阅读生词处理
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 能够合理处理阅读理解中的生词
问题层级图
目标层级图
一．识记一些题干中常考单词
1. 关于文章主旨大意的生词
例：
What does the passage mainly tell us
The article is about a rock band.
From Paragraph 3 we know that ....
The underlined part actually shows Albert Einstein was a/an ...person.
练习
passage/ article ______ → paragraph______→ sentence______→ word______→underlined parts ______
Keys: 文章, 段落, 句子,单词, 划线部分
例：
The topic of this article is about the World Cup.
The most important purpose of writing this letter is to ....
This passage mainly tells us....
What’s the best title of this passage
翻译
purpose______, mainly______, topic______,main idea______,title ______, author______.
Keys: 目的, 主要的, 主题,主旨大意,标题, 作者.
2. 关于推断细节的生词
例：
What can we learn from the grandfather’s words about the life in the US
According to the passage, Albert Einstein ...haircuts and new clothes.
75. Which of the following is right according to the passage
72. Mr. Hawking believes that aliens will come to Earth to...
翻译
learn from______, according to______, think of______, infer______, following_____, believe______，true=right______.
Keys: 得知, 根据, 认为， 推断,下面的, 认为，正确的.
二、学会处理文章中的生词理解句子大意
那些没必要知道意思的词
例:
Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
How do you like to go to school like this one in Oxford, England
Five people will climb together with Jordan.
After arriving in New York, he went into a cafeteria in Manhattan to get something to eat.
总结
一些人名，_______, ________等，我们可以将他们替换成A,B,C或者一个我们熟知的名字如
XiaoMing, XDF等来帮助我们理解文章，没必要深究他们的含义。
Keys:地名，国家名
2. 有生词也能看懂句意
例:
In 1978, a 17-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians to make a
band.
Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
Next, you can read a book anywhere--- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom.
The famous British scientist Stephen Hawking says people should not look for aliens because they
are dangerous.
思考：谁做了什么？
总结
句子中出现生词，试着提取主干，抓住句子主要意思。
例：
1. In 1978, a 17-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians to make a
band.
2. Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
3. Next, you can read a book anywhere--- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom.
主语 谓语 宾语/表语
1.
2.
3.
Keys:
主语 谓语 宾语/表语
1. Larry Mullen (A) looked for some musicians
2. Albert Einstein(B) was a great scientist
3. You can read a book
练习
In 1910, Einstein asked a question which many children often ask, “Why is the sky blue ”
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
It is widely used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
With the help of a person, a computer can draw pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, translate languages and so on.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks (岩石) , because you are no longer heavy.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. Bob looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy had no feet.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
Keys: A asked a question.
It is used.
A computer can draw pictures, talk with people ...
It is easy for you to climb big rocks.
Bob looked at him and was surprised.
三、如何猜测句子中生词
1. 根据定义及解释猜测词义
例：
A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.
He is a dentist, that is to say, a person whose job is to take care of people’s teeth.
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
总结
定义描述法： 即根据定义或释义猜测词义。
标志词：1）表解释的词有：____________; 2)标点符号: ____________；3) 定语从句
Keys: 1) is, mean, that is to say; 2)破折号，冒号；
练习
“No man is an island” means no one can live a completely isolated life . Without other people , life became empty and sad . We all need friends .
（ ）The first sentence “No man is an island” means________.
no one can live on an island B. everyone needs friends
C. man enjoys living alone D. we all should be friendly
2. 根据上下文猜测词义
例：
1. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.(=disagree)
根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。
2. Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.(=talkative)
同义关系
I could see nothing because the light was too faint . (=dark)
总结
因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，________，________.
Keys: because ;so; as, since, for
4. He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning.(=守时的)
总结
对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。
标志词：________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________.
Keys: but, however, although , though，while, rather than, instead of
It’s our duty to protect it and everybody has responsibility to protect the earth.(=duty)
总结
并列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，________，________.
Keys: and, also, as … as, the same as
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.(=家禽)
总结
举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，for instance.
Keys: such as, like, for example
7. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought.(=dry)
根据生活常识猜测词义。
I made some coffee but it was terrible. In fact, my sister said it was undrinkable.(=不能喝的)
构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。
拓展：
常见前后缀:
表示否定的有: _________________________.
(repeat, review, recite) → re-表示: _______.
(supermarket, superman) → super-表示: _______.
Keys: dis-, un-,in-,im-, -less, mis-; 再一次；超级
练习
1. We know exercise is necessary in our life. Everyone needs to exercise.
( ) What does the underlined word “necessary” mean
有用的 B.有准备的 C.必要的 D.无所谓的
If there is a “No Swimming” sign, don’t get into water.
( ) The sign “No Swimming” means “________”.
A. get into water B. don’t get into water
C. don’t play into water D. play into water
I’m careful not to waste electricity. For example, I always turn the lights off when I leave a room.
( ) What does the word “electricity” mean in the passage
A. 石油 B. 粮食 C. 电 D. 光
4. He had been getting better, however , during the night his condition deteriorated.
The underlined word means _______
A. 好转 B.恶化 C.保持 D.改变
5. It can be used to express feelings of interest in almost everything.
A. nearly B. hardly C. most D. all
Keys: 1. C, B, C,B,A
四、理解文章及题干含义，学会处理及猜测生词
Potatoes Salads Sandwiches Soups
dry 63 cabbage 125 apple and beef 161 bean 189
French fries 67 chicken egg 137 cheese 170 beef 192
new 82 fruits 139 chicken 172 carrot 196 .
sour 100 green 151 cold meat 182 chicken 220
65. In this passage the word "green" means a kind of_________.
A. color B. salad C. cookbook
Keys: B
Pigs have a very good sense of smell(嗅觉)．They can find things nearby or faraway．They can also help the police to sniff out drugs(毒品)at an airport or at a train station.
75．The underlined phrase “sniff out” probably means ________something by nose．
A．smell B．discover C．feel
Keys: A阅读生词处理
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 能够合理处理阅读理解中的生词
问题层级图
目标层级图
一．识记一些题干中常考单词
1. 关于文章主旨大意的生词
例：
What does the passage mainly tell us
The article is about a rock band.
From Paragraph 3 we know that ....
The underlined part actually shows Albert Einstein was a/an ...person.
练习
passage/ article ______ → paragraph______→ sentence______→ word______→underlined parts ______
例：
The topic of this article is about the World Cup.
The most important purpose of writing this letter is to ....
This passage mainly tells us....
What’s the best title of this passage
翻译
purpose______, mainly______, topic______,main idea______,title ______, author______.
2. 关于推断细节的生词
例：
What can we learn from the grandfather’s words about the life in the US
According to the passage, Albert Einstein ...haircuts and new clothes.
75. Which of the following is right according to the passage
72. Mr. Hawking believes that aliens will come to Earth to...
翻译
learn from______, according to______, think of______, infer______, following_____, believe______，true=right______.
二、学会处理文章中的生词理解句子大意
那些没必要知道意思的词
例:
Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
How do you like to go to school like this one in Oxford, England
Five people will climb together with Jordan.
After arriving in New York, he went into a cafeteria in Manhattan to get something to eat.
总结
一些人名，_______, ________等，我们可以将他们替换成A,B,C或者一个我们熟知的名字如
XiaoMing, XDF等来帮助我们理解文章，没必要深究他们的含义。
2. 有生词也能看懂句意
例:
In 1978, a 17-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians to make a
band.
Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
Next, you can read a book anywhere--- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom.
The famous British scientist Stephen Hawking says people should not look for aliens because they
are dangerous.
总结
句子中出现生词，试着提取主干，抓住句子主要意思。
例：
1. In 1978, a 17-year-old high school student, Larry Mullen, looked for some musicians to make a
band.
2. Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 in Germany, was a great scientist in the world.
3. Next, you can read a book anywhere--- in a car, on a plane, or even in the bathroom.
主语 谓语 宾语/表语
1.
2.
3.
练习
In 1910, Einstein asked a question which many children often ask, “Why is the sky blue ”
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
It is widely used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
With the help of a person, a computer can draw pictures, write music, talk with people, play chess, translate languages and so on.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks (岩石) , because you are no longer heavy.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. Bob looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy had no feet.
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
三、如何猜测句子中生词
1. 根据定义及解释猜测词义
例：
A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.
He is a dentist, that is to say, a person whose job is to take care of people’s teeth.
A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
总结
定义描述法： 即根据定义或释义猜测词义。
标志词：1）表解释的词有：____________; 2)标点符号: ____________；3) 定语从句
练习
“No man is an island” means no one can live a completely isolated life . Without other people , life became empty and sad . We all need friends .
（ ）The first sentence “No man is an island” means________.
no one can live on an island B. everyone needs friends
C. man enjoys living alone D. we all should be friendly
2. 根据上下文猜测词义
例：
1. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.(=disagree)
根据同义词或反义词猜测词义。
2. Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.(=talkative)
同义关系
I could see nothing because the light was too faint . (=dark)
总结
因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，________，________.
4. He is a punctual boy, but he was late this morning.(=守时的)
总结
对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。
标志词：________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________, ________.
It’s our duty to protect it and everybody has responsibility to protect the earth.(=duty)
总结
并列关系：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，________，________.
On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.(=家禽)
总结
举例归纳法：根据例子隶属的类别归纳出词义。
标志词：________， ________，________，for instance.
7. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought.(=dry)
根据生活常识猜测词义。
I made some coffee but it was terrible. In fact, my sister said it was undrinkable.(=不能喝的)
构词法：根据词根、前缀、后缀猜测词义。
拓展：
常见前后缀:
表示否定的有: _________________________.
(repeat, review, recite) → re-表示: _______.
(supermarket, superman) → super-表示: _______.
练习
1. We know exercise is necessary in our life. Everyone needs to exercise.
( ) What does the underlined word “necessary” mean
有用的 B.有准备的 C.必要的 D.无所谓的
If there is a “No Swimming” sign, don’t get into water.
( ) The sign “No Swimming” means “________”.
A. get into water B. don’t get into water
C. don’t play into water D. play into water
I’m careful not to waste electricity. For example, I always turn the lights off when I leave a room.
( ) What does the word “electricity” mean in the passage
A. 石油 B. 粮食 C. 电 D. 光
4. He had been getting better, however , during the night his condition deteriorated.
The underlined word means _______
A. 好转 B.恶化 C.保持 D.改变
5. It can be used to express feelings of interest in almost everything.
A. nearly B. hardly C. most D. all
四、理解文章及题干含义，学会处理及猜测生词
Potatoes Salads Sandwiches Soups
dry 63 cabbage 125 apple and beef 161 bean 189
French fries 67 chicken egg 137 cheese 170 beef 192
new 82 fruits 139 chicken 172 carrot 196 .
sour 100 green 151 cold meat 182 chicken 220
65. In this passage the word "green" means a kind of_________.
A. color B. salad C. cookbook
Pigs have a very good sense of smell(嗅觉)．They can find things nearby or faraway．They can also help the police to sniff out drugs(毒品)at an airport or at a train station.
75．The underlined phrase “sniff out” probably means ________something by nose．
A．smell B．discover C．feel
