2025年广东中考英语语法精讲精练之名词（含答案）

名词
教学目标：★★★★☆☆ 学生能正确识别并灵活运用名词做出题目。
问题层级图
目标层级图
一、识别什么是名词
I like apples.
That is a desk with many books on it.
How is the weather there
Tom and Lily are reading loudly.
The bridge is made of wood.
The Great Wall is very famous.
总结
表示_____ _____ _____ _____的名称的词叫做名词。
KEYS: 人；事物；地点；抽象概念
Knowledge is power.
I don’t know her name.
Water shortage is still the biggest problem in western China.
This is my friend, Della.
I want to buy a pair of sports shoes.
总结
以上句子中_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
KEYS: knowledge; power; name; water; shortage; problem; China; friend; Della; shoe.
二、正确运用名词的数
I have an apple.
I have two apples.
I’d like some tea.
I’d like two cups of tea.
总结
名词分为_____和_____名词，_____ 有复数形式的变换。
KEYS: 可数名词；不可数；可数名词
可数名词规则复数形式的构成
There are many desks in the classroom.
They are brothers.
总结
一般直接在词尾加_____
KEY: s
How beautiful are the boxes!
Our grade has 8 classes.
I bought 2 watches, the other is for my sister.
Mom has to prepare the dishes.
总结
词尾以_____ _____ _____ _____等的名词后加_____.
KEYS: -x; -s; -ch; -sh；-es
练习
There are some _____ (watch) on the table.
Please give me two _____ (glass) of water to Lily and her mother.
The _____ (path) diverge in the yellow wood.
The _____ (youth) are playing basketball there.
KEYS: watches; glasses; paths; youth
I like to eat potatoes.
I would like tomatoes for dinner.
She takes a lot of photos on her vacation.
There are plenty of heroes in the Chinese history.
总结
以_____结尾的词中，有生命的加_____,无生命的加_____
KEYS: -o; -es; s
练习
I would like some _____ (tomato) for lunch.
I want to buy two _____ (watch)
KEYS: tomatoes,watches.
There are many thieves in the Chun Xi Road.
Leaves fall down during autumn.
You can use all kinds of knives to make a meal.
总结
以_____ 或_____结尾的名词，大多数变_____为_____.
KEYS: -f; -fe; -f或-fe; -ves
How cute are the babies!
Look at the boys! They are playing basketball!
总结
以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，把_____变为_____,再加_____
以元音字母加-y结尾的词，_____.
KEYS: -y; -i; -es; -s
不规则复数形式
表示国籍的单词Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen
Frenchman- Frenchmen German-Germans
口诀：中日不变 英法变，其他s加后面。
2.单复数同形的单词sheep-sheep means-means head-head species-species
3.单词特殊的复数形式foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women child-children
特殊的复数形式
There are many goods in the shopping mall.
People would like to spend holidays with their families.
总结
_____ _____等这些集体名词表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
KEYS: goods; people
The family is living in the town.
The families are having lunch.
总结
family 等集体名词侧重_____时表示单数意义,谓语动词用_____,侧重_____时表示复数意义，谓语动词用_____.
KEYS: 整体；单数；整体中的成员；复数。
There are two men doctors in the operating room.
总结
_____ ______做定语修饰的名词变成复数时，_____ _____和后面的名词都需要变成复数形式。
KEYS: man; woman; man; woman
They are the olds’ daughters-in-law.
Two editors-in-chief are coming.
总结
中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词将其中主要的词变成_____.
KEY: 复数
There is a person on the ground.
There are three people/persons on the ground.
总结
People只能表示_____,表示一个人的时候只能用_____
KEYS:复数；a person
不可数名词
找一找哪些是不可数名词
cotton tomato food bread potato photo meat pork desk milk water chair money information advice
KEYS: cotton 棉花 food食品 meat肉 pork猪肉 milk 牛奶 water 水 money 钱 information信息 advice信息
There is a wind went by.
There must be a heavy rain soon.
总结
有些物质名词在表达_____ _____ 等个体概念时，是可数名词。
KEYS: 一场；一份
拓展
waters 大片水域 woods 森林 foods 各种各样的食品 peoples民族
a comfort/joy/failure/pity/regret/beauty/danger/honour/pleasure/shame/success/shock/surprise
表示具体的人或事物，即某种人或事。
How I wish to be a Newton.
A Della is asking you.
总结
专有名词有时也可用作_____
KEY: 可数名词
三、正确运用名词的格
This is John’s car.
It’s a girls’ school.
Beijing is the capital of China.
They are several friends of mine.
总结
名词所有格是表示_____的一种形式，以上有_____ _____两种形式。
KEYS: 所属关系；-’s所有格；of 所有格
名词所有格的构成
This is Bob’s backpack.
Dick’s favorite star is James.
总结
一般情况下是直接加_____
KEY: ’s
You should obey your boss’ order.
The United States’ policy is changing.
It’s almost two hours’ walk.
总结
以_____或_____结尾的名词只加_____.
KEYS: -s; -es; ’
They are my mother’s and my father’s friends.
Tom and Henry’s room faces south.
总结
表示各自拥有某件东西时，_____;表示共同拥有某件东西时，_____
KEYS: 每个名词都要用所有格形式；最后一个名词加’s
练习
1. This is _____ desk.
A. Lily and Tom’s B. Lily’s and Tom’s
2. There are _____desks.
A. Lily and Tom’s B. Lily’s and Tom’s
KEYS: AB
Beijing is the capital of China.
The life of the poor is the biggest problem in this country.
练习
翻译：1.这个房间的窗户朝着南方。
______________________
2.这栋房子的主人是老亨利。
______________________.
KEYS: 1.The window of the house faces south.
The owner of the house is Old Henry.
总结
of 所有格的构成：_____+_____+_____.
KEYS:名词；of; 名词
She is a cousin of my father’s.
Lily is a friend of ours.
总结
如果第一个名词前有表示不确指的数量的词，例如a, several；第二个名词明确限定指人的时候用双重所有格。双重所有格的构成：_____+_____+_____或_____+_____+_____
KEYS:名词；of; -’s名词所有格；名词；of;名词性物主代词
练习
1. Della is _____.
A. a friend of my B. a friend of me C. a friend of mine D. friend of my friend
2．Lily is _____.
A. a sister of me B. a sister of mine C. a sister of my C. a sister of my sister’s
KEYS: CB
拓展
Of one’s own 也是一种双重所有格，后不能再接名词。
E g: This is a car of my own.
四、名词的修饰语
There are a few people outside in the cold night.
A number of students are playing basketball.
There is little milk left.
Some workers are busy repairing it.
I’d like some tea.
总结
表示_____的词可以修饰名词。
KEY:数量
修饰可数名词：
There are few tomatoes left.
Don’t worry. There are still a few.
There is little milk left.
Don’t worry. There is still a little.
总结
修饰可数名词的是_____ _____;修饰不可数名词的是_____ _____
其中表示肯定意义的是_____ _____;意思为_____
其中表示否定意义的是_____ _____;意思为_____.
KEYS: few; a few; little; a little; a few; a little;有一点儿； few; little几乎没有
There are many books in the bookcase
A good many/A number of students are playing soccer.
Several/A couple of girls are coming.
总结
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____修饰_____
KEYS: many; a good many; a number of; several; a couple of; 可数名词复数
There’s much meat left after the barbecue.
A great deal of/A large amount of gas has been released during the accident.
I would like to add a bit of sugar.
总结
_____ _____ _____ _____ 修饰_____
KEYS: much; a great deal of; a large amount of; a bit of;不可数名词
I would like some tea.
I want to buy some books.
There are a lot of/lots of/plenty of/enough vegetables left.
There are a lot of/lots of/plenty of/enough water left.
总结
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 既可修饰可数名词还可修饰不可数名词。
KEYS: some; a lot of; lots of; plenty of; enough
This is a piece of chalk.
I bought a pound of meat.
I’d like a loaf of chocolate.
总结
名词还可以用_____修饰
KEY:量词
拓展
A piece of a meter of a box of a cup of a bar of a fit of 一阵
A crowd of a group of a team of
练习
There are ____ cakes on the table.
a piece of B .two piece of C. two pieces of D. two pieces
2. Grandpa bought _____ cattle last year.
A. a head B. two heads of C. two heads D. two head of
KEYS: CD
It is a stone table.
She is a pretty girl.
The people there are very nice.
I like the girl in red clothes.
I want to buy a notebook whose cover is red.
总结
名词可以由_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 修饰。
KEYS: 名词；形容词；副词；介词短语；从句
五、学会灵活运用名词做出题目
1.— You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon
—I did Christmas shopping.
A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of
2.—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？
—I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.
A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule
3.—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum!
—Mind your own ,Sue!
A. action B. duty C. business D. way
4. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news.
A. many B. a few C. much D. few
5. ---Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night
---Because I didn’t have any ______ with me.
A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money
KEYS: ADCCD
6. John always says that he likes apples of all the ______.
A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks
7. ---You look worried. What’s your ______
---I have trouble learning English.
A. name B. question C. problem D. job
8. ---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do
---I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi.
A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information
9. I like __ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.
A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles
10 .---In my opinion, China has more ______ to deal with the disease of H1N1.
---I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well.
A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials　
KEYS:BCAAA
11.— It’s said that you have moved into a new house.
—Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby.
A. food B. furniture C. hamburger
12. All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
13. — Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home
— My grandma, she got hurt in an accident.
A. place B. part C. seat D. care
14. ---How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China
---You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve.
A. summer B. autumn C. winter
15. Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet.
A. information B. message C. invention
KEYS:BDDCA
16._______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teachers.
A. A number of ; women B. A number of ; woman
C. The number of ; women D. The number of ; woman
17.Mike and his friend are going to the ______ to see the new action movie tonight.
A. book shop B. restaurant C. concert D. cinema
18. ---Shall we go shopping now
---Sorry. It’s not the right ________. I’m too tired.
A. way B. weather C. place D. moment
19. ---I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock.
---That’s OK. There’s __________ .
A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
20.---What makes you so upset
---I wanted to explain why I was late, but Mr. White didn’t give me a(n) ______.
A. way B. chance C. idea D. excuse
KEYS:CDDDB
21. We need to come up with a/an ______ and make a decision at once.
A. information B. advice C. idea D. news
22 Look at the flowers! They are in different _______: red, yellow, pink…
A. colors B. sizes C. prices D. names
23.–I’d like __________ grapes and pears.
–Oh, I only need _________ orange juice.
A. some; a few B. a few; some
C. a little; few D. a little; a few
24.— What would you like to drink
—__________, please.
A. Rice B. Meat C. Water D. Bread
25. ---You look very young, Mrs. Green. Could you tell me how old you are
---Oh, sorry. It’s a(n) ______ .
A. problem B. instruction C. secret D. business
KEYS:CAABC
26. We should not eat ______ meat.
A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too
27 .I don’t understand the story though there are ______ new words in it.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
28.This is not my dictionary. It’s ______ . She lent it to me this morning.
A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sister’s D. my sisters
29.A school in Anshun held an activity called “Recommend(推荐) Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a ______ of 1,0000 books!
A. note B. line C. menu D. list
30.---I feel thirsty. I want something to drink. What about you
---OK. Let’s go and buy some ________ .
A. orange B. bread C. chocolate
KEYS:CACDA
31.This is _____ desk.
A. Lily and Tom B. Lily’s and Tom’s C. Lily’s and Tom D. Lily and Tom’s
32.That big room is the_____.
A. students B. students’s C. stedent’s D. students’
33Della is _____.
A. a friend of my B. a friend of me C. a friend of mine D. friend of my friend.
34.It’s not hers, it’s_____.
A.by myself B. of myself C. of my own D. of my own’s
KEYS:DDCC