Topic 09 建筑艺术二轮专题学案（含答案解析）-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练(第二期)

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 9 建筑艺术
话题解读
文化 早知道 中国建筑艺术历史悠久、风格独特，具有极高的艺术价值和深厚的文化内涵。传统建筑如故宫展示了对对称性、风水和木结构的高度重视；四合院、客家土楼体现了对内外空间的和谐与家族结构的重视。宗教建筑则以精美的雕刻与文化底蕴闻名。中国建筑艺术的演变反映了中国文化的多样性与发展历程。
考情 早知道 中考对中国建筑艺术的考查方向主要集中在中国古代或现代著名建筑的特点、用途及历史背景等方面。 该类文章主要有三种形式：一是有关著名建筑特点的介绍，例如，2024年内蒙古包头中考的阅读理解介绍了中国古典园林的特点；二是介绍现代实用性建筑，例如，2023年浙江温州中考的阅读理解介绍了太湖隧道的修建过程；三是从建筑中了解中国文化，例如，2023年贵州中考的阅读理解介绍了北京的胡同文化。
Passage 1
完形填空
We can see walls everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall of China is the 1 of all. The Chinese call it "Wan Li Chang Cheng". The Great Wall 2 at Shanhaiguan in the east and ends at Jiayuguan in the west. It is wide enough 3 five horses or ten men to walk side by side.
The Great Wall has a 4 of over two thousand years. People first built 5 in the Spring and Autumn Period. But building such a great wall was not a(n) 6 thing. People had to do all the work by hand. It took millions of men hundreds of years to 7 it.
There are tall watchtowers(瞭望塔)along the Great Wall. In the past, the soldiers(士兵)used them to 8 the enemies(敌人)．They made fires to tell each other 9 the enemies came.
Today the Great Wall is a famous place of interest. Every year people come to 10 it from all over the world.
1 A. nicest B. highest C. longest D. newest
2 A. starts B. looks C. works D. comes
3 A. in B. for C. with D. over
4 A.name B. history C. rule D. way
5 A. us B. you C. them D. it
6 A. dangerous B. easy, C. important D. popular
7 A. finish B. forget C. read D. leave
8 A. ask B. think C. watch D. help
9 A. when B. before C. and D. or
10 A. tell B. stop C. remember D. visit
文化拓展
守护巍巍长城，绵延悠悠文脉
“上下两千多年，纵横十万余里”，道出了长城穿越时空、勾连古今之长，也折射了长城修建工程之巨。从地理坐标来看，长城跨越北京、内蒙古、辽宁、甘肃、新疆等15个省区市，现存墙体、壕堑、关堡等各类遗存4.3万余处，墙壕遗存总长度2.1万千米。
然而，随着时光推移，长城逐渐老矣。受长期自然侵蚀风化、人类生产活动和历史环境变迁等影响，保存至今的长城大多已坍塌或损毁，有的地面部分已全部消失。跨越区域广、规模体量大、留存情况复杂，长城文化遗产的保护，不仅考验着文物工作者的智慧，更需要全社会齐心协力参与。
万里长城，一头连着秦时明月汉时关，一头连着华夏儿女的心房，凝聚起中华民族的精气神。让历史遗产绵延千年，让文化记忆悠久传承，让爱国情怀有所寄托，让民族精神生生不息，这就是今天我们保护长城的意义所在。
语篇解读
长城始建于春秋时期，有着两千多年的历史。如今，它是著名的旅游胜地，每年有来自世界各地的人前来参观。
答案详析
1.C 根据下一句“The Chinese call it' Wan Li Chang Cheng'.”可知，中国人把长城叫作“万里长城”；再结合常识可知，此处指长城是世界上最长的城墙。
2.A 根据空后的“ends at Jiayuguan in the west”可知，此处是在说长城的起止点，故此处指长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关。start“从······开始”，符合语境。
3.B 根据语境可知，长城的宽度足以让五匹马或十个人并排着走。for“对······来说”，符合语境。
4.B 根据空后的“of over two thousand years”和下一句“People...in the Spring and Autumn Period.”可知，此处指长城有两千多年的历史。history“历史”，符合语境。
5.D 上文提到长城的历史；再根据空后的＂in the Spring and Autumn Period”可知，人们于春秋时期开始建造长城。it指代上一句中的The Great Wall.
6.B 根据空后的“People had to do all the work by hand.”可知，人们必须手工完成所有工作。由此推断，修建长城不是一件容易的事情。
7.A 上文提到与修建长城相关的事情；再结合空前的“It took millions of men hundreds of years”可知，此处指数百万人花了数百年的时间才完成它。
8.C 根据上一句“There are tall watchtowers along the Great Wall.”可知，长城上有高高的瞭望塔；再结合历史知识可知，此处指在过去，士兵们在瞭望塔上观察敌人。
9.A 根据语境可知，此处指当敌人到来时，他们会点燃烽火来告知对方。
10.D 根据上一句“Today the Great Wall is a famous place of interest.”可知，现在长城是一个著名的旅游胜地，故此处指每年有来自世界各地的人参观长城。visit“参观”，符合语境。
Passage 2
阅读理解
My name is Xiang Jun. I'm from Hubei. Look at the house in the picture. Do you know anything about it
It is the Stilted Buildings of Tujia Nationality(土家族吊脚楼)。There are many houses of this knd in my hometown. Usually, they have two floors. The first floor is for chickens, ducks, sheep and so on. Tujia people always put the firewood(柴火)on the first floor, too. People live on the second floor. The living room is in the center of the house. It is very big. It is for dinner and meeting guests(客人)。On the right and left sides of the house, there are some bedrooms. The kitchen and the bathroom are usually at the back of the house.
In my hometown, you can see this kind of house here and there. But now, young people don't build stilted houses again. Some of them are very old and are falling down. The government(政府)is trying to keep them well because they are the wonderful culture of Tujia nationality.
1 There are usually_______ floors in the Stilted Buildings of Tujia Nationality.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
2 Tujia people usually________ on the first floor.
① sleep ② keep ducks ③have dinner ④ put the firewood
A.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.②③
3 Where do Tujia people meet their guests
A. In the kitchen. B. In the bedroom. C. In the living room. D. In the study.
4 The writer may agree that_______.
A. it's dangerous to live in stilted buildings
B. the government wants to build more stilted buildings
C. young people don't know how to build stilted buildings
D. it's important to protect the Stilted Buildings of Tujia Nationality
5 What is the purpose of this passage
A. To introduce a kind of building.
B. To ask people to build stilted houses.
C. To tell the story of a student from Hubei.
D. To get people interested in building work.
文化拓展
吊脚楼：建筑文化里飘逸的诗篇
吊脚楼，是武陵地区土家族等少数民族建筑文化里飘逸的诗篇，永远芬芳在武陵浩渺如烟的历史长河中。吊脚楼，凝聚着土家等少数民族的文化基因，标示着民族的文化身份。
吊脚楼建造形式复杂，建筑难度大。一般干栏吊脚楼由正屋、转角、厢房三部分组成。厢房飞檐翘角，气势颇为挺拔壮观。从整体规模及外观形式看，依据房屋进深有各种不同数目的“柱”(落地)”“骑”(升天)区别，不过都为单数；依据外形制有“撮箕口”“平吊”“单吊”“四合水”“扁担挑”等分类；依据吊脚楼的“吊空”位置分为前吊、内侧吊、外侧吊；吊脚楼的层高多样，二三四层均有，但是至少为二层；有内侧出廊、内侧及前端出廊、前左右三面出廊、四面回廊；还有“板凳挑”“翘角挑”等多种形式。丰富多彩，变幻莫测！
语篇解读
吊脚楼是土家族人的传统民居，但现在一些吊脚楼已经非常老旧，甚至开始倒塌，政府正在努力保护这些建筑。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Usually, they have two floors.”可知，土家族吊脚楼通常有两层。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The first floor is for chickens, ducks...put the firewood on the first floor, too.”可知，土家族人通常在一楼饲养鸡、鸭、羊等，他们也会把柴火放在一楼，故选B项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The living room...It is for dinner and meeting guests.”可知，土家族人在客厅会见客人。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，一些土家族吊脚楼非常老旧，且正在倒塌。因为土家族吊脚楼是土家族的优秀文化，政府一直在努力保护好它们。由此可推知，作者可能同意“保护土家族吊脚楼是重要的”这一观点。
5.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了土家族吊脚楼的建筑特点以及现状。当地政府正在努力保护它们。由此可推知，本文的写作目的是介绍一种建筑。
Passage 3
阅读理解
The Palace Museum can always take its visitors' breath away. Now, the world's largest wooden (木制的)palace is more than 600 years old! Do you know who built it
In 1406,when the Ming Emperor(皇帝)Yongle decided to move the country's capital from Nanjing to Beijing, he started to build a palace in Beijing. It took about a million workers 14 years to finish it.
Materials like Nanmu and stones(石头)came from all over China. Nanmu, a kind of very expensive Chinese wood, was used to make pillars(柱子)。People could only find it deep in forests over 1,800 km away from Beijing. Workers had t carry the wood on rivers all the way north to Beijing.
The stones were also moved to the palace. The heaviest stone in the Palace Museum is about 250 tons. It was so heavy that people could only move it during the winter. They poured water onto the road to create ice. Then thousands of workers pulled the stone on the ice to the palace.
As one of China's largest palaces, the Palace Museum is a must-see for all visitors.
1 The Palace Museum has a history of_________.
A. over 600 years B. over 700 years C. over 800 years D. over 900 years
2 When did the workers finish building the Palace Museum
A. In 1406. B. In 1410. C. In 1416. D. In 1420.
3 Why did workers move the heaviest stone to the palace in winter
A. Because the Emperor asked them to do so.
B. Because there were more workers to do this.
C. Because icy roads helped them move the stone.
D. Because they found this stone in winter.
4 What can we infer(推断) from the passage
A. Workers were so happy to build the palace.
B. The palace is famous for the heavy stones.
C. Winter is the best season to visit the palace.
D. It was difficult to build the palace at that time.
5 Where can we possibly read the passage
A. In a travel guide. B. In a movie poster. C. In a storybook. D. In a sports magazine.
文化拓展
故宫匾额上的“门”字为何没有钩？
明朝开国的初期，诸处宫殿、官舍、城门逐渐建成。一次，朱元璋命中书詹希元为太学集贤门写门匾。詹希元是明初著名的书法家，在写匾额的时候，把“门”字的最后一竖向内钩起得稍微高了一些。太祖朱元璋看了以后，大怒说：“我本来想召集贤士，你却想闭门堵住贤士的路吗？”于是下令用粉液涂掉了“门”字的那一钩。此后，明朝的各处宫殿、公署、城门的“门”字都不带钩，不仅南京城如此，朱棣营建北京城时也沿袭了这个传统。
清朝的时候，乾隆皇帝认为门上带钩容易刮到自己的龙鳞，也不允许题字上的门字带钩。于是一道圣旨下来，故宫匾额上所有门字的小钩都不见了，也就成了我们今天在故宫博物院看到的那样。
语篇解读
本文介绍了中国的故宫博物院，它是世界上最大的木制宫殿，已经有600多年的历史了。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Now, the world's largest wooden palace is more than 600 years old!”可知，故宫有600多年的历史了。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，1406年，明朝永乐皇帝决定在北京建一座宫殿，工人们花了14年的时间完成建造。由此可知，故宫于1420年建成。
3.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句可知，人们把水倒在地上来制造冰，然后数千名工人一起在冰上把这块石头拉到宫殿；再结合生活常识可知，工人们在冬天把最重的石头运到宫殿是因为道路结冰有助于他们移动石头。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知，建造故宫所用的楠木只有在距离北京1800千米的森林深处才能找到，工人们不得不沿水路一路向北将木材运到北京；再根据第四段的内容可知，建造故宫所用的石头也需要搬运，最大的一块石头差不多有250吨重。由于太重，人们只能在冬天搬运。他们把水倒在路上结成冰。然后，成千上万的工人在冰上把石头拉到宫殿。由此可推知，在当时建造故宫并不容易。
5.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了中国故宫的历史和建造过程，且最后一段指出故宫是所有游客的必游之地。由此可推知，我们可能在旅游指南上看到这篇文章。
Passage 4
阅读理解
Beijing is the capital of China. There are many famous buildings, such as the Summer Palace and Tian'anmen Square. And siheyuan is also well-known in the world.
Siheyuan is a kind of traditional building in China. It has a big square yard in the center. There are four buildings around the yard. Usually, siheyuan is for people from one family to live in.
Siheyuan follows the traditional idea of respecting(尊重)the old. The northern main house receives the most sunshine. The eldest member of the family lives there. The east and west houses are for the second and third generations(一代人)。 The southern building is closest to the gate. It is usually for guests(客人)。
Living in siheyuan helps to keep every family member close. As time went on, siheyuan also became like big neighborhoods for many different families. They could share happy and sad times in the same yard.
Today, tall buildings have replaced(代替)many siheyuan. In order to protect them, the government did a lot of things...
1 Which of the following about siheyuan is TRUE
A. Siheyuan has a square yard i the center.
B. There are more than four buildings in the yard.
C. There are more and more siheyuan in Beijing.
D. Only rich people could live in siheyuan in the past.
2 The eldest family member usually lives in the________ house.
A. eastern B. western C. southern D. northern
3 Which paragraph shows the nice thing about living in siheyuan
A. Paragraph 2. B. Paragraph 3. C. Paragraph 4. D. Paragraph 5.
4 What might the writer talk about next in the last paragraph
A. Stories of siheyuan.
B. Ways of protecting siheyuan.
C. Examples of tall buildings.
D. Rules of living in tall buildings.
文化拓展
四合院的门为何向南开？
四合院是北京传统民居形式，辽代时已初成规模，经金、元，至明、清，逐渐完善，最终成为北京最有特点的居住形式。所谓四合，“四”指东、西、南、北四面，“合”即四面房屋围在一起，形成一个“口”字形。经过数百年的营建，北京四合院从平面布局到内部结构、细部装修都形成了京师特有的京味风格。
标准的北京四合院通常坐北朝南，宅门向南开。首先是因为元朝的城市规划南北为街，东西为巷；街是交通和贸易的主要通道，巷是串联住家的通道。因此，宅院的大门自然向南开最为适宜。其次，也是由北京的自然地理位置决定的，北京冬天刮西北风，夏天吹东南风，门开在南边，冬天可避寒风，夏天则可迎凉风。
语篇解读
四合院是典型的中国传统合院式建筑。本文主要讲述了四合院的建筑布局、居住文化等内容。
答案详析
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It has a big square yard in the center.”可知，四合院中央有一个正方形的院子。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The northern main house...The eldest member of the family lives there.”可知，最年长的家庭成员住在北边的正房。
3.C 段落大意题。通读第四段可知，住在四合院里让每个家庭成员之间的距离更近。随着时间的推移，四合院变成了容纳许多不同家庭的大社区。他们能够在同一个院子里分享快乐和悲伤的时光。由此可推知，第四段提到了住在四合院的好处。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如今，高楼大厦已经取代了许多四合院，为了保护四合院，政府做了一些事情。由此可推断，作者接下来可能会讲保护四合院的方法。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
Chengdu is a city with rich cultural heritage(文化遗产). 1 Now, let me tell you something about it.
Kuanzhai Alley has a history of more than 300 years. 2 They are Wide Alley (Kuan Xiangzi), Narrow Alley (Zhai Xiangzi),and Well Alley(Jing Xiangzi).Walking in these alleys, you can see many beautiful old buildings.
3 Lots of visitors from all over the world come here every year, because there is a lot to see and do in Kuanzhai Alley. There are many small shops selling all kinds of things. You can buy some souvenirs(纪念品)for your family and friends. And you can taste all kinds of delicious local food. 4 You can watch great performances(表演) there. When you are too tired to walk, you can go to one of the teahouses. Sit down, relax, and drink tea. 5
Kuanzhai Alley is really a nice place in Chengdu. If you visit Chengdu, be sure to go to Kuanzhai Alley and have a great time there.
根据短文内容，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。(其中一项多余)
A. It is made up of three alleys. B. Kuanzhai Alley is always very busy. C. It's a good way to learn about Chinese tea culture. D. Also, there are some famous Sichuan Opera houses. E. You can watch street performances or join in the fun. F. Kuanzhai Alley is a must-see for people visiting Chengdu.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
文化拓展
走进宽窄巷子，感受“最成都”文化
位于成都市青羊区少城片区的宽窄巷子，由宽巷子、窄巷子、井巷子平行排列组成，大片青黛砖瓦的四合院落坐落其间，入选了国家级旅游休闲街区、全国示范步行街，还是四川省历史文化名街，承载了成都的历史底蕴、市井文化、生活气息。
走进宽窄巷子，像成都人一样生活，可以从一杯盖碗茶开始。位于巷子里的稷下鲁班工坊复原了传统川西民居生活场景，游客围坐在一张张茶桌前感受成都人的休闲。“锣鼓一响，好戏开场！进来看川剧，马上开演咯！”工坊门口吆喝不停，盖碗里茶叶沉浮，这是宽窄巷子的传统底色。穿梭在宽窄巷子里，文旅新场景与传统建筑相得益彰，尽显岁月之美和时代活力。
语篇解读
宽窄巷子是到成都旅游的人们必去的一个景点。在这里，游客不仅可以欣赏古代建筑，还能看川剧、品茶艺。
答案详析
1.F 空前一句提到成都是一座有着丰富的文化遗产的城市；再结合空后一句和下文对宽窄巷子的介绍可知，空处内容应与成都的宽窄巷子有关，故F项“宽窄巷子是来成都旅游的人们的必去之地”可承上启下，符合语境。
2.A 根据空前一句可知，宽窄巷子有着300多年的历史；再根据空后一句可知，此处列举了宽窄巷子的三条巷子，故A项“它由三条巷子组成”可承上启下，符合语境。
3.B 根据空后一句中的“Lots of visitors from all over the world come here every year”可知，每年都有许多来自世界各地的游客来到此处。由此可推知，空处应与宽窄巷子的受欢迎程度有关，故B项“宽窄巷子总是非常热闹”可引出下文，符合语境。
4.D 根据空后一句“You can watch great performances there.”可推知，空处应提到了一处能看表演的地方，故D项“而且，这里有一些著名的川剧院”可引出下文，符合语境。
5.C 根据空前两句可知，如果游客走累了，可以去茶馆里休息、喝茶。由此可推知，空处应与茶有关，故C项“这是了解中国茶文化的好方法”可承接上文，符合语境。
Passage 6
短文填空
根据短文内容及首字母提示写出单词，使短文完整、通顺。
I learned about Zhaozhou Bridge from my Chinese textbook when I was young. But now I only r 1 two things. First, the bridge stands over the Jiaohe River in Zhaoxian County, Hebei Province. S 2 , the bridge was built by Li Chun in the Sui Dynasty.
With a history of over 1,400 years, Zhaozhou Bridge had its n 3 because Zhaoxian County was called Zhaozhou in the past. Last year, I went to s 4 Zhaozhou Bridge with my own eyes. It is about 50 meters 1 5 and 10 meters wide. But I thought this is not special. Later I found an l 6 thing. The bridge has no piers(桥墩)！How could the bridge stand up to floods(洪水)？This is the a 7 it has one big arch(拱) and four small arches. They not only protect the bridge from floods, b 8 also make it beautiful!
I r 9 love Zhaozhou Bridge. I h 10 to visit it again some day.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
“一眼千年”赵州桥
赵州桥位于河北省石家庄市赵县洨河之上，始建于隋代，距今已有1400多年历史，是世界现存最早、跨度最大的单孔圆弧敞肩石拱桥，1961年入选首批全国重点文物保护单位。
“设计合理是赵州桥屹立千年不倒的重要原因。”赵县博物馆馆长李坤红说，“作为桥梁，最大的危险还是来自洪水。1963年、1996年赵州桥附近多条河流发生特大洪水，遭遇洪水袭击的赵州桥安然无恙，敞肩拱＇的设计起到了重要作用。主拱两端设有四个小拱，这些小拱不仅能够节约材料，减少桥梁自重，还可减少洪水对桥梁本体的冲击。”
2023年11月，赵州桥景区免费向公众开放。如今，桥下流水潺潺，桥上游人如织。赵州桥凝聚了千年历史，见证着今朝繁华。
语篇解读
作者小时候从课本上了解过赵州桥，去年作者亲自去参观了。最令作者感兴趣的是赵州桥的构造：这座桥没有桥墩，却能抵御洪水的侵袭。
答案详析
1.remember 根据上一句可知，作者小时候从语文课本上了解过赵州桥；再结合首字母提示可知，此处指但现在作者只记得两件事情。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，且主语是I,故填动词原形remember.
2.Second 根据上文可知，作者现在只记得两件关于赵州桥的事情；再结合上一句中的First可知，此处要讲第二件事情，故填Second.
3.name 根据空后的“because Zhaoxian County was called Zhaozhou in the past”可知，赵县过去叫赵州；再结合首字母提示可知，此处介绍的是赵州桥名字的由来，故填name.
4.see 根据空后的with my own eyes和首字母提示可知，此处指作者去年亲眼看到了赵州桥。空前的to为不定式符号，故填动词原形see.
5.long 根据空后的10 meters wide可知，赵州桥大约有10米宽；再结合首字母提示可推断，此处指赵州桥大约有50米长，故填long.
6.interesting 根据下一句“The bridge has no piers!”可知，这座桥没有桥墩；再结合首字母提示可推断，作者应该是发现了一件有趣的事情，故填interesting.
7.answer 上一句提出了一个问题“这座桥是怎么经受住洪水的考验的？”；再根据空后的“it has one big arch and four small arches”可知，此处给出了问题的答案，故填answer.
8.but 根据语境可知，此处指这些拱不仅保护赵州桥免受洪水侵袭，而且使这座桥变得美丽。Not only...but also...意为“不仅······而且”，为固定搭配，故填but.
9.really 根据语境和首字母提示可知，此处指“我”真的很喜欢赵州桥，故填really.
10.hope 根据空后的“visit it again some day”和首字母提示可知，再次参观赵州桥应是作者的希望。主语为I,且此处描述现在的情况，故填hope.
Passage 7
书面表达
假设你是李华，Sam是你的笔友，他下个月要到北京旅游。请你根据以下要点提示，写一封英文电子邮件，向Sam介绍一下北京的景点。
要点提示：
1.长城－世界七大奇迹之一；
2.故宫博物院－辉煌壮观的清朝宫殿群；
3.圆明园－举世闻名的皇家园林。
注意：
1.词数不少于60(邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.邮件中不得透露个人信息。
参考词汇：清朝宫殿群the Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty;皇家园林imperial garden
Dear Sam,
I'm very glad to hear that you'll travel to China next month._________________________________________
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I hope you will enjoy your stay in Beijing.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文:
Dear Sam,
I'm very glad to hear that you'll travel to China next month. Now I would like to introduce some places of interest in Beijing.
First, you can visit the Great Wall. It is one of the seven wonders in the world. Second, the Palace Museum is also a wonderful place to go. It is the Imperial Palace of the Qing Dynasty. Many people come to visit it every day. Third, you can't miss Yuanmingyuan. It is a world-famous imperial garden.
I hope you will enjoy your stay in Beijing.
Yours,
Li Hua