2025年牛津译林版中考英语复习.基础知识专项汇总-冠词（含解析）

2.基础知识专项汇总-名词
二、名词
表人名或地名: Simon, Changzhou, ...
专有名词
由普通名词构成的：the Great Wall, the People’s Park, ...
1.名词
不可数名词 knowledge, information, news, truth,health,...milk， bread，...
fun, weather, achieve, traffic, progress, furniture...
普通名词 集体名词：family, police, class, team,....
可数名词 单数：desk， astronaut, .....
个体名词
复数: desks , astronauts, .......
单数变复数 ①规则变化： +s, +es,(heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,mangoes,)
-y结尾变-ies, -f,-fe结尾变-ves （shelves, thieves, halves...）
②不规则：men, women, Englishmen, Frenchmen, policemen, feet, teeth, children ,mice,...
某国人：记忆口诀：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。Chinese, Japanese,
Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Americans, Australians, Russians, Italians, Europeans, Canadians.......
③单复数同形式：＊deer, Chinese, Japanese, spacecraft, aircraft,
名词的所有格
①记住以下所有格形式：Lily and Lucy’s mother(共同占有), Lily’s and Lucy’s bags（分别占有）, someone else’s pencil
②双重所有格：a friend of mine, some books of my father’s ，
a picture of his brother 一张他兄弟的照片（本人的）
a picture of his brother’s 他兄弟的照片中的一张（不一定是他本人的）
③表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加-‘s构成所有格。
today’s news, ten minutes’ walk/ride/drive, last year’s cards, Beijing’s past and present
表示某人家，店铺 at Mr Green’s, at the doctor’s, ...
名词作定语常用单数：
an apple tree →many apple trees, a shoe factory → many shoe factories
注意: a man/woman teacher → many men/women teachers, men’s / women’s clothes
复合形容词中的名词用单数 an 8-year-old boy
5.注意一些名词的可数与不可数的判断。 bring you success/a big success
experience(经验） experience(经历） have time （有时间） a good/short time a heavy rain/snow.....
6.名词→→形容词:
①+ y: cloud→cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy, healthy, lucky,wealthy，tasty...
②+ly: friendly, lovely, lively, lonely,weekly, daily,ugly… (！！一般以ly结尾都
是副词，这几个是特例)
③+ ful: useful, careful, helpful, thankful, harmful, peaceful,
＊grateful，cheerful….
④+less: useless, careless, helpless, ＊thankless, harmless,endless,
homeless...
⑤+ en : wood→wooden, golden, ...
⑥+ ern: eastern, southern, western, northern
⑦+ al: personal, educational, traditional, natural, medical, national,
＊physical(身体的，物理的，物质的),...
⑧+ ous: dangerous, humour→ humorous …
⑨ value - valuable
7. 名词→→名词:
tour → tourist art → artist science →scientist …
形容词→→名词:
①后缀-ness: busy→business, happiness, blindness, kindness, illness, sickness,darkness,unhappiness, unkindness,carelessness,…
②-th: strong→strength, length, truth ...
③-ce: different→difference, importance, confidence, silence,
＊patience...
④-dom: wise→wisdom, free→freedom...
⑤其他：difficult→difficulty, safety, purity, height,
pleased/pleasant→pleasure, able→ability,…
9.动词→→名词:
①-ing: build→building, meaning, feeling, beginning, swimming, finishing, crossing...
②-er: worker, traveller, driver, leader, printer, performer, winner, waiter......
③-or: invent→inventor, monitor, doctor, visitor, actor,director,…
④-tion: act→action, celebration,＊invitation, education, invention, operation, donation, collection, organization....
⑤-ment: agreement, development, improvement,advertisement,instrument,…
⑥其他： grow→growth, decision, arrival, discussion , choose→choice,
die-death, lose-loss, attract→attractive →attraction
【巩固练习】
1.(2024江苏扬州中考统考真题)—Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ________ like small size and short development cycle.
A. stages B. advantages C. messages D. passages
2.(2023江苏常州中考统考真题)After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good _______ in her new home and got better.
A. education B. communication C. entertainment D. treatment
3.(2023江苏镇江中考统考真题)The main _______ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.
A. attraction B. pollution C. invention D. situation
4.(2023江苏南通中考统考真题)—_______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A. Speeches B. Decisions C. Promises D. Suggestions
5.(2023江苏扬州中考统考真题)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful _______!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
6.(2023江苏泰州中考统考真题)—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.
—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the _______ of our country.
A. price B. pioneer C. pride D. pain
7.(2023江苏宿迁中考统考真题)—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our _______ in yesterday’s English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A. condition B. attention C. invention D. position
8.(2023江苏徐州中考统考真题)Of all the _______, I love summer best.
A. seasons B. subjects C. colours D. hobbies
9.(2023江苏淮安中考统考真题)As a student, you should keep a _______ between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A. diary B. record C. secret D. balance
10.(2022江苏南京中考统考真题)There are four ways to travel from London to Amsterdam and the best _______ is by train because the journey takes only four hours.
choice B. subject C. question D. purpose
11.(2022江苏连云港中考统考真题)The hat is not the right ____ for me. I’d like a smaller one.
A. size B. style C. colour D. material
12.(2022江苏常州中考统考真题)Although the match is moving in an unexpected _______, our team will win finally, I believe.
A. instruction B. introduction C. position D. direction
13.(2022江苏镇江中考统考真题)Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______.
A. achievement B. agreement C. development D. entertainment
14.(2022江苏南通中考统考真题)Mr. Fang introduces a lot about the _______ which is organized to help wild animals.
A. product B. promise C. present D. project
15.(2022江苏扬州中考统考真题)We youths do our best for our dreams and together a small success can give us a sense of _______.
A. achievement B. department C. treatment D. entertainment
16.(2022江苏宿迁中考统考真题)My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the _______ cartoon characters.
A. ability B. weight C. shape D. quality
17.(2022江苏徐州中考统考真题)From my _______ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation
18.(2022江苏盐城中考统考真题)Girls in our class show interest in _______. Some like painting and others like dancing.
A. art B. sports C. fashion D. literature
19.（2024 安徽中考真题）--Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now
—Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are______.
A. friends B. neighbors C. classmates D. strangers
20.. （2024 安徽中考真题）----What is the_______ of your excellent spoken English
-----Practice makes perfect!
A. result B. influence C. duty D. secret
21. （2024江苏宿迁考真题）Wu Wei, a young artist, has received high______ from the art community for his sculptures.
A. pride B. praise C. promise D. progress
22. （2024四川内江中考真题）______ mothers can’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.
A. Alice and Lily’s B. Alice’s and Lily’s C. Alice’s and Lily
23. （2024 广东肇庆中考真题）---Do you remember______
---- Yes, it is Try Everything.
A. the song name B. the name of the song C. the song names D. the song of the name
24.（2024 中考真题）---- ______ is it from my school to the supermarket --- About ______.
A. How long; half an hour B. How far; 15 minutes’ walk
C. How far; 15 - minute drive D. How far; 15 - minute walk
25.（2024 中考真题）--- Maria, could you please come and see me in ______ time
---- With pleasure. That’s what I'm expecting.
A.two or three days B. two or three days’ C. two or three day’s D. two or three day
26.（2024 中考真题）My driving coach is a teacher with ______ experience and we can learn ______ from him.
A. a great deal of; a great deal B. a great deal; a great deal of
C. a great number of; a great deal D. plenty of; a great deal of
27.(2024 中考真题）-- How many ______ did you make --- Five. Is it enough Do I need to make ______
A. bread; another one B. breads; one more piece
C. pieces of bread; one more bread D. pieces of bread; another piece
28（2024 中考真题）---If I get the job, I’ll make ______ more money.
---Yes, you will get more ______ each month.
A. a little; dollar B. a few; dollars C. a little; dollars D. a few; dollar
29.（2024中考真题）--Are all the students from ______ in your class
--- No, there are only 3 ______ in our class. The others are from other countries.
A. Germany, Germen B. Germany, Germans C. German, Germans D. German, Germany
30.（2024 中考真题）I don’t know how to learn English well. My teachers give me ______.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. some suggestion
答案
1.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。stages阶段；advantages优势；messages信息；passages段落。根据“Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18”可知，答语应是介绍带它们上去的原因，结合“like small size and short development cycle”可知，这些应是它们的优势，故选B。句意：“你知道为什么要把斑马鱼带到神舟十八号上去吗？”“它们具有体积小、培育周期短等优点。”
2.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。education教育；communication交流；entertainment娱乐；treatment治疗。根据“the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good...in her new home and got better.”可知生病的丫丫接受了治疗，开始变得好转，故选D。句意：患病的大熊猫丫丫被带回中国后，在新家接受了良好的治疗，病情有所好转。
3.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。attraction有吸引力的特征；pollution污染；invention发明；situation情况。根据“the Grand Canal(大运河)is history and culture.”可知，是指大运河沿岸城市的历史和文化很吸引人，故选A。句意：大运河沿岸城市最吸引人的地方是历史和文化。
4.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。Speeches演讲；Decisions决定；Promises承诺；Suggestions建议。根据“... are easily made, but not easily kept.”结合常识可知容易许下却不易遵守的是承诺，故选C。句意：“承诺容易，遵守不易。”“这是真的。一旦你做出了决定，一定要守诺。”
5.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。movement移动，转移；attraction有吸引力的事物；experience经历；research研究。根据“A boat tour is a wonderful”可知，此处说的是一种体验/经历，故选C。句意：“扬州有哪些名胜古迹？”“我推荐瘦西湖。乘船游览是一种美妙的体验！”
6.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。price价格；pioneer先驱；pride骄傲；pain痛苦。根据“No matter who wins the medals, it is the...of our country.”可知，无论谁获奖都是祖国的骄傲，故选C。句意：“好消息！中国女子乒乓球队再次获得一金一银。”“太棒了！无论谁赢得奖牌，都是我们国家的骄傲。”
7.【答案】B 【解析】考查名词。condition条件；attention注意；invention发明；position位置。根据“Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.”可知引起了大家的注意，故选B。句意：“在昨天的英语演讲比赛中，这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。”“是的，许多学生忍不住为她欢呼。”
8.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。seasons季节；subjects科目；colours颜色；hobbies爱好。根据“I love summer best.”可知，此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季，故选A。句意：在所有的季节中，我最喜欢夏季。
9.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。diary日记；record记录；secret秘密；balance平衡。根据“between your schoolwork and your hobbies.”可知是保持学业和爱好之间的平衡，故选D。句意：作为一名学生，你应该在学业和爱好之间保持平衡。
10.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。choice选择；subject科目；question问题；purpose意图。从伦敦到阿姆斯特丹有四种旅行方式，最佳选择是乘火车去，因为这段旅程只需要四个小时。
11.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。size大小，尺寸；style款式；colour颜色；material材料。根据“I’d like a smaller one”可知，是尺寸不合适，故选A。句意：这顶帽子大小不适合我。我想要小一点的。
12.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。instruction指导；introduction介绍；position位置；direction方向。根据“Although the match is moving in an unexpected..., our team will win finally, I believe.”可知，此处指的是比赛的走向，direction“方向”符合题意，故选D。句意：虽然比赛走向了一个意想不到的方向，但我相信我们队最终会赢。
13.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。achievement成就；agreement同意；development发展；entertainment娱乐。根据“Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of...”可知，听音乐和看电影都是娱乐方式，故选D。句意：听音乐和看电影都是放松的娱乐方式。
14.【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。product产品；promise诺言；present礼物；project项目。根据“is organized to help wild animals.”可知，此处是指帮助野生动物的项目，故选D。句意：方先生介绍了很多关于帮助野生动物的项目。
15.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。achievement成就；department部门；treatment治疗；entertainment娱乐。根据“a small success can give us a sense of”可知，表达成就感，用名词“achievement”，故选A。句意：我们年轻人尽我们最大的努力实现我们的梦想，共同取得一个小小的胜利就会给我们一种成就感。
16.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。ability能力；weight重量；shape形状；quality质量；根据“cut out pictures in the...cartoon characters”可知，是剪出卡通人物的形状，故选C。句意：我奶奶擅长剪纸。她能把图片剪成卡通人物的形状。
17.【答案】C 【解析】考查名词。tradition传统；condition条件；position位置；situation形式，情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知，此处是要表示一个位置，故选C。句意：从我在电视塔顶部的位置，我可以完美地看到我们的城市。
18.【答案】A 【解析】考查名词。art艺术；sports运动；fashion时尚；literature文学。根据“Some like painting and others like dancing.”可知，画画和跳舞都属于艺术范畴，故选A。句意：我们班的女生对艺术很感兴趣。有些人喜欢画画，有些人喜欢跳舞。
19.答案：D 解析：由答语“对不起，我不认识他”可知两人是“陌生人”。
20.答案：D 解析：根据答语“熟能生巧”可知，问句是问出色英语口语的“秘诀”是什么
21.答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，年轻艺术家应该是受到艺术界的高度“赞扬”。
22.答案：B 解析：表示她们各自的母亲，用Alice’s and Lily’s。
23.答案：B 解析：表示“歌曲的名字”用the name of the song。
24.【答案】D 【解析】询问距离用 how far；“15 分钟的步行路程” 用 15 - minute walk 表示，故选 D。
25【答案】B 【解析】“两三天的时间” 用 two or three days’ time 表示，故选 B。
26.【答案】A 【解析】experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词，用 a great deal of 修饰；a great deal 可作名词短语，意为 “许多”，故选 A。
27.【答案】D 【解析】bread 是不可数名词，用 “数词 + pieces of + 不可数名词” 来表示数量；“再做一块” 用 another piece 表示，故选 D。
数名词复数，orange 的复数形式是 oranges，故选 B。
28.【答案】C 【解析】money 是不可数名词，用 a little 修饰；dollar 是可数名词，more 后接可数名词复数，故选 C。
29.【答案】B 【解析】Germany意为“德国”；German 意为“德国人”，其复数形式是 Germans，故选 B。
30【答案】B 【解析】advice 是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故选 B。suggestion可数名词,有复数形式.