Topic 03 古今科技二轮专题学案（含答案解析）-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练(第二期)

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 03 古今科技
话题解读
文化 早知道 中华民族的科技活动有着悠久的历史，四大发明、天文历法和农业技术等曾长期处于世界领先地位。中华人民共和国成立以来，中国在航空航天、信息技术和深海探测等领域取得了举世瞩目的成就，成为世界上具有重要影响力的科技大国！
考情 早知道 近几年中考对古今科技的考查主要以现代科技的进步和成果为主，目的是彰显中国科技强国的形象，对古代科技成果的考查相对较少。 该类考题的内容一般涉及以下几个方面：介绍科技成果，讲述科研过程，介绍成果的应用、影响以及面临的机遇和挑战等。例如，2024年山西中考的阅读理解介绍了中国研发的CR450动车组和AG60E电动飞机在世界上的领先地位。
Passage 1
完形填空
Robots serving people isn't a dream any more. If you visit Liu Hasheng's restaurant in Harbin, you will find about 20 robots there. They are ready to 1 you and make sure that you enjoy having meals in the restaurant.
It's wonderful to see that the robots work in the restaurant. When you walk in, you'll see a robot 2 and say, “Hello, Earth Person! Welcome to the Robot Restaurant."After you 3 your meal, the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking. When the food is 4 ,a robot waiter will serve you with your meal. And when you enjoy the delicious food, a robot sings lovely songs 5 you.
You may ask,“ 6 do all these robots come from " Liu said the robots were made by the Harbin Haohai Robot Company. After a busy day, all the robots will go for a“meal”，which is electricity (电)，for about two hours. After the “meal", the robots can keep 7 for five hours.
The restaurant is very 8 and always full of people. And now it has a menu(菜单)with more than 30 9 and the price for a dinner is about 40 to 50 yuan. Do you want to go 10 have a try in this restaurant
1 A. serve B. love C. give D. learn
2 A. get up B. come up C. turn up D. dress up
3 A. forget B. finish C. order D. add
4 A. ready B. late C. clean D. hot
5 A. in B. on C. at D. for
6 A. How B. Where C. What D. When
7 A. working B. eating C. sleeping D. changing
8 A. important B. different C. boring D. popular
9 A. dishes B. numbers C. letters D. languages
10 A. or B. so C. and D. but
文化拓展
人形机器人产业大步迈向高质量发展
2024世界机器人大会上，宇树科技人形机器人G1不仅能灵活蹲下、起立，还能灵巧地用双手砸核桃；星尘智能服务机器人S1现场表演折叠衣物、分解物品、颠锅炒菜；测试机器人模仿人类语态测试汽车智能座舱······
中国机器人产业从小到大、从大到强，以空前的广度和深度融入人们的生产生活。如今，中国已经成为全球最大的机器人市场和生产国。
多位业内人士表示，倘若机器人未来大规模应用，从制造业到服务业，真正走进公众生活、走近百姓身边，陪护老人、陪教儿童等，还有许多“软硬件”待升级，包括看得见的零部件灵敏度、安全性等，看不见的数据隐私、算法偏见、伦理道德等，都需要有更全面、更优化的解决方案，保障新技术、新产品的安全和可持续发展。
语篇解读
机器人为人类服务已不是梦想。本文以哈尔滨的一家餐厅为例，讲述了机器人是怎样为人类服务的。
答案详析
1.A 文章首句“机器人为人类服务已不是梦想”提示本段介绍的是为人类服务的机器人，故此处指它们随时准备为你服务，确保你在餐厅用餐愉快。serve“服务”，符合语境。
2.B 根据空前的When you walk in可知，此处描述的是当你走进餐厅后机器人的行为；再结合空后机器人说的欢迎语可知，机器人应该是走近并说这些话。come up“走近”，符合语境。
3.C 根据空后的“the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking”可推知，在你点完餐后，厨房里的机器人才会开始做饭。order“点餐”，符合语境。
4.A 根据空后的“a robot waiter will serve you with your meal”可推知，当饭菜做好，机器人服务员才会为你送上饭菜。ready“准备好的”，符合语境。
5.D 根据语境可知，此处指当你享受美味的食物时，一个机器人会为你唱好听的歌。for“为；给”，符合语境。
6.B 根据空后的come from可知，此处询问所有这些机器人来自哪里。
7.A 空前一句提到忙碌一天后，所有机器人都会去充电。结合语境可知，此处指充完电，机器人可以继续工作五个小时。
8.D 根据空后的always full of people 可知，这家机器人餐厅总是有很多人。由此可知，它很受欢迎。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。
9.A 根据空前的menu并结合常识可知，此处指现在餐厅的菜单上有30多道菜。dish“一道菜；菜肴”，符合语境。
10.C 空前的go和空后的have a try为顺承关系，故选and.
Passage 2
阅读理解
We don't know much about Lady Xin Zhui's life. She lived in the Western Han Dynasty. She was the wife of an official(官员)named Li Cang. Historians think that she died around the age of 50.
Over 2,000 years later, in the 1970s,Lady Xin Zhui's tomb(坟墓)was found in Changsha. To everyone's surprise, her body was still in good condition(状态)。But sadly, historians couldn't know how she looked before death.
Shortly after that, historians began working on bringing back Lady Xin Zhui's face. Over the years, they tried many different ways. But none of them worked very well. In October 2023, Hunan Museum worked with two AI companies and finally they made it. On May 17, 2024, the museum showed a digital(数字的)picture of Lady Xin Zhui. In the picture, she is around 35 years old.
▲ They plan to turn this digital Lady Xin Zhui into a talking robot. Visitors to the museum will then be able to talk with her.
1 What can we know about Lady Xin Zhui from Paragraph 1-2
A. She died in Hubei.
B. Her body was kept well.
C. She lived in the Tang Dynasty.
D. Her family name was the same as her husband's.
2 What does the underlined word “them” refer to
A. Chinese historians. B. Different ways. C.AI companies. D. Digital pictures.
3 According to Paragraph 3, bringing back Lady Xin Zhui's face could
A. take over 60 years B. be a boring job C. need more historians D. be difficult without AI
4 Which of the following can be put in the " ▲ ”？
A. Visitors show great interest in the picture.
B. But the museum doesn't want to stop there.
C. So historians hope to open an AI company.
D. Visitors will do something different.
5 What is the best title for this passage
A. A tomb in Changsha surprised everyone
B. Lady Xin Zhui: a famous woman in history
C. AI helped bring back the looks of Lady Xin Zhui
D. Hunan Museum: the biggest museum in Changsha
文化拓展
辛追夫人3D数字人形象全球首发
2024年5月17日，有“东方睡美人”之称的汉代辛追夫人化身3D数字人，展现在世人面前。这是马王堆汉墓完成考古发掘50周年，在数字化领域的重大应用。
数字专家团队将复原专家团队工作成果数字化，并通过AI大数据等相关技术，复原了辛追夫人的面部形象。同时，数字专家团队还将建构出一个可以与现代人对话并讲述西汉历史、社会风俗的虚拟数字人，使辛追夫人的数字人不光具备其“形”，还具其“神”。
辛追夫人数字人将以两千年前的时代风貌与现代大众进行多模态互动，展现西汉文化与社会风俗，为国内外观众带来新奇而独特的体验。辛追夫人的数字化形象工作，不仅丰富了人们对于中国历史的了解，在考古学、人类学等学科上也具有十分重大的意义。
语篇解读
20世纪70年代，辛追夫人墓在长沙被发现。令人惊讶的是，她的躯体保存完好，只不过面容变得模糊不清。现在，在人工智能的助力下，湖南博物院成功复原了辛追夫人的面容。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To everyone's surprise, her body was still in good condition.”可知，辛追夫人的躯体仍保存完好。
2.B 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的上一句“Over the years ,they tried many different ways.”可知，这些年来，历史学家尝试了很多种不同的方法；画线词所在句意为“但它们都不太管用”。由此推知，them指代上一句中提到的不同的方法。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，这些年来，历史学家尝试了很多种不同的方法，但是都无法复原辛追夫人的面容。2023年10月，湖南博物院和两家人工智能公司合作，最终成功了。由此可推知，如果没有人工智能的帮助，复原辛追夫人的面容将是困难的。
4.B 句子还原题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，2024年5月17日，湖南博物院公布了辛追夫人数字人形象；根据空后一句可知，他们计划把数字化的辛追夫人变成一个聊天机器人。由此可知，湖南博物院在复原辛追夫人的面容后还在继续努力，故B项“但是该博物院并不想止步于此”可承上启下，符合语境。
5.C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，历史学家历时数十年，终于在人工智能的助力下，成功复原了辛追夫人的面容，故C项“人工智能帮助复原了辛追夫人的面容”可为本文最佳标题。
Passage 3
阅读理解
Today, we often see delivery men(外卖员)taking food to people. Can you imagine that self-driving cars-cars without drivers-bring food to you That sounds interesting, doesn't it
Now two famous companies are working together to use self-driving cars to deliver food. They use them to send group orders. For example, when a company orders food for people working there, a self-driving car will bring all of the orders to the company quickly and safely.
Online food ordering is becoming popular all around China, even in small villages. Now, over 500 million users use different apps to order food online. Some researchers say that using self-driving cars will bring a great change to food delivery. It will be a fast and safe way to deliver food.
At the same time, some people think there must be some problems. For example, self-driving cars can drive well on flat(平坦的)roads, but what will happen when the road is not flat Some other people worry that most of the delivery men will lose their jobs in the future.
What do you think of using self-driving cars to deliver food
1 The two famous companies are teaming up to__________.
A. look for more delivery men
B. produce cars to make money
C. offer better services to big companies
D. use self-driving cars to deliver food
2 Why does the writer list the number in Paragraph 3
A. To give information about self-driving cars.
B. To tell us his worries about self-driving cars.
C. To show us online food ordering is popular.
D. To describe some small villages in China.
3 What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A. The future of delivery men.
B. How self-driving cars drive on the road.
C. When self-driving cars can be used to deliver food.
D. Problems of using self-driving cars to deliver food.
4 What can we know from the passage
A. Some researchers support food delivery by self-driving cars.
B. Many villages are using self-driving cars to deliver food.
C. About 300 million users order food online now.
D. There will be no delivery men in the future.
文化拓展
无人驾驶送餐车引领餐饮行业新变革
走在深圳的大街小巷，不难发现那些小小的无人驾驶送餐车穿梭在城市的每个角落。它们灵活、迅速，而且不知疲倦，一天24小时不停歇地为城市居民送去热腾腾的外卖。
据悉，无人驾驶送餐车集成了先进的自动驾驶技术和人工智能系统，车身搭载了激光雷达、摄像头、超声波传感器等多种感知设备，能够精确识别道路状况和周边环境。同时，车辆还配备了AI智能调度系统，可根据实时交通情况和订单需求，智能规划送餐路线，确保送餐效率。
无人驾驶送餐车的上线，标志着我国餐饮行业迈向智能化新阶段。无人驾驶送餐车将为用户提供更高效、便捷、安全的送餐服务，引领餐饮行业迈向智能化新时代。同时，无人驾驶送餐车也有助于缓解城市交通压力，降低碳排放，为我国绿色出行贡献力量。
语篇解读
你能想象你在网上点了外卖后，无人驾驶汽车为你送外卖吗？无人驾驶汽车送外卖有好处但也有潜在的问题。对此，你怎么看呢？
答案详析
1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句＂Now two famous companies are working together to use self-driving cars to deliver food.”可知，这两家知名公司正在合作使用无人驾驶汽车来配送食物。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，网上订餐在中国各地变得越来越流行，甚至在小村庄也是如此。为了证明这一观点，作者用数据作支撑：到目前为止，超过5亿用户使用不同的应用程序在网上订餐。由此可推知，作者提到over 500 million是为了说明网上订餐很流行。
3.D 段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车可能会在配送食物过程中出现的问题。
4.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，一些研究人员表示，使用无人驾驶汽车将会给食物配送带来巨大变化，使用无人驾驶汽车配送食物将是一种快捷又安全的方式。由此可推知，一些研究人员支持用无人驾驶汽车配送食物。
Passage 4
阅读理解
During the Tang Dynasty(618-907),there was a strong need to produce a large number of scriptures(经文)。But copying(抄写)by hand could not meet the rising demand. So people at that time thought of a new way to make lots of copies-woodblock printing(雕版印刷术)．In the Song Dynasty(960-1279),woodblock-printed books were quite popular.
In total, about 30 steps are needed to create a woodblock print. Among them, there are four main steps: writing, engraving(雕刻)，printing, and binding. Engraving is at the heart of woodblock printing because this step can make or break the final print.
One famous example of woodblock printing is the Diamond Sutra in the British Library. It was found in the early 20th century in Dunhuang, Northwest China. It was printed in the year 868 and people thought of it as the “earliest dated printed book”。
The printing technology was spread(传播)throughout East Asia, to the Middle East, and finally to Western Europe. It holds great importance for the spread of knowledge and the world's cultural exchanges.
1 What does the underlined word “demand” in Paragraph 1 mean
A. Difference. B. Importance. C. Price. D. Need.
2 Which is the most important step of woodblock printing
A. Writing. B. Engraving. C. Printing. D. Binding.
3 Why does the writer mention the Diamond Sutra in Paragraph 3
A. To share his ideas. B. To give an example. C. To answer a question. D. To compare differences.
4 What does the passage mainly talk about
A. The spread of knowledge. B. The influence of scriptures.
C.A woodblock-printed book. D.A traditional Chinese printing.
文化拓展
印刷术的始祖－雕版印刷术
雕版印刷的工艺过程是：将书稿编订后，由善书者依版式写于纸上，经校对后反贴于木板，再由刻工逐字雕刻，即成印版。印刷时将印版和纸张分别固定于刷印台，用棕刷沾墨均匀施于版面。铺纸后于纸面给以均匀的压力，印版上的图文就转印到纸张上，从而完成一次印刷。雕刻版面需要大量的人工和材料，但雕版完成后一经开印，就显示出效率高、印刷量大的优越性。到了九世纪的时候，我国用雕版印刷来印书已经相当普遍了。
雕版印刷术凝聚着中国造纸术、制墨术、雕刻术、摹拓术等几种优秀的传统工艺，最终形成了这种独特文化工艺；它为后来的活字印刷术开了技术上的先河，是世界现代印刷术的最古老的技术源头，对人类文明发展和文化传播有着突出贡献。雕版印刷术发明后不久，就开始向东方邻国传播。13世纪起，沿着丝绸之路向西方传播，经波斯、埃及向欧洲传播。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了雕版印刷术，包括它的产生原因、制作过程、重要性等内容。
答案详析
1.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的内容可知，唐朝时急需大量产出经文；再结合But和coping by hand可推知，用手抄写（经文）无法满足日渐增长的需求。故推测demand意为“需求”，与need意义相近。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“Engraving is at the heart of woodblock printing”可知，雕刻是雕版印刷术的核心。由此可知，雕版印刷术最重要的一步是雕刻。
3.B 推理判断题。第二段介绍了雕版印刷术的步骤；根据第三段第一句可知，本段列举了一个雕版印刷术的著名例子，即大英图书馆里的《金刚经》，然后下文对此做了简要介绍。由此可推知，作者在第三段提到《金刚经》是为了给出雕版印刷术的一个范例。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种中国传统印刷术－雕版印刷术，包括它出现的原因、制作过程及其重要性等内容。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
Look around your home. Electricity(电)powers the lights. It makes the TV and the fridge work. 1
Lots of the electricity you use is from western China. The place is rich in resources such as water, wind and coal(煤). 2 Then, the electricity is transmitted(输送)to eastern China through long lines.
3 In July 2022, an important part of the program-the Baihetan-Jiangsu project began to work. It transmits clean hydropower(水电)from the southwestern province of Sichuan to East China's Jiangsu province. 4 It produces over 62.4 billion kWh of electricity every year. The electricity needs to go about 2,080 kilometers from Sichuan to Jiangsu. But it only takes about 0.007 seconds.
Now, about 19.68 million tons of coal can be saved every year thanks to the Baihetan hydropower station. 5
根据短文内容，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A. They can be used to produce electricity. B. But where does the electricity come from C. Baihetan is the second largest hydropower station in the world. D. It helps cut CO2 emissions by over 51.6 million tons every year. E. China started its west-to-east power transmission program in 2000.
1_____________ 2_____________ 3_____________ 4_____________ 5_____________
文化拓展
白鹤滩水电站：“西电东送”的骨干电源
在云南省巧家县和四川省宁南县交界的金沙江干流河段之上，有一座卫星清晰可见的庞然巨物，它就是世界第二大水电站－白鹤滩水电站。
白鹤滩水电站与金沙江乌东德、溪洛渡、向家坝以及长江三峡、葛洲坝水电站，共同构成一条世界最大的清洁能源走廊，是实施“西电东送”的大国重器。
在外观上，白鹤滩水电站特高拱坝高度289米，相当于100多层楼的高度，而且首次全面采用我国自主研制的新型低热水泥。
白鹤滩水电站拥有单机容量100万千瓦的发电机组，单机容量居世界第一，左右岸共安装有16台，均为我国自主研制。这样的一台机组直径16.2米、高达50米，转子重量就超过2000吨，转轮每转一圈可发电约150度，相当于一个普通家庭一个月的用电量。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了中国的“西电东送”工程以及其中的白鹤滩水电站。
答案详析
1.B 根据空前两句可知，电驱动电灯、电视和冰箱；再根据第二段第一句可知，你使用的很多电都来自中国西部。由此可推知，空处应与电的来源有关，故B项“但电从哪里来？”可承上启下，符合语境。
2.A 空前一句提到中国西部有丰富的资源，如水、风和煤；空后一句提到这些电通过长长的线路被输送到中国东部。由此可推知，空处应提到这些资源和电之间的关系，故A项“它们可以用来发电”可承上启下，符合语境。A项中的They指代空前一句中的resources.
3.E 根据上文可知，我们用的很多电是从中国西部输送到东部的；空后一句提到某个工程的重要组成部分启动。由此可推知，空处应该提到了这一电力输送工程，故E项“2000年，中国启动了＇西电东送＇工程”可承上启下，符合语境。
4.C 空后一句提到它每年发电量超过624亿千瓦时。由此可推知，空处应与发电站有关；再结合空前的the Baihetan-Jiangsu project可推知，空处应该提到了白鹤滩水电站。故C项“白鹤滩（水电站）是世界第二大水力发电站”可承上启下，符合语境。空后的It指代C项中的Baihetan.
5.D 空前一句提到目前，白鹤滩水电站每年可节约1968万吨煤炭。D项“它有助于每年减少5160多万吨的二氧化碳排放量”继续介绍了该水电站给环境带来的益处，可承接上文，符合语境。
Passage 6
短文填空
根据短文内容，从方框中选出正确的单词并用其适当形式填空。
arrive special cost carry difference excite move number traveler on
C919 is China's home-grown plane for carrying people. It finished its first commercial flight(商业飞行)1 May 28,2023.There were about 1302 on this flight. The new plane took off at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 10:32 am and 3 at Beijing Capital International Airport at 12:31 pm. The two-hour flight made all the Chinese people 4.
How much is the new plane It's reported that a C919 5 around 99 million dollars, less than half of a Boeing 787 or an Airbus A350. Now, customers from 6 countries have bought more than 1,200 C919 planes.
The name C919 has 7 meanings. The letter“ C” stands for“ China”。The 8 “9” sounds like“ jiu” in Chinese, which means“ forever(长久的)”．And the number“19” means that the big plane can 9 190 travelers at most.
In order to make the great Chinese Dream come true, Chinese people keep 10 on the Chinese path to modernization(现代化)。
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文化拓展
C919成为我国航空产业发展“新引擎”
C919大型客机研制成功，获得型号合格证，标志着我国具备自主研制世界一流大型客机能力，是我国大飞机事业发展的重要里程碑。C919的研制成功，将成为带动我国航空产业、高端制造业发展的“新引擎”。
C919的“引擎”作用体现在对科技创新的孵化、推动上。C919坚持自主创新、开放合作，先后攻克了一批新技术，锤炼了一批人才队伍，带动了一批产业发展，形成了支撑国产商用飞机发展的能力平台。在C919项目的推动下，中国商用飞机已建成2个国家级创新平台、5个省部级创新平台、一批公司级试验室及研究机构。C919成为创新“策源”点，不仅孵化、衍生出一批科技创新成果，也形成了科技创新集聚效应。
伴随着飞机制造的智能化水平加速推进，一个融合新一代信息技术、先进制造业于一体的现代商用飞机总装基地正在崛起，并不断向外辐射，带动航空产业创新生态加快形成。
语篇解读
国产大飞机C919于2023年5月28日完成了首次商业飞行。本文介绍了这次飞行、C919的造价及名称的特殊含义等内容。
答案详析
1.on 它于2023年5月28日完成了首次商业飞行。在具体日期之前，应用介词on.
2.travelers 根据空后的on this fight并结合备选词可知，此处指这趟航班上约有130位旅客。traveler“旅客”，为可数名词，且空前有about 130修饰，故填其复数形式travelers.
3.arrived 根据空前的“The new plane took off at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 10:32 am”可知，这架飞机在上午10:32从上海虹桥国际机场出发；再根据空后的at12:31pm可推知，这架飞机在下午12:31到达北京首都国际机场。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填arrived.
4.excited 根据上文可知，国产大飞机C919在商业首航中，成功从上海虹桥国际机场到达北京首都国际机场，这应该是一件令人兴奋的事情，故此处指两个小时的飞行让所有中国人都感到兴奋。空处修饰人，故填excited.
5.costs 根据上一句“How much is the new plane ”可知，此处在介绍C919的价格，故此处指一架C919飞机大约花费0.99亿美元。此处描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时，逻辑主语aC919是第三人称单数，故填costs.
6.different 根据语境并结合备选词可知，此处指来自不同国家的客户已经购买了1200多架C919飞机。空处修饰空后的名词countries,故填difference的形容词形式different.
7.special 下文具体解释了C919这个名字的特殊含义，故此处指C919这个名字有特殊的含义，故填special.
8.number 此处在介绍C919中的字母和各个数字的含义，故此处指数字“9”听起来像中文里的“久”，故填number.
9.carry 根据空后的190 travelers可推知，此处指数字“19”意味着这架大飞机最多能搭载190位旅客。空前有情态动词can,故填动词原形carry.
10.moving 此处指为了实现伟大的中国梦，中国人民一直在中国式现代化道路上前进。move“前进”，符合语境；keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”，为固定用法，故填moving.
Passage 7
书面表达
近期，学校英语角开辟了“未来畅想”专栏。假如你是李华，请以“What will our life be like in the future ”为题给该专栏投稿，从不同角度畅谈你对未来生活的展望。
注意事项：
1.80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2.必须包含图片提示信息，可适当发挥；
3.意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范；
4.请勿在文中使用真实的姓名和校名。
参考词汇：prediction 预测
What will our life be like in the future
With the help of science and technology, our world has changed a lot. What will our life be like in the future
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参考范文:
What will our life be like in the future
With the help of science and technology, our world has changed a lot. What will our life be like in the future Here are some of my predictions.
First, our environment will be better. The air will be fresher and the sky will be bluer. Second, there won't be any schools and students will take classes online. If they have any questions, they will ask AI teachers for help. Third, it will be possible for each family to have robots. They can do most of the work, even the dangerous work. So we will have more free time to do things we like, such as traveling in space.
All in all, I hope our future life will be wonderful and colorful.