally binding legislation (立法) that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, from extraction and manufacturing to its end of life.
12．What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Demanding. B．Pointless. C．Effective. D．Useful.
13．What is to blame for the rise in plastic pollution in the oceans according to Paragraph 2
A．Government policy. B．The fishing industry.
C．The plastics industry. D．Failure to warn people timely.
14．What is the researchers’ suggestion on addressing the issue
A．Encouraging individuals to recycle more.
B．Focusing on cleanup and recycling initiatives.
C．Increasing plastic production to meet global demands.
D．Calling for collective responsibility for plastic production.
15．What is the main issue addressed in the text
A．The rise in plastic pollution in the oceans. B．The increasing demand for plastic products.
C．The need for better ocean cleanup initiatives. D．The advancement in plastic recycling technology.
Enhanced Health and Fitness Strategies to Ward Off Illness in Winter
The winter months present numerous health challenges, from increased exposure to viruses to a decrease in physical activity due to chilly weather. 16 The following strategies provide a detailed roadmap for staying healthy throughout the winter.
Maintain regular exercise. Exercise is a powerful tool in boosting the immune system and driving off illnesses. A review in the Journal of Sport and Health Science highlighted how regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing diseases and infectious diseases like the common cold and flu. Winter-friendly exercises can include indoor activities such as cycling, yoga, strength training, or even dancing. 17
Follow a nutrient-rich diet. Proper nutrition plays a vital role in immune function. As such, your diet should include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains rich in vitamins like C and D and minerals. 18 Additionally, hydration is crucial, even in winter, for maintaining body functions and nutrient absorption. Aim for at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily.
Foster social connections. Social interaction contributes to mental health, which can in turn influence physical health. A study demonstrated a strong link between social relationships and mortality risk, suggesting the importance of maintaining social connections for overall health. 19
Prioritize quality sleep. 20 — it’s a necessity for a strong immune system. Research in the Journal of Experimental Medicine demonstrated that a good night’s sleep can enhance the function of T cells, a type of white blood cell that fights virus-infected cells. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Improve sleep quality by creating a quiet sleep environment, having a regular bedtime, and limiting screen time before bed.
A．Sleep isn’t just for rest.
B．Sleep needs your attention to create.
C．These nutrients support immune system and keep you off infections.
D．Even in cold months, stay socially engaged, whether in-person or virtually.
E．And you may become inactive for lack of a strong will to practice in the gym.
F．Crafting a fitness plan to prevent sickness is essential to enjoying this season fully.
G．To keep your workouts engaging, try varying them and adding new activities periodically.
二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate. The quick-thinking seventh-grader didn’t 21 when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach during the school’s annual trip.
“I was just thinking, ‘I’ve got to help him,’” Dupuis 22 . The young hero was on the shore, enjoying the day with his friends, when he saw the boy 23 . Without a second thought, Dupuis sprang into the water to offer his 24 .
Upon reaching the 25 swimmer, Dupuis was immediately 26 by his classmate. “I went underwater, but I was 27 to get up,” Dupuis explained, demonstrating both his courage and presence of mind in the situation.
Using his own strength and determination, Dupuis held his classmate by the shoulders and 28 to tread (踩) water until lifeguards arrived. The lifeguards 29 and ensured both boys were 30 brought back to shore.
Dupuis didn’t mention the incident to his parents, which was a 31 of humility (谦虚). It was only when school officials 32 his mother, Lisa Beausoleil, 24 hours later that his parents learned of their son’s 33 .
“The school called me to 34 him for his quick and selfless actions,” Beausoleil shared. “Both his father and I are full-time firefighters, so we are 35 of him.”
21．A．disagree B．hesitate C．suffer D．argue
22．A．joked B．imagined C．recalled D．apologized
23．A．in danger B．in order C．in charge D．in line
24．A．training B．money C．information D．assistance
25．A．panicked B．relieved C．satisfied D．disappointed
26．A．grasped B．ignored C．defeated D．abandoned
27．A．unlikely B．able C．unwilling D．curious
28．A．failed B．pretended C．promised D．managed
29．A．fell behind B．stepped back C．settled down D．took over
30．A．safely B．frequently C．violently D．regularly
31．A．change B．reward C．display D．background
32．A．comforted B．rescued C．contacted D．hired
33．A．scholarship B．bravery C．luck D．wealth
34．A．ask B．praise C．observe D．educate
35．A．ashamed B．afraid C．proud D．independent
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Called as the “Sea of Death”, the Taklimakan Desert in China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region covers 337,600 square kilometers. 36 also surprises us is that its circumference (周长) measures 3,046 kilometers or so, making it the 37 (large) desert in China.
It has taken more than 40 years 38 (surround) the Taklimakan fully with a green belt. The Taklimakan Desert control project is 39 part of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TSFP) launched in 1978, whose aim is to deal with desertification (沙漠化).
With the TSFP and measures such as the Grain for Green Program. China has handed in 40 (it) own answer sheet to desertification.
According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, over 35.8 million hectares (公顷) of desertified land have been protected, 41 over 7.8 million hectares of desertified land have been 42 (effective) restored. The forest coverage rate in the TSFP area has increased from 12.41 43 13.84 percent. Additionally, 61 percent of the soil erosion (土壤侵蚀) areas have been controlled successfully, and the “green line” in the Yellow River Basin has shifted 300 kilometers westward.
In the past 10 years, the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China 44 (drop) significantly. China has taken the global lead in 45 (achieve) “zero growth” in land degradation and a “dual (双的) reduction” in desertificatioin and desertified land.
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，是你校的国画社社长，你校即将迎来一批美国中学生文化访问团的访问与交流。请你代表国画社写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示热烈欢迎；
2.介绍国画社活动及个人收获；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear visitors,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grace and Ellen, both promising in their school’s dance competition, were fierce competitors. They both had great passion for dancing and dreamed for bigger stages. They were both friends and competitors. They had similar taste in music, and had similar dressing styles. Even they wore shoes of the same size. They had both committed themselves to preparing for the upcoming contest.
Grace’s journey to the competition was marked by countless hours of practice and determination. She would rise before the sun, and the studio lights were her only company. Every movement was perfected with unwavering commitment. She knew that this competition wasn’t just about personal success; it was also about upholding her school’s honor. “Grace, you’re incredible!” Grace’s dance instructor, Mrs. Anderson, often praised her. “Your hard work will pay off.”
Ellen had been practicing hard for this competition as well. Her love for dance was her driving force. After school, she would head straight to the dance studio, tirelessly perfecting every step and twirl. Her dance shoes had become an extension of her feet, and her heart burned with a strong desire for victory. “Ellen, you’re a natural,” her fellow dancers would often say. “You’ve got this!”
The day of the competition finally arrived, and there were five competitors fighting for the championship title. Ellen was scheduled to perform before Grace.
As Ellen stood backstage, the butterflies in her stomach seemed to have turned into a whirlwind (漩涡). She checked her dance shoes one last time and realized a huge mistake. The shoes themselves were a size too small—It turned out she took her little sister’s shoes by mistake. Panic set in as her mind raced for g solution.
“Ellen, you’re up next!” the stage manager announced.
In the dimly lit (灰暗的) backstage area, Grace overheard Ellen’s whispers to her friend, Sarah.
“I brought the wrong shoes, Sarah,” Ellen’s voice trembled (颤抖). “They are too small. What am I going to do ”
Grace’s heart sank as she overheard the conversation.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Grace knew her shoes would fit Ellen perfectly, but she hesitated.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tears of gratitude welled up in Ellen’s eyes as she slipped into Grace’s shoes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)推荐的三个必去的摄影圣地。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据Hongcun Ancient Village, Anhui部分中“Its classic structures, Moon Lake and picturesque locals have been an inspiration for art students for decades.(几十年来，它的经典建筑、月沼湖和风景如画的当地人一直是艺术生的灵感来源)”可知，宏村的经典建筑、月沼湖和当地人吸引了艺术生。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Yangshuo, Guangxi部分中“Visitors can rent bikes and head to the countryside to find a more calming scene(游客可以租自行车去乡村，寻找更宁静的风景)”可知，在阳朔，游客租自行车去乡村能享受更宁静的风景。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。文章开头提到“Here are three must visit photography holy sites recommended by CNN.(以下是美国有线电视新闻网推荐的三个必去的摄影圣地)”，接着分别介绍了安徽宏村、福建武夷山和广西阳朔这三个旅游景点的特色、适合开展的活动等信息，是为游客提供旅游相关的指引和建议。由此可推断，本文最有可能出自旅游指南。故选A项。
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只叫Kelsey的狗狗在主人Bob不慎在雪地中滑倒伤到了脖子无法动弹时，用身体为主人取暖，并且还不断吠叫希望能引起别人的注意，最终Bob获救。
【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“who slipped in the snow and broke his neck(在雪地里滑倒并摔断脖子)”及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow.(事故发生后，他在雪地里动弹不得)”可知，Bob在雪地中滑倒伤到了脖子，不能动了。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn’t yell for help, but Kelsey didn’t stop barking.(到了第二天早上，我的声音消失了，我无法大声呼救，但Kelsey没有停止吠叫)”可推知，Kelsey一直叫的目的是找人来帮助主人。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, ‘His dog really saved him. He was very fortunate.’(治疗Bob的医生Chaim Colen医生说：‘他的狗真的救了他。他非常幸运。’)”可知，Chaim Colen医生认为Bob的狗救了Bob，因此Chaim Colen医生认为Kelsey是有帮助的。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文内容并根据倒数第二段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn’t have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey’s determination to keep him warm.(然而，医生惊讶地发现他没有冻疮。他们认为这是因为Kelsey决心让他保持温暖)”可知，Bob在寒冷的夜里衣着单薄却没有任何冻疮是因为他的狗用身体不停地温暖他。故C项“冬夜里的温暖”做文章标题最合适。故选C。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了骑自行车有助于改善心理健康，包括提高专注力、情绪调节能力和方向感，同时也能促进大脑新细胞生长和加强神经元连接，最终影响记忆和学习能力。文章鼓励人们骑自行车，并享受其中的乐趣。
【解析】8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shannon Brescher Shea’ s nine-year-old struggled with focus and following directions at home and at school. But after riding his bike, whether around the park or to school, he felt obviously calmer.(Shannon Brescher Shea 9岁的儿子在家里和学校里都很难集中注意力，也无法听从指示。但骑完自行车后，无论是在公园周围还是去学校，他都明显感到平静。)”可知，Shea的儿子在骑车后明显感到更平静，专注力和情绪调节能力得到提高。作者通过这一例子想要强调的是骑自行车对心理健康的积极影响。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most importantly, you’ve got to coordinate (协调), sense, process, integrate, regulate, and continually make decisions.(最重要的是，你必须协调、感知、处理、整合、规范，并不断做出决定。)”可知，骑自行车需要协调、感知、处理、整合、调节和不断做出决策。这表明骑行需要更好的综合协调能力，这可能是其对心理健康促进作用更大的原因。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to Reiss, “Research suggests that physical activity like cycling likely encourages new cell growth in areas of the brain linked to memory and problem-solving, and can support stronger connections between neurons (神经元), ultimately impacting memory and learning.”(Reiss说：“研究表明，像骑自行车这样的体育活动可能会促进大脑中与记忆和解决问题有关的区域的新细胞生长，并能支持神经元之间更强的联系，最终影响记忆和学习。”)”可知，研究表明物理活动如骑自行车可能促进大脑中与记忆和解决问题相关的区域的新细胞生长，并支持神经元之间的更强连接，最终影响记忆和学习。这表明引用的研究的内容是为了提供证据来支持前面的观点，即解释为什么骑行对心理健康有益，故本段陈述起到的作用是提供证据。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In neighborhoods where bike lanes or other safe-to- ride pathways exist, organizing a group ride with friends might be just the ticket to less stressed, more relaxed individuals.(在有自行车道或其他安全骑行通道的社区里，和朋友组织一次集体骑行可能只是那些压力较小、更放松的人的门票。)”可知，在有自行车道或其他安全骑行路径的社区，组织团体骑行可能是减轻压力、放松身心的好方法。这表明作者推荐与朋友一起骑行。因此，选项A“Cycling with partners is recommended.(推荐与朋友一起骑行)”符合题意。故选A。
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现海洋塑料污染大幅上升，指出塑料行业应为此负责，并呼吁全球对塑料生产承担共同责任。
【解析】12．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that ‘cleanup is futile’ if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate. (他们呼吁减少塑料生产，并警告说，如果继续以目前的速度将塑料扔进环境中，‘清理是futile’)”中“warning that”和“if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate.”可推知，若持续大量扔塑料，会发生严重的后果，所以需要提出警告。结合选项，“清理工作变得毫无意义(pointless)”符合语境，是严重后果，所以划线词futile的意思是“无意义的，徒劳的”，与pointless同义。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The authors noted a rapid increase of marine plastic pollution and blamed the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. (作者指出海洋塑料污染迅速增加，并指责塑料行业未能进行回收利用或设计可回收的产品)”可知，海洋塑料污染增加应归咎于塑料行业。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Researchers have warned that international policies on plastic are fragmented (碎片的), lack specificity and do not include measurable targets. They have called for corporate responsibility for plastic production to be enforced globally, with legally binding legislation (立法) that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, from extraction and manufacturing to its end of life. (研究人员警告说，有关塑料的国际政策是支离破碎的，缺乏专一性，也没有可衡量的目标。他们呼吁在全球范围内强制实行塑料生产的企业责任，并制定具有法律约束力的立法，涵盖塑料从开采、制造到生命周期结束的整个过程)”可知，研究人员呼吁在全球范围内对塑料生产承担共同责任。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A big rise in plastic pollution has been uncovered by scientists, who have calculated that more than 17tn plastic particles (微粒) are afloat in the oceans. They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that “cleanup is futile ” if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate. (科学家发现塑料污染大幅上升，他们计算出海洋中漂浮着超过17万亿个塑料微粒。他们呼吁减少塑料的生产，并警告说，如果塑料继续以目前的速度被扔进环境中，“清理工作将变得毫无意义”)”可知，本文主要讨论的是海洋塑料污染的上升问题。故选A项。
【答案】16．F 17．G 18．C 19．D 20．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在疾病高发的冬季如何保持健康的技巧。
【解析】16．前句“The winter months present numerous health challenges, from increased exposure to viruses to a decrease in physical activity due to chilly weather. (冬季带来了诸多健康挑战，从病毒暴露机会的增加到因寒冷天气导致的身体活动减少。)”讲冬季疾病高发，故F项“制定计划预防疾病”切题。故选F项。
17．根据前句“Winter-friendly exercises can include indoor activities such as cycling, yoga, strength training, or even dancing. (适合冬季的锻炼方式可以包括一些室内活动，例如骑自行车、瑜伽、力量训练，甚至是跳舞。)”可知，这一段鼓励人们多参与体育锻炼，所以G项“为了让你的锻炼保持吸引力，试着改变它们并定期添加新的活动。”切题。故选G项。
18．根据本段的主题“Follow a nutrient-rich diet (多吃有营养的餐食。)”及前句“As such, your diet should include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains rich in vitamins like C and D and minerals. (因此，你的饮食应该包括富含维生素(如维生素C和D)和矿物质的水果、蔬菜、瘦蛋白以及全谷物。)”可知，人们应该多摄入营养物质，C项“这些营养素有助于增强免疫系统，从而帮助你避免感染。”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选C项。
19．根据划线前句“A study demonstrated a strong link between social relationships and mortality risk, suggesting the importance of maintaining social connections for overall health. (一项研究显示，社交关系与死亡风险之间存在密切联系，这表明保持社交联系对整体健康的重要性。)”可知，本段强调社交关系的重要性。D项“即使在寒冷的月份，也要保持社交参与，无论是面对面还是虚拟的。”在此承上启下，符合句意。故选D项。
20．根据本段的主题“Prioritize quality sleep (优先保证质量睡眠)”及下文中的“it’s a necessity for a strong immune system (对于强大的免疫系统来说，这是必不可少的。)”可知，睡眠是建立强大免疫系统的必要条件，这里主要是讲优质睡眠方面我们不熟知的功效，A项“睡眠不仅仅是用来休息的。”切题。故选A项。
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次学校郊游中，12岁的Alex Dupuis英勇救起了一名在春湖海滩溺水的同学，展现了非凡的勇气和冷静，事后他很谦逊，未向父母提及此事，直到学校通知他们才得知儿子的英勇行为。
【解析】21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位思维敏捷的七年级学生在学校年度郊游期间，看到一名同学在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面时，毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. disagree不同意；B. hesitate犹豫；C. suffer遭受；D. argue争论。根据下文“Without a second thought, Dupuis sprang into the water”可知，Dupuis毫不犹豫地跳入水中，因此是指毫不犹豫地采取了行动。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我当时只是想，‘我必须帮助他，’”Dupuis回忆道。A. joked开玩笑；B. imagined想象；C. recalled回忆；D. apologized道歉。根据上文““I was just thinking, ‘I’ve got to help him,’”可知，Dupuis是在回忆当时自己的想法。故选C。
23．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这位年轻的英雄当时正在岸边与朋友们享受时光，突然看到那名男孩处于危险之中。A. in danger处于危险中；B. in order井然有序；C. in charge负责；D. in line排队。根据上文“when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach”可知，当时这名男孩在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面，因此是处于危险之中。故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dupuis毫不犹豫地跳入水中，伸出援手。A. training训练；B. money金钱；C. information信息；D. assistance帮助。根据上文“A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate.”可知，Dupuis救了一名陷入困境的同学，因此是指伸出援手。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Dupuis接近那名惊慌失措的游泳者时，他立刻被同学紧紧抓住。A. panicked惊慌的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. satisfied满意的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach”可知，当时这名男孩在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面，因此落水的他是惊慌失措的。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Dupuis接近那名惊慌失措的游泳者时，他立刻被同学紧紧抓住。A. grasped抓住；B. ignored忽视；C. defeated击败；D. abandoned放弃。根据下文“I went underwater”可知，Dupuis被拉到了水下，因此是被同学紧紧抓住。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我被拉到了水下，但我成功浮了上来，”Dupuis解释道，展现了他在危急时刻的勇气和冷静。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. able有能力的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“I went underwater”和表示转折的“but”可知，虽然Dupuis被拉到了水下，但他成功浮了上来，短语be able to do意为“能够做某事”，表示“能浮上来”，即“成功浮了上来”。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借自己的力量和决心，Dupuis抓住同学的肩膀，设法踩水，直到救生员赶到。A. failed失败；B. pretended假装；C. promised承诺；D. managed设法。根据上文“Using his own strength and determination”可推知，凭借自己的力量和决心，Dupuis应该是设法踩水，保证自己和同学能浮出水面，不至于溺水。故选D。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：救生员接手后，确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。A. fell behind落后；B. stepped back后退；C. settled down安顿；D. took over接管。根据下文“ensured both boys were 21 brought back to shore”可知，救生员让两名男孩返回了岸边，因此是接手了当时的救援任务。故选D。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：救生员接手后，确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。A. safely安全地；B. frequently频繁地；C. violently猛烈地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“The lifeguards”和“ensured”可推知，救生员需要做的是确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dupuis并未向父母提及这件事，这展现了他谦逊的品质。A. change改变；B. reward奖励；C. display展示；D. background背景。根据上文“Dupuis didn’t mention the incident to his parents”可知，Dupuis并未向父母提及这件事，这展示了他谦逊的品质。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到24小时后，学校官员联系了他的母亲Lisa Beausoleil，他的父母才得知儿子的英勇（行为）。A. comforted安慰；B. rescued救援；C. contacted联系；D. hired雇佣。根据下文“The school called me to 22 him for his quick and selfless actions”可知，学校官员联系了Dupuis的母亲Beausoleil。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到24小时后，学校官员联系了他的母亲Lisa Beausoleil，他的父母才得知儿子的英勇（行为）。A. scholarship奖学金；B. bravery勇敢；C. luck运气；D. wealth财富。根据上文“A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate.”可知，Dupuis迅速采取行动，救起了一名陷入困境的同学，这是英勇的行为。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“学校打电话给我，赞扬他迅速且无私的行动，”Beausoleil分享道。A. ask询问；B. praise赞扬；C. observe观察；D. educate教育。根据下文“him for his quick and selfless actions”可推知，学校是赞扬Dupuis迅速且无私的行动。故选B。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我和他父亲都是全职消防员，所以我们为他感到自豪。”A. ashamed羞愧的；B. afraid害怕的；C. proud自豪的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“Both his father and I are full-time firefighters”可知，Dupuis的父母都是全职消防员，是负责救援工作的，因此会为儿子的救人行为感到自豪。故选C。
【答案】
36．What 37．largest 38．to surround 39．a 40．its 41．and 42．effectively 43．to 44．has dropped 45．achieving
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府治理沙漠化所做出的努力。
【解析】36．考查主语从句。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为3046公里，是中国最大的沙漠。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词“What”引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
37．考查形容词最高级。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为3046公里，是中国最大的沙漠。根据“in China”可知，这里是在中国范围内进行比较，且前面有定冠词“the”，所以用“large”的最高级形式“largest”，表示“最大的”。故填largest。
38．考查动词不定式。句意：用了40多年的时间，塔克拉玛干才被绿化带完全包围。“It takes + 时间 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费多长时间”，所以这里用动词不定式 “to surround”。故填to surround。
39．考查冠词。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠治理工程是1978年启动的三北防护林工程（TSFP）的一部分，其目的是应对荒漠化。“a part of...”表示“……的一部分”，是固定搭配，这里表示塔克拉玛干沙漠治理项目是“三北防护林工程”的一部分。故填a。
40．考查代词。句意：中国在沙漠化问题上交出了自己的答卷。这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词“answer sheet”，“it”的形容词性物主代词是“its”，表示“它的”。故填its。
41．考查连词。句意：据国家林业和草原局统计，全国累计保护沙化土地3580多万公顷，有效恢复沙化土地780多万公顷。根据句意可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，都在阐述中国在治理沙漠化方面取得的成果，所以用连词“and”连接。故填and。
42．考查副词。句意：据国家林业和草原局统计，全国累计保护沙化土地3580多万公顷，有效恢复沙化土地780多万公顷。由副词修饰动词可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 “restored”，“effective”的副词形式是“effectively”，表示“有效地”。故填effectively。
43．考查固定短语。句意：森林覆盖率由12.41%提高到13.84%。“from...to...”是固定短语，意为“从……到……”，这里表示“三北防护林工程”地区的森林覆盖率从12.41%增长到 13.84%。故填to。
44．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近10年来，中国北方春季严重沙尘天气发生频率明显下降。根据时间状语“In the past 10 years”（在过去的10 年里），这是一个从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，句子主语 “the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China”（中国北方春季严重沙尘天气的频率）是第三人称单数，所以助动词用“has”，“drop”的过去分词是“dropped”。故填has dropped。
45．考查动名词。句意：中国在全球率先实现了土地退化“零增长”、荒漠化和沙化土地“双减”。分析句子可知，空前“in”是介词，介词后接动词时，要用动词的动名词形式，所以这里用“achieving”。故填achieving。
46．【答案】Dear visitors,
I’m Li Hua, the president of the Chinese Traditional Painting Club in our school. On behalf of our club, I’d like to extend a warm welcome to all of you.
Our club regularly organizes activities like painting exhibitions, workshops given by professional painters, and painting competitions. Through these activities, I’ve not only improved my painting skills but also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Each stroke of the brush carries the wisdom and aesthetics of the Chinese nation.
I sincerely hope you will enjoy your stay here. May you have a great time exploring Chinese traditional painting and experiencing our rich culture.
Thank you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生代表国画社为美国中学生文化访问团的访问与交流活动写一篇发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：on behalf of→representing
深入的了解：a deeper understanding of→a deeper insight into
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely/truly
表达：extend→express/deliver
2.句式拓展：
同义句替换
原句：Through these activities, I’ve not only improved my painting skills but also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Through these activities, not only have I improved my painting skills but I have also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our club regularly organizes activities like painting exhibitions, workshops given by professional painters, and painting competitions.(运用了过去分词作定语。)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope you will enjoy your stay here.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句。)
47．【答案】 Grace knew her shoes would fit Ellen perfectly, but she hesitated. After all, it was Ellen’s own fault for not bringing the right shoes. However, Grace also understood that sometimes in competition, we need to put aside our differences and help each other. She took a deep breath and approached Ellen. “Ellen, I heard your problem,” Grace said, her voice soft. “I have an extra pair of shoes that will fit you perfectly. Let me get them for you.” Ellen’s eyes widened in surprise. “Grace, you would do that for me ” she asked, her voice trembling. “Of course, Ellen,” Grace replied, a gentle smile on her face. “Now, go out there and show them what you’ve got.”
Tears of gratitude welled up in Ellen’s eyes as she slipped into Grace’s shoes. She knew that she had let herself down and almost gave up, but Grace’s act of kindness restored her faith in herself. She vowed to herself that she would not let Grace down and would do her best in the competition.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Grace和Ellen是好朋友，也是舞蹈比赛中激烈的竞争对手。她们各自竭尽全力为即将到来的舞蹈比赛作准备，比赛那天Ellen在上台前发现自己拿错了舞鞋，不知所措，这时Grace听到了Ellen的情况。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Grace知道她的鞋子非常适合Ellen，但她有所犹豫。”可知，第一段可描写Grace经过激烈的思想斗争后最终把鞋子借给了Ellen。
②由第二段首句内容“当Ellen穿上Grace的鞋子时，感激的泪水涌上了Ellen的眼睛。”可知，第二段可描写Ellen感动万分，明白Grace的意思，决心要在比赛中全力以赴，不让Grace失望。
2.续写线索：Grace犹豫不定——决定伸出援手——Ellen惊讶不已——Ellen感动万分——决心不让Grace失望
3.词汇激活
行为类
①理解：understand/comprehend
②靠近：approach/get close to
③回答：reply/answer/respond
情绪类
①犹豫：hesitate/boggle
②惊讶地：in surprise/in amazement
【点睛】[高分句型1]I have an extra pair of shoes that will fit you perfectly.(运用了关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] She vowed to herself that she would not let Grace down and would do her best in the competition.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
Here are three must-visit photography holy sites recommended by CNN.Hongcun Ancient Village, Anhui
The 900-year-old village of Hongcun has long drawn in-the-know Chinese visitors, who love its peaceful atmosphere and distinctive architecture. Its classic structures, Moon Lake and picturesque locals have been an inspiration for art students for decades. Walking the narrow lanes paved with quartzite (石英岩) and seeing farmers working in rice fields, with the reflection of ancient houses in the lake, should provide enough material to get you started on your own visual masterpiece.Mount Wuyi, Fujian
A major landmark in southeast China and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mount Wuyi was the setting for the development and spread of Neo-Confucianism, influential in East Asia since the 11th century. Bamboo raft drifting in the Nine Bend River (lower gorge) is a popular activity among visitors. The two-hour, eight-kilometer trips floating on water provide grand views of Mount Wuyi.Yangshuo, Guangxi
When the Chinese long for views of the nation’s most scenic hills and rivers, they book a bamboo-boat cruise in Yangshuo. The riverside town in southern China is most famous for its karst (喀斯特) hills and traditional fishing-village lifestyle. Downtown is touristy. Visitors can rent bikes and head to the countryside to find a more calming scene: bamboo boats moving slowly along the river, fishermen setting out with cormorants, farmers toiling in fields with lush peaks soaring high above.
1．What makes Hongcun Ancient Village attractive to art students
A．Its 900-year-long history.
B．The quartzite-paved narrow lanes.
C．Its peaceful atmosphere and architecture.
D．Its classic structures, Moon Lake and locals.
2．In Yangshuo, what can visitors do to enjoy a more peaceful scene
A．Visit the downtown area full of tourists.
B．Take a bamboo raft trip in the Nine Bend River.
C．Rent bikes and go to the countryside.
D．Admire the development and spread of Neo-Confucianism.
3．Where is this text most likely to be taken from
A．A travel guidebook. B．A scientific research paper.
C．A history textbook, D．A fashion magazine.
A five- year- old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.
The man, Bob, was alone when he left his farmhouse on New Year’s Eve to collect firewood.Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns (衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4℃.
After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow. Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.
“I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10:30 p. m.,” Bob explained. “By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn’t yell for help, but Kelsey didn’t stop barking.”
Kelsey’s companion kept him warm by lying on top of him. She licked his face and hands to keep him awake. “Kelsey kept barking but never left my side,” Bob recalled. “I knew I couldn’t give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”
Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold. When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking. Finally, hearing the barking, Bob’s neighbor discovered him at 6:30 p. m. on New Year’s Day and called the emergency services at once. When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃. However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn’t have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey’s determination to keep him warm. Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, “His dog really saved him.He was very fortunate.”
Bob said he was very grateful to both Dr. Colen and his Kelsey. “They saved my life. They are truly heroes!”
4．What happened to Bob on New Year’s Eve
A．He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.
B．He was praised for saving a dog owner.
C．He broke his neck and couldn’t move.
D．He heard his neighbor’s shouting for help.
5．Why did Kelsey keep barking
A．To keep warm.
B．To stay alive.
C．To keep Bob awake.
D．To seek help from others.
6．How does Dr. Colen feel about Kelsey
A．Helpful. B．Fortunate.
C．Grateful. D．Friendly.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．A Neck breaking Accident
B．The Magic Night
C．Warmth on a Winter’s Night
D．Determination to Keep Alive
Shannon Brescher Shea’ s nine-year-old struggled with focus and following directions at home and at school. But after riding his bike, whether around the park or to school, he felt obviously calmer. “We call it moving meditation (冥想),” says Shea, who is a family biking advocate and author in Maryland. “We saw how incredibly helpful biking was for his focus, emotional regulation and ability to follow directions.”
This experience isn’t unique. Research consistently shows that physical activity contributes to improving mental health. “Exercise, no matter your age, is the single best thing you can do for every organ in your body, including your brain,” says Allan Reiss, a professor and director of Brain Sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine.
And while any exercise helps, a growing body of research shows bicycling is among the activities that might provide even more of a mental health boost. Scientists aren’t yet sure why, but it might have something to do with all the functional skills cyclists use. “You need to maintain your balance and process a lot of information from your environment, like deciding whether you can squeeze past a tree or how hard you need to brake,” says Reiss, “Most importantly, you’ve got to coordinate (协调), sense, process, integrate, regulate, and continually make decisions.”
According to Reiss, “Research suggests that physical activity like cycling likely encourages new cell growth in areas of the brain linked to memory and problem-solving, and can support stronger connections between neurons (神经元), ultimately impacting memory and learning.”
Luckily, it’s not too hard to get on a bike for most people. You should focus on the fun. To ensure riders don’ t get tired too quickly (or too bored), build in a fun stop rather than make the ride the single focus. Self-paced exploration and adventure are key to the ride. Cycling can multiply when it becomes a social project. In neighborhoods where bike lanes or other safe-to-ride pathways exist, organizing a group ride with friends might be just the ticket to less stressed, more relaxed individuals.
8．What does the author want to stress using Shea’s son’s example
A．Advantage of physical exercise regularly. B．Positive effect of riding on mental health.
C．Importance of leading a relaxing lifestyle. D．Possibilities that any disease can be cured.
9．Why does cycling boost mental health more according to Reiss
A．It needs better integrated coordination abilities.
B．Its outdoor exposure helps improve the mood state.
C．It needs repetitive movement to help calm the mind.
D．Its sense of freedom and exploration helps mind grow.
10．What is the function of the quoted statement in paragraph 4
A．Presenting experiments. B．Explaining concepts.
C．Providing evidence. D．Offering suggestions.
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Cycling with partners is recommended.
B．Nonstop cycling makes the most of the ride.
C．Purchasing tickets for a group ride is essential.
D．Bike lane construction is promoted by communities.
A big rise in plastic pollution has been uncovered by scientists, who have calculated that more than 170tn plastic particles (微粒) are afloat in the oceans. They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that “cleanup is futile” if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate.
The research, by the 5 Gyres Institute and published in the journal Plos One, evaluates trends of ocean plastic from 1979 to 2019. The authors noted a rapid increase of marine plastic pollution and blamed the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. Dr Marcus Eriksen, the co-founder of the 5 Gyres Institute, said, “The exponential (指数级) increase in microplastics across the world’s oceans is a warning that we must act now at a global range, stop focusing on cleanup and recycling, and create an age of corporate responsibility for the entire life of the things they make.”
The researchers looked at 11,777 samples of floating ocean plastics to create a global time series that estimated the average counts and mass of microplastics in the ocean surface layer, lining up the data with international policy measures aimed at reducing plastic pollution to evaluate their effectiveness. It found that from 2005. there had been a rapid increase in the mass of ocean plastic.
The scientists estimate at least 170tn plastic particles are present in the oceans, with a combined weight of about 2 million tonnes. They say without immediate global action on plastic production, the rate of plastic entering aquatic environments is expected to increase about 2.6-fold from 2016 to 2040.
Researchers have warned that international policies on plastic are fragmented (碎片的), lack specificity and do not include measurable targets. They have called for corporate responsibility for plastic production to be enforced globally, with legally binding legislation (立法) that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, from extraction and manufacturing to its end of life.
12．What does the underlined word “futile” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Demanding. B．Pointless. C．Effective. D．Useful.
13．What is to blame for the rise in plastic pollution in the oceans according to Paragraph 2
A．Government policy. B．The fishing industry.
C．The plastics industry. D．Failure to warn people timely.
14．What is the researchers’ suggestion on addressing the issue
A．Encouraging individuals to recycle more.
B．Focusing on cleanup and recycling initiatives.
C．Increasing plastic production to meet global demands.
D．Calling for collective responsibility for plastic production.
15．What is the main issue addressed in the text
A．The rise in plastic pollution in the oceans. B．The increasing demand for plastic products.
C．The need for better ocean cleanup initiatives. D．The advancement in plastic recycling technology.
Enhanced Health and Fitness Strategies to Ward Off Illness in Winter
The winter months present numerous health challenges, from increased exposure to viruses to a decrease in physical activity due to chilly weather. 16 The following strategies provide a detailed roadmap for staying healthy throughout the winter.
Maintain regular exercise. Exercise is a powerful tool in boosting the immune system and driving off illnesses. A review in the Journal of Sport and Health Science highlighted how regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing diseases and infectious diseases like the common cold and flu. Winter-friendly exercises can include indoor activities such as cycling, yoga, strength training, or even dancing. 17
Follow a nutrient-rich diet. Proper nutrition plays a vital role in immune function. As such, your diet should include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains rich in vitamins like C and D and minerals. 18 Additionally, hydration is crucial, even in winter, for maintaining body functions and nutrient absorption. Aim for at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily.
Foster social connections. Social interaction contributes to mental health, which can in turn influence physical health. A study demonstrated a strong link between social relationships and mortality risk, suggesting the importance of maintaining social connections for overall health. 19
Prioritize quality sleep. 20 — it’s a necessity for a strong immune system. Research in the Journal of Experimental Medicine demonstrated that a good night’s sleep can enhance the function of T cells, a type of white blood cell that fights virus-infected cells. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night. Improve sleep quality by creating a quiet sleep environment, having a regular bedtime, and limiting screen time before bed.
A．Sleep isn’t just for rest.
B．Sleep needs your attention to create.
C．These nutrients support immune system and keep you off infections.
D．Even in cold months, stay socially engaged, whether in-person or virtually.
E．And you may become inactive for lack of a strong will to practice in the gym.
F．Crafting a fitness plan to prevent sickness is essential to enjoying this season fully.
G．To keep your workouts engaging, try varying them and adding new activities periodically.
二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate. The quick-thinking seventh-grader didn’t 21 when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach during the school’s annual trip.
“I was just thinking, ‘I’ve got to help him,’” Dupuis 22 . The young hero was on the shore, enjoying the day with his friends, when he saw the boy 23 . Without a second thought, Dupuis sprang into the water to offer his 24 .
Upon reaching the 25 swimmer, Dupuis was immediately 26 by his classmate. “I went underwater, but I was 27 to get up,” Dupuis explained, demonstrating both his courage and presence of mind in the situation.
Using his own strength and determination, Dupuis held his classmate by the shoulders and 28 to tread (踩) water until lifeguards arrived. The lifeguards 29 and ensured both boys were 30 brought back to shore.
Dupuis didn’t mention the incident to his parents, which was a 31 of humility (谦虚). It was only when school officials 32 his mother, Lisa Beausoleil, 24 hours later that his parents learned of their son’s 33 .
“The school called me to 34 him for his quick and selfless actions,” Beausoleil shared. “Both his father and I are full-time firefighters, so we are 35 of him.”
21．A．disagree B．hesitate C．suffer D．argue
22．A．joked B．imagined C．recalled D．apologized
23．A．in danger B．in order C．in charge D．in line
24．A．training B．money C．information D．assistance
25．A．panicked B．relieved C．satisfied D．disappointed
26．A．grasped B．ignored C．defeated D．abandoned
27．A．unlikely B．able C．unwilling D．curious
28．A．failed B．pretended C．promised D．managed
29．A．fell behind B．stepped back C．settled down D．took over
30．A．safely B．frequently C．violently D．regularly
31．A．change B．reward C．display D．background
32．A．comforted B．rescued C．contacted D．hired
33．A．scholarship B．bravery C．luck D．wealth
34．A．ask B．praise C．observe D．educate
35．A．ashamed B．afraid C．proud D．independent
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Called as the “Sea of Death”, the Taklimakan Desert in China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region covers 337,600 square kilometers. 36 also surprises us is that its circumference (周长) measures 3,046 kilometers or so, making it the 37 (large) desert in China.
It has taken more than 40 years 38 (surround) the Taklimakan fully with a green belt. The Taklimakan Desert control project is 39 part of the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TSFP) launched in 1978, whose aim is to deal with desertification (沙漠化).
With the TSFP and measures such as the Grain for Green Program. China has handed in 40 (it) own answer sheet to desertification.
According to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, over 35.8 million hectares (公顷) of desertified land have been protected, 41 over 7.8 million hectares of desertified land have been 42 (effective) restored. The forest coverage rate in the TSFP area has increased from 12.41 43 13.84 percent. Additionally, 61 percent of the soil erosion (土壤侵蚀) areas have been controlled successfully, and the “green line” in the Yellow River Basin has shifted 300 kilometers westward.
In the past 10 years, the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China 44 (drop) significantly. China has taken the global lead in 45 (achieve) “zero growth” in land degradation and a “dual (双的) reduction” in desertificatioin and desertified land.
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，是你校的国画社社长，你校即将迎来一批美国中学生文化访问团的访问与交流。请你代表国画社写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1.表示热烈欢迎；
2.介绍国画社活动及个人收获；
3.表达祝愿。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear visitors,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grace and Ellen, both promising in their school’s dance competition, were fierce competitors. They both had great passion for dancing and dreamed for bigger stages. They were both friends and competitors. They had similar taste in music, and had similar dressing styles. Even they wore shoes of the same size. They had both committed themselves to preparing for the upcoming contest.
Grace’s journey to the competition was marked by countless hours of practice and determination. She would rise before the sun, and the studio lights were her only company. Every movement was perfected with unwavering commitment. She knew that this competition wasn’t just about personal success; it was also about upholding her school’s honor. “Grace, you’re incredible!” Grace’s dance instructor, Mrs. Anderson, often praised her. “Your hard work will pay off.”
Ellen had been practicing hard for this competition as well. Her love for dance was her driving force. After school, she would head straight to the dance studio, tirelessly perfecting every step and twirl. Her dance shoes had become an extension of her feet, and her heart burned with a strong desire for victory. “Ellen, you’re a natural,” her fellow dancers would often say. “You’ve got this!”
The day of the competition finally arrived, and there were five competitors fighting for the championship title. Ellen was scheduled to perform before Grace.
As Ellen stood backstage, the butterflies in her stomach seemed to have turned into a whirlwind (漩涡). She checked her dance shoes one last time and realized a huge mistake. The shoes themselves were a size too small—It turned out she took her little sister’s shoes by mistake. Panic set in as her mind raced for g solution.
“Ellen, you’re up next!” the stage manager announced.
In the dimly lit (灰暗的) backstage area, Grace overheard Ellen’s whispers to her friend, Sarah.
“I brought the wrong shoes, Sarah,” Ellen’s voice trembled (颤抖). “They are too small. What am I going to do ”
Grace’s heart sank as she overheard the conversation.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右：
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Grace knew her shoes would fit Ellen perfectly, but she hesitated.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tears of gratitude welled up in Ellen’s eyes as she slipped into Grace’s shoes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)推荐的三个必去的摄影圣地。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据Hongcun Ancient Village, Anhui部分中“Its classic structures, Moon Lake and picturesque locals have been an inspiration for art students for decades.(几十年来，它的经典建筑、月沼湖和风景如画的当地人一直是艺术生的灵感来源)”可知，宏村的经典建筑、月沼湖和当地人吸引了艺术生。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据Yangshuo, Guangxi部分中“Visitors can rent bikes and head to the countryside to find a more calming scene(游客可以租自行车去乡村，寻找更宁静的风景)”可知，在阳朔，游客租自行车去乡村能享受更宁静的风景。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。文章开头提到“Here are three must visit photography holy sites recommended by CNN.(以下是美国有线电视新闻网推荐的三个必去的摄影圣地)”，接着分别介绍了安徽宏村、福建武夷山和广西阳朔这三个旅游景点的特色、适合开展的活动等信息，是为游客提供旅游相关的指引和建议。由此可推断，本文最有可能出自旅游指南。故选A项。
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只叫Kelsey的狗狗在主人Bob不慎在雪地中滑倒伤到了脖子无法动弹时，用身体为主人取暖，并且还不断吠叫希望能引起别人的注意，最终Bob获救。
【解析】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“who slipped in the snow and broke his neck(在雪地里滑倒并摔断脖子)”及第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow.(事故发生后，他在雪地里动弹不得)”可知，Bob在雪地中滑倒伤到了脖子，不能动了。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn’t yell for help, but Kelsey didn’t stop barking.(到了第二天早上，我的声音消失了，我无法大声呼救，但Kelsey没有停止吠叫)”可推知，Kelsey一直叫的目的是找人来帮助主人。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Dr. Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, ‘His dog really saved him. He was very fortunate.’(治疗Bob的医生Chaim Colen医生说：‘他的狗真的救了他。他非常幸运。’)”可知，Chaim Colen医生认为Bob的狗救了Bob，因此Chaim Colen医生认为Kelsey是有帮助的。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文内容并根据倒数第二段中的“However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn’t have any frostbite (冻疮). They believed it was because of Kelsey’s determination to keep him warm.(然而，医生惊讶地发现他没有冻疮。他们认为这是因为Kelsey决心让他保持温暖)”可知，Bob在寒冷的夜里衣着单薄却没有任何冻疮是因为他的狗用身体不停地温暖他。故C项“冬夜里的温暖”做文章标题最合适。故选C。
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了骑自行车有助于改善心理健康，包括提高专注力、情绪调节能力和方向感，同时也能促进大脑新细胞生长和加强神经元连接，最终影响记忆和学习能力。文章鼓励人们骑自行车，并享受其中的乐趣。
【解析】8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Shannon Brescher Shea’ s nine-year-old struggled with focus and following directions at home and at school. But after riding his bike, whether around the park or to school, he felt obviously calmer.(Shannon Brescher Shea 9岁的儿子在家里和学校里都很难集中注意力，也无法听从指示。但骑完自行车后，无论是在公园周围还是去学校，他都明显感到平静。)”可知，Shea的儿子在骑车后明显感到更平静，专注力和情绪调节能力得到提高。作者通过这一例子想要强调的是骑自行车对心理健康的积极影响。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Most importantly, you’ve got to coordinate (协调), sense, process, integrate, regulate, and continually make decisions.(最重要的是，你必须协调、感知、处理、整合、规范，并不断做出决定。)”可知，骑自行车需要协调、感知、处理、整合、调节和不断做出决策。这表明骑行需要更好的综合协调能力，这可能是其对心理健康促进作用更大的原因。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to Reiss, “Research suggests that physical activity like cycling likely encourages new cell growth in areas of the brain linked to memory and problem-solving, and can support stronger connections between neurons (神经元), ultimately impacting memory and learning.”(Reiss说：“研究表明，像骑自行车这样的体育活动可能会促进大脑中与记忆和解决问题有关的区域的新细胞生长，并能支持神经元之间更强的联系，最终影响记忆和学习。”)”可知，研究表明物理活动如骑自行车可能促进大脑中与记忆和解决问题相关的区域的新细胞生长，并支持神经元之间的更强连接，最终影响记忆和学习。这表明引用的研究的内容是为了提供证据来支持前面的观点，即解释为什么骑行对心理健康有益，故本段陈述起到的作用是提供证据。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In neighborhoods where bike lanes or other safe-to- ride pathways exist, organizing a group ride with friends might be just the ticket to less stressed, more relaxed individuals.(在有自行车道或其他安全骑行通道的社区里，和朋友组织一次集体骑行可能只是那些压力较小、更放松的人的门票。)”可知，在有自行车道或其他安全骑行路径的社区，组织团体骑行可能是减轻压力、放松身心的好方法。这表明作者推荐与朋友一起骑行。因此，选项A“Cycling with partners is recommended.(推荐与朋友一起骑行)”符合题意。故选A。
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．D 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发现海洋塑料污染大幅上升，指出塑料行业应为此负责，并呼吁全球对塑料生产承担共同责任。
【解析】12．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that ‘cleanup is futile’ if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate. (他们呼吁减少塑料生产，并警告说，如果继续以目前的速度将塑料扔进环境中，‘清理是futile’)”中“warning that”和“if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate.”可推知，若持续大量扔塑料，会发生严重的后果，所以需要提出警告。结合选项，“清理工作变得毫无意义(pointless)”符合语境，是严重后果，所以划线词futile的意思是“无意义的，徒劳的”，与pointless同义。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The authors noted a rapid increase of marine plastic pollution and blamed the plastics industry for failing to recycle or design for recyclability. (作者指出海洋塑料污染迅速增加，并指责塑料行业未能进行回收利用或设计可回收的产品)”可知，海洋塑料污染增加应归咎于塑料行业。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Researchers have warned that international policies on plastic are fragmented (碎片的), lack specificity and do not include measurable targets. They have called for corporate responsibility for plastic production to be enforced globally, with legally binding legislation (立法) that addresses the full life cycle of plastic, from extraction and manufacturing to its end of life. (研究人员警告说，有关塑料的国际政策是支离破碎的，缺乏专一性，也没有可衡量的目标。他们呼吁在全球范围内强制实行塑料生产的企业责任，并制定具有法律约束力的立法，涵盖塑料从开采、制造到生命周期结束的整个过程)”可知，研究人员呼吁在全球范围内对塑料生产承担共同责任。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“A big rise in plastic pollution has been uncovered by scientists, who have calculated that more than 17tn plastic particles (微粒) are afloat in the oceans. They have called for a reduction in the production of plastics, warning that “cleanup is futile ” if they continue to be thrown into the environment at the current rate. (科学家发现塑料污染大幅上升，他们计算出海洋中漂浮着超过17万亿个塑料微粒。他们呼吁减少塑料的生产，并警告说，如果塑料继续以目前的速度被扔进环境中，“清理工作将变得毫无意义”)”可知，本文主要讨论的是海洋塑料污染的上升问题。故选A项。
【答案】16．F 17．G 18．C 19．D 20．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在疾病高发的冬季如何保持健康的技巧。
【解析】16．前句“The winter months present numerous health challenges, from increased exposure to viruses to a decrease in physical activity due to chilly weather. (冬季带来了诸多健康挑战，从病毒暴露机会的增加到因寒冷天气导致的身体活动减少。)”讲冬季疾病高发，故F项“制定计划预防疾病”切题。故选F项。
17．根据前句“Winter-friendly exercises can include indoor activities such as cycling, yoga, strength training, or even dancing. (适合冬季的锻炼方式可以包括一些室内活动，例如骑自行车、瑜伽、力量训练，甚至是跳舞。)”可知，这一段鼓励人们多参与体育锻炼，所以G项“为了让你的锻炼保持吸引力，试着改变它们并定期添加新的活动。”切题。故选G项。
18．根据本段的主题“Follow a nutrient-rich diet (多吃有营养的餐食。)”及前句“As such, your diet should include fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains rich in vitamins like C and D and minerals. (因此，你的饮食应该包括富含维生素(如维生素C和D)和矿物质的水果、蔬菜、瘦蛋白以及全谷物。)”可知，人们应该多摄入营养物质，C项“这些营养素有助于增强免疫系统，从而帮助你避免感染。”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选C项。
19．根据划线前句“A study demonstrated a strong link between social relationships and mortality risk, suggesting the importance of maintaining social connections for overall health. (一项研究显示，社交关系与死亡风险之间存在密切联系，这表明保持社交联系对整体健康的重要性。)”可知，本段强调社交关系的重要性。D项“即使在寒冷的月份，也要保持社交参与，无论是面对面还是虚拟的。”在此承上启下，符合句意。故选D项。
20．根据本段的主题“Prioritize quality sleep (优先保证质量睡眠)”及下文中的“it’s a necessity for a strong immune system (对于强大的免疫系统来说，这是必不可少的。)”可知，睡眠是建立强大免疫系统的必要条件，这里主要是讲优质睡眠方面我们不熟知的功效，A项“睡眠不仅仅是用来休息的。”切题。故选A项。
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．A 27．B 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C 33．B 34．B 35．C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次学校郊游中，12岁的Alex Dupuis英勇救起了一名在春湖海滩溺水的同学，展现了非凡的勇气和冷静，事后他很谦逊，未向父母提及此事，直到学校通知他们才得知儿子的英勇行为。
【解析】21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位思维敏捷的七年级学生在学校年度郊游期间，看到一名同学在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面时，毫不犹豫地采取了行动。A. disagree不同意；B. hesitate犹豫；C. suffer遭受；D. argue争论。根据下文“Without a second thought, Dupuis sprang into the water”可知，Dupuis毫不犹豫地跳入水中，因此是指毫不犹豫地采取了行动。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我当时只是想，‘我必须帮助他，’”Dupuis回忆道。A. joked开玩笑；B. imagined想象；C. recalled回忆；D. apologized道歉。根据上文““I was just thinking, ‘I’ve got to help him,’”可知，Dupuis是在回忆当时自己的想法。故选C。
23．考查介词短语辨析。句意：这位年轻的英雄当时正在岸边与朋友们享受时光，突然看到那名男孩处于危险之中。A. in danger处于危险中；B. in order井然有序；C. in charge负责；D. in line排队。根据上文“when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach”可知，当时这名男孩在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面，因此是处于危险之中。故选A。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dupuis毫不犹豫地跳入水中，伸出援手。A. training训练；B. money金钱；C. information信息；D. assistance帮助。根据上文“A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate.”可知，Dupuis救了一名陷入困境的同学，因此是指伸出援手。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Dupuis接近那名惊慌失措的游泳者时，他立刻被同学紧紧抓住。A. panicked惊慌的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. satisfied满意的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“when he noticed a fellow student fighting to keep his head above water at Spring Lake Beach”可知，当时这名男孩在春湖海滩挣扎着保持头部露出水面，因此落水的他是惊慌失措的。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Dupuis接近那名惊慌失措的游泳者时，他立刻被同学紧紧抓住。A. grasped抓住；B. ignored忽视；C. defeated击败；D. abandoned放弃。根据下文“I went underwater”可知，Dupuis被拉到了水下，因此是被同学紧紧抓住。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我被拉到了水下，但我成功浮了上来，”Dupuis解释道，展现了他在危急时刻的勇气和冷静。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. able有能力的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“I went underwater”和表示转折的“but”可知，虽然Dupuis被拉到了水下，但他成功浮了上来，短语be able to do意为“能够做某事”，表示“能浮上来”，即“成功浮了上来”。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：凭借自己的力量和决心，Dupuis抓住同学的肩膀，设法踩水，直到救生员赶到。A. failed失败；B. pretended假装；C. promised承诺；D. managed设法。根据上文“Using his own strength and determination”可推知，凭借自己的力量和决心，Dupuis应该是设法踩水，保证自己和同学能浮出水面，不至于溺水。故选D。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：救生员接手后，确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。A. fell behind落后；B. stepped back后退；C. settled down安顿；D. took over接管。根据下文“ensured both boys were 21 brought back to shore”可知，救生员让两名男孩返回了岸边，因此是接手了当时的救援任务。故选D。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：救生员接手后，确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。A. safely安全地；B. frequently频繁地；C. violently猛烈地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“The lifeguards”和“ensured”可推知，救生员需要做的是确保两名男孩安全返回岸边。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dupuis并未向父母提及这件事，这展现了他谦逊的品质。A. change改变；B. reward奖励；C. display展示；D. background背景。根据上文“Dupuis didn’t mention the incident to his parents”可知，Dupuis并未向父母提及这件事，这展示了他谦逊的品质。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到24小时后，学校官员联系了他的母亲Lisa Beausoleil，他的父母才得知儿子的英勇（行为）。A. comforted安慰；B. rescued救援；C. contacted联系；D. hired雇佣。根据下文“The school called me to 22 him for his quick and selfless actions”可知，学校官员联系了Dupuis的母亲Beausoleil。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到24小时后，学校官员联系了他的母亲Lisa Beausoleil，他的父母才得知儿子的英勇（行为）。A. scholarship奖学金；B. bravery勇敢；C. luck运气；D. wealth财富。根据上文“A routine school field trip turned into a heroic rescue when 12-year-old Alex Dupuis took immediate action to save a struggling classmate.”可知，Dupuis迅速采取行动，救起了一名陷入困境的同学，这是英勇的行为。故选B。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“学校打电话给我，赞扬他迅速且无私的行动，”Beausoleil分享道。A. ask询问；B. praise赞扬；C. observe观察；D. educate教育。根据下文“him for his quick and selfless actions”可推知，学校是赞扬Dupuis迅速且无私的行动。故选B。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我和他父亲都是全职消防员，所以我们为他感到自豪。”A. ashamed羞愧的；B. afraid害怕的；C. proud自豪的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“Both his father and I are full-time firefighters”可知，Dupuis的父母都是全职消防员，是负责救援工作的，因此会为儿子的救人行为感到自豪。故选C。
【答案】
36．What 37．largest 38．to surround 39．a 40．its 41．and 42．effectively 43．to 44．has dropped 45．achieving
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府治理沙漠化所做出的努力。
【解析】36．考查主语从句。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为3046公里，是中国最大的沙漠。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词“What”引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
37．考查形容词最高级。句意：同样让我们惊讶的是，它的周长约为3046公里，是中国最大的沙漠。根据“in China”可知，这里是在中国范围内进行比较，且前面有定冠词“the”，所以用“large”的最高级形式“largest”，表示“最大的”。故填largest。
38．考查动词不定式。句意：用了40多年的时间，塔克拉玛干才被绿化带完全包围。“It takes + 时间 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事花费多长时间”，所以这里用动词不定式 “to surround”。故填to surround。
39．考查冠词。句意：塔克拉玛干沙漠治理工程是1978年启动的三北防护林工程（TSFP）的一部分，其目的是应对荒漠化。“a part of...”表示“……的一部分”，是固定搭配，这里表示塔克拉玛干沙漠治理项目是“三北防护林工程”的一部分。故填a。
40．考查代词。句意：中国在沙漠化问题上交出了自己的答卷。这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词“answer sheet”，“it”的形容词性物主代词是“its”，表示“它的”。故填its。
41．考查连词。句意：据国家林业和草原局统计，全国累计保护沙化土地3580多万公顷，有效恢复沙化土地780多万公顷。根据句意可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，都在阐述中国在治理沙漠化方面取得的成果，所以用连词“and”连接。故填and。
42．考查副词。句意：据国家林业和草原局统计，全国累计保护沙化土地3580多万公顷，有效恢复沙化土地780多万公顷。由副词修饰动词可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 “restored”，“effective”的副词形式是“effectively”，表示“有效地”。故填effectively。
43．考查固定短语。句意：森林覆盖率由12.41%提高到13.84%。“from...to...”是固定短语，意为“从……到……”，这里表示“三北防护林工程”地区的森林覆盖率从12.41%增长到 13.84%。故填to。
44．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近10年来，中国北方春季严重沙尘天气发生频率明显下降。根据时间状语“In the past 10 years”（在过去的10 年里），这是一个从过去持续到现在的时间段，常与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的结构是“have/has +过去分词”，句子主语 “the frequency of severe dusty weather in spring in northern China”（中国北方春季严重沙尘天气的频率）是第三人称单数，所以助动词用“has”，“drop”的过去分词是“dropped”。故填has dropped。
45．考查动名词。句意：中国在全球率先实现了土地退化“零增长”、荒漠化和沙化土地“双减”。分析句子可知，空前“in”是介词，介词后接动词时，要用动词的动名词形式，所以这里用“achieving”。故填achieving。
46．【答案】Dear visitors,
I’m Li Hua, the president of the Chinese Traditional Painting Club in our school. On behalf of our club, I’d like to extend a warm welcome to all of you.
Our club regularly organizes activities like painting exhibitions, workshops given by professional painters, and painting competitions. Through these activities, I’ve not only improved my painting skills but also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Each stroke of the brush carries the wisdom and aesthetics of the Chinese nation.
I sincerely hope you will enjoy your stay here. May you have a great time exploring Chinese traditional painting and experiencing our rich culture.
Thank you!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生代表国画社为美国中学生文化访问团的访问与交流活动写一篇发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累：
代表：on behalf of→representing
深入的了解：a deeper understanding of→a deeper insight into
真诚地：sincerely→genuinely/truly
表达：extend→express/deliver
2.句式拓展：
同义句替换
原句：Through these activities, I’ve not only improved my painting skills but also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
拓展句：Through these activities, not only have I improved my painting skills but I have also gained a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Our club regularly organizes activities like painting exhibitions, workshops given by professional painters, and painting competitions.(运用了过去分词作定语。)
【高分句型2】I sincerely hope you will enjoy your stay here.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句。)
47．【答案】 Grace knew her shoes would fit Ellen perfectly, but she hesitated. After all, it was Ellen’s own fault for not bringing the right shoes. However, Grace also understood that sometimes in competition, we need to put aside our differences and help each other. She took a deep breath and approached Ellen. “Ellen, I heard your problem,” Grace said, her voice soft. “I have an extra pair of shoes that will fit you perfectly. Let me get them for you.” Ellen’s eyes widened in surprise. “Grace, you would do that for me ” she asked, her voice trembling. “Of course, Ellen,” Grace replied, a gentle smile on her face. “Now, go out there and show them what you’ve got.”
Tears of gratitude welled up in Ellen’s eyes as she slipped into Grace’s shoes. She knew that she had let herself down and almost gave up, but Grace’s act of kindness restored her faith in herself. She vowed to herself that she would not let Grace down and would do her best in the competition.
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Grace和Ellen是好朋友，也是舞蹈比赛中激烈的竞争对手。她们各自竭尽全力为即将到来的舞蹈比赛作准备，比赛那天Ellen在上台前发现自己拿错了舞鞋，不知所措，这时Grace听到了Ellen的情况。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Grace知道她的鞋子非常适合Ellen，但她有所犹豫。”可知，第一段可描写Grace经过激烈的思想斗争后最终把鞋子借给了Ellen。
②由第二段首句内容“当Ellen穿上Grace的鞋子时，感激的泪水涌上了Ellen的眼睛。”可知，第二段可描写Ellen感动万分，明白Grace的意思，决心要在比赛中全力以赴，不让Grace失望。
2.续写线索：Grace犹豫不定——决定伸出援手——Ellen惊讶不已——Ellen感动万分——决心不让Grace失望
3.词汇激活
行为类
①理解：understand/comprehend
②靠近：approach/get close to
③回答：reply/answer/respond
情绪类
①犹豫：hesitate/boggle
②惊讶地：in surprise/in amazement
【点睛】[高分句型1]I have an extra pair of shoes that will fit you perfectly.(运用了关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] She vowed to herself that she would not let Grace down and would do her best in the competition.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
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