通用版小学英语小升初语法专项——形容词讲义+练习(含答案)

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名称 通用版小学英语小升初语法专项——形容词讲义+练习(含答案)
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更新时间 2025-04-13 10:33:35

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小升初语法专项——形容词讲义+练习
形容词(Adjectives)
形容词是用来描述或修饰名词和代词的词语,提供关于人、地点、事物等更多的信息。通过形容词,我们可以表达出对象的大小、颜色、形状、数量、质量等多种属性。
1. 基本概念
·定义:形容词用于描述名词或代词的特点。
·功能:
1)描述名词或代词的特征(如颜色、大小、形状)。
2)表达情感或态度。
3)提供更多信息以帮助明确或限定名词的意义。
示例:
The red car is fast. (红色的车很快。)
She has a big house. (她有一座大房子。)
2. 形容词的位置
·前置形容词:通常位于被修饰名词之前。 示例:
a happy dog. (一只快乐的狗。)
a big house (一座大房子)
a red apple (一个红苹果)
·后置形容词:某些情况下,形容词可以放在被修饰名词之后,尤其是在特定短语或句型中。 示例:
Something interesting happened yesterday. (昨天发生了一些有趣的事情。)
3. 比较级与最高级
形容词可以通过添加特定的后缀或使用助词来表示比较级(两个事物之间的比较)和最高级(三个或更多事物之间的比较)。
·单音节形容词:通常在词尾加“-er”构成比较级,“-est”构成最高级。
示例:small → smaller → smallest fast → faster → fastest
·双音节形容词(如果以-y结尾):将-y变为-i,再加“-er”构成比较级,“-est”构成最高级。
示例:happy → happier → happiest busy → busier → busiest
·多音节形容词:在形容词前加上“more”构成比较级,“most”构成最高级。
示例:beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
·不规则变化:一些形容词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式。 这些词需要单独记忆。示例:good → better → best
常见的不规则变化形容词及其比较级和最高级形式
原形 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
little less least
many/much more most
old older/elder oldest/eldest
late later/latter latest/last
最高级前加 "the" 的规则
在英语中,当使用形容词的最高级形式时,通常需要在形容词前加上定冠词 "the"。这是因为最高级表示的是一个特定范围内的最极端情况(最大、最小、最好等),因此需要用定冠词来特指这个唯一的对象或一组对象中的最突出者。
·一般规则
当形容词转换为最高级形式时,在大多数情况下,最高级形容词前必须加上定冠词 "the"。
示例:
She is the tallest girl in her class. (她是她班上最高的女孩。)
This is the most interesting book I've ever read. (这是我读过的最有趣的书。)
·不加 "the" 的例外情况
1)在某些固定短语或表达中:有些情况下,最高级形容词前面不需要加 "the"。例如,在一些含有最高级形容词的固定短语中,如 "at first", "at last", "at least" 等。 示例:
He arrived at last. (他终于到了。)
At least ten people were injured in the accident. (事故中至少有十人受伤。)
2)在没有明确限定范围的情况下:如果句子没有明确指出比较的范围,那么有时可以省略 "the"。 示例:
Of all sports, I like basketball best. (在所有运动中,我最喜欢篮球。)这里虽然用了最高级的概念,但因为 "best" 在这种上下文中常被用作副词,所以不加 "the"。
·与物主代词连用
当最高级形容词与物主代词(如 my, your, his 等)连用时,通常不需要再加 "the",因为物主代词已经起到了限定作用。
示例:
This is my best friend. (这是我的好朋友。)
That was her happiest moment. (那是她最快乐的时刻。)
·在疑问句和否定句中的使用
在疑问句和否定句中,最高级形容词前同样需要加 "the"。
示例:
Who is the smartest student in your class (你们班上谁是最聪明的学生?)
I haven't seen the biggest waterfall yet. (我还没见过最大的瀑布。)
·特殊情况
有时候,为了强调某个概念,可以在最高级形容词前加上其他限定词,这时 "the" 可以被替换或者省略。
示例:
It's a most beautiful place. (这是一个非常美丽的地方。)这里的 "a" 强调了该地方的美丽程度,而非特定的一个地点。
5. 特殊类型的形容词
·复合形容词:由两个或多个单词组成的形容词,通常中间会加上连字符“-”。
示例:
long-term plan (长期计划)
five-year-old child (五岁的孩子)
·限定性形容词:用来限制名词范围的形容词,如所有格、指示代词、疑问代词等。示例:
my book, this cat, whose pen
6. 使用形容词时的注意事项
·顺序问题:当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,它们之间有一定的排列顺序。 示例:A small, round, wooden table.
·避免重复:不要在同一句子中对同一个名词使用过多相似意义的形容词。
示例:
不推荐:a very big, large house.
推荐:a very big house.
【练习题】
填空题
This is the __________ (tall) tree in our school.
She has __________ (many) books than I do.
He is __________ (old) than his sister.
That was the __________ (good) movie I have ever seen.
The weather today is __________ (cold) than yesterday.
They are looking for a __________ (peace) place to rest.
My brother is the __________ (young) of us all.
It's one of the __________ (famous) cities in the world.
The __________ (early) you start, the sooner you finish.
We need some __________ (clean) water to drink.
His speech was very __________ (inspire).
This is a __________ (beauty) garden.
She looks very __________ (happy) today.
The __________ (late) news said it might rain tomorrow.
The children are playing in the __________ (sun) park.
This is the __________ (hard) test I've ever done.
Her dress is __________ (colorful) than mine.
Tom is the __________ (fast) runner in his class.
Please give me a __________ (little) milk.
She wears a pair of __________ (glass).
二、单选题
( )1. Which is __________
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the farthest
( )2. She is __________ student in her class.
A. the cleverest B. cleverer C. clever D. cleverest
( )3. The __________ part of the day is the morning.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )4. This is __________ book I’ve ever read.
interesting B. more interesting
C. most interesting D. the most interesting
( )5. He runs __________ than me.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
( )6. Of all the students, John is __________.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
( )7. Is this the __________ way to the museum
A. direct B. more direct C. most direct D. the most direct
( )8. Who is the __________ in your family
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
( )9. This soup tastes __________.
delicious B. more delicious
C. most delicious D. the most delicious
( )10. The situation seems to be getting ________ as time goes on.
A. bad B. worse C. worst D. the worst
【答案】
一、填空题答案
1. tallest 2. more 3. older 4. best 5. colder
6. peaceful 7. youngest 8. most famous 9. earlier 10. clean
11. inspiring 12. beautiful 13. happy 14. latest 15. sunny
16. hardest 17. more colorful 18. fastest 19. little 20. glasses
二、单选题答案
1-5 DADDB 6-10 DDCAB