2025年人教版英语八下基础知识速记与巧练
Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks速记
重点词汇
1. cheer v.欢呼,喝彩
2. volunteer v.自愿做;n.志愿者
3. sign n.标志,信号
4. notice n.&v.通知,公告;注意到,意识到
5. lonely adj.孤独的,寂寞的
6. several pron.几个,一些
7. strong adj.强烈的,强壮的
8. feeling n.感觉,感触,感情
9. satisfaction n.满足,满意
10. joy n.高兴,愉快
11 owner n.物主,主人
12. journey n.(长途)旅行
13. raise v.募集,征集
14. midnight n.午夜,子夜
15. alone adv.独自,单独
16. repair v.修理,修补
17. fix v.修理,安装
18. broken adj.破损的,残缺的
19. wheel n.车轮,摩天轮
20. letter n.信件,字母
21. disabled adj.丧失能力的,使残疾的
22. blind adj.失明的,瞎的
23. deaf adj.失聪的,聋的
24. imagine v.想象,设想
25. difficulty n.困难,难题
Unit2 I'll help to clean up the city parks巧练
一、重点词汇
1. v.欢呼,喝彩
2. v.自愿做;n.志愿者
3. n.标志,信号
4. n.&v.通知,公告;注意到,意识到
5. adj.孤独的,寂寞的
6. pron.几个,一些
7. adj.强烈的,强壮的
8. n.感觉,感触,感情
9. n.满足,满意
10. n.高兴,愉快
11 n.物主,主人
12. n.(长途)旅行
13. v.募集,征集
14. n.午夜,子夜
15. adv.独自,单独
16. v.修理,修补
17. v.修理,安装
18. adj.破损的,残缺的
19. n.车轮,摩天轮
20. n.信件,字母
21. adj.丧失能力的,使残疾的
22. adj.失明的,瞎的
23. adj.失聪的,聋的
24. v.想象,设想
25. n.困难,难题
26. open v.打开
27. carry v.拿,提,扛,搬
28. training n.训练,培训
29. train v.训练,培训;n.火车
30. excited adj.激动的,兴奋的
31. kindness n.仁慈,善良
32. clever adj.聪明的
33. understand v.理解,领会
34. change n.&v.改变,变化
35. interest n.兴趣;v.使感兴趣
词汇变形
feel 感觉(v.)→ _______________________ (n.)感觉
satisfy使……满意(v.)→ __________ (n.)满足
own 拥有(v.)→ _____________________ (n.)物主;主人
different 不同的(adj.)→ ___________________ (n.)差别
imagine 想象(v.)→ ______________________ (n.)想象力
difficult 困难的(adj.)→ ____________________ (n.)困难→ _________________________ (复数)
home (n.) 家→ _____________________(adj.) 无家可归的
train 训练 (v.) → _________________________(n.)训练
able能够的(adj.)→ _________________ adj. 有残疾的
excite 使……兴奋(v.)→ __________________ (adj.)感到兴奋的(指人)→ ______________(adj.)令人兴奋/激动的(指物)
kind善良的(adj)→ _________________________ (n.)善良
understand 理解(v.)→ __________ _______(过去式)→ ____________________________ (adj.)善解人意的
interest 兴趣;使……感兴趣(n/v.)
→ ____________ _______________________(adj.)有趣的(指物)
→ __________________________________(adj.)感兴趣的(指人)
26. v.打开
27. v.拿,提,扛,搬
28. n.训练,培训
29. v.训练,培训;n.火车
30. adj.激动的,兴奋的
31. n.仁慈,善良
32. adj.聪明的
33. v.理解,领会
34. n.&v.改变,变化
35. n.兴趣;v.使感兴趣
二、词汇变形
feel 感觉(v.)→ _______________________ (n.)感觉
satisfy使……满意(v.)→ __________ (n.)满足
own 拥有(v.)→ _____________________ (n.)物主;主人
different 不同的(adj.)→ ___________________ (n.)差别
imagine 想象(v.)→ ______________________ (n.)想象力
difficult 困难的(adj.)→ ____________________ (n.)困难→ _____________________________ (复数)
home (n.) 家→ _____________________(adj.) 无家可归的
train 训练 (v.) → _________________________(n.)训练
able能够的(adj.)→ _________________ adj. 有残疾的
excite 使……兴奋(v.)→ ________________ (adj.)感到兴奋的(指人)→ _______________(adj.)令人兴奋/激动的(指物)
kind善良的(adj)→ _________________________ (n.)善良
understand 理解(v.)→ __________ _______(过去式)→ ____________________________ (adj.)善解人意的
interest 兴趣;使……感兴趣(n/v.)
→ ____________ _______________________(adj.)有趣的(指物)
→ __________________________________(adj.)感兴趣的(指人)
重点短语
1.打扫干净 clean up
2.(使)变得高兴,振奋起来 cheer up
3.(1)分发 give/hand out
(2)放弃 give up
(3)赠送,捐赠 give away
4.(1)提出,想处 come up with
(2)出版,发行 come out
(3)实现 come true
(4)来自 come from
5.(1)推迟,延迟 put off
(2)搭建,张贴,举起 put up
(3)穿、戴 put on
(4)放好,收好 put away
6.(1)打电给某人,召集 call up
(2)号召,访问 call on
7.帮助解决困难 help out
8.(1)照顾,非常喜欢 care for
(2)关心 care about
9.将要做某事 be going to do sth.
10.几个小时 several hours
11.如此强烈的满足感 such a strong feeling of satisfaction
12.快乐的表情 the look of joy
13.在...岁时 at the age of...
14.决定做某事 decide to do sth.
三、重点短语
1.打扫干净
2.(使)变得高兴,振奋起来
3.(1)分发
(2)放弃
(3)赠送,捐赠
4.(1)提出,想处
(2)出版,发行
(3)实现
(4)来自
5.(1)推迟,延迟
(2)搭建,张贴,举起
(3)穿、戴
(4)放好,收好
6.(1)打电给某人,召集
(2)号召,访问
7.帮助解决困难
8.(1)照顾,非常喜欢
(2)关心
9.将要做某事
10.几个小时
11.如此强烈的满足感
12.快乐的表情
13.在...岁时
14.决定做某事
15.参加...选拔,试用 try out for...
16.继续做某事 go on doing sth.
17.与此同时 at the same time
18.担心... worry about
19.制定计划做某事
make a plan to do ath.
20.筹集资金 raise money
21.(1)(外貌或行为)像 take after
(2)与...相似 be similar to
22.修理 fix up
23.建立,设立 set up
24.对某人有重大意义
make a big difference to sb.
25.为...感到兴奋 be excited about
26.能够做某事 be able to do sth.
27.立刻 at once
28.解决出,计算,起作用 work out
语法知识记忆
(一)动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为"to+动词原形",其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。
◆ 动词不定式的形式及性质
(1)动词不定式的基本形式:to do(to有时可省略);
(2)动词不定式变否定:not (to) do;
(3)动词不定式无人称变化;
(4)动词不定式仍保留动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸
◆ 动词不定式的句法作用
一、作宾语
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,want,remember,
15.参加...选拔,试用
16.继续做某事
17.与此同时
18.担心...
19.制定计划做某事
20.筹集资金
21.(1)(外貌或行为)像
(2)与...相似
22.修理
23.建立,设立
24.对某人有重大意义
25.为...感到兴奋
26.能够做某事
27.立刻
28.解决出,计算,起作用
四、语法知识练习
一、单项选择
1.Because of the bad weather, we have to ________ the sports meeting till next week.
A.get off B.put off C.turn off D.cut off
2.—Daniel, why not stop ________ a rest
—Oh, I can’t stop ________ the kite on such warm spring days.
A.having; flying B.to have; to fly C.having; to fly D.to have; flying
3.—Is the girl really that woman’s daughter She doesn’t take ________ the woman at all.
—But she is. She looks ________ her father.
A.like; after B.after; like C.after; after D.like; like
4.My parents didn’t allow me ________ on the phone for too long.
A.play B.to play C.plays D.played
5.—What are they doing
—They are discussing what to ________ to the school in the poor mountain village.
A.give up B.give away C.give out D.give back
agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。
You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。
They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。
They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。
二、作宾语补足语。
I tell him to arrive on Sunday. 我让他周日到达。
Li Lei asked his deskmate to help him with English. 李磊请同桌帮他学英语。
The teacher asked the students to read it again. 那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。
动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在see,watch,hear,feel,notice等感官动词或let,make,have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号"to",可以归纳为以下三种句式:
1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语:tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth
The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。
2. 省"to"的不定式作宾语补足语:
(1)Let / make / have + sb +do sth
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。
They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。
(2)see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb +do sth
I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。(强调整个过程)
【注意】
①help带不带to均可以。 I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。 ②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补,当变被动时,必须还原to。 William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。
4. 否定形式:
(1)动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。
Tell them not to play football in the street.
6.Our teacher often warns us ________ loudly in class.
A.talking B.not talking C.to talk D.not to talk
7.—Mary can’t help ________ the house. Why
—Because she is busy ________ a hotel reservation.
A.to clean; making B.cleaning; making
C.cleaning; to make D.to clean; to make
8.Jerry is good at painting. I expected him ________ first prize.
A.win B.wins C.winning D.to win
9.My bike was broken. Tony offered ________ me his bike.
A.lend B.lending C.lends D.to lend
10.—Mary takes ________ her mother.
—Yes, she is similar ________ her mother.
A.for; as B.after; with C.after; to D.away; from
11.Your classroom is very dirty. Please ________ at once.
A.clean up it B.clean it up C.clean up them D.clean them up
12.Our English teacher often encourages us ________ English loudly in class.
A.speaks B.speak C.speaking D.to speak
13.Jenny ________a good idea to help the sick children
A.came up with B.argued with C.cheered up D.caught up with
14.We could ask our parents ________ us some time to think for ourselves.
A.to give B.give C.gave D.giving
15.The teacher told me ________ my eyes with my hands. It’s dirty.
A.to touch B.not to touch C.not touch D.don’t touch
(2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。
Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。
三、作状语
(1)作目的状语。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形,so as to不可用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。
(2)作结果状语。
He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。
His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。
He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了,可以去上学了。
(3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。
I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。
◆ 动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用。
The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。
You do not know what to do and how to do it. 你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。
(二)动词短语
短语动词是一种固定词组,由动词加介词或副词等构成,其作用相当于一个动词。
◆ 构成:
常见的形式有:1. 动词+副词,如:put up
2. 动词+介词,如:look at
3. 动词+副词+介词,如:run out of
4. 动词+名词+介词,如:take care of
◆ 动词+副词
(1)常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有:
cheer up(振奋起来),clean up(打扫干净),set up(建立),put up(搭建,张贴),cut up(切碎),fix up(修理),work out(算出),give out(分发),give away(赠送),think over(仔细思考),turn over(把……翻过来),hand in(上交)等。
【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时,后面必须跟宾语,若名词作宾语,可以放在副词前面或后面,但代词作宾语
二、单词拼写
16.The building needs (repair).
17.People have a high demand (需求) for shopping, so we can’t put off (open) another supermarket.
18.His help makes it possible for me (learn) a foreign language well.
19.I am so tired that I plan (lie) in bed and do nothing this afternoon.
20.Teachers don’t allow us (run) around in the classroom during class breaks.
21.Many volunteers are really kind, they always volunteer (help) others for free.
22.I’d like (raise) money for the homeless people.
23.As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital (cheer) them up.
24.All the passengers agreed (go) with the bus driver.
25. (improve) our English skills, we should read English books every day.
26.We invited her (have) Thanksgiving dinner with us yesterday.
27.Everyone in the room seemed (be) happy.
28.Last year, she decided (try) out for a volunteer after school reading program.
29.That is the only way we can imagine (reduce) the waste of water in the bathroom.
30.Kim’s mom told her (do) chores to practice her living skills
时,必须置于副词之前。
(2)常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有:
get up(起床),start off(动身),come back(回来),get down(下来),hold on(等一下;别挂断),look out(当心,小心),get away(逃离)等。
◆ 动词+介词
这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时,后面必须接宾语。常见的有:
look for(寻找),stand for(代表),wait for(等待),pay for(付费),send for(派人去请),take after(像),hear from(收到……的来信),hear of(听说),depend on(依靠)等。
◆ 动词+副词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有:
add up to(总共是),catch up with(赶上),look down upon(瞧不起),run out of(耗尽,用光)
◆ 动词+名词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,后面需接宾语,有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有:make fun of(取笑),make use of(利用),pay attention to(注意),take care of(照顾)等。
【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。
We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。
总结反思______________________________________________________________________________
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综合练习题
一、单项选择
1.—Mary takes ________ her mother.
—Yes, she is similar ________ her mother.
A.for; as B.after; with C.after; to D.away; from
2.All my classmates are ________ about the result of the ________ basketball game.
A.excited; excited B.exciting; exciting C.excited; exciting D.exciting; excited
3.The old woman in Taiwan lost her son in the earthquake and had to live ______. We hope that she won’t feel ______ with the help of kind people.
A.alone; alone B.lonely; alone C.lonely; lonely D.alone; lonely
4.Jack’s father is quite strict and he never allows Jack ______ money ______ his classmates.
A.to borrow; from B.borrow; from C.to borrow; to D.borrow; to
5.— I worked in an old people’s home last summer.
— Oh, what did they ask you ________ out with
A.help B.helping C.to help D.helped
6.How _________ it is _________ sailing with friends at weekends!
A.exciting; to go B.excited; going C.exciting; going D.excited; to go
7.The girl is ________. She can’t use her legs or arms well.
A.interesting B.disabled C.smart D.successful
8.—Does the little girl take________ her mother
—Yes, they both have big eyes and brown hair.
A.to B.after C.with D.from
9.My father told me ________ too much time playing computer games.
A.not spend B.not to spend C.not spending D.don’t spend
10.We’d better use paper boxes instead of plastic ones ________ protect the environment.
A.so that B.so as to C.in order not to D.in order that
二、单词拼写
11.The beautiful gift made the little girl .(excite)
12.—Would you mind (open) the window It’s very hot.
—No, not at all.
13.People can make a big (different) to the world.
14.I’m able to have a dog helper because of your (kind).
15.He got a strong feeling of (satisfy) after working out the difficult math question.
16.I got a strong feeling of (satisfy) when I complete the task.
17.I can’t wait (open) the present.
18.After the car accident, Robert became (disable) and lost his job.
19.She hopes (be) a volunteer during this summer vacation.
20.We’ll try our best out the difficult problem. (work)
21.Granny Wang has d in breathing, so we went to the doctor.
22.The old man gave all his money to the homeless kid and touched everyone with his k .
23.After a month of t , I can drive a car now.
24.Because of the bad weather, the swimming match had been put o .
25.Mr. Green is no longer the o of the house. He sold it last year.
26.Fallen trees, b windows, and rubbish were everywhere.
27.Our school will hold an activity to r money to help children in poor areas.
28.Tom is so c that he gets good grades in every subject.
29.The s on the wall says “No Smoking”.
30.There’s something wrong with my car. I need to find someone to help me r it.
31.We were so e when we heard we got the first prize in the competition.
32.It’s hard to i she is already in her fifties.
33.When Sam feels down, his best friend always tries to c him up.
34.He is d and he can’t hear anything at all.
35.This job is dangerous, but someone has to r his life to finish it.
三、短文填空
(一)
Students can’t bring mobile phones to school, but Gary often broke this rule. Gary’s parents were really worried about him and talked to him often. They asked him 36 (work) harder and he promised 37 (spend) more time on his schoolwork. Even so, Gary often got into trouble. One day, his Chinese teacher saw him 38 (play) games on his phone in class again and told him that if he broke the rule one more time, he would be punished (被惩罚).
Gary went home and lay on the bed with his eyes open. He was lost in thought. His parents sent him to a nice school and he didn’t want to keep disappointing (使失望) them. He decided 39 (talk) to his best friend Susan about his problems because he knew it was time 40 (make) some changes in his life. Susan agreed 41 (come) over to his home the next day after school. After hearing about his problems, she advised Gary 42 (listen) to the teacher carefully in class and make a weekly study plan. What was more, she would like 43 (help) him with his homework so he could improve his grades.
Gary thanked Susan for 44 (give) him such great advice. He said he didn’t want to keep making trouble in the future and he hoped 45 (become) an excellent student.
(二)
After exercising, the first thing that you want to do is to drink a glass of cold water. When the water 46 (travel) down your throat, you feel so good. However, you are often 47 (tell) not to do so. Is drinking cold water really unhealthy
Cold water is said to slow down a person’s digestion (消化). Having cold water makes your body’s temperature lower, 48 the body needs to burn energy to bring your temperature back to normal. At the same time, 49 (little) energy is used for digestion.
Think of your digestive system (系统) 50 a burning pot. If someone poured cold water into this pot 51 (sudden), what would happen Similarly, when you drink cold water while eating, it is like adding water to a burning pot. Of course, it isn’t that bad, but it is 52 good way to explain why drinking cold water during meals may be a bad idea. If you cannot control 53 (you) urge (冲动) to do so, drinking water at room temperature is a better choice.
Traditional Chinese medicine suggests trying to avoid 54 (drink) cold water. And modern studies in Europe point out drinking cold water causes 55 (headache). Scientists will still do more research on this.
参考答案
语法练习参考答案
参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D B B B D A D D C
题号 11 12 13 14 15
答案 B D A A B
1.B
【详解】句意:由于天气不好,我们不得不把运动会推迟到下周。
考查动词短语。get off离开;put off推迟;turn off关掉;cut off切除。根据“Because of the bad weather, we have to …the sports meeting till next week.”可知,此处是指由于天气原因需推迟运动会。故选B。
2.D
【详解】句意:——丹尼尔,为什么不停下来休息一下?——哦,这么温暖的春天,我不能停止放风筝。
考查非谓语动词。having动名词形式;flying动名词形式;to have动词不定式;to fly动词不定式。stop doing sth.停止做某事;stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;根据“why not stop…a rest ”可知,是停下来去休息,第一空用to have;根据“on such warm spring days”可知,是不能停止放风筝,第二空用flying。故选D。
3.B
【详解】句意:——这个女孩真的是那个女人的女儿吗?她一点也不像那个女人。 ——但她确实是。她长得像她父亲。
考查动词短语辨析。take after (在外表、举止、性格等方面) 像 (父母等长辈),强调内在和外在的相似性,常指有血缘关系的亲属间的相似;look like主要侧重于外表看起来像;look after照顾。第一空,根据“Is the girl really that woman’s daughter ”可知,此处是指女孩不像那个女人,应用“take after”;第二空,根据“She looks … her father.”可知,此处是指她的外表看起来像她的父亲,应用“look like”。故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:我父母不允许我打电话时间太长。
考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配,表示“允许某人做某事”,所以此处需用不定式结构,故选B。
5.B
【详解】句意:——他们在做什么?——他们在讨论捐赠什么给贫困山区的学校。
考查动词短语。give up放弃;give away捐献;give out分发;give back归还。根据“They are discussing what to…to the school in the poor mountain village”可知,此处指讨论捐赠给贫困山区学校的物品。故选B。
6.D
【详解】句意:老师经常警告我们不要在课堂上大声说话。
考查动词不定式。根据“Our teacher often warns us...loudly in class.”可知,warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”,所以该空应用动词不定式的否定形式。故选D。
7.A
【详解】句意:——玛丽不能帮忙清整房子。为什么?——因为她在忙着预定酒店。
考查非谓语动词。help (to) do sth.帮助做某事;be busy doing sth.忙于做某事,固定结构,故选A。
8.D
【详解】句意:Jerry擅长绘画。我期待他赢得一等奖。
考查非谓语动词。except sb to do sth“预料某人做某事”,为固定搭配,所以这里要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
9.D
【详解】句意:我的自行车坏了。托尼主动提出把他的自行车借给我。
考查动词不定式。lend借给,动词原形;lending动名词或现在分词;lends动词三单;to lend动词不定式。offer to do sth.表示“主动提出做某事”,空处需用动词不定式。故选D。
10.C
【详解】句意: ——Mary长得像她的母亲。——是的,她和她的母亲很像。
考查介词辨析和短语。for为了;as作为;after之后;with和;to向;away离开;from从。根据对话语境可知,谈论的是Mary长得像她母亲,动词短语take after和形容词短语be similar to都可以表示“和……像”。故选C。
11.B
【详解】句意:你们的教室非常脏。请立刻打扫干净。
考查动词短语和代词。clean up是“动词+副词”结构短语,人称代词作宾语,放中间,排除AC;it它;them它们。此处指代classroom,应用it。故选B。
12.D
【详解】句意:我们的英语老师经常鼓励我们在课上大声说英语。
考查动词不定式。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选D。
13.A
【详解】句意:Jenny想出了一个帮助患病儿童的好主意。
考查动词短语。came up with想出;argued with和……争论;cheered up使振奋;caught up with追上。根据“Jenny ...a good idea to help the sick children”可知,此处表达Jenny想出了一个帮助患病儿童的好主意,故选A。
14.A
【详解】句意:我们可以请求父母给我们一些时间来独立思考。
考查动词形式辨析。to give动词不定式;give动词原形;gave动词过去式;giving动词现在分词形式。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意思是“请求某人做某事”,后需跟动词不定式。故选A。
15.B
【详解】句意:老师告诉我不要用手摸眼睛。手是脏的。
考查动词短语。根据“The teacher told me”以及“It’s dirty.”可知,应该说不要用手摸眼睛,tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选B。
16.repairing
【详解】句意:这座建筑需要修缮。根据“The building needs...”可知,这里“The building”表示动作的承受者,当主语是物时,动词need后接动名词(doing),形式上是主动,但含义是被动。故填repairing。
17.opening
【详解】句意:人们对购物有很高的需求,因此我们不能推迟开设另一家超市。open“开设,启动”,动词。空处位于介词off后,动词用动名词形式的opening。故填opening。
18.to learn
【详解】句意:他的帮助使我能够很好地学习一门外语。此处是“make it possible for sb. to do sth.”结构,表示“使某人能够做某事”。其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。故填to learn。
19.to lie
【详解】句意:我是如此的累以至于我计划今天下午躺在床上什么也不做。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,空处填动词不定式。lie“躺”,动词,不定式为to lie。故填to lie。
20.to run
【详解】句意:课间休息时,老师不允许我们在教室里乱跑。根据“Teachers don’t allow us…around in the classroom during class breaks.”及提示词可知,此处指的是不允许在教室里乱跑。run“跑”,动词,allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处使用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to run。
21.to help
【详解】句意:许多志愿者真的很善良,他们总是志愿免费帮助别人。volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”,是固定短语。故填to help。
22.to raise
【详解】句意:我想要为无家可归的人筹集资金。would like to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“想要做某事” ,后接动词不定式形式。raise意为“筹集”,所以此处应填to raise,故填to raise。
23.to cheer
【详解】句意:作为一名志愿者,这个女孩想去医院看望生病的孩子,使他们振作起来。根据“wants to visit sick kids in the hospital...(cheer) them up.”可知,去看望的目的是为了是生病的孩子振作起来,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to cheer。
24.to go
【详解】句意:所有乘客都同意和公共汽车司机一起去。agree to do sth“同意做某事”。故填to go。
25.To improve
【详解】句意:为了提高我们的英语水平,我们应该每天读英语书。根据句意可知,“提高我们的英语水平”是“每天读英语书”的目的,此处应用不定式表目的。故填To improve。
26.to have
【详解】句意:我们昨天邀请她和我一起吃感恩节晚餐。根据所给单词及“We invited her...Thanksgiving dinner with us yesterday.”可知,此处考查固定搭配:invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,空处使用动词不定式。故填to have。
27.to be
【详解】句意:房间里的每个人似乎都很高兴。seem to do sth“似乎做某事”为固定搭配,该空要填一个动词不定式。故填to be。
28.to try
【详解】句意:去年,她决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。decide to do sth“决定做某事”,因此decided后接不定式作宾语,故填to try。
29.to reduce
【详解】句意:那是我们所能想象到的减少浴室用水浪费的唯一办法。“we can imagine”是省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词“the only way”,意为“我们所能想象到的唯一办法”,空处需填入动词不定式,作“the only way”的后置定语,进一步说明这种“唯一办法”是用来做什么的。故填to reduce。
30.to do
【详解】句意:金的妈妈告诉她做家务来练习她的生活技能。tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”,固定短语。故填to do
综合练习参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 C C D A C A B B B B
1.C
【详解】句意: ——Mary长得像她的母亲。——是的,她和她的母亲很像。
考查介词辨析和短语。for为了;as作为;after之后;with和;to向;away离开;from从。根据对话语境可知,谈论的是Mary长得像她母亲,动词短语take after和形容词短语be similar to都可以表示“和……像”。故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:我的所有同学都对这场激动人心的篮球比赛的结果感到兴奋。
考查形容词辨析。excited感到激动的,修饰人;exciting令人激动的,修饰物。第一空修饰的是人,应用excited;第二空修饰的是物,应用exciting。故选C。
3.D
【详解】句意:台湾那位老妇人在地震中失去了儿子,不得不独自生活。我们希望她在好心人的帮助下不会感到孤独。
考查词义辨析。alone独自(强调客观状态,无感彩);lonely孤独(强调主观感受,含情感色彩)。第一空描述“独自生活”的客观状态,用alone;第二空表达“不希望她感到孤独”的主观情感,用lonely。故选D。
4.A
【详解】句意:杰克的父亲相当严格,他从不允许杰克向同学借钱。
考查非谓语动词和介词。from来自;to到。allow sb to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾补;borrow…from…表示“从……借……”,是固定搭配。故选A。
5.C
【详解】句意:——去年夏天我在一家养老院工作。——哦,他们让你帮助做什么?
考查非谓语。ask sb. to do sth“让某人做某事”,空处填不定式,故选C。
6.A
【详解】句意:和朋友在周末一起航海是多么令人兴奋啊!
考查形容词辨析和非谓语动词。exciting令人兴奋的,修饰物;excited感到兴奋的,修饰人。第一空修饰的是物,表示航海令人兴奋,应用exciting;it is+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……”,动词不定式作主语。故选A。
7.B
【详解】句意:这个女孩是残疾的。她不能很好地使用她的腿或胳膊。
考查形容词辨析。interesting有趣的;disabled残疾的;smart聪明的;successful成功的。根据“She can’t use her legs or arms well.”可知,她不能很好地使用她的腿或胳膊,说明她是残疾的。故选B。
8.B
【详解】句意:——这个小女孩长得像她妈妈吗?——是的,她们都有大眼睛和棕色的头发。
考查介词辨析。to朝,向;after在……之后,(长相、举止或性格)像;with和……一起,用;from从……。根据“they both have big eyes and brown hair”可知,此处问的是小女孩是否长得像她妈妈,英语中take after表示“(长相、举止或性格)像”,所以此处应用after。故选B。
9.B
【详解】句意:我爸爸告诉我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。
考查动词不定式的否定形式。根据“My father told me...too much time playing computer games.”可知,句中“tell sb. not to do sth.”是固定用法,意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,所以此处使用动词不定式的否定形式“not to spend”符合句子语法。故选B。
10.B
【详解】句意:我们最好使用纸盒而不是塑料盒,以保护环境。
考查目的状语的表达方式。so that为了,后跟句子;so as to为了,后跟动词原形;in order not to为了不,后跟动词原形;in order that为了,后跟句子。根据“protect the environment.”可知,是指为了保护环境,空后是动词原形,用so as to。故选B。
11.excited
【详解】句意:漂亮的礼物让小女孩很兴奋。make sb.+形容词“使某人处于某种状态”,固定搭配,此处应用形容词excited“兴奋的”作宾语补足语,修饰“the little girl”。故填excited。
12.opening
【详解】句意:——你介意打开窗户吗?天气很热。——不,一点也不。mind doing sth“介意做某事”,此处用动名词,故填opening。
13.difference
【详解】句意:人们可以给世界带来很大的不同。make a difference“对……产生影响”,a修饰名词的单数形式,故填difference。
14.kindness
【详解】句意:因为你的善良,我能够拥有一只导盲犬。句中“because of”是介词短语,意为“因为、由于”,后面需要接名词、代词或动名词。“kind”是形容词,意为“善良的”,其名词形式是“kindness”,表示“善良、仁慈”,在这里作“because of”的宾语,符合句子的语法结构和语义要求。故填kindness。
15.satisfaction
【详解】句意:在解出这道数学难题后,他有了一种强烈的满足感。根据空前“a strong feeling of”可知,此处是指一种强烈的满足感,应用动词satisfy的名词形式satisfaction“满意,称心”,不可数名词。故填satisfaction。
16.satisfaction
【详解】句意:当我完成任务时,我获得了强烈的满足感。根据“a strong feeling of”可知,此处需要名词形式satisfaction,表示“满足感”。故填satisfaction。
17.to open
【详解】句意:我迫不及待打开礼物。can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”,固定短语。故填to open。
18.disabled
【详解】句意:发生车祸后,罗伯特残疾了并失去了工作。根据题意和提示词可知,此处应用disable的形容词形式作定语,即disabled,表示成为了残疾。故填disabled。
19.to be
【详解】句意:她希望在这个暑假成为一名志愿者。结合提示词和短语hope to be...“希望成为……”可知,空处应填to be。故填to be。
20.to work
【详解】句意:我们将尽最大努力解决这个难题。work“工作”,try one’s best to do sth“尽最大努力做某事”,故填to work。
21.(d)ifficulty
【详解】句意:王奶奶有呼吸困难,所以我们去看医生了。根据首字母提示可知,呼吸有困难,have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”,difficulty符合句意,故填(d)ifficulty。
22.(k)indness
【详解】句意:这位老人把他所有的钱都给了那个无家可归的孩子,并用他的善良感动了所有人。根据首字母提示可知,人们被老人的善意感动,kindness“善良”,不可数名词,故填(k)indness。
23.(t)raining
【详解】句意:经过一个月的培训,我现在会开车了。根据“I can drive a car now”可知,经过一个月的培训会开车了,of是介词,用名词training,故填(t)raining。
24.(o)ff
【详解】句意:由于天气不好,游泳比赛被推迟了。根据首字母提示可知,比赛被推迟,put off“推迟”符合句意,故填(o)ff。
25.(o)wner
【详解】句意:格林先生不再是这座房子的主人了。他去年把它卖掉了。根据“He sold it last year.”及结合单词首字母可知,他卖掉了房子,就不再是这座房子的主人了。owner“主人”;根据空前“the”可知,此处使用单数名词。故填(o)wner。
26.(b)roken
【详解】到处都是倒下的树木、破碎的窗户和垃圾。根据“Fallen trees, ... windows, and rubbish were everywhere.”及首字母可知,此处指的是倒下的树、破碎的窗户和垃圾,broken“破碎的”符合,形容词作定语修饰名词windows。故填(b)roken。
27.(r)aise
【详解】句意:我们学校将举办一次筹款活动,帮助贫困地区的孩子。根据“Our school will hold an activity to ... money to help children in poor areas.”及首字母可知,举办活动的目的是为了筹集资金帮助贫困地区的孩子,raise“筹集”符合,动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填(r)aise。
28.(c)lever
【详解】句意:汤姆很聪明,每门功课都取得好成绩。根据“he gets good grades in every subject”可知,此句是说汤姆很聪明。clever“聪明的”,形容词,在句中作表语,故填(c)lever。
29.(s)ign
【详解】句意:墙上的标志牌上写着“请勿吸烟”。根据“says ‘No Smoking’”可知,写着“请勿吸烟”的应是“标志牌”,sign“标志牌”,结合says可知主语应是单数名词。故填(s)ign。
30.(r)epair
【详解】句意:我的车出了点问题。我需要找人帮我修理。根据“There’s something wrong with my car. I need to find someone to help me...it”并结合首字母r可知,repair“修理”,动词,符合语境,help sb do意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填(r)epair。
31.(e)xcited
【详解】句意:当我们听说在比赛中获得了一等奖时,我们非常兴奋。根据“We were so...when we heard we got the first prize in the competition.”以及首字母提示可知,此处指我们非常兴奋,excited“兴奋的;激动的”,是形容词,用来描述人的感受,在句中作表语。故填(e)xcited。
32.(i)magine
【详解】句意:很难想象她已经五十多岁了。根据“she is already in her fifties.”可知是指很难想象她已经五十多岁了。imagine“想象”,It’s hard to do sth“做某事很难”,故填(i)magine。
33.(c)heer
【详解】句意:当Sam情绪低落时,他最好的朋友总是试图让他振作起来。try to do sth“试图做某事”,空处填动词原形。根据“When Sam feels down”和首字母提示可知,心情低落时,朋友会让他振作。cheer sb up“使某人振作”,动词短语,cheer“喝彩”,动词。故填(c)heer。
34.(d)eaf
【详解】句意:他失聪,什么也听不见。根据“he can’t hear anything at all”可知,他什么都听不见,所以他是失聪的,形容词deaf意为 “失聪的”,此处作表语。故填(d)eaf。
35.(r)isk
【详解】句意:这项工作很危险,但有人必须冒着生命危险去完成它。根据“This job is dangerous”和首字母可推断此处表示“冒着生命危险”;risk“冒险”,动词;have to do sth.“必须做某事”,动词用原形。故填(r)isk。
36.to work 37.to spend 38.playing 39.to talk 40.to make 41.to come 42.to listen 43.to help 44.giving 45.to become
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了加里在好友的建议下改变自己的事迹。
36.句意:他们要求他更加努力学习,他答应在功课上花更多的时间。根据“asked him”可知,考查ask sb to do“要求某人做某事”,因此设空处填不定式。故填to work。
37.句意:他们要求他更加努力学习,他答应在功课上花更多的时间。spend“花费”,根据“he promised”可知,考查promise to do“答应做某事”,因此填不定式作宾语。故填to spend。
38.句意:有一天,他的语文老师看到他又在课堂上玩手机游戏,并告诉他,如果他再违反规则,他将受到惩罚。play“玩”,根据“saw him”可知,考查see sb doing“看见某人正在做某事”,故填playing。
39.句意:他决定和他最好的朋友苏珊谈谈他的问题,因为他知道是时候改变他的生活了。talk“谈话”,设空处前是“decided”,decide to do“决定做某事”。故填to talk。
40.句意:他决定和他最好的朋友苏珊谈谈他的问题,因为他知道是时候改变他的生活了。make“做”,根据“it was time”可知,考查固定句型it is time to do sth“是时候做某事”。故填to make。
41.句意:苏珊同意第二天放学后到他家去。come over“顺便来访”,根据“agreed”可知,考查agree to do sth“同意做某事”,故填to come。
42.句意:听到加里的问题后,她建议他在课堂上认真听老师讲课,并制定每周的学习计划。listen“听”,根据“she advised Gary”可知,考查短语advise sb to do“建议某人做某事”。故填to listen。
43.句意:更重要的是,她愿意帮助他做作业,这样他就可以提高他的成绩。help“帮助”,根据“she would like”可知,would like to do“愿意做某事”,故填to help。
44.句意:加里感谢苏珊给了他这么好的建议。give“给”,根据“thanked Susan for”可知,考查thank sb for doing sth“感谢某人做某事”。故填giving。
45.句意:他说他以后不想再惹麻烦了,他希望成为一名优秀的学生。become“成为”,根据设空处前的“hoped”可知,考查hope to do“希望做某事”。故填to become。
46.travels 47.told 48.so 49.less 50.as 51.suddenly 52.a 53.your 54.drinking 55.headaches
【导语】本文主要介绍了经常性饮用冷水对身体所产生的不良影响。
46.句意:当水流进你的喉咙时,你感觉很好。根据“you feel so good”和语境可知,此句应用一般现在时,主语the water时第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式。故填travels。
47.句意:但是,您经常被告知不要这样做。根据“However, you are often…(tell) not to do so.”可知,指被告知不能那样做,此句应用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为be done。故填told。
48.句意:喝冷水会使身体温度降低,因此身体需要燃烧能量才能使体温恢复正常。根据“Having cold water makes your body’s temperature lower,…the body needs to burn energy to bring your temperature back to normal.”可知,前后两个句子为因果关系,前因后果。因此用so连接。故填so。
49.句意:同时,用于消化的能量也更少。根据“Having cold water makes your body’s temperature lower,…the body needs to burn energy to bring your temperature back to normal.”可知,燃烧多的能量保持体温,用于消化的能量就更少了,此处应用little的比较less,表示“更少的”。故填less。
50.句意:将您的消化系统想象成一个燃烧的锅。根据“ Think of your digestive system (系统)…a burning pot.”可知,指想象成一个燃烧的锅,此处应用as表示“成为,作为”之意。故填as。
51.句意:如果有人突然往这个锅里倒冷水,会发生什么?根据“If someone poured cold water into this pot…(sudden)”可知,指突然地倒水进锅里,此处应用sudden的副词形式修饰动词poured。故填suddenly。
52.句意:当然,这并没有那么糟糕,但它很好地解释了为什么吃饭时喝冷水可能是一个坏主意。根据“good way”可知,指一个好的方式,此处用不定冠词修饰名词way,表示泛指,good是以辅音音素开头,因此用a。故填a。
53.句意:如果您无法控制这样做的冲动,喝室温水是更好的选择。根据“urge”可知,指你的冲动,此处应用you的形容词性物主代词修饰名词urge。故填your。
54.句意:中医建议尽量避免喝冷水。根据“avoid”可知,指避免喝冷水,avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故填drinking。
55.句意:欧洲的现代研究指出,喝冷水会导致头痛。根据“And modern studies in Europe point out drinking cold water causes…(headache)”可知,喝冷水会导致头痛,此处应用复数形式表示“头痛”这类疾病。故填headaches