Topic 10 中华美德二轮专题学案（含答案解析）-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练(第二期)

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 10 中华美德
话题解读
文化 早知道 中华美德是中华民族在长期历史发展过程中形成的优秀道德品质和行为规范，它包含了丰富的内容。个人品德方面主要包括仁爱、诚信、谦逊、勤劳、勇敢等；家庭美德方面主要包括孝悌、忠诚和节俭等；社会公德方面主要包括爱国、公正、奉献和团结等；职业道德方面主要包括敬业、合作、创新和廉洁等。
考情 早知道 中考对中华美德的考查方向主要集中在个人品德、家庭美德和社会公德三个方面。 该类文章主要有两种形式：一是通过讲述具体事件来宣扬中华美德，例如，2023年湖北鄂州中考短文填空讲述了建造西藏墨脱公路的艰辛历程，体现了永不放弃的精神；二是直接介绍中华美德的含义，例如，2023年江苏苏州中考的阅读理解介绍了儒家思想中的“仁、义、礼、智、信”。
Passage 1
完形填空
Kong Rong was a famous writer during the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was considerate(替人着想的) 1 he was only four.
Kong had five elder brothers and a younger brother. One day, their father bought lots of pears. Some of 2 were big and looked good. Some were small and didn't look so good. The 3 were happy and began to choose. Kong chose the 4 one. Kong's father felt 5 and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son ”Kong 6 ,“I am younger. My elder brothers are older and eat more. They should take the bigger ones."
“But you have a little brother. Why don't you 7 him the smallest one ”
“He is younger and 8 more nutrition(营养)．He should get a bigger one, too."
Kong's father was very 9 that Kong could be so considerate. He didn't think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted 10 .
This is the story of Kong Rong giving away bigger pears.
1 A. after B. before C. when D. until
2 A. it B. us C. you D. them
3 A. boys B. parents C. neighbors D. friends
4 A. best B. smallest C. sweetest D. roundest
5 A. clear B. quiet C. serious D. strange
6 A. answered B. noticed C. raised D. cried
7 A. pay B. buy C. leave D. show
8 A. brings B. needs C. knows D. loses
9 A. happy B. worried C. nervous D. interested
10 A. next B. last C. first D. second
文化拓展
孔融让梨彰显传统美德－礼让
孔融让梨的故事是中国古代启蒙教育的经典，它告诉我们，做人应该懂得谦让，只有善待他人、学会礼让，才能够树立起良好的道德情操，并融于日常生活、学习的方方面面。
礼让是中华民族的传统美德，是中华文化的精髓之一。它不仅是一种行为方式和价值观念，更是一种生命态度和处世哲学。在中国几千年的历史中，礼让一直被视为人类道德的基石，是人类文明的重要组成部分。
礼让，是指人们在交往中表现出来的尊重和关爱他人的行为，如让座、让路、谦让先行等。在传统文化中，礼让被视为一种强调人际关系的文化现象，是一种维护社会和谐稳定的重要举措。因此，无论身处何时何地，都应该以尊重他人为前提，以关爱他人为出发点，以礼让他人为行动准则。
语篇解读
本文主要讲述了孔融让梨的故事。孔融四岁时就懂得礼让，有一天他的父亲买了很多梨，孔融选择了其中最小的一个，把大一点的梨留给了哥哥和弟弟。
答案详析
1.C 根据空后的he was only four可推知，此处指孔融年仅四岁的时候。
2.D 根据空前的“their father bought lots of pears”可知，父亲买了一些梨；再根据空后的“were big and looked good”可推知，此处在描述这些梨，故应选them指代lots of pears.
3.A 上文提到孔融有五个哥哥和一个弟弟，父亲买了一些梨回家。结合常识可推知，此处指这些男孩们很高兴，开始挑选梨。
4.B 根据5空后的“Why not choose a bigger one”可知，孔融的父亲问他为什么不选一个大一点的梨；结合语境和选项可推知，孔融应该是选了最小的梨。
5.D 上文提到孔融选了最小的梨；结合空后父亲说的话“Why not choose a bigger one, my son ”可知，孔融的父亲应该是感到奇怪，所以才问儿子为什么不选一个大一点的梨。
6.A 上文是父亲提出的疑问，空后孔融说的话是对父亲的问题作出回答。由此可知，此处指孔融回答道。
7.C 上文提到孔融认为自己年纪小，所以将大一点的梨留给哥哥们，自己选了最小的一个；但是孔融还有一个弟弟，所以父亲听完孔融的话后发出了疑问。由此可推知，父亲应该是疑惑为什么孔融不把最小的梨留给弟弟。
8.B 根据空前的He is younger和空后的more nutrition可推知，此处指他更小，需要更多营养。
9.A 根据空后的“that Kong could be so considerate"并结合常识可知，孔融非常替别人着想，父亲对此应该会感到很开心。
10.C 上文提到分梨时孔融既为哥哥们考虑，又为弟弟考虑，自己选了最小的一个梨。由此可知，孔融首先想到的是别人想要什么。
Passage 2
阅读理解
The year 2024 marks the 88th anniversary of the victory(胜利)of a world-famous march(行军)－the Red Army's Long March of 25,000 li(12,500 kilometers).
In October 1934, the Red Army was attacked and in danger. They decided to move to a safer place. There ,they could keep fighting against the enemy(敌军)。The march began with over 80,000 soldiers in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province.
Along the way, soldiers went through lots of difficulties. In Sichuan, they had to cross the Luding Bridge in the middle of gunfire. They also climbed over snow-covered Jiajin Mountain (more than 4,000 meters high). They didn't have enough food or clothes. Many soldiers died of cold and hunger. In October 1936,the Long March came to an end in Huining, Gansu Province.
The Long March is a great success in human history. We should carry on “the Long March spirit (精神)”：working hard and never giving up.
1 What does the underlined word “attacked” mean in Chinese
A.处理 B.提醒 C.吸引 D.攻击
2 Where did the Long March start
A. In Sichuan. B. In Jiangxi. C. In Hunan. D. In Shaanxi.
3 How long did the Long March last
A. About one year. B. About two years.
C. About three years. D. About four years.
4 What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. The difficulties soldiers faced.
B. The ways soldiers fought along the way.
C. The places where soldiers died during the march.
D. The number of people who died during the march.
5 Which part of a newspaper may this passage be from
A. Sports Time. B. Science Study. C. Chinese Spirit. D. Nature Watch.
文化拓展
长征精神
红军长征这一人类历史上的伟大壮举，是一部传世的英雄史诗，是一座不朽的历史丰碑。留给我们最可贵的精神财富，就是中国共产党人和红军将士用生命和热血铸就的伟大长征精神。
长征精神就是为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神。在长征路上，我们党领导的红军没有向极度的困难低头，没有向恶劣的环境屈服。他们不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜牺牲自己的一切，硬是在艰苦卓绝的长征中，血战湘江、四渡赤水、巧渡金沙江、飞夺泸定桥、抢夺娄山关、激战嘉陵江、冲破乌江天险，击退了百万穷凶极恶的追兵阻敌，征服空气稀薄的冰山雪岭，穿越渺无人烟的沼泽草地，以大无畏的英雄气概，战胜千难万险，付出了巨大的牺牲，胜利完成了震撼世界、彪炳史册的长征。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了中国红军开始长征的原因、途中遇到的困难以及长征的重大意义等。答案详析
1.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的in danger和＂They decided to move to a safer place.”可知，红军处于危险当中，决定转移到更安全的地方。结合选项可推知，红军应该是遭到了攻击，故attack意为“攻击”。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The march began with over 80,000 soldiers in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province.”可知，红军长征是从江西瑞金出发的。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，红军于1934年10月开始长征；再根据第三段最后一句中的“In October 1936,the Long March came to an end”可知，1936年10月，长征结束。由此可知，长征持续了大约两年。
4.A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，长征路上，战士们经历了重重困难。他们在枪林弹雨中穿越泸定桥，翻越积雪覆盖的夹金山，没有足够的食物和衣服，许多战士牺牲了。由此可知，本段主要讲述了红军在长征途中遇到的困难。
5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国红军开始长征的原因、途中遇到的困难以及长征的重大意义，呼吁我们弘扬长征精神。由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自报纸上的“中国精神”部分。
Passage 3
阅读理解
The Double Ninth Festival is on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar each year. Nine is the biggest one-digit number in ten, and it sounds the same as“久”in Chinese. So people's wishes for old people's long life are the cultural meaning of the Double Ninth Festival.
Caring for old people is a traditional Chinese virtue(美德)。China Youth Daily polled(调查)1,527 Chinese under 40 online. The result showed that more and more young people would show their love for the old on this festival.
When the newspaper asked the people how they showed love for the old, more than 70% said they cared about their health. 69% said they spent more time with old people.43% said they gave them enough money. Over 30% said they taught old people how to use smart phones.
Lili, a 21-year-old student, spends the festival with her grandparents almost every year because she wants to make them happy. However, she is studying in Hebei Province and couldn't visit her grandparents this year.“I made a video call to them on that day and told them I love them," she said.
1 What is the cultural meaning of the Double Ninth Festival
A. To show wishes for old people's rich life.
B. To show wishes for old people's long life.
C. To show wishes for old people's good luck.
D. To show wishes for old people's big success.
2 Who made the poll according to Paragraph 2
A.A school. B.A student. C.A hospital. D.A newspaper.
3 How does the writer show the result of the poll
A. By telling a story. B. By showing a saying. C. By listing numbers. D. By giving examples.
4 What can we know about Lili
A. She is working in Hebei Province.
B. She cares about her grandparents very much.
C. She always makes video calls with her family.
D. She never spends festivals with her grandparents.
5 What is the passage mainly about
A. Different ways to show love for the old.
B. The history of the Double Ninth Festival.
C. The importance of nine in Chinese culture.
D. Some traditions on the Double Ninth Festival.
文化拓展
浓浓敬老情 久久常相伴
九月初九，“九九”谐音“久久”，有长久之意，因此，中国人常在此日进行敬老活动。中国自古以来就有尊老敬老的传统，“天地之性，人为贵。人之行，莫大于孝”“老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼”。·这些名言流传至今，加深了人们对孝道的理解，诠释了传统美德的真谛。
2013年实施的《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》正式规定每年重阳节为我国的“老年节”，倡导全社会参与尊老、爱老、助老，大力发展敬老、养老事业。老年人是社会财富的创造者、时代进步的推动者。虽然老年人不像年轻人那样精力充沛，但他们拥有年轻人不具备的经验和智慧，仍然可以为社会创造价值。
语篇解读
尊老敬老是中华民族的传统美德。调查显示，越来越多的年轻人会在重阳节这一天对老人表示关爱。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“So people's wishes for old people's long life are the cultural meaning of the Double Ninth Festival.”可知，人们祝福老人长寿是重阳节的文化内涵。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“China Youth Daily polled 1,527 Chinese under 40 online.”可知，《中国青年报》在网上调查了1527名40岁以下的中国人。第三段第一句中的the newspaper也是提示信息。
3.C 推理判断题。通读第三段可知，报纸问人们如何表达对老人的爱时，超过70%的人表示他们关心老人的健康。69%的人说他们花更多的时间陪伴老人。43%的人说给老人足够的钱。超过30%的人说教老人使用智能手机。由此可知，作者是通过列数字的方式来展现调查结果的。
4.B 推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，丽丽几乎每年都会和自己的祖父母过重阳节，因为她想让他们高兴。今年，丽丽无法回家探望祖父母，但她给祖父母打了视频电话，并告诉祖父母她爱他们。由此可推知，丽丽很关心自己的祖父母。
5.A 主旨大意题。《中国青年报》做了一项调查，调查结果显示越来越多的人会在重阳节这一天以不同的方式表达对老人的关爱；最后一段列举了一个事例。由此可推知，本文主要与人们关爱老人的不同方式有关。
Passage 4
阅读理解
If you were a little screw(螺丝钉)，could you stick to your post(坚守岗位) forever Lei Feng answered this question with his services to his country.
Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier. During the 22 years he was alive, ▲ . He carried luggage for the elderly and gave food to children. He once gave all his money to his friend's sick parents. He darned(补) pants and socks for his fellow soldiers.
Lei Feng spoke little about what he did. After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about him.“There is a limit(限度)to one's life but no limit to serving the people,” Lei Feng said.
To learn from Lei Feng, each year's March 5 has been named as “Learn From Lei Feng Day". On that day, students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the role model. Some of them choose to put the shared bikes along the road n order. Others go to the nursing home to help look after the old. All of them want to help others by doing small things.
1 When was Lei Feng born
A. In 1963. B. In 1962. C. In 1940. D. In 1922.
2 Which of the following is the best to be put in the“ ▲ ”？
A. he helped many people
B. he made much money
C. he worked as a screw worker
D. he made some friends
3 Which of the following are TRUE according to the passage
① Lei Feng is popular all over the world.
② Learn From Lei Feng Day falls on March 5.
③ Lei Feng always told his friends what he did.
④ Students learn from Lei Feng by doing small things.
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
4 What would be the best title for the passage
A.A popular festival B. A helpful person C. Special students D. Shared bikes
文化拓展
雷锋精神
雷锋精神是对雷锋言行事迹所表现出来的先进思想、道德品质和崇高理想的高度概括，是以雷锋名字命名并在实践中不断丰富和发展的民族精神与时代精神。雷锋精神是永恒的，因为它具有信念的能量、大爱的胸怀、忘我的精神和进取的锐气，这正是我们民族精神的最好写照。
作为一名中国共产党党员，雷锋一生以党的事业为理想，以实际行动体现了中国共产党人的先进性和纯洁性，彰显了中国共产党人的初心与本色。实现中华民族伟大复兴，就需要我们像雷锋那样具有对党忠诚的政治品格，一心为民的大爱情怀，积极工作的忘我态度，干事创业的进取精神，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而不懈奋斗。
语篇解读
如果你是一颗小小的螺丝钉，你会一直坚守在岗位上吗？雷锋同志用他的亲身实践回答了这一问题。
学答案详析
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During the 22 years he was alive”可知，雷锋在世22年；再根据第三段中的“After he died in 1962”可知，雷锋于1962年去世。由此可知，雷锋出生于1940年。
2.A 句子还原题。根据空后内容可知，雷锋为老人提行李，为孩子们送食物。有一次，他拿出自己所有的钱给朋友的父母治病。他为战友缝补裤子和袜子。由此可推知，雷锋在自己有限的生命中帮助过很多人，故A项符合语境。
3.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，“学习雷锋日”是每年的3月5日，这天，为了向雷锋学习，学生们通过做一些小事来帮助他人。故②④符合题意。
4.B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了雷锋以及他帮助他人的事迹等。由此可知，B项“一个乐于助人的人”最适合作本文标题。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
The Highest Good Is like Water
What is the best virtue What can we learn from water The famous Chinese thinker Laozi might give us an answer.
Laozi told us that the top character(品质)is just like water. All life in the world cannot live without water, but water never asks for anything from others. It just keeps giving quietly. Also, water always flows to low places where people don't like to go. It always keeps a low profile(保持低调)。We should not forget what water has taught us.
When getting on with people, we can act as water. Do our best to help others without trying to get anything back. At the same time, stay humble(谦逊的)。It's not good to always talk about what we gave to others. Besides, even if we are in a difficult situation, we need to stay calm. After all, water doesn't choose where to be, and it just runs to where it is needed.
根据短文内容，完成下面的表格。每空一词。
The Highest Good Is like Water
Introduction Laozi might 1 us what we can learn from water.
Characters of water · 2 can live without water, but water never asks for anything from others. ·It flows to 3 places and keeps a low profile.
Three 4 to get on with others ·Try our best 5 others like water. · Don't always talk about what we did. ·Stay calm when being in a difficult situation.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
文化拓展
老子的“水”哲学
老子用水性来比喻上德的人格，他认为水是天地间最有善性、最有道德的事物，他所追求的处世之道也是与水之德相契合的。“上善若水”，这是老子的人生态度，也是老子所倡导的处世哲学。
天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫能胜。水是最温柔的，但是用之攻坚又有很大力量。在老子看来，一切生长着的、滋润着的生命是柔弱的，而一切死亡着的、枯萎着的生命是僵硬的。水，平静而和缓地从深山流出，润物无声，泽被遐迩，那是柔和的象征；然而水却能无坚不摧，可以载舟，可以覆舟，使巨石危岸崩塌，日星隐曜，山川变色。这里牵涉老子的一个重要的哲理：柔性、谦退、收敛的状态，在老子看来不仅仅是做人的一种修养或手段，它还显示着生命的韧性与弹性，这是富于生命力的状态。在这种状态下，事物才有持续发展的希望。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了老子的“上善若水”思想，号召我们学习水的品质。
答案详析
1.tell 根据第一段可知，对于最好的品德是什么以及我们能从水身上学到什么这两个问题，老子可以给我们答案。结合空处内容可知，此处指老子可以告诉我们能从水身上学到什么。空前有情态动词might,故此处填动词原形tell.
2.Nothing 根据第二段中的“All life in the world cannot live without water”可知，世界上所有的生命都离不开水，即没有水，什么都无法生存。空处缺少主语，故填Nothing,注意首字母大写。
3.low 根据第二段中的“Also, water always flows to low places...keeps a low profile.”可知，水总是往低处流，保持低调。所填词修饰名词places,故填形容词low.
4.ways 根据文章最后一段和右栏的内容可知，此处讲述的是和别人友好相处的三种方法。空前的Three提示此处应用复数形式，故填ways.
5.to help 根据最后一段中的“we can act as water”和“Do our best to help others”可知，此处指要像水一样，尽最大努力帮助别人。try one's best to do sth.“尽最大努力做某事”，为固定用法，故填to help.
Passage 6
短文填空
根据短文内容，从方框中选出正确的单词并用其适当形式填空。(其中两项多余)
for long and real they help with classmate open do habit but
Mom and Dad work hard every day. What can we do for 1 Zhao Zehua, a 13-year-old boy from Xi'an, helps his parents a lot.
In 2012, Zhao Zehua's parents 2 a small store to sell baozi. They worked 3 hours every day, from 4:00 am to 11:00 pm. Zhao Zehua said,＂Sometimes my parents only had breakfast a day. It's not a healthy 4 .”
When Zhao was 3 years old, he started to learn to roll wrappers(擀皮)and do something for his parents. “I knew they were 5 busy. So I wanted 6 them." On the first day, it was difficult 7 him to roll one wrapper. As time went on, he became good at 8 it. He could roll over 500 wrappers in the morning at the age of 5.
In 2019,Zhao Zehua was voted as the Most Beautiful Teenager with Filial Piety(最美孝心少年)． Now their store has been closed. Zhao doesn't need to get up early to roll wrappers, 9 he still helps his mother do housework every day. He is a great student at school. His 10 all like him because he is always ready to help them.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
中华传统美德－孝顺
中国传统孝道文化的精华，可以用十二个字来概括，即：敬亲、奉养、侍疾、立身、谏诤、善终。“孝”最基本的含义，就在于顺从父母的愿望，满足他们的需要和要求，这在中国是一个十分古老的观念。孝道文化的核心是敬老养老。作为中华民族普遍认同的优良传统，它强调幼敬长、下尊上，要求晚辈尊敬老人，子女孝敬父母，爱护、照顾、赡养老人，使老人们颐养天年，享受天伦之乐。
孝道也是形成现代和谐人际关系的价值渊源，还可以说是保持社会稳定的重要因素之一。事亲行孝历来是做人的根本，是中华民族的传统美德，是家庭和睦、社会安定、民族团结的基本要素。孝道文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，是中华民族爱国主义情怀的感情基础和道德基础。
语篇解读
父母每天都辛苦工作，我们能为他们做些什么呢？“最美孝心少年”赵泽华为我们做出了榜样。
答案详析
1.them 根据上一句“Mom and Dad work hard every day.”可知，父母每天都辛苦工作，故此处表示“我们能为他们做什么呢？”。空前有介词for,故填they的宾格them.
2.opened 2012年，赵泽华的父母开了一家卖包子的小店。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填opened.
3.long 根据空后的“from 4:00 am to 11:00 pm”可知，赵泽华的父母从凌晨4点工作到晚上11点。由此可知，他们每天工作很长时间。所填词修饰名词hours,故填形容词long.
4.habit 根据上一句“Sometimes my parents only had breakfast a day.”可知，有时候赵泽华的父母每天只吃早饭，故此处指这不是一个健康的习惯。空前有不定冠词a,故填名词单数形式habit.
5.really 上文提到赵泽华的父母每天都工作很长时间，故此处指赵泽华知道父母非常忙。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语修饰busy,故填real的副词形式really.
6.to help 根据上一句可知，赵泽华知道父母非常忙，故此处指他想帮他们。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，为固定用法，故填to help.
7.for 第一天，对赵泽华来说擀一张皮都很困难。此处考查“it is/was+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是······的”，故填for.
8.doing 根据下一句可知，5岁时，赵泽华一上午能擀500多个皮。由此可知，此处指随着时间的推移，赵泽华变得擅长做（擀皮）这件事。空前的介词at提示此处应用动词－ing形式，故填doing.
9.but 空前的“赵泽华不需要早起擀皮”和空后的“他仍然每天都帮母亲做家务”构成转折关系，故填but.
10.classmates 根据上一句“He is a great student at school.”可知，赵泽华在学校是一个好学生；再结合备选词可知，此处指他的同学都喜欢他。根据空后的谓语动词like可知，此处应填classmate的复数形式classmates.
Passage 7
书面表达
勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德。假使你们学校校报正在开展以“勤俭节约”为主题的征文活动，请根据下图提示，以“Say No to Waste”为题写一篇短文投稿，谈谈你的建议和做法。
要求：
1.文章需包含图中的全部内容，可适当发挥；
2.词数：70词左右。
Say No to Waste
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参考范文:
Say No to Waste
Waste can be seen everywhere in our daily life. What should we do then
First, we must save water. We should shut off the tap after using it. Second, when we leave rooms, we should turn off the lights. Third, don't waste food. Eat up the food on the plates. Fourth, we can go to school by bike or on foot. Last but not least, we can reuse the textbooks.
In a word, everyone should take action to refuse waste.