Topic 02 著名人物（含解析）2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练(第二期)

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 02 著名人物
话题解读
文化 早知道 在中华民族发展的历史长河中，涌现出许许多多杰出人物。他们通常在科技、文化、教育、艺术等领域取得了卓越的成绩，为国家和社会发展作出了突出贡献。他们常常作为学习的榜样，出现在教科书或试卷中。
考情 早知道 近年来，中考中比较注重近现代著名人物的考查，尤其是感动中国人物、对科技进步作出突出贡献的人物等。对古代著名人物的考查虽然还会出现，但考查频次有所减少。 该类文章一般会有两种考查形式，一种是一篇文章同时列举多位著名人物的事迹，对比学习；另外一种是一篇文章只介绍一位著名人物的事迹。文中著名人物的事迹一般包含励志故事、主要成就与贡献等。例如，2024年重庆中考A卷的任务型阅读介绍了梁启超、钱学森和袁隆平的故事与成就。
Passage 1
完形填空
Confucius(孔子)was a great teacher in Chinese history. He was born over 2,500 years ago, but people still 1 him now.
The tough(艰苦的)childhood made Confucius stronger. His father 2 when he was only three years old. He had to start to make money 3 to help his mother and the family. Young Confucius was good at 4 .He visited many famous 5 and learned music, history and math from them. Later, he 6 a teacher and started a school. Confucius thought everyone should go to school. He had about 3,000 students in 7 life. Lots of them were very famous, too.
Confucius was also a famous thinker. His words are still 8 around the world today and many people follow them in their everyday life. For example, “Young people should 9 the old.”And he also told us to be strict with ourselves, 10 be kind to others. Confucius was a truly great man. We should always respect(尊敬)him in our hearts.
1 A. ask B. give C. remember D. call
2 A. died B. worked C. lost D. slept
3 A. easily B. early C. greatly D. happily
4 A. studying B. fishing C. traveling D. cooking
5 A. doctors B. writers C. teachers D. workers
6 A, met B. became C. invited D. helped
7 A. your B. their C. his D. our
8 A. interesting B. popular C. terrible D. boring
9 A. look after B. look over C. look for D. look up
10 A. because B. and C. so D. but
文化拓展
世界十大历史文化名人之首－孔子
孔子名丘，字仲尼，鲁国陬邑(今山东省曲阜市)人，中国古代思想家、政治家、教育家，儒家学派创始人。曾带领部分弟子周游列国十四年，晚年修订六经。孔子去世后，其弟子及再传弟子把孔子及其弟子的言行语录和思想记录下来，整理编成《论语》，此书被奉为儒家经典之作。
孔子被誉为世界十大历史文化名人之首。1984年美国出版的《世界名人大辞典》将孔子列为世界十大思想家的首位。英国出版的《人民年鉴手册》也把孔子列为世界十大思想家和文化名人的首位。
可以说，孔子创立的儒家学说以及在此基础上发展起来的儒家思想，不仅对中国发展产生了深刻影响，是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，而且早已走向世界，成为人类文明的一部分。
语篇解读
孔子是我国古代伟大的教育家、思想家。本文主要介绍了孔子的生平。
答案详析
1.C 根据空前的“He was born over 2,500 years ago”可知，孔子出生在2500多年前；再结合空前的连词but可知，此处指现在人们仍然记得他。
2.A 根据下一句可知，孔子不得不开始赚钱，来帮助自己的母亲和家庭。由此可推知，此处指孔子年仅三岁时，他的父亲便去世了。die“去世”，符合语境。
3.B 根据上一句可知，孔子年仅三岁时，他的父亲就去世了。由此可推知，此处指他不得不早早开始赚钱，来帮助自己的母亲和家庭。early“提早；提前”，符合语境。
4.A 根据下一句中的“learned music, history and math from them”可知，孔子学习了音乐、历史和数学；再结合选项可知，此处指年轻的孔子擅长学习。
5.C 根据空后的“learned music, history and math from them”可知，孔子向他们学习了音乐、历史和数学。由此可推知，他拜访了很多名师。
6.B 根据空后的started a school可知，孔子开办了一所学堂；再结合常识可知，此处指后来，孔子成为一名老师。
7.C 根据语境可知，此处指在他的一生中，他大约有3000个学生。
8.B 根据空后的“and many people follow them in their everyday life”可知，许多人在日常生活中会遵循孔子的话。由此可推知，孔子的话如今在世界各地仍广受欢迎。popular“广受欢迎的”，符合语境。
9.A 根据语境可知，此处指孔子的言论“老吾老，以及人之老”，即年轻人应该照顾老年人。look after“照顾；照料”，符合语境。
10.D 根据空前的be strict with ourselves和空后的be kind to others可知，空处表示转折关系，此处表示“严于律己，宽以待人”。
Passage 2
阅读理解
In the Ming Dynasty, there was a traveler. He spent 32 years traveling across China. His name is Xu Xiake.
When he was a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about Chinese mountains and rivers. He made a wish then. He wanted to see them when he grew up.
At that time, many children studied hard to become officials(官员)。Xu was not interested in that and Xu's father never asked him to take exams(考试)。After his father passed away, Xu followed his mother's advice and began to travel when he was about 22 years old. Before he left, his mother made him a hat for traveling.
Xu traveled to 21 provinces and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and discovered over 300 caves. Xu was the first person to find the highest peak of the Yellow Mountain. And he discovered the Yangtze River's real headwaters.
Xu traveled mostly on foot. He ate and slept in the wild. Sometimes he fell into rivers or ran into dangerous animals. But Xu was brave(勇敢的)and he always enjoyed traveling. He kept a diary while traveling and the book Te Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake is still popular today!
1 Xu Xiake spent about_________ years traveling.
A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40
2 What did Xu Xiake like to do when he was a child
A. Read books. B. Take exams. C. Grow flowers. D. Go swimming.
3 What was Xu Xiake's mother's opinion about his traveling
A. She didn't care about it.
B. She believed it was useless.
C. She felt sad about his leaving.
D. She supported him in discovering the world.
4 What can we learn about Xu Xiake from the last paragraph
A. He only visited a few Chinese provinces.
B. He usually slept in the caves when traveling.
C. He met lots of difficulties during his travels.
D. He was the first person to find the Yellow Mountain.
5 What would be the best title for the passage
A.A Diary About Xu Xiake B.A Cool Traveler of China
C.A Famous Writer of China D.A Story of Xu Xiake's Family
文化拓展
“中国第一旅游博主”徐霞客
徐霞客，名弘祖，号霞客。南直隶江阴(今江苏省江阴市)人，明代地理学家、旅行家、探险家、文学家。
徐霞客自幼好学，饱读诗书，对图经地志尤为钟情。徐霞客的父亲去世后，便在家中种田侍奉母亲。万历三十六年(1608年)，二十二岁的徐霞客正式出游。因长时间的长途跋涉，徐霞客患有严重的脚疾，到云南时已无法走路，于是徐霞客更为专心地编写《游记》和《鸡足山志》，后基本完成《徐霞客游记》的编撰。后来徐霞客身患重病，丽江太守用官车将其送回江阴老家。
崇祯十四年(1641年)，徐霞客病逝，终年五十四岁。徐霞客遗作经好友季会明等整理成书，名为《徐霞客游记》。徐霞客在地质学等方面取得了超越前人的非凡成就，成为世界上对地质地貌进行科学考察的先驱。
语篇解读
徐霞客是我国明代著名的旅行家。本文主要讲述了徐霞客踏上地理探索之路的原因以及他的经历。
答案详析
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He spent 32 years traveling across China.”可知，徐霞客花了32年的时间周游中国，也就是大约30年。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“When he was a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about Chinese mountains and rivers.”可知，徐霞客小时候喜欢读有关中国山川的书籍。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，徐霞客听取母亲的建议，在22岁时开始出游。临行前，他的母亲为他做了一顶远游冠。由此可推知，徐霞客的母亲支持他探索世界。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段前三句可知，徐霞客大多数时间都是徒步旅行，他风餐露宿，有时掉到河里或是遇到危险的动物。由此可知，徐霞客在旅行中遇到过很多困难。
5.B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国著名的旅行家－徐霞客的故事，故B项最适合作本文标题。
Passage 3
阅读理解
There is a school called Huaping High School for Girls in Lijiang, Yunnan Province. Its headmaster(校长)Zhang Guimei opened it in 2008 and she has sent over 2,000 girls here to great colleges(大学)all over the country.
In 1996,when Zhang Guimei came to teach in Huaping, she found many girls left school at a very young age. They went to work or got married because their families didn't have enough money. To let these young girls have a good education, Zhang decided to open a free school for them.
After years of hard work, Huaping High School for Girls finally opened. Zhang spent most of her time with the students here. Some girls were afraid of the dark teaching building when they came to school early, so Zhang went to the teaching building around 5 am and turned on the lights for them. When the students studied in the classroom late at night, Zhang kept staying with them. Zhang also kept visiting the students' homes to know more about them.
Zhou Yunli was one of Zhang's students. She became a middle school teacher in a big city after finishing college. When hearing that her old school needed some maths teachers, Zhou went back to her hometown right away. “Without Ms Zhang's school, I would be nobody. It's time for me to repay (报答)her and my old school.”
1 What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A. Zhang began to work as a teacher in Huaping in 1996.
B. Zhang opened Huaping High School for Girls 15 years ago.
C. There were 2,000 girls in Huaping High School for Girls.
D. The young girls in Huaping didn't like to go to school in the past.
2 What does the underlined word “education” mean in Chinese
A.教育 B.环境 C.家庭 D.工作
3 What did Zhang do after knowing the girls were afraid of the dark teaching building
A. She waited for them at the school gate early.
B. She visited their homes to tell them not to worry.
C. She turned on the lights of the teaching building early.
D. She stayed with them when they studied in the classroom.
4 How did Zhou Yunli repay her old school
A. By collecting money for it.
B. By teaching the girls there maths.
C. By taking the girls there to big cities.
D. By working as the headmaster of it.
文化拓展
“燃灯校长”张桂梅
张桂梅，1957年6月出生，中共党员，云南省丽江华坪女子高级中学党支部书记、校长，华坪县儿童福利院院长。曾荣获“时代楷模”“全国优秀共产党员”“全国先进工作者”“全国师德标兵”“全国最美乡村教师”“全国脱贫攻坚楷模”“感动中国2020年度人物”等荣誉称号。
张桂梅坚守教育报国初心，牢记立德树人使命，扎根贫困地区40多年，立志用教育扶贫斩断贫困代际传递，倾力建成全国第一所全免费女子高中，让2000余名贫困山区女学生圆梦大学，托举起当地群众决战决胜脱贫攻坚的信心和希望。
她坚决贯彻党的教育方针，将坚定的理想信念融入办学体系，用红色教育为师生铸魂塑形。她不遗余力践行着“只要我还有一口气，就要站在讲台上”的诺言，用实际行动铺就贫困学子用知识改变命运的圆梦之路。
语篇解读
云南省丽江华坪女子高级中学是张桂梅为当地女孩开办的一所免费高中。在过去的16年间，她已经将2000多名学生送入大学。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“In 1996,when Zhang Guimei came to teach in Huaping”可知，张桂梅于1996年来到华坪当老师。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“she found many girls left school at a very young age”可知，张桂梅发现很多女孩在很小的时候就辍学了；再根据画线词后的“Zhang decided to open a free school for them”可知，张桂梅决定为她们开办一所免费的学校。由此可知，张桂梅想让这些女孩继续上学，故推知，张桂梅这样做的目的是让这些年轻女孩接受良好的教育。education意为“教育”。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some girls were afraid of the dark...so Zhang went to the teaching building around 5 am and turned on the lights for them.”可知，有些女孩早到学校时害怕漆黑的教学楼，于是张桂梅早上5点左右为她们打开教学楼的灯。
4.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“When hearing that her old school needed some maths teachers, Zhou went back to her hometown right away.”可知，周云丽听说她的母校需要一些数学老师时立即回到了家乡。由此可知，周云丽通过教母校的学生数学来报答母校。
Passage 4
阅读理解
①...
Bashu is our paradise, where the living environment is so good!
Bashu is a nursery of talents!
Bashu is our home, where we can be better and better!
② Do you know who wrote this song It's Ye Shengtao, a great language artist and an excellent teacher. He worked as a Chinese teacher in 1938 in Chongqing Bashu Secondary School. He wrote the school song and the school motto(校训)。
③ How did Ye Shengtao teach students
Ye Shengtao always said students should be teachers to themselves. He didn't ask students to read and remember everything from textbooks. Instead, he taught them how to learn. What's more, he told students to question what they read and heard to have their own opinions.
④ ▲
Ye Shengtao wrote many books on education like Education and Life and Essays on Chinese Language Education. He said teachers should be an example and guide students with their own practice(实践)。He also encouraged(鼓励)teachers to pay attention to each student's interests. So teachers in Bashu are doing their best to help students to be lifelong learners and the best they can be.
⑤ Ye Shengtao left a lasting mark on Chinese education!
1 Why does the writer show the school song first
A. To introduce the main character.
B. To teach the readers to sing the song.
C. To show the popularity of the song.
D. To ask the readers to visit Bashu.
2 According to the passage, Ye Shengtao might agree that
A. two heads are better than one
B. time past cannot be called back again
C. to know everything is to know nothing
D. it's better to teach a man fishing than to give him fish
3 Which of the following can be put in the“ ▲ ”？
A. How do students study now
B. What do people think of Ye Shengtao
C. What made Ye Shengtao a great language artist
D. How did Ye Shengtao change China's way of teaching
4 According to the main ideas below, what is the best structure of this passage
Part One: A brief(概述)of Ye Shengtao.
Part Two: Ye Shengtao's ideas of teaching.
Part Three: The summary(总结)of the topic.
A B
C D
文化拓展
叶圣陶：现代教材建设奠基人
叶圣陶是20世纪我国卓越的教育家。他一生从事教育和教学工作70多个春秋，几乎亲历了20世纪中国社会变革的各个时代和教育改革的整个过程，加上他作为新文化运动的战士、著名文学家、出版家、社会活动家的极其丰富而又相互交融的社会实践和人生修养，从而形成了他博大精深、特色鲜明的教育思想。
叶圣陶教育思想最主要最本质的特点，就是不追求教科书式的抽象、静态的理论体系构建，而是始终走在时代前列，植根中国社会变革和教育改革实践，对中国特色现代教育理论作出了具有独创性、系统性的重要贡献。
叶圣陶始终一贯地强调，中国现代教育的根本价值和目的是“育人”，是培养“自觉的，自动的，发展的，创造的，社会的”现代中国人。中国现代教育只有基于“育人”这个根本，才能不仅促进国家强盛、社会发展，而且促进人的发展，并推动人的发展与社会发展的相互结合、相互促进。
语篇解读
叶圣陶是我国著名的教育家和优秀的语言艺术家。他的教育理念改变了中国传统的教育方式，对中国教育产生了重要影响。
答案详析
1.A 推理判断题。根据文中的“He wrote the school song and the school motto.”可知，这首校歌是叶圣陶创作的；通读下文可知，本文主要介绍了叶圣陶的教育理念。由此可推知，作者在文章开头展示这首校歌是为了引出本文的主要人物－叶圣陶。
2.D 推理判断题。根据文中的“He didn't ask students...Instead, he taught them how to learn.”可知，叶圣陶不要求学生阅读并记住课本上的所有内容，而是教他们如何学习。由此可推知，叶圣陶可能会同意D项“授人以鱼不如授人以渔”这一观点。
3.D 句子还原题。通读本段内容可知，叶圣陶写了很多有关教育的书，他说老师应该以身作则，他还鼓励老师关注每个学生的兴趣，现在巴蜀的老师都在尽最大努力帮助学生成为最好的自己。由此可推知，本段与叶圣陶对教学方式的影响有关，故D项“叶圣陶是如何改变中国的教育方式的？”可概括本段内容，适合作本段小标题。
4.B 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章以①引出叶圣陶这个主要人物，②简要介绍了叶圣陶，故①②属于第一部分；③④分别从叶圣陶自身的教学方法以及他对教学方式的影响这两个方面介绍了叶圣陶的教育理念，属于第二部分；⑤总结全文，点出叶圣陶对中国教育的重要影响，属于第三部分。由此可知，B项符合文章结构。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
Yang Jiang was a Chinese woman writer and translator(翻译家)。①She was good at using interesting ways to write her books and her works are easy to understand.
Yang was a great writer in China. One of her popular books is Baptism. It talks about a group of people with different minds. The stories in the book happened in the early 1950s. Yang did well in English and French. So she wrote her books in French and English. Besides, she was also a wonderful translator. She taught herself Spanish at the age of 48 and translated the Spanish book Don Quixote de la Mancha(《堂吉诃德》)into Chinese. In her free time, she liked listening to music and doing sports.②她认为它们是保持健康的好方法。
Yang Jiang made money from her works and she used the money to help poor students. She also used the money to build more libraries in Tsinghua University. She asked the students to study hard in school and to be a good man.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题或将画线部分译成中文或英文。请将画线句子
①翻译成中文。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Please write down one of Yang Jiang's books.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3 What foreign languages was Yang Jiang good at
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4请将画线句子②翻译成英文。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5 What do you think of Yang Jiang Why
__________________________________________________________________________________________
文化拓展
杨绛－中国最后的“女先生”
杨绛，本名杨季康，中国女作家、文学翻译家和外国文学研究家。2016年5月25日逝世，享年105岁。
杨绛的文学创作浸润着深厚的东西方文化，她的写作风格流露着超凡脱俗、温柔敦厚、含蓄内敛的情感表达。在西方自由的人文精神关照下，杨绛的小说和散文都表现出了对人性、自然和艺术的发现，然而真正促成杨绛独特创作艺术特征的因素是儒家思想，杨绛的为人为文都贴合儒家思想中的中庸之道。杨绛文学创作的情感张力源自儒家性情的形成，这也正是她隐身哲学的本质所在。
杨绛的文字凝练而含蓄，把自己的同情心与深情深藏于简简单单的几个字中，既不会暴露出对丑恶的极度厌恶与愤怒之情，也不会让浓烈的情感如瀑布般宣泄出来。她用理智拿捏着自己对情感的表达，她的文字如水一般平缓而深沉，圆润而醇厚。
语篇解读
杨绛是我国著名的作家、翻译家。她擅长多国语言，曾将西班牙语书籍《堂吉诃德》译成中文。
答案详析
1.她善于用有趣的方式写作，作品通俗易懂。
2.Baptism.根据第二段第二句“One of her popular books is Baptism.”可知，《洗澡》是杨绛的作品之一。
3.English,French and Spanish.根据第二段中的“Yang did well in English and French.”可知，杨绛擅长英语和法语；再根据第二段倒数第三句可知，48岁时，杨绛自学西班牙语，将西班牙语书籍《堂吉诃德》译成中文。由此可推知，她也擅长西班牙语。
4.She thought they were good ways to keep healthy.
5.She was kind. Because she used the money she made to help poor students and build more libraries in Tsinghua University.(开放性题目，答案合理即可）
Passage 6
短文填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Father of Hybrid Rice-Yuan Longping
Yuan Longping was born in 1930 in Beijing, China. He studied very hard w 1 he was young. After he graduated from(毕业于) Southwest Agricultural College in 1953,he w 2 as a teacher in a school in the west of Hunan. He b 3 his research on rice in 1964.A 4 years of study, he developed(研制) the world's first hybrid rice. F 5 could grow it on many different kinds of land. It could make 20% more rice than any other rice. Yuan Longping s 6 the food problem in China.
He was honored as(被誉为)the“ Father of Hybrid Rice” by people all over the world. He was so f 7 ,but he still lived a simple life. He spent most of his time in the rice fields. He once said,“ I had a d 8 . In it, the rice plant was tall like a tree. I was sleeping under the rice plant and I felt happy."
S 9 , he left the world on May 22, 2021.We will respect(尊敬)and r 10 him forever.
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文化拓展
“杂交水稻之父”：袁隆平
袁隆平，江西省九江市德安县人，毕业于西南农学院(现西南大学)。他是中国杂交水稻育种专家，“共和国勋章”获得者，中国工程院院士，中国研究与发展杂交水稻的开创者，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
袁隆平于1964年开始研究杂交水稻，成功选育了世界上第一个实用高产杂交水稻品种，从1976年起在全国大面积推广应用，使水稻产量得以大幅度提高。他在撰写的第一篇论文《水稻的雄性不孕性》中，提出了“要想利用水稻杂种优势，首推利用雄性不孕性”。他的理论与研究实践是对经典遗传学理论的挑战，否定了“水稻等自花授粉作物没有杂种优势”的传统观点，极大地丰富了作物遗传育种的理论和技术。
语篇解读
袁隆平于1930年出生在中国北京。他研制出的新型杂交水稻使无数农民增产增收，因此他被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
答案详析
1.when 他小时候学习非常努力。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少时间状语从句的引导词，故填when.
2.worked 根据空前的After he graduated和空后的as a teacher可知，此处指袁隆平毕业后在湖南西部的一所学校担任老师。work as“担任”；此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填worked.
3.began 根据4空后的“he developed the world's first hybrid rice”可知，袁隆平研制出了世界上第一株杂交水稻；再结合首字母提示可知，此处指他于1964年开始研究水稻。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填began.
4.After 根据空后的years of study可知，此处指经过数年的研究之后，他研制出了世界上第一株杂交水稻，故填After.
5.Farmers 根据空后的“could grow it on many different kinds of land”并结合首字母提示可推知，此处指农民们可以在多种土地上种植杂交水稻。farmer为可数名词，且空前无限定词修饰，故填其复数形式Farmers.
6.solved 根据上文内容可知，袁隆平研制出了世界上第一株杂交水稻，它的产量比其他水稻高20%.由此推知，袁隆平解决了中国的粮食问题。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填solved.
7.famous 根据上一句“He was honored as the＇Father of Hybrid Rice' by people all over the world.”可知，袁隆平被全世界的人们誉为“杂交水稻之父”，故此处指他非常有名，故填famous.
8.dream 空后两句“In it, the rice plant was tall like a tree. I was sleeping under the rice plant and I felt happy.”描述的是袁隆平梦里面的内容。空前的a提示此处应用名词单数形式，故填dream.
9.Sadly 根据空后的“he left the world on May 22, 2021”可知，袁隆平于2021年5月22日逝世，这是一个令人悲痛的消息。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰后面的句子，故填sad的副词形式Sadly.
10.remember 根据语境并结合首字母提示可知，此处指我们会永远尊敬并缅怀他。空前有will,故填动词原形remember.
Passage 7
书面表达
冼星海是中国最伟大的作曲家之一，有“人民音乐家”之称。请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇短文，对他进行简要介绍。
出生于 1905年，澳门
去世于 1945年，莫斯科
主要经历 13岁时，开始学习音乐； 1926年，去北京大学学习音乐； 1929年，赴巴黎勤工俭学； 1939年，创作出《黄河大合唱》，并因此而闻名。
提示词：composer作曲家；Macao澳门；Moscow莫斯科；Peking University 北京大学；The Yellow River Cantata《黄河大合唱》
要求：
1.书写规范，语句通顺，语法正确；
2.内容须包含以上所有提示要点，可适当发挥；
3.词数80左右。
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参考范文：
Xian Xinghai is one of the greatest composers in China. He is known as “the People's Musician”。
Xian was born in 1905 in Macao, China. He started learning music at the age of 13. He went to Peking University to study music in 1926. Three years later, he went to Paris and studied there. He wrote The Yellow River Cantata in 1939. This made him famous all over China. The great man died in 1945 in Moscow.
Today, there are still a lot of people listening to his music.