2025年广东中考英语语法精讲精练之被动语态（含答案）

被动语态
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 独立完成被动语态的练习并会运用
问题层级图
目标层级图
一、被动语态的用途和基本构成
例：
这块手表是中国制造的。
每年都应该种更多的树。
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
这些句子在表达时，要么我们想突出动作的承受者，要么我们不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者，在这种情况下我们需要使用被动语态。
试判断下列中文句子翻译成英文要用主动语态还是被动语态：
1. 相机是用来照相的。
2. 我们用木头做家具。
3. 那只老鼠被猫抓住了。
4. 我们的城市应该保持干净整洁。
5. 他在学校打架被老师批评了。
例：
We clean the classroom.
=The classroom is cleaned by us.
He made the kite.
=The kite was made by him.
They will plant trees tomorrow.
=Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
我们发现主动语态在转化成被动语态的句子时，都是将主动句里的______变成被动句里的______，将主动句里的______变成被动句里的______，并由______引导（可省略）。谓语动词变成相应的______.
KEYS：宾语；主语；主语；宾语；by; 被动形式
如下图：
主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
并且基本结构为：______ + ______
KEYS: be; done
练习
将下列句子转换成被动语态。
1. I make this model plane.
_________________________________________
2. Students in class 1 beat the students in class two.
_________________________________________
3. The gardener waters the flowers every day.
_________________________________________
4. Our teacher praised Li Ming yesterday.
_________________________________________
5. The cat caught the mouse.
_________________________________________
KEYS:
1. This model plane is made by me.
2. Students in class two were beaten by students in class one.
3. The flowers are watered by the gardener every day.
4. Li Ming was praised by our teacher yesterday.
5. The mouse was caught by the cat.
二、各个时态下被动语态的书写形式和用法
例：
1. The ball is passed to Li Lei by Wang Ming.
2. The cake was cut into pieces by her.
3. The fact will be found out by someone one day.
4. Flowers are being watered by her.
5. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.
6. The work has been finished by Jim.
7. The work had been finished by the end of 2015.
8. He can be found by me.
小结
各个时态下被动语态的构成形式：
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 Did
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to + do
现在进行时 am/is/are + doing
过去进行时 was/were + doing
现在完成时 have/has + done
过去完成时 had done
含有情态动词 can/may/must + do
KEYS: am/is/are + done; was/were + done; will/shall/be going to + be done; am/is/are + being done; was/were + being done; have/has + been done; had + been done; can/may/must + be done.
拓展
He said a kite would be made by him.
过去将来时的被动：would/should/be going to + be done
练习
判断下列句子的被动语态形式是否书写正确，如果错误请改正。
1. The People's Republic of China was found on October 1, 1949.
2. The construction of the two new railway lines has completed by now.
3. His new work will be published next month.
KEYS: 1. 错误，was founded; 2. 错误；has been completed; 3. 正确
单选。
1. The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
2. English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
3. This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
4. This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made
5. New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
KEYS: BDDDC
用括号里词的适当形式填空。
1. His new book ______ next month. (publish)
2. A new house ______ at the corner of the road yesterday. (build)
3. Our room must ______ clean. (keep)
4. These papers ______ yet. (write)
5. Tea ______ in the south of China. (grow)
KEYS:
1. will be published; 2. was built; 3. be kept; 4. haven’t been written; 5. is grown
三、被动语态的特殊用法
1. 主动结构表被动意义
例：
这本书卖的很好，在这家书店已经卖光了。
________________________________________
他们正在吃尝道菜，这道菜尝起来不错。
________________________________________
现在还遗留了一个问题，这个问题尚待解决。
________________________________________
KEYS:
This kind of book sells very well and it has been sold out in this bookstore by now.
They are having this dish and it tastes good.
Here is a problem remained and it remains to be solved.
像上面这种情况我们不能用被动语态表达，要用主动表被动。
1.1.
例：
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
This kind of shirt sells well here.
open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。
1.2.
例：
Uniforms look ugly on us.
Mooncakes taste delicious.
look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
1.3.
例：
My bile needs repairing.
=My bike needs to be repaired.
“want/need/require + doing”相当于 “want/need/require + to be done”.
2. 没有被动语态的动词和动词短语
例：
A car accident happened here yesterday.
This turned out to be a great help to the workers.
My ink has run out.
happen, take place, belong to, run out, turn out这些常见的动词和动词短语没有被动语态。
3. 后跟双宾语的动词变被动需要加介词
例：
She gave me a book as my birthday present.
= A book was given to me (by her) as my birthday.
My father showed me a photo of his yesterday.
= A photo of my father’s was showed to me (by him) yesterday.
give, show, bring, teach, send, tell, pass, lend这些常见的后跟双宾语的动词在变被动语态的时候要添加介词。
练习
判断下列句子的被动语态是否使用有误。
1. A car crash took place there last week.
2. The cake is smelt good.
3. My clothes need washing.
4. The store is opened at 6:00 every day.
5. The music sounds good.
KEYS: 1.正确；2.错误；3.正确；4.错误； 5.正确
选择题。
1. The apple ______very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
2. How dirty the tables are! They need ______.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
3. The supermarket ______ at 8:00 in the morning.
A. opens B. is opened C. opened D. open
4. Thomas ______ before _____.
A. is asked turn off the lights, leaving B. asks to turn off the lights, he leaves
C. is asked to turn off the lights, leaving D. is asked to turn off the lights, he leaving
5. Many changes _____ in my hometown in the past.
A. took the place B. were taken place
C. took place D. were taking place
KEYS: CCACC
四、独立运用被动语态解题
综合练习
改错。
The new car is sold very well around the world.
A B C
The tower was designed by Eiffel and his colleagues belongs to France.
A B C
Cheering by many crazy girls, EXO felt satisfied.
A B C
The Sino-Japan War was started by Japan took place in 1937.
A B C
It is saying that pencils write better than pens.
A B C
KEYS: 1. A. sells; 2. B. designed; 3. A. cheered; 4. A. started; 5. A. said
用括号里单词的正确形式填空。
1. Most physics books _____(write) in English.
2. Those computers _____(not repair) until last week.
3. Some new schools _____(build) in a few years in this new district.
4. _____ the windows ______(break) by Shawn just now
5. The novel _____(write) by J.K. Rowling _____(sell) out this morning.
6. The little baby must ______ (照顾) by his sister because his parents are not at home.
7. The new dress ______ (belong to) me.
8. Great changes ______ (take place) in China recent years.
9. My brother ______ (被叫去) clean his room.
KEYS: 1. are written; 2. were not repaired; 3. will be built; 4. Were, broken; 5. written, is sold; 6. be taken care of, be looked after; 7. belongs to; 8. have taken place; 9. was made to
翻译
1. 他遭了父亲一顿打。
__________________________________
2. 我们为那部电影所感动。
__________________________________
3. 许多房屋在地震中已经被毁坏。
__________________________________
4. 那台电脑正在被修理。
__________________________________
5. 那本小说值得一读。
__________________________________
6. 这种裤子卖得很好。
__________________________________
7. 每年许多鲨鱼都要被屠杀。
__________________________________
8. 每半年我们学校都将举行一次运动会。
__________________________________
KEYS:
1. He was beaten by his father.
2. We were moved by that film.
3. A lot of houses had been destroyed in the earthquake.
4. The computer is being mended.
5. That novel is worth reading.
6. This kind of pants sells well.
7. Every year, many sharks are killed.
8. The sports meeting will be held by our school every half year.