Topic 07 文学故事二轮专题学案（含答案解析）-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练(第二期)

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 7 文学故事
话题解读
文化 早知道 中国的文学故事丰富多彩，按照题材和内容分类，可以分为：富有想象力的传说故事，寓意深刻的寓言故事，叙述历史事件或人物的历史故事，反映人民生活和风俗的民间故事，以及神秘、离奇的神话故事等。这些故事不仅具有文学价值，还蕴含了丰富的文化内涵和道德寓意，能对人们的思想和行为产生积极影响。
考情 早知道 中考真题常会选择一些能体现中华传统美德、激励学生努力学习的历史故事，以及一些能体现中国古人智慧的文学故事作为考查内容。 对于文学故事的考查在各个题型中均有涉及，以短文填空和阅读理解两种题型为主。例如，2024年黑龙江牡丹江中考的阅读理解讲述了孟母三迁的故事，2023年江西中考的短文填空讲述了晏子使楚的故事。
Passage 1
完形填空
Once upon a time, there was a man called Zhang San. He worked 1 every day and he finally saved 300 taels of silver(银两)．He was happy about that, but he was 2 about his money, too. He thought that someone might steal(偷)his money. So he decided to find a(n) 3 place to keep it. “To carry it with me Too heavy...To put it in a drawer at home Someone might break in...” Finally he had a good 4 .
At midnight, Zhang San dug a hole(挖坑) in the garden and put his money in 5 . But he was afraid that someone would come and take away all the money. So he put up a sign(标牌)near the place saying“ No 300 taels of silver here."Then he 6 in a hurry.
Unluckily, his neighbor, Wang Er, saw the whole thing. 7 Zhang fell asleep, Wang came out. In the moonlight, he saw the big sign and took all the 8 back to his house.
Wang Er felt happy and thought he was clever. Suddenly,“What if Zhang San can't 9 his money ” Wang Er thought.“What if he asks me " Then he 10 the garden and wrote under Zhang's note,“ Your neighbor Wang Er did not steal it.”
1 A. hard B. far C. early D. little
2 A. sure B. angry C. worried D. excited
3 A. open B. safe C. easy D. close
4 A. idea B. order C. excuse D. question
5 A. us B. you C. them D. it
6 A. cried B. left C. waited D. started
7 A. After B. Before C. If D. Until
8 A. holes B. signs C. money D. time
9 A. remember B. bring C. save D. find
10 A. took care of B.ran back to C. came up with D. gave up on
文化拓展
“此地无银三百两”背后的含义
人们通常用“此地无银三百两”的故事来比喻一种愚蠢的行为，即试图通过过度的掩饰来隐藏自己的秘密。这个故事中的主人公的掩饰行为反而暴露了他的秘密。这个成语不仅具有深厚的文化内涵和历史背景，而且在实际生活中也有广泛的应用和启示意义。这告诫我们，过度的掩饰往往只会让问题更加明显，甚至会让人产生不必要的怀疑。
一个人聪明是好事，可是如果自作聪明那就是愚蠢了。张三和王二都是自作聪明的人，结果他们成了人们的笑柄。有些人之所以会不打自招，是因为其做贼心虚，做了一些不愿意被人知道的事情，可能是自已一些私密的事情，也可能是一些见不得光的事情。但是只要为人光明磊落、正直善良，就不用害怕所做的一切会被人知道。
语篇解读
本文主要讲述了“此地无银三百两”的故事。如今，人们用这个成语比喻做事愚蠢，想隐瞒的事情反而被彻底暴露。
答案详析
1.A 根据空后的“he finally saved 300 taels of silver”可知，张三终于攒下了300两银子。由此可推知，张三工作很努力。
2.C 根据下一句“He thought that someone might steal his money.”可知，张三认为有人可能会偷他的钱。由此可知，张三担心自己的钱。
3.B 根据上一句可知，张三认为有人可能会偷他的钱；结合空后的place to keep it可知，此处指他决定找个安全的地方藏钱。
4.A 根据第二段第一句可知，张三在花园里挖了一个坑用来藏钱。由此可知，此处指他想到了一个好主意。
5.D 根据空前的“Zhang San dug a hole in the garden”可知，此处指张三在花园里挖了一个坑，并且把钱放进了坑里。空处指代空前的a hole,故选it.
6.B 根据上文内容可知，张三把钱放进了坑里，又立了一个标牌；结合选项可知，张三匆忙地离开了。leave“离开”，符合语境。
7.A 根据上一句可知，张三的邻居王二看到了他藏钱的全过程；结合空后的Zhang fell asleep和 Wang came out可知，张三睡着以后，王二出来了。
8.C 根据上文内容可知，张三把钱藏到了一个坑里，而王二看到了他藏钱的全过程，故此处指王二把所有的钱都拿回了家。
9.D 根据上文内容可知，王二把张三藏的钱全部拿走了，故此处指要是张三找不到钱怎么办。
10.B 根据8空后的back to his house可知，王二拿到钱之后回到了自己家；空后又提到他在张三的话下面也写了一句话。故可推知，王二又跑回了花园。
Passage 2
阅读理解
An Argument(争辩)About the Sun
Confucius was traveling to the east. He saw two children arguing and asked what it was about.
“I think,” said one child, “the sun is near us in the morning and far away at noon.”The other argued, “The sun is far away at dawn(黎明)and near at noon.”
“When the sun rises," said the first child,“ it is as big as a wheel(车轮)，but at noon it is only like a plate or a bowl. Isn't it true that objects(物体) far away seem smaller while those nearby seem bigger ”
“When the sun comes up," said the other child, “it is cool, but at noon it is as hot as putting your hand in hot water. Isn't it true that things nearer us are hotter and things farther away are cooler ”
Confucius heard these, but he didn't know which of them was right. The children laughed,“ Who said you're knowledgeable "
1 How many children were arguing
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
2 According to the first child, when the sun rose, it looked like a(n)_________.
A. plate B. wheel C. bowl D. umbrella
3 Why did the second child think the sun was near us at noon
① Because things nearer us are hotter.
② Because things nearer us are bigger.
③ Because things farther away are cooler.
④ Because things farther away are smaller.
A.②③ B.②④ C.①③ D.①④
④ What can we know from the passage
A. Confucius was the teacher of the children.
B. The children were arguing about the moon.
C. The children had the same ideas about the sun.
D. Confucius couldn't decide which child was right.
5 Which of the following can best describe Confucius' final action
A. Keep what you say and carry out what you do.
B. Is it not delightful to have friends coming from far places
C. What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.
D. To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true knowledge.
文化拓展
《两小儿辩日》的道理和创作背景
《两小儿辩日》是战国时期思想家列子创作的一篇散文。此文亦是一则极具教育意义的寓言故事。其记述了孔子路遇两个孩子在争辩太阳远近的问题，而孔子不能作决断之事。这说明了知识无穷、学无止境的道理，同时也赞扬了孔子实事求是、敢于承认自己学识不足的精神和古代人民敢于探求客观真理，并能独立思考、大胆质疑的精神。
战国时期是一个社会大变革的时期，同时也是学术思想百家争鸣的时期。寓言作为诸子散文的重要组成部分，成为战国诸子阐明各自的政治观点、学术思想以及进行论辩的有力武器。《列子》即是在这样一个时代背景下，由列子及其弟子所编著的寓言和神话故事集，此文即节选自《列子·汤问》第七章。
语篇解读
本文主要讲述了孔子路遇两个孩子在争辩太阳远近的问题，而孔子不能作决断之事。这说明了知识无穷、学无止境的道理。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“He saw two children arguing”可知，孔子看到两个孩子在争辩。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的When the sun rises和“it is as big as a wheel”可知，第一个孩子认为太阳升起时像车轮一样大。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，另一个孩子认为离我们近的东西热，离我们远的东西凉，所以他认为太阳在正午的时候离我们近。说法①③正确。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Confucius heard these, but he didn't know which of them was right.”可知，孔子也不知道哪个孩子的说法是正确的。
5.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，面对两个孩子的辩论，孔子也无法判断谁对谁错，故D项“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也”最符合孔子实事求是的态度和行为。
Passage 3
阅读理解
In the State of Chu, there was a man called Lord Ye. He loved dragons very much. And in his house, the pictures of dragons were on the doors, on the walls and even on his clothes. He said to everyone,“ I really want to see a real dragon." The Dragon King knew about that. He was very happy. He wanted to go to Lord Ye's house and make friends with him.
One day, Lord Ye was sleeping. A heavy rain came down and Lord Ye woke up. He came to close the window and saw the Dragon King. Lord Ye was so frightened that he ran into his bedroom. The Dragon King said, “Lord Ye " But he covered(捂住)his eyes and didn't say a word. Later, the Dragon King went away. After that, Lord Ye never said he loved dragons.
In our daily life, we are sometimes a "Lord Ye". We say one thing, but we do another. Our words are not the same as our actions.
1 In Lord Ye's house, the pictures of dragons were
a. on the doors b. on the walls c. on his clothes d. on the floor
A. a,b,c B. a,b,d C. b,c,d D. a,c,d
2 After knowing Lord Ye loved dragons, what did the Dragon King do
A. He took Lord Ye to his house.
B. He helped Lord Ye become rich.
C. He gave a real dragon to Lord Ye.
D. He went to visit Lord Ye by himself.
3 The underlined word "frightened" means“________ ”in Chinese.
A.高兴的 B.生气的 C.害怕的 D.惊讶的
4 Which of the following is a “Lord Ye” in life
A. Cindy, a volleyball star, has five volleyballs.
B. Tom, an untidy boy, puts things everywhere in his room.
C. Mary, who says she only likes healthy food, but always eats ice-cream.
D. Bob, who says he loves English, and works hard to be an English teacher.
文化拓展
叶公好龙的文化内涵
叶公好龙的故事揭示了人类的虚伪性。人们往往出于某种目的或面子上的需要，而表现出对某事物的喜爱或追求。然而，当真正的机会来临时，他们往往因为恐惧、无知或其他原因而退缩。这种虚伪的行为不仅欺骗了他人，也欺骗了自己。
真正的热爱是发自内心的、持续的、深入的。而表面的追求则可能只是一时的冲动或短暂的兴趣。叶公虽然表面上对龙非常热爱，但当他面对真正的龙时，却露出了恐惧和无知的本性。这告诉我们，真正的热爱需要深入了解、持续投入和付出努力。
叶公好龙的故事还告诉我们，认识与实践是相辅相成的。只有真正了解某事物，才能真正热爱它并付诸行动。而如果只是口头上说喜欢某事物，却没有付诸实际行动去了解它、研究它、实践它，那么这种喜欢就是表面的、虚假的。
语篇解读
本文主要讲述了叶公好龙的故事。人们用“叶公”来比喻那些言行不一的人。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And in his house...on the doors, on the walls and even on his clothes.”可知，在叶公家里，门上、墙上甚至他的衣服上都是龙的画像。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后三句可知，龙王知道了（叶公喜好龙）这件事后非常高兴，他想去叶公家和叶公交个朋友。再结合第二段第三句可知，叶公去关窗户时，看到了龙王。由此可知，得知叶公喜好龙之后，龙王去拜访了叶公。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“he ran into his bedroom”和“he covered his eyes and didn't say a word”可知，龙王现身后，叶公跑进了卧室；他捂住了眼睛并且不敢说话。由此可推知，见到龙王后，叶公非常害怕，故推测frightened意为“害怕的”。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，“叶公”指那些言行不一的人。结合选项可知，C项“说只喜欢健康食品，但总是吃冰激凌的Mary”就是言行不一的“叶公”。
Passage 4
阅读理解
During the Warring States Period(战国时期)，King Huiwen, the king of Zhao, got a treasure(宝物) called Heshibi. The king of Qin wanted it and said he would give 15 cities to Zhao in return. So King Huiwen asked Lin Xiangru, an official of Zhao, to take Heshibi to Qin.
When Lin arrived in Qin, the king of Qin was so happy to see Heshibi. However, he didn't say anything about the 15 cities at all. Then Lin came up with an idea. He said that there was a small flaw(瑕疵)in Heshibi and he could show it to the king. Hearing that, the king of Qin handed Heshibi back to Lin. Taking it, Lin took a few steps back and stopped in front of a pillar (柱子)。He said that he would break both Heshibi and his own head if the king of Qin broke his promise.
To save Heshibi, the king of Qin quickly took out a map and showed Lin the 15 cities. ▲ He ordered someone to take Heshibi secretly back to Zhao.
Knowing that after a few days, the king of Qin was very angry. However, in order not to break the relationship with Zhao, he had to allow Lin to return to Zhao safely.
1 What would the king of Qin do to get Heshibi
A. He would fight against Zhao.
B. He would give 15 cities to Zhao.
C. He would make Lin Xiangru an official.
D. He would give Zhao another treasure in exchange(交换)。
2 What happened after the king of Qin saw Heshibi at first
A. He sent Lin Xiangru back to Zhao.
B. He gave some gifts to Zhao right away.
C. He found there was a small flaw in Heshibi.
D. He liked it very much but didn't talk about the cities.
3 Which sentence can be put into the “ ▲ ”
A. And Lin gave Heshibi to the king.
B. And Lin pointed out the flaw to the king.
C. But Lin would not believe him anymore.
D. But Lin broke both Heshibi and his own head.
4 Which of the following can best describe Lin Xiangru
A. Brave and clever. B. Kind and helpful. C. Shy and friendly. D. Honest and quiet.
文化拓展
赵国智者蔺相如
蔺相如的少年时期生活安定，他在学校学到了许多知识。然而，在他15岁左右时，秦国攻占了蔺地，蔺氏族人只好迁移到靠近赵国都城邯郸的太行山区，蔺相如也随着父母逃亡到邯郸附近的蔺家河。
颠沛流离的困难生活，使蔺相如磨炼了意志，丰富了阅历。后来，蔺相如做了赵国官员缪贤家中的一名门客，并深得缪贤的信任。
战国后期，秦、赵之间的外交、军事斗争日趋复杂起来。赵惠文王十六年(前283年)，赵国得到了楚国的和氏璧，秦昭王听说了这件事，就派人送给赵王一封信，向赵王提出以15座城池交换和氏璧。一块玉璧无论多么宝贵，也不可能与15座城池相提并论，这只不过是秦国向赵国强索和氏璧的计谋。宦官缪贤推荐手下门客蔺相如出使秦国，蔺相如奉命带璧使秦，与秦王当庭力争，完璧归赵，从此脱颖而出。
语篇解读
完璧归赵是中国历史上一个著名的故事，展示出了蔺相如的外交智慧。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，秦王想要和氏璧，说自己愿意给赵国15座城池来交换。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，蔺相如到了秦国，秦王见到和氏璧非常高兴，但他对15座城池的事只字不提。
3.C 句子还原题。根据空前一句可知，秦王怕蔺相如把和氏璧撞碎，便迅速拿出地图，给他展示那15座城池；再根据空后一句可知，蔺相如命人将和氏璧偷偷地带回了赵国。由此可推知，蔺相如没相信秦王说的话。故C项符合语境。
4.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，秦王拿到和氏璧后，只字不提15座城池的事情，蔺相如以和氏璧有瑕疵为由拿回和氏璧，并表示如果秦王食言，那他便会将脑袋和和氏璧一起撞碎。后来，蔺相如让人偷偷把和氏璧带回赵国，自己也安全返回了赵国。由此可推知，蔺相如既勇敢又聪明。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
During the Jin Dynasty(266-420),there was a child named Che Yin. He was born into a poor family and had to work in the daytime. He was smart and loved to read. But he couldn't buy lamp oil(灯油)to study at night.
One summer night, he saw fireflies(萤火虫)outside his house. Then he thought," Can fireflies be my lamp " He got some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp. It was great. He spent all of his summer nights reading like this.
Another child, Sun Kang, also loved reading. He couldn't buy lamp oil, either. One night during the winter, there was a heavy snow. When he woke up at midnight, Sun Kang saw the snow reflecting (反射)the moonlight outside his house. “I can use the reflected light to read," he thought. He took out his books and read in the snow, even though he was quite cold.
This is the story of "Nang Ying Ying Xue". People often use it to describe those who study hard in difficult circumstances(环境)。
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1 Why couldn't Che Yin study at night at first
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2 What did Che Yin put in the cloth bag to light up his books
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3 When did Sun Kang get the idea of reading in the snow
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4 What can we learn from Che Yin and Sun Kang
____________________________________________________________________________________________
文化拓展
囊萤映雪的含义
囊萤映雪是两个中国古代典故的合称，它们都源于古人刻苦学习的故事，寓意着勤奋读书、自强不息的精神。
囊萤映雪传达了一个重要的信息：通过勤奋和毅力，我们可以克服生活中的困难，实现自我提升。在古代，读书识字是改变命运的重要途径，而囊萤映雪的典故正是鼓励人们抓住一切机会，努力学习，成就一番事业。
在现代社会，囊萤映雪的精神依然具有很大的意义。虽然我们现在的生活条件好了很多，但仍然会面临各种困难和挑战。这时候，我们要勇敢面对困难，发挥自己的主观能动性，去解决问题，实现自我提升。
此外，囊萤映雪的典故还启示我们，要珍惜时间，善于利用零碎的时间去学习。在快节奏的现代生活中，我们更应该学会利用碎片化的时间，充实自己，提高自己的综合素质。
语篇解读
本文主要讲了囊萤映雪的故事。该成语用以形容夜以继日，苦学不倦。
答案详析
1.Because he couldn't buy lamp oil.根据第一段最后一句“But he couldn't buy lamp oil to study at night.”可知，起初，车胤买不起灯油，所以无法在晚上学习。
2.Some fireflies.根据第二段中的“He got some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp.”可知，车胤用布袋装了一些萤火虫，然后把布袋挂起来当作灯。
3.When he saw the snow reflecting the moonlight.根据第三段可知，冬天的一个晚上，下了一场大雪。当孙康半夜醒来时，他看到屋外的雪映着月光。他想他可以利用（雪）反射的光来读书。由此可知，当孙康看到雪映着月光时，他萌生了在雪地里读书的主意。
4.We should study hard even if we have some difficulties.通读全文可知，车胤和孙康家境都很贫寒，他们买不起灯油，但车胤却用布袋装萤火虫照明看书，而孙康则借着雪光来看书；再根据最后一段最后一句可推知，从他们身上，我们可以学到：即使身处困境，我们也要努力学习。
Passage 6
短文填空
根据短文内容，从方框中选出正确的单词并用其适当形式填空。
about know sound hundred good play how close and difference
Long ago in China, there lived a king and he loved music very much. He often listened to his musicians 1 a Chinese instrument, yu. The king often put 2 of musicians together to perform(演奏)music.
A man called Nanguo heard 3 this and thought it was a good chance to make money. He came to the king and said, “I can play the yu really 4 .I wish to play beautiful music for you." The king was so happy to hear this and let him join the musicians.
But Nanguo didn't know 5 to play the yu. When they played for the king, Nanguo just 6 his eyes and pretended(假装)to play like the others. He was making no 7 at all.
After a few years, the king died 8 his son became the new king. And he also liked music. But he wanted something 9 .He asked his musicians to play one by one, not together. After 10 the news, Nanguo ran away at once.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
滥竽充数的启示
故事中的南郭先生没有真实的才能，却通过假装会吹竽而混入乐队，当需要单独演奏时，他便原形毕露了。这告诉我们，真正的能力和知识是无法被伪装或替代的。只有具备真才实学，才能在竞争激烈的社会中立足并获得成功。
南郭先生的行为是不诚实和不正直的，他欺骗了别人并获得了不应得的利益。这个故事提醒我们要保持诚实和正直，不要通过欺骗或虚假的手段来获取个人利益。
南郭先生没有意识到自己的不足，也没有努力提升自己的吹竽技巧。这启示我们要有自我认知，了解自己的优点和不足，并积极努力提升自己的能力和素质。
在一个团队或组织中，每个人都应该承担起自己的责任，为团队的成功做出贡献。南郭先生依赖于团队中其他人的表现来掩盖自己的无能。这个故事提醒我们，不要总是依赖他人，而是要培养自己的独立能力和解决问题的能力。
语篇解读
本文主要讲述了滥竽充数的故事。这个成语比喻没有真才实学的人混在内行人之中，或以次充好。
答案详析
1.play 根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知，这个国王非常喜欢音乐，经常将乐师聚集在一起演奏音乐。由此可知，此处指他经常听他的乐师演奏中国乐器－竽。play“演奏”，符合语境。此处考查listen to sb.do sth.这一用法，意为“听某人做某事”，故填play.
2.hundreds 结合备选词可知，此处指国王经常将数百名乐师聚集在一起演奏音乐。hundreds of“数百的；成百上千的”，为固定搭配，故填hundreds.
3.about 此处指有个叫南郭的先生听说了这件事。hear about“听说”，为固定搭配，故填about.
4.well 根据空后一句“I wish to play beautiful music for you.”可知，南郭先生想要为国王演奏美妙的音乐。由此可推知，他对国王说自己吹竽吹得很好。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰动词，故填good的副词形式well.
5.how 根据6空后的“pretended to play like the others”可知，南郭先生不知道如何吹竽。how“怎样；如何”，符合语境。
6.closed 根据空后的“pretended to play like the others”可知，南郭先生只是在假装像他人一样吹竽，故此处指他只是闭上眼睛。本文时态为一般过去时，故填close的过去式closed.
7.sound 根据空前内容可知，南郭只是闭上眼睛，假装像他人一样吹竽。由此可知，他没有发出一点声音，故填sound.
8.and 分析句子结构可知，空处缺少连词；空前的“国王去世了”和空后的“他的儿子成了新的国王”为顺承关系，故填and.
9.different 根据上文可知，老国王喜欢听数百名乐师一起演奏音乐；再根据空后的“one by one, not together”可知，新国王让乐师一个一个地演奏，而不是一起演奏。由此可知，此处指新国王想要做一些不同的事情，故填different修饰 something.
10.knowing 根据上文可知，不会吹竽的南郭先生进了乐队，而新国王要求乐师单独演奏音乐；再根据空后的“Nanguo ran away at once”可知，此处指知道这个消息后，南郭先生立刻逃跑了。空前的After为介词，此处应用动词－ing形式，故填knowing.
Passage 7
书面表达
精卫填海是我们非常熟悉的中国古代神话故事。最近某英文报正在举办“用英语讲中国故事”的征文比赛。请根据下面六幅图片，写一篇英语短文讲述该故事，向该报投稿。
要求：
1.短文必须包含图片情节，可适当补充内容；
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名和校名；
3.不少于70词，开头句已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：stone石头；fill填满；quality品质
Once upon a time there was a little girl called Nüwa. Her father was Emperor Yan and he loved his daughter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文:
Once upon a time there was a little girl called Nüwa. Her father was Emperor Yan and he loved his daughter. They often played happily. One day Nüwa went out to sea in a boat. But the weather was bad and soon the boat was in pieces. Nüwa fell into the sea and died. Then Nüwa changed into a bird called Jingwei and returned home. Emperor Yan watched the bird and cried because he missed his daughter. Finally, the bird decided to fill the sea with stones and never gave up. We should learn Jingwei's good qualities.