Unit 5 Good manners
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）When you hear Westerners (西方人) say “ Drop in anytime” (随时来玩) or “Come and see me soon”, you should realize that it doesn’t mean you are welcome to come over to their house anytime. It’s wise to telephone before visiting someone.
Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I may not be able to come.” If you are unable to come after accepting the invitation, be sure to tell those who invite you in advance (提前) that you will not be there.
When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner, it is polite to bring small gifts with you, such as bottles of drink, flowers and chocolate. Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “go Dutch”, which means each person pays his own bill.
1．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Drop in anytime B．Come and see me soon
C．Invitation in western countries D．Westerners
2．If a westerner invites you to go to his house, ________.
A．you may refuse if you don’t plan to go
B．you have to accept the invitation even if you don’t want to go
C．you can’t accept the invitation
D．if you accept the invitation, you must go
3．The underlined part “go Dutch” means “________” in Chinese.
A．去荷兰 B．去Dutch这家餐厅
C．实行 AA制 D．请客
（20-21八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Everyone knows that good manners are important. Here is something interesting about manners in different countries. I think you already know that people in different countries usually have different ways of doing things.
Something rude in one country may be quite polite in another. For example, in Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having soup because people think that bad manners in Britain. But in Japan you needn’t worry about making a noise when you drink something. This shows that you are enjoying it.
In Britain, people try not to put their hands on the table at all during a meal. In Mexico (墨西哥), however, guests are expected to keep their hands on the table during a meal. If you are in Arab (阿拉伯) countries, you must be careful with your hands, too. You see, in Arab countries you mustn’t eat with your left hand. This isn’t thought as very polite. So, what should you do if you visit a foreign country Well, you needn’t worry. You can ask the local people to help you and you can just watch carefully and try to do what they do.
1．In Britain, you must be careful not to ________.
A．put down the bowl B．lift your bowl to your mouth
C．ask local people for help D．eat with your left hands
2．If you make a noise when you drink something in Japan, this shows you ________.
A．enjoy it B．have bad manners C．hate it D．worry about it
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Mexicans expect their guests to keep their hands under the table.
B．It’s not polite to eat with your left hand in Arab countries.
C．Japanese keep quiet when drinking.
D．British people put their hands on the table during a meal.
4．What should you do when you visit a foreign country
A．You can do anything you like. B．You should do as the local people do.
C．You can do nothing. D．You should forget your manners.
5．What’s the best title of this short passage
A．Different manners. B．Eating habits. C．Rude actions. D．Different countries.
（24-25八年级下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）“Can I have a glass of hot water ” This is a very common question in a restaurant. For many Chinese people, nothing is more common than drinking hot water every day. But this habit is like a mystery to people from other countries.
For many Westerners, the idea of drinking hot water is very strange. But most Chinese people think the Americans’ habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy. Chinese doctors are asking more people to take on the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women.
But in Western countries, drinking hot water isn’t common. Westerners often have drinks with ice, not just on hot days but almost every day.
There is a story about an Englishman, who worked in Beijing for over five years. He visited a café when going back to England. He asked for a glass of hot water in a British accent. But this requirement made the waitress surprised, “To…to…drink ” she asked. At last, the man got the hot water but felt cold stares (凝视) from every corner of the café. Westerners want to know why Chinese drink hot water as Chinese want to know why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not an easy problem, but related to (与……有关联) history, culture and science.
Many young people now drink bottled water every day. With the young people growing up, will drinking hot water become a less popular life habit Who knows
1．What do Chinese think of drinking icy water from the passage
A．Common and healthy. B．Strange but healthy. C．Common but unhealthy. D．Strange and unhealthy.
2．The underlined part in the fourth paragraph means other people in the café ____.
A．were angry at the man's requirement B．followed the example of the man
C．thought the man’s requirement was strange D．were interested in the man’s requirement
3．What would be the best title for the text
A．Healthy Life Habits B．Different Drinking Habits
C．How to Drink Water D．Drinking Hot Water in China
（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·阶段练习）Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be upset (不安的) if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you. Sometimes they just can’t afford to do so.
Dinner parties usually start between 7 p. m. and 8 p. m. and end at about 11 p. m. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, a box of chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.
Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks. If you want to be extra polite, say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the host sits at one end of the table and the hostess sits at the other end. They eat with their guests.
You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want.
Did you enjoy the evening Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter. British and American people like to say “thank you” all the time!
1．It’s impolite to _________.
A．ask about the price of a certain thing B．say “thank you” to hosts
C．take a gift with you when you are invited to dinner D．eat up everything on your plate
2．The meal usually ends with _________.
A．soup B．coffee C．meat or fish D．dessert
3．When you are invited to a dinner party, you’d better _________.
A．ask what time you should arrive B．take your wife with you
C．drink as much as possible D．eat a lot of snacks
4．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The hosts like the people who sit closer to them.
B．The hosts like the people who ask them time, price, age, etc.
C．The host and the hostess usually sit together.
D．You can call your hosts the next day or write a letter of thanks after that.
（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·阶段练习）In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western countries.
In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.
My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually, I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that.
In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, “Is it OK if I smoke ” But don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their house, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not rude hosts.
In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to (适应) the habits of your hosts.
1．When a Western guest visits a Chinese family, he often _________.
A．buys some fruit B．brings a cup of tea C．smokes D．feels like a god
2．What will the writer probably say if a guest wants to smoke in his house
A．Let’s smoke together. B．Sorry, you can’t smoke here.
C．Smoking is a bad habit. D．It’s OK if you smoke here.
3．What is the best title of the passage
A．The Best Hosts
B．The Best Guests
C．Different Cultures in Different Countries
D．Different Guest-host Relationships in Different Cultures
（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）In Chinese, we say “mai dong xī” to mean (意思是) “buy things” or “sell things”. But why is it “dong xi” and not “nan bei” “Dong” and “xi” are directions (方向). How can we “buy” them
Many people believe “mai dong xi” has something to do with (与……有关) a city in ancient China. It was called Chang’an. Today, we call it Xi’an. Chang’an was the capital of many Chinese dynasties (朝代), such as the Tang Dynasty. There was a long road that cut the city in two—the eastern part and the western part. There was a big market in each part.
The two markets sold different things. The western market drew (吸引) many businessmen (商人), workers and mon (普通的) people could buy food and daily goods there. They could also find things from foreign countries, such as Rome. However, the eastern market sold more expensive things, so more officials (官员) and nobles (贵族) went there.
People often said “buy east” if they were going to the eastern market to buy goods. And they said “buy west” when going to the western market. As time passed, “dong xi” became the word for “goods” and “things”.
1．What does the underlined word “ancient” mean
A．Modern. B．Old. C．Amazing. D．Interesting.
2．Why do Chinese people use “dong xi” to mean “things”
A．A long road cut the city into two.
B．People could buy things from western countries.
C．People bought things in the eastern and western markets.
D．There were many things in the city.
3．The best title for this passage is “________”.
A．The history of Chang’an B．The source (来源) of “mai dong xi”
C．The markets in Chang’an D．The life in ancient China.
（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）We usually send and receive information through the movement of our bodies. Body language can express (表达) different feelings. We often use gestures (手势) or body movements to express our mind. For example, when someone is giving a talk, he or she may often use his or her hands to emphasize (强调) points.
The victory (胜利) sign, the OK sign, the goodbye wave and the blowing of a kiss are all popular gestures in America. However, most of these gestures are not accepted (接受) by people in other countries. For example, the OK gesture means acceptance in America, but it has other meanings in other countries. In France, it means worthlessness (无价值), while in Greece it is a sign of quite disrespect (不尊重).
There are some other differences in the non-verbal (非语言的) messages of people of different sexes (性别). In American culture, men usually sit or stand with their legs apart and hands outward, while women usually keep their legs together and their hands at their sides. Women sit quietly than men most of the time. Women are also better than men at expressing themselves using gestures.
In short, body language is simple and useful, so we should learn how to use it in our daily lives.
1．Which gestures are talked about in this passage
①the stop sign ②the OK sign ③the goodbye sign
④the quiet sign ⑤the victory sign ⑥the kiss sign
A．①②③⑤ B．②③⑤⑥ C．①③⑤⑥ D．②③④⑤
2．The OK gesture means worthlessness in ________.
A．the United States B．France C．Greece D．Japan
3．The writer believes that ________.
A．gestures are easy to learn for women
B．different countries have the same gestures
C．men usually sit quietly more often than women
D．women are better at expressing themselves by using gestures
4．We learn from the passage that ________.
A．if we want to emphasize our points, we must use gestures
B．the blowing of a kiss is thought to be rude in Greece
C．there are differences between men’s and women’s non-verbal messages
D．many people don’t like to express themselves by using gestures
5．What’s the best title for this passage
A．Body language. B．The OK sign. C．Different Cultures. D．Popular languages.
重难语篇拔高练
（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）As we know, there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. We can see these differences in the way people use language, particularly when it comes to words about animals and plants.
In Chinese culture, most expressions (表达) about dogs often carry negative (负面的) meanings, like “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog” ,“a running dog”, and “a dog catching a mouse” all have negative meanings. However, in Western countries, people think dogs are honest and good friends of people, and often use the expressions about dogs to describe (描述) positive meanings. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means that you are a lucky person, while “every dog has its day” shows the idea that everyone has their moment of good luck. Despite (尽管) these differences, both cultures use the expression “dog-tired” to mean “very tired.”
Cats hold a special place in Chinese culture. They stand for good luck and richness, so people love cats very much. However, Western culture often uses the word “cat” to describe a woman who is rude or unkind. It shows the cultural differences in the use of language.
When it comes to plants, the rose is a symbol (符号) of love, peace, courage, and friendship in both China and some Western countries. It is also the national flower of England, America, and many other countries, showing that people all over the world like it very much.
In all, the words we use to describe animals and plants can be different across cultures, with some expressions carrying positive meanings while others are negative. By studying how people use these words, we can get a better understanding of the cultural differences between different countries. This helps us become better at speaking different languages, and lets us learn more about different cultures.
1．What does “every dog has its day” mean in paragraph 2
A．Everybody in the world is lucky. B．Each person lives his own way of life.
C．If one works hard, he’s sure to be lucky. D．Everybody has a time in life to be lucky.
2．What do Chinese people think of cats
A．Love and friendship. B．Rude and unkind women.
C．Good luck and richness. D．Bad luck and poor conditions.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Words show differences in culture.
B．Chinese people like dogs better than cats.
C．Western people think cats to be good friends.
D．Rose is the national flower of all western countries.
4．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Negative or Positive Expressions in Life
B．Different Countries Have Different Cultures
C．Rose Means the Same in Chinese and English
D．What Dog and Cat Mean in English and Chinese
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）China has long been known as a nation of rites (礼仪之邦). Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴席). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners.
One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is portion (一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion (分配) while being served to you on large plates.
As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.
You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan (more commonly known as “that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table”). Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.
As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round
As a round table, the seat of honor (首位) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway—outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honor would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment, the table of honor is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door.
The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honor, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying “吃吧” which means “Please eat”.
1．What should we do if we have meals in a public setting
A．Bring your own chopsticks from home. B．Use communal chopsticks to get food.
C．Use your own chopsticks to share food. D．Share the food with others’ chopsticks.
2．What does the underlined word “spin” in the passage mean
A．turn something around B．pull something nearer
C．pick something up D．move something away
3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Why the table is round B．How can you find a seat
C．Which is the honor seat D．Who is the most important
4．How does the writer organize the article
A．In time order. B．From specific to general.
C．In space order. D．From general to specific.Unit 5 Good manners
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）When you hear Westerners (西方人) say “ Drop in anytime” (随时来玩) or “Come and see me soon”, you should realize that it doesn’t mean you are welcome to come over to their house anytime. It’s wise to telephone before visiting someone.
Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying, “Thank you for inviting me, but I may not be able to come.” If you are unable to come after accepting the invitation, be sure to tell those who invite you in advance (提前) that you will not be there.
When you have accepted the invitation to a party or a dinner, it is polite to bring small gifts with you, such as bottles of drink, flowers and chocolate. Sometimes Westerners may take you out to dinner in a restaurant and it does not necessarily mean that he is going to pay the bill at the end of the meal. He might want you to “go Dutch”, which means each person pays his own bill.
1．The best title of this passage is ________.
A．Drop in anytime B．Come and see me soon
C．Invitation in western countries D．Westerners
2．If a westerner invites you to go to his house, ________.
A．you may refuse if you don’t plan to go
B．you have to accept the invitation even if you don’t want to go
C．you can’t accept the invitation
D．if you accept the invitation, you must go
3．The underlined part “go Dutch” means “________” in Chinese.
A．去荷兰 B．去Dutch这家餐厅
C．实行 AA制 D．请客
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C
【分析】本文介绍了在西方，人们接受邀请时的做法。
1．最佳标题题。本文主要讲了在西方，人们接受邀请时的做法，所以“西方国家的邀请”符合文意。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go. You may refuse by saying…be sure to tell those who invite you in advance (提前) that you will not be there.”可知，如果计划不去的话可以不去。A项表述正确。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“…which means each person pays his own bill.”可知，此处“go Dutch”意思是各自付账，也就是“AA制”。故选C。
（20-21八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）Everyone knows that good manners are important. Here is something interesting about manners in different countries. I think you already know that people in different countries usually have different ways of doing things.
Something rude in one country may be quite polite in another. For example, in Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having soup because people think that bad manners in Britain. But in Japan you needn’t worry about making a noise when you drink something. This shows that you are enjoying it.
In Britain, people try not to put their hands on the table at all during a meal. In Mexico (墨西哥), however, guests are expected to keep their hands on the table during a meal. If you are in Arab (阿拉伯) countries, you must be careful with your hands, too. You see, in Arab countries you mustn’t eat with your left hand. This isn’t thought as very polite. So, what should you do if you visit a foreign country Well, you needn’t worry. You can ask the local people to help you and you can just watch carefully and try to do what they do.
1．In Britain, you must be careful not to ________.
A．put down the bowl B．lift your bowl to your mouth
C．ask local people for help D．eat with your left hands
2．If you make a noise when you drink something in Japan, this shows you ________.
A．enjoy it B．have bad manners C．hate it D．worry about it
3．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Mexicans expect their guests to keep their hands under the table.
B．It’s not polite to eat with your left hand in Arab countries.
C．Japanese keep quiet when drinking.
D．British people put their hands on the table during a meal.
4．What should you do when you visit a foreign country
A．You can do anything you like. B．You should do as the local people do.
C．You can do nothing. D．You should forget your manners.
5．What’s the best title of this short passage
A．Different manners. B．Eating habits. C．Rude actions. D．Different countries.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A
【分析】本文主要介绍了不同国家的不同礼仪风俗。
1．细节理解题。根据“in Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having soup because people think that bad manners in Britain”可知，在英国，当你喝汤的时候，你不能把碗举到嘴边，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“But in Japan you needn’t worry about making a noise when you drink something. This shows that you are enjoying it”可知，在日本当你喝东西发出声音，这显示你很享受它，故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“You see, in Arab countries you mustn’t eat with your left hand. This isn’t thought as very polite”可知，在阿拉伯国家你不能用左手吃饭。这被认为是不礼貌的，B表述正确，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“ You can ask the local people to help you and you can just watch carefully and try to do what they do”可知，你可以请当地人帮助你，你可以仔细观察并尝试做他们做的事情，故选B。
5．最佳标题。根据“Here is something interesting about manners in different countries”可知，本文主要介绍了不同国家的不同礼仪风俗，故选A。
（24-25八年级下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）“Can I have a glass of hot water ” This is a very common question in a restaurant. For many Chinese people, nothing is more common than drinking hot water every day. But this habit is like a mystery to people from other countries.
For many Westerners, the idea of drinking hot water is very strange. But most Chinese people think the Americans’ habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy. Chinese doctors are asking more people to take on the habit of drinking hot water, especially for women.
But in Western countries, drinking hot water isn’t common. Westerners often have drinks with ice, not just on hot days but almost every day.
There is a story about an Englishman, who worked in Beijing for over five years. He visited a café when going back to England. He asked for a glass of hot water in a British accent. But this requirement made the waitress surprised, “To…to…drink ” she asked. At last, the man got the hot water but felt cold stares (凝视) from every corner of the café. Westerners want to know why Chinese drink hot water as Chinese want to know why Westerners drink cold water. This cultural difference is not an easy problem, but related to (与……有关联) history, culture and science.
Many young people now drink bottled water every day. With the young people growing up, will drinking hot water become a less popular life habit Who knows
1．What do Chinese think of drinking icy water from the passage
A．Common and healthy. B．Strange but healthy. C．Common but unhealthy. D．Strange and unhealthy.
2．The underlined part in the fourth paragraph means other people in the café ____.
A．were angry at the man's requirement B．followed the example of the man
C．thought the man’s requirement was strange D．were interested in the man’s requirement
3．What would be the best title for the text
A．Healthy Life Habits B．Different Drinking Habits
C．How to Drink Water D．Drinking Hot Water in China
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要描述的是中国与西方喝水文化习惯的不同。
1．细节理解题。根据“But most Chinese people think the Americans’ habit of drinking icy water is also strange and even unhealthy.”可知，中国人觉得喝冰水很奇怪，甚至不健康。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据“But this requirement made the waitress surprised, “To…to…drink ” she asked. At last, the man got the hot water but felt cold stares (凝视) from every corner of the café.”可知，他要一杯热水，结果服务员又吃惊又怀疑地再三确认是不是要来喝的，推测他要热水的要求在咖啡馆里的人看来是一个奇怪的请求，故选C。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述中国和西方喝水文化的不同，选项B“不同的饮水习惯”符合文章主题。故选B。
（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·阶段练习）Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. You should not be upset (不安的) if your English friends don’t invite you home. It doesn’t mean they don’t like you. Sometimes they just can’t afford to do so.
Dinner parties usually start between 7 p. m. and 8 p. m. and end at about 11 p. m. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It’s polite to bring flowers, a box of chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.
Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks. If you want to be extra polite, say how much you like the room, or the pictures on the wall. But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost. In many families, the host sits at one end of the table and the hostess sits at the other end. They eat with their guests.
You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee. It’s polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want.
Did you enjoy the evening Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter. British and American people like to say “thank you” all the time!
1．It’s impolite to _________.
A．ask about the price of a certain thing B．say “thank you” to hosts
C．take a gift with you when you are invited to dinner D．eat up everything on your plate
2．The meal usually ends with _________.
A．soup B．coffee C．meat or fish D．dessert
3．When you are invited to a dinner party, you’d better _________.
A．ask what time you should arrive B．take your wife with you
C．drink as much as possible D．eat a lot of snacks
4．Which of the following is TRUE
A．The hosts like the people who sit closer to them.
B．The hosts like the people who ask them time, price, age, etc.
C．The host and the hostess usually sit together.
D．You can call your hosts the next day or write a letter of thanks after that.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在英国和美国人家中用餐的一些习俗和礼仪，包括如何应对邀请、用餐时间、礼物、餐桌礼仪以及事后的感谢方式等。
1．细节理解题。根据“But remember: it’s not polite to ask how much things cost.”可知，询问某物的价格是不礼貌的。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“You’ll probably start the meal with soup or something small. Then you’ll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert (甜点), followed by coffee.”可知，这顿饭通常以咖啡结束。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.”可知，当你被邀请参加晚宴时，你最好问一下你应该什么时候到达。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank-you letter.”可知，你可以在第二天给主人打电话，或者在那之后写一封感谢信。故选D。
（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·阶段练习）In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. And Western hosts sometimes look rude in the eyes of Chinese guests. It is because the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western countries.
In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the West, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host’s way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.
My wife’s mother, a very kind Chinese lady, doesn’t smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a non-smoker, I feel unhappy. Usually, I want to stop them directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that.
In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, “Is it OK if I smoke ” But don’t be surprised if they say, “No, you can’t smoke.” In my culture, if you smoke in their house, you are a bad guest, but if they don’t allow you to smoke in their house, they are not rude hosts.
In a word, no matter where you are, the best way to be a good guest is to adapt to (适应) the habits of your hosts.
1．When a Western guest visits a Chinese family, he often _________.
A．buys some fruit B．brings a cup of tea C．smokes D．feels like a god
2．What will the writer probably say if a guest wants to smoke in his house
A．Let’s smoke together. B．Sorry, you can’t smoke here.
C．Smoking is a bad habit. D．It’s OK if you smoke here.
3．What is the best title of the passage
A．The Best Hosts
B．The Best Guests
C．Different Cultures in Different Countries
D．Different Guest-host Relationships in Different Cultures
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了中西方在待客之道上的文化差异。
1．细节理解题。根据“In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese friend’s home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water.”可知，在中国，客人被视为“神”一样的存在，会受到热情款待，因此西方客人到中国家庭做客时，会感受到自己像“神”一样被对待。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you should ask, ‘Is it OK if I smoke ’ But don’t be surprised if they say, ‘No, you can’t smoke.’”可知，如果作者家里不允许吸烟，他会直接拒绝客人的吸烟请求。故选B。
3．最佳标题题。全文通过对比中西方在待客之道上的差异，探讨了不同文化背景下主客关系的不同。因此，最合适的标题是“不同文化中的主客关系差异”。故选D。
（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期中）In Chinese, we say “mai dong xī” to mean (意思是) “buy things” or “sell things”. But why is it “dong xi” and not “nan bei” “Dong” and “xi” are directions (方向). How can we “buy” them
Many people believe “mai dong xi” has something to do with (与……有关) a city in ancient China. It was called Chang’an. Today, we call it Xi’an. Chang’an was the capital of many Chinese dynasties (朝代), such as the Tang Dynasty. There was a long road that cut the city in two—the eastern part and the western part. There was a big market in each part.
The two markets sold different things. The western market drew (吸引) many businessmen (商人), workers and mon (普通的) people could buy food and daily goods there. They could also find things from foreign countries, such as Rome. However, the eastern market sold more expensive things, so more officials (官员) and nobles (贵族) went there.
People often said “buy east” if they were going to the eastern market to buy goods. And they said “buy west” when going to the western market. As time passed, “dong xi” became the word for “goods” and “things”.
1．What does the underlined word “ancient” mean
A．Modern. B．Old. C．Amazing. D．Interesting.
2．Why do Chinese people use “dong xi” to mean “things”
A．A long road cut the city into two.
B．People could buy things from western countries.
C．People bought things in the eastern and western markets.
D．There were many things in the city.
3．The best title for this passage is “________”.
A．The history of Chang’an B．The source (来源) of “mai dong xi”
C．The markets in Chang’an D．The life in ancient China.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要探讨了中文里“买东西”中“东西”一词的由来。
1．词句猜测题。Modern现代的；Old古老的；旧的；Amazing令人惊奇的；Interesting有趣的。根据“In Chinese,…a city in ancient China.”，这里说“mai dong xi”和中国古代的一个城市有关，结合常识，与现在相对的是过去、古代，可知“ancient”在这里的意思是“古老的；古代的”，和“Old”意思相近。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“People often said ‘buy east’…became the word for ‘goods’ and ‘things’.”可知人们去东边市场买东西就说“买东”，去西边市场买东西就说“买西”，随着时间推移，“东西”就成了“物品”“东西”的代名词。故选C。
3．最佳标题题。根据文章整体围绕着为什么中文里用“东西”来表示“买东西”或“卖东西”中的“东西”展开，先提出疑问，然后讲述了和古代长安城东西两个市场相关的情况，解释了 “东西” 一词的来源。可知选项B“‘买东西’的来源”，符合题意。故选B。
（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）We usually send and receive information through the movement of our bodies. Body language can express (表达) different feelings. We often use gestures (手势) or body movements to express our mind. For example, when someone is giving a talk, he or she may often use his or her hands to emphasize (强调) points.
The victory (胜利) sign, the OK sign, the goodbye wave and the blowing of a kiss are all popular gestures in America. However, most of these gestures are not accepted (接受) by people in other countries. For example, the OK gesture means acceptance in America, but it has other meanings in other countries. In France, it means worthlessness (无价值), while in Greece it is a sign of quite disrespect (不尊重).
There are some other differences in the non-verbal (非语言的) messages of people of different sexes (性别). In American culture, men usually sit or stand with their legs apart and hands outward, while women usually keep their legs together and their hands at their sides. Women sit quietly than men most of the time. Women are also better than men at expressing themselves using gestures.
In short, body language is simple and useful, so we should learn how to use it in our daily lives.
1．Which gestures are talked about in this passage
①the stop sign ②the OK sign ③the goodbye sign
④the quiet sign ⑤the victory sign ⑥the kiss sign
A．①②③⑤ B．②③⑤⑥ C．①③⑤⑥ D．②③④⑤
2．The OK gesture means worthlessness in ________.
A．the United States B．France C．Greece D．Japan
3．The writer believes that ________.
A．gestures are easy to learn for women
B．different countries have the same gestures
C．men usually sit quietly more often than women
D．women are better at expressing themselves by using gestures
4．We learn from the passage that ________.
A．if we want to emphasize our points, we must use gestures
B．the blowing of a kiss is thought to be rude in Greece
C．there are differences between men’s and women’s non-verbal messages
D．many people don’t like to express themselves by using gestures
5．What’s the best title for this passage
A．Body language. B．The OK sign. C．Different Cultures. D．Popular languages.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文主要讨论了肢体语言在不同文化中的表达和理解差异，以及男女在非语言交流中的不同表现。
1．细节理解题。根据“The victory (胜利) sign, the OK sign, the goodbye wave and the blowing of a kiss are all popular gestures in America. ”可知，文章围绕4种手势展开。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“For example, the OK gesture means acceptance in America, but it has other meanings in other countries. In France, it means worthlessness (无价值), ”可知，在法国OK手势意味着无价值。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Women are also better than men at expressing themselves using gestures.”可知，女人比男人更善于用手势表达自己。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“There are some other differences in the non-verbal (非语言的) messages of people of different sexes (性别).”可知，在不同性别的人的手势中有一些不同之处。故选C。
5．主旨大意题。根据“Body language can express (表达) different feelings. ”及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述肢体语言。故选A。
重难语篇拔高练
（24-25八年级上·江苏常州·期中）As we know, there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. We can see these differences in the way people use language, particularly when it comes to words about animals and plants.
In Chinese culture, most expressions (表达) about dogs often carry negative (负面的) meanings, like “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog” ,“a running dog”, and “a dog catching a mouse” all have negative meanings. However, in Western countries, people think dogs are honest and good friends of people, and often use the expressions about dogs to describe (描述) positive meanings. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means that you are a lucky person, while “every dog has its day” shows the idea that everyone has their moment of good luck. Despite (尽管) these differences, both cultures use the expression “dog-tired” to mean “very tired.”
Cats hold a special place in Chinese culture. They stand for good luck and richness, so people love cats very much. However, Western culture often uses the word “cat” to describe a woman who is rude or unkind. It shows the cultural differences in the use of language.
When it comes to plants, the rose is a symbol (符号) of love, peace, courage, and friendship in both China and some Western countries. It is also the national flower of England, America, and many other countries, showing that people all over the world like it very much.
In all, the words we use to describe animals and plants can be different across cultures, with some expressions carrying positive meanings while others are negative. By studying how people use these words, we can get a better understanding of the cultural differences between different countries. This helps us become better at speaking different languages, and lets us learn more about different cultures.
1．What does “every dog has its day” mean in paragraph 2
A．Everybody in the world is lucky. B．Each person lives his own way of life.
C．If one works hard, he’s sure to be lucky. D．Everybody has a time in life to be lucky.
2．What do Chinese people think of cats
A．Love and friendship. B．Rude and unkind women.
C．Good luck and richness. D．Bad luck and poor conditions.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Words show differences in culture.
B．Chinese people like dogs better than cats.
C．Western people think cats to be good friends.
D．Rose is the national flower of all western countries.
4．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Negative or Positive Expressions in Life
B．Different Countries Have Different Cultures
C．Rose Means the Same in Chinese and English
D．What Dog and Cat Mean in English and Chinese
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了西方文化和中国文化的许多不同之处。
1．词义猜测题。根据“while ‘every dog has its day’ shows the idea that everyone has their moment of good luck. ”可知，“every dog has its day”的意思是每个人都有好运气的时候。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Cats hold a special place in Chinese culture. They stand for good luck and richness, so people love cats very much. ”可知，猫在中国文化中占有特殊的地位。它们代表着好运和财富。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“By studying how people use these words, we can get a better understanding of the cultural differences between different countries. ”可知，通过研究人们如何使用这些词，我们可以更好地了解不同国家之间的文化差异，即语言显示了文化的差异。故选A。
4．最佳标题题。根据“As we know, there are many differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. ”和“By studying how people use these words, we can get a better understanding of the cultural differences between different countries.”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了“不同的国家有不同的文化”。故选B。
（22-23八年级下·江苏南通·期末）China has long been known as a nation of rites (礼仪之邦). Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴席). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners.
One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is portion (一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion (分配) while being served to you on large plates.
As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.
You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan (more commonly known as “that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table”). Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.
As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round
As a round table, the seat of honor (首位) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway—outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honor would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment, the table of honor is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door.
The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honor, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying “吃吧” which means “Please eat”.
1．What should we do if we have meals in a public setting
A．Bring your own chopsticks from home. B．Use communal chopsticks to get food.
C．Use your own chopsticks to share food. D．Share the food with others’ chopsticks.
2．What does the underlined word “spin” in the passage mean
A．turn something around B．pull something nearer
C．pick something up D．move something away
3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Why the table is round B．How can you find a seat
C．Which is the honor seat D．Who is the most important
4．How does the writer organize the article
A．In time order. B．From specific to general.
C．In space order. D．From general to specific.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。
1．细节理解题。根据第3段“As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.”可知，如果我们在公共场所用餐，我们该用公用筷子取食物，故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据带下划线的单词所在句子“It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.”可知，文章中带下划线的单词“spin”意思是“转动某物”，故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据“Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together.”可知，第4段的主要思想是“为什么桌子是圆的”，故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇短文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。中国人在正式场合下举止得体，无论是婚礼、庆祝派对还是宴会。中国餐桌礼仪的基本规则包括共享餐食、使用公共餐具、注意卫生和尊重座位次序。作者是从一般到具体组织文章的，故选D。
