首字母填空
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 词汇量与灵活运用
-高频词汇变形：
-动词时态（如“write→wrote”）、名词单复数（“wolf→wolves”）、形容词/副词转换（“careful→carefully”）。
-一词多义与熟词僻义：
-如“light”（光/轻的）、“spring”（春天/弹簧）、“bank”（银行/河岸）。
2. 语法与句子结构分析
-词性判断：
-根据空格前后词性确定答案（如介词后接名词或动名词）。
-时态与语态：
-需结合上下文时态标志词（如“last year”→过去时，“has built”→现在完成时）。
3. 上下文逻辑与线索捕捉
-逻辑关系词：
-转折（but/however）、因果（so/because）、递进（and/also）等连词的选择。
-代词指代：
-如“he”“it”“they”在上下文中的具体指代对象。
-隐含信息推理：
-根据上下文补充缺失内容（如“He closed the window, ______ (show) he was angry”→ showing）。
4. 文化背景与南京本土元素
-本地词汇：
-南京地标（“Confucius Temple”“Qinhuai River”）、文化活动（“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
-文化常识干扰：
-需结合中西文化差异判断词义（如“Spring Festival” vs. “Christmas”）。
5. 易错陷阱
-形近词混淆：
- “through”（穿过） vs. “thorough”（彻底的）；
- “weather”（天气） vs. “whether”（是否）。
-过度推断：
-答案必须严格基于原文，避免主观添加信息（如原文未提“cost”则不能填价格）。
二、解题步骤（五步精准法）
1. 通读全文，把握主旨与逻辑
-跳过空格，快速阅读首段和末段，明确文章主题（如环保倡议、成长故事）。
-标记逻辑信号词（如“however”“therefore”）和段落主旨句。
例：
> “Tom wanted to ______ (improve) his English, so he joined a language club.”
→ 根据因果逻辑（so）推断动词原形→ improve。
2. 分析句子结构，确定词性与语法
-拆分句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语），判断空格所需词性。
-注意固定搭配（如“make progress”无需冠词）。
例：
> “She enjoys reading books ______ (write) by J.K. Rowling.”
→ 分析句子结构→过去分词作后置定语→ written。
3. 结合上下文线索推测词义
-同义替换：原文用不同表达对应答案（如“reduce pollution”→“cut emissions”）。
-代词指代：如“they”指代前文提到的“students”。
-逻辑推理：根据因果关系或转折关系补全词汇（如“He failed the exam, ______ (although) he studied hard”→ although）。
4. 验证答案，确保逻辑与语法一致
-语法验证：主谓一致、时态统一（如过去式“taught”）。
-搭配验证：如“take part in”（参加活动）vs. “join”（加入组织）。
-语境验证：代入后句子通顺且符合逻辑。
5. 回读全文，检查整体连贯性
-通读填词后的文章，确保逻辑通顺，无矛盾或冗余。
三、预测分析
1. 高频主题预测
-环保与可持续发展：
-南京生态措施（如“湿地保护”“垃圾分类”）、全球议题（如“carbon neutrality”）。
-文化传承与创新：
-非遗技艺（如“云锦制作”）、明孝陵数字化展示、秦淮灯会创新形式。
-科技与生活：
- AI应用（如“smart library”）、新能源汽车推广、5G技术影响。
2. 核心考点预测
-动词变形：
-不规则动词（“teach→taught”“drive→drove”）、使役动词（“make→made”）。
-名词单复数：
-可数名词复数（“city→cities”“wolf→wolves”）、不可数名词（“advice”“information”）。
-形容词/副词转换：
- “easy→easily”“quick→quickly”、比较级与最高级（“good→better→best”）。
3. 南京特色结合
-本地案例：
-南京地铁建设成就、青奥会遗产利用、长江江豚保护行动。
-文化词汇：
-如“ancient town preservation”“Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge”相关表达。
4. 易错陷阱预测
-信息混淆：
- 相似数据（如“2023 vs. 2024”）或概念（“recycle” vs. “reuse”）易填错。
-固定搭配遗漏：
- “take part in”（参加活动） vs. “join”（加入组织）。
-文化常识误导：
- 南京特色词汇（如“秦淮灯会”译为“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
四、备考建议
1. 分类积累词汇：
-按词性（动词、名词、形容词）和主题（环保、文化、科技）整理词汇表，标注易混词。
2. 强化语法与句子结构训练：
-每日拆解1-2个复杂句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
3. 限时模拟与错题复盘：
-每篇首字母填空控制在8-10分钟内，总结易错点（如形近词、固定搭配）。
4. 积累本土词汇与文化常识：
-熟记南京地标、政策、文化活动相关表达（如“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
5. 策略优化：
-优先填写直接匹配项，复杂推理题结合上下文逻辑逐步突破。
五、总结
南京中考“首字母填空”题型注重词汇精准性、语法规范性、逻辑推理能力与文化敏感度。备考时需：
-夯实词汇与语法基础（变形、搭配、时态）；
-强化上下文逻辑分析（代词指代、因果推理）；
-结合本土元素与文化常识（南京景点、政策）。
通过系统训练和策略应用，考生可高效突破此题型，提升得分率！
【基础试题】
A
It looks like a clay (黏土) toy, but can be used as a whistle (哨子). This is Taiping nijiaojiao, a traditional toy from Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a h 1 of over 1,000 years.
Taipingnijiaojiao is m 2 of the mud from the local mountain. It t 3 more than 10 steps to make, including kneading (捏), making blowholes and coloring. The key step is to knead the mud w 4 your fingers. You can knead it into a 5 you like, from animals to plants. They usually carry good meanings. For example, tigers are a symbol of power and good luck. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make because the size of the blowhole (喷水孔) makes a d 6 to the sound.
About 20 years ago, Zhou Baokang, first found taipingnijiaojiao in Huashan village. A 7 a lover of folk traditional art, he showed a great interest in it. He later learned how to make them from l 8 artists. Zhou wants more people to know about the toy. So he has opened a museum to i 9 the clay toy. He also teaches kids at schools how to make the clay toy.
There are many traditional art f 10 in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taipingnijiaojiao is kept to today.
【答案】
1．(h)istory 2．(m)ade 3．(t)akes 4．(w)ith 5．(a)nything 6．(d)ifference 7．(A)s 8．(l)ocal 9．(i)ntroduce 10．(f)orms
【难度】0.85
【知识点】中华文化、传统工艺
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了来自江苏镇江的一种传统粘土玩具——太平泥叫叫。
1．句意：它有一千多年的历史了。根据“of over 1,000 years”和首字母提示可知，此句描述的是这项传统技艺的历史，history“历史”，have a history of“有……的历史”。故填(h)istory。
2．句意：太平泥叫叫是用当地山上的泥土制成的。根据“is… of the mud”和首字母提示可知，是指泥叫叫由泥土制成，be made of“由……制成”，固定短语。故填(m)ade。
3．句意：制作需要10多个步骤，包括捏、打孔和着色。根据“It… more than 10 steps to make”和首字母提示可知，It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人一段时间”，固定句型，此处指耗费十多个步骤；时态为一般现在时，it作主语，谓语动词应用三单形式，所以takes“花费，需要”符合语境。故填(t)akes。
4．句意：关键步骤是用手指揉泥。根据“knead the mud… your fingers”和首字母提示可知，此处指用手指揉泥，介词with“用”符合语境。故填(w)ith。
5．句意：你可以把它捏成任何你喜欢的东西，从动物到植物。根据“from animals to plants”和首字母提示可知，此处指任何东西，anything“任何东西”符合语境。故填(a)nything。
6．句意：气孔是最难制作的部分，因为气孔的大小会对声音产生影响。根据“because the size of the blowhole makes a… to the sound”和首字母提示可知，此处是make a difference to“对……有影响”，固定短语。故填(d)ifference。
7．句意：作为民间传统艺术的爱好者，他对此表现出极大的兴趣。根据“… a lover of folk traditional art, he showed a great interest in it.”和首字母提示可知，此处是指作为民间传统艺术的爱好者，as“作为”符合语境，位于句首首字母大写。故填(A)s。
8．句意：后来，他从当地艺术家那里学会了如何制作它们。根据“He later learned how to make them from… artists.”和首字母提示可知，此处指向当地的艺术家们学习，local“当地的”符合语境，形容词修饰名词artists。故填(l)ocal。
9．句意：因此，他开了一家博物馆来介绍粘土玩具。根据“Zhou wants more people to know about the toy. So he has opened a museum to… the clay toy.”和首字母提示可知，周希望更多人了解这个玩具，所以，开博物馆来介绍物品，introduce“介绍”符合语境，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填(i)ntroduce。
10．句意：中国有许多传统艺术形式，但其中一些已经失传。根据“There are many traditional art… in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taipingnijiaojiao is kept to today.”和首字母提示可知，太平泥叫叫属于传统艺术形式，form“形式”，符合语境，many修饰名词复数形式。故填(f)orms。
B
Denis Rancourt is a famous physics professor and a leading scientist in his field. He has published hundreds of scientific papers (论文) and dozens of books. One day, he d 1 to change the way he had been teaching for many years. Why
It all started a few years earlier. While doing research, he found that both water and land were p 2 , and animals were disappearing.
“What should I do he asked himself, “Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something to s 3 these things from happening ”
As a person who cares m 4 about the environment, he started doing things differently. He began with a science course which was open to everyone. He i 5 speakers to give talks on topics such as environmental policy, poverty, medical care, war, globalization, trade. He encouraged students to think,d 6 , and take action to make the world a better place.
Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches, i 7 two l2-year-old twins .
He became a controversial (有争议的) figure on campus. Some people admired him for his bravery, sense of society and for his exciting teaching m 8 . Others argued that he was damaging the reputation (名誉) of the university.
In an interview, he was asked w 9 he did all of this at the risk of his own career. “As educators, we should make people realize problems. What matters most is to stop the bad things from happening, w 10 they are China or in foreign countries.”
Denis is now considered a mad professor.
【答案】
1．(d)ecided 2．(p)olluted 13．(s)top 4．(m)ore 5．(i)nvited 6．(d)iscuss 7．(i)ncluding 8．(m)ethods 9．(w)hy 10．(w)hether
【难度】0.85
【知识点】公共服务、其他著名人物
【导语】本文讲述了一位著名的物理学家Denis Rancourt，几年前他做研究时发现水和土地都被污染了，动物正在消失，于是他致力于环境保护。
1．句意：一天，他决定改变他多年来的教学方式。dicided to do sth.“决定做某事”，动作发生在过去，用decided。故填(d)ecided。
2．句意：在做研究时，他发现水和土地都被污染了，动物正在消失。根据“and animals were disappearing”所以这里是被污染，被动语态结构为：be+done，应填入动词的过去分词polluted。故填(p)olluted。
3．句意：我是应该继续专注于自己的教学和研究，还是应该做些什么来阻止这些事情的发生？根据“Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something”可知此处表达继续研究还是来阻止这些事情发生，stop from doing“阻止做某事”。故填(s)top。
4．句意：作为一个非常关心环境的人，丹尼斯决定开设一门对每个人都开放的科学课程。care about“关心”，根据“care…about”和首字母提示可知此处表达非常关心。故填(m)ore。
5．句意：他邀请演讲者就环境政策、贫困、医疗、战争、全球化、贸易等问题发表演讲。根据“give talks”可知此处表示演讲者发表演讲，根据首字母可知表达“他邀请演讲者”，全文时态为一般过去时，此处时态也应是一般过去时，invite的过去式为invited。故填(i)nvited。
6．句意：他鼓励学生们去思考，去讨论，并采取行动让世界变得更美好。这里结合首字母d可知，应填入与上下文think及take action一致的词，discuss“讨论”符合语境。故填(d)iscuss。
7．句意：曾经报告厅里超过120个人来听这些演讲，其中包括两个12岁的双胞胎。根据“Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches.”以及“two l2-year-old twins”并结合首字母i可知，include“包括”符合语境，改为动名词形式作状语。故填(i)ncluding。
8．句意：有些人钦佩他的勇敢、社会意识和令人兴奋的教学方法。teaching methods“教学方法”。故填(m)ethods。
9．句意：在一次采访中，一些记者问他为什么要冒着自己职业生涯的风险做这些事情。根据“he was asked”和“As educators, we should make people realize problems”可知此处问他冒险做这些事情的原因。故填(w)hy。
10．句意：最重要的是阻止不好的事情发生，无论它们是在中国还是在外国。根据“they are China or in foreign countries”可知此处表达是否在中国还是在外国，whether“是否”，故填(w)hether。
【提升试题】
A
Perhaps you wouldn’t want to live over 100, but certainly you would live a l 1 and healthy life. We all want to know the trick for extending our lives, and physicians and researchers have written t 2 of pages on that topic. Most of them write about the ways of taking care of our body. Cut your Cholesterol (胆固醇)，lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and watch out blood pressure. While these are important, there is more to consider. Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re d 3 or happy.
We would all agree that these f 4 count (重要) in quality of life. The fact is that they count in length of life, too. The truth is that being well does not simply mean being in great physical shape. Overall good health is composed of five unique circles of wellness: the physical, the mental, the family and the social, the spiritual, and the material. The five circles of wellness interlock and interact. Most of us have e 5 the way the circles affect one another. Perhaps mental stress caused a h 6 , which hurt so much that you stayed home from a party, which meant you spent Saturday night alone, which made you s 7 depressed that you ate a quarter of ice cream. Or perhaps the circles of wellness interacted in a positive way: A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep b 8 , and made you more pleasant to be around, and so on.
In order to live a life that is not only long, but happy, satisfying and fulfilling—what I call a “sweet” life—you must have good health in all five circles. Knowing which a 9 need the most improvement and which are already healthy is the k 10 to increasing your life span.
【答案】
1．(l)ong 2．(t)housands 3．(d)epressed 4．(f)actors 5．(e)xperienced 6．(h)eadache 7．(s)o 8．(b)etter 9．(a)reas 10．(k)ey
【难度】0.65
【知识点】方法/策略、哲理感悟、健康与运动
【导语】本文探讨了健康长寿的五个维度（生理、心理、家庭社交、精神、物质），强调它们相互影响。除了控制胆固醇、锻炼等生理因素，工作满意度、人际关系和情绪状态同样关键。通过平衡这五个健康维度，才能实现既长寿又幸福的"甜蜜人生"。
1．句意：或许你不想活过100岁，但你肯定希望活得长久而健康。根据“Perhaps you wouldn’t want to live over 100, but certainly you would live a...and healthy life.”及首字母“l”提示可知，此处需与“healthy”并列的形容词，描述寿命长度。“long”意为“长久的”，符合语境。故填(l)ong。
2．句意：我们都想知道延长寿命的秘诀，医生和研究者已就此写了大量的页面。根据“We all want to know the trick for extending out lives, and physicians and researchers have written...of pages on that topic.”及首字母“t”提示可知，此处需表示“大量”的量词。“thousands of”为固定搭配，意为“大量的”，故填(t)housands。
3．句意：同样重要的是你有多喜欢你的工作，你是否与你的父母和孩子有良好的关系，关键还在于你是否抑郁或快乐。根据“Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re...or happy.”及首字母“d”提示可知，此处需与“happy”反义的形容词。“depressed”意为“抑郁的”，符合语境。故填(d)epressed。
4．句意：我们都同意这些因素影响生活质量。根据“We would all agree that these...count in quality of life.”及首字母“f”提示可知，此处说的是这些“因素”对生活质量很重要，“factor”意为“因素”，这里用复数形式 “factors”。故填(f)actors。
5．句意：我们大多数人都经历过这些健康领域相互影响的方式。根据“Most of us have...the way the circles affect one another.”及首字母“e”提示可知，这里表示我们大多数人都“经历过”这些方面相互影响的方式，此处是现在完成时态，“experience”意为“经历”，其过去分词为“experienced”意为“经历过”，符合语境。故填(e)xperienced。
6．句意：或许精神压力导致了头痛，疼痛难忍让你无法参加聚会。根据“Perhaps mental sress caused a...which hurt so much that you stayed home from a party”及首字母“h”提示可知，精神压力可能导致“头痛”，此处是表示身体不适的名词。“headache”意为“头痛”符合语境，故填(h)eadache。
7．句意：这让你如此沮丧以至于吃了一整盒冰淇淋。根据“which made you...depressed that you ate a quarter of ice”及首字母“s”提示可知，本句是“so...that...”结构，这里表示“如此…… 以至于……”，此处需副词修饰“depressed”。“so”表示程度，意为“如此”。故填(s)o。
8．句意：在海滩上平静的散步可以让你的心灵平静下来，让你的身体放松，给你做体育锻炼，帮助你睡得更好。根据“A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep...”及首字母“b”提示可知，这里表示在海滩上散步帮助你睡得“更好”，此处需副词比较级修饰“sleep”。“better”是“well”的比较级，意为“更好地”，符合语境。故填(b)etter。
9．句意：知道哪些领域最需改进。根据“Knowing which...need the most improvement”及首字母“a”提示可知，这里指知道哪些方面需要最大程度的改进，“area”意为“方面、领域”，这里用复数形式“areas”指代前文“five circles of wellness”中的领域。故填(a)reas。
10．句意：你已经很健康是延长寿命的关键。根据“which are already healthy is the...to increasing your life span.”及首字母“k”提示可知，这里表示是延长寿命的“关键”，固定搭配“the key to”意为“……的关键”。“key”意为“关键”符合语境。故填(k)ey。
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。
China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 1 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 2 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 3 the problem of an aging society.
The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 4 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 5 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 6 to support the development of skills and talents in China.
Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 7 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 8 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 9 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 10 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society.
【答案】
1．(d)ecided 2．(w)hile 3．(s)olve 4．(e)arlier 5．(p)ersonal 6．(a)lso 7．(i)ncluding 8．(m)ethods 9．(f)inding 10．(i)mportance
【难度】0.65
【知识点】政治/政策、社会发展
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国政府决定延迟退休年龄这一新闻事件。
1．句意：最近，政府决定从2025年开始，在未来15年内逐步提高官方退休年龄。根据“...the government has...to gradually raise its official retirement age...”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是政府决定提高官方退休年龄。decide“决定”，动词。再结合本句“has”可知，此句时态为现在完成时，用decide的过去分词形式decided。故填(d)ecided。
2．句意：男性的退休年龄将从60岁提高到63岁，而女性的退休年龄将从55岁提高到58岁。根据“The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63,...for women, it will rise between 5 and 58.”及首字母提示可知，空处前后分别为男性和女性退休年龄的两种不同变化，因此此处用while表示前后两种情况的对比，表示“然而”。故填(w)hile。
3．句意：这种变化是解决老龄化社会问题的一种方式。根据“This change is a way to...the problem of an aging society.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指解决老龄化问题的一种方法。solve“解决”，此处放在动词不定式to后面，用动词原形。故填(s)olve。
4．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“... three years...or later than the new retirement age”及首字母提示可知，此处是指比新的退休年龄早或晚三年。early“早的”；根据“later than”可知，此处也是比较级，early的比较级形式为earlier。故填(e)arlier。
5．句意：例如，人们可以比新的退休年龄提前或推迟三年退休，这取决于他们的个人情况。根据“...which depends on their...situations”及首字母提示可知，此处是指取决于个人情况。personal“个人的”，作定语。故填(p)ersonal。
6．句意：改革的目标不仅是提高工人的可用性，也是为了支持中国技能和人才的发展。根据“The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to...but...to”及首字母提示，可知此处是固定短语“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”。故填(a)lso。
7．句意：即使有这些变化，改革也面临挑战，包括担心它对年轻人就业的影响。根据“... worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业).”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“包括”，including表示“包括”。故填(i)ncluding。
8．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据前文“This change is a way to...”可推知，此处是指还需要更多的方法来帮助解决就业问题；再结合首字母m，可知此处用method，表示“方法”；再根据本句中“are”，可知此处用method的复数形式。故填(m)ethods。
9．句意：还需要更多的方法来帮助那些可能难以找到新工作的老年工人。根据“...to help older workers who may have trouble...new jobs.”及首字母提示，可知，此处是指帮助那些找新工作有困难的年龄更大些的工人。find表示“找到”；再根据have trouble doing sth意为“做某事有困难”，因此find需用其动名词形式，即finding。故填(f)inding。
10．句意：该计划还指出了改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。根据“...points out the...of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services...”及首字母提示可知，此处是指改善养老金制度和老年人护理服务以满足老龄化社会需求的重要性。importance表示“重要性”。故填(i)mportance。
【拔高试题】
A
请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，注意：每个空格只填一个单词
Ink sticks (墨) are a type of solid ink used as pigment (颜料) in traditional Chinese calligraphy and brush painting. The invention of ink sticks is c 1 connected to the unique writing habits in traditional China. Together with the ink brush, ink stone and Xuan paper, these four writing things f 2 the “Four Treasures of the Study”.
The “Hui ink stick” is the most famous ink stick in China. It was invented by master ink maker Xi Chao during the Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975). Emperor Li Yu of the Southern Tang greatly treasured the ink sticks Xi Chao made, and gave him the imperial surname “Li” as a reward. As a result, the ink sticks made by the Li family in Huzhou became popular a 3 the country, with the saying, “It’s easy to get a p 4 of gold, but difficult to get a Li ink stick.” After that, group after group of ink makers travelled to Huizhou to study the special skills b 5 the Li ink stick, making the Huizhou the center of ink making in China.
In a 6 times, people would say “Good ink sticks are to scholars what good horse are to generals.” It takes at least a year to make just one Hui ink stick. Therefore, there is the saying, “Hui ink stick is as e 7 as gold”. The Hini ink stick’s production is not easy and needs lots of workers to finish.
Though it is light, the Hui ink stick contains incredible (非凡的) craftsmanship (手艺). It is m 8 with painting, calligraphy, engraving (雕刻), and sculpture all in one. It is not only an excellent writing m 9 , it is also the great artwork collected by well-educated people throughout the ages. Passed down from generation to generation for over thousands of years, the Hui ink stick, with its p 10 smell, will remain attractive as ever.
【答案】
1．(c)losely 2．(f)orm 3．(a)cross 4．(p)iece 5．(b)ehind 6．(a)ncient 7．(e)xpensive 8．(m)ixed 9．(m)aterial 10．(p)leasant
【难度】0.4
【知识点】发明与创造、中华文化
【导语】本文介绍了中国传统文房四宝之一的徽墨的历史、制作工艺及其重要性。
1．句意：墨的发明与中国传统的书写习惯密切相关。根据“...connected to the unique writing habits in traditional China”以及首字母提示可知，空处应填副词修饰动词connected，closely“密切地”符合语境。故填(c)losely。
2．句意：与毛笔、砚台和宣纸一起，这四种书写工具构成了“文房四宝”。根据“Together with the ink brush, ink stone and Xuan paper, these four writing things...”以及首字母提示可知，应是四种书写工具构成了“文房四宝”，form“构成”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数名词，所以空处用动词原形。故填(f)orm。
3．句意：因此，湖州李家制作的墨棒风靡全国。根据“became popular....the country”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“在全国范围内流行”，across the country“遍布全国；在整个国家范围内”。故填(a)cross。
4． 句意：有句谚语说：“得金易，得李墨难。”根据“It’s easy to get a…of gold,”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“一块金子”，piece“一块”。故填(p)iece。
5．句意：一批又一批的制墨工匠前往徽州学习李墨背后的特殊技艺。根据“to study the special skills…the Li ink stick”以及首字母提示可知，应是李墨背后的技艺，behind“在……背后”符合语境。故填(b)ehind。
6．句意：在古代，人们会说“好墨之于学者，犹如好马之于将军”。根据“In a... times”以及首字母提示可知，此处指“古代”，需填形容词ancient，表示“古代的”。故填(a)ncient。
7．句意：因此，有句谚语说：“徽墨如金贵”。根据“is as…as gold”以及首字母提示可知，此处指徽墨如金子贵重，形容词expensive“昂贵的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(e)xpensive。
8．句意：徽墨集绘画、书法、雕刻和雕塑于一体。根据“...with painting, calligraphy, engraving (雕刻), and sculpture all in one”以及首字母提示可知，应是徽墨将这四种艺术集合在一起，mix“混合”，be mixed with“和……混合”。故填(m)ixed。
9．句意：它不仅是优秀的书写材料，也是古往今来受过良好教育的人所收藏的伟大艺术品。根据“...an excellent writing…”以及首字母提示可知，徽墨是一种书写材料，material“材料”，a后跟单数名词。故填(m)aterial。
10．句意：传承了几千年的徽墨，以其怡人的香气，将一如既往地吸引人。根据“with its…smell, will remain attractive as ever.l”以及首字母提示可知，吸引人的应是“怡人的”香气，pleasant“怡人的”符合语境，在句中作定语。故填(p)leasant。
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。
The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a classic science fiction adventure novel by French writer Jules Verne. Verne was a son of a lawyer. However, he decided to be a writer i 1 of a lawyer. He liked sailing and the sea. He also liked travelling around the world. He and his wife s 2 much time sailing on his ship. They sailed to many places and had adventures. Later, all of these were w 3 into his books. The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is about Captain Nemo and his submarine (潜艇)—a kind of vessel that travels under w 4 . His submarine is called Nautilus. Submarines are common today, but Verne wrote about this submarine many years b 5 they appeared! Some of Verne’s ideas came true in history.
The story starts in New York City and takes the readers to many d 6 places. Verne describes some real places like the Mediterranean Sea, the South Pole and the Antarctic. But the story a 7 talks about visits to some fictional locations like Atlantis, an underwater city. Many people think the title Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea means h 8 deep the submarine travels under the water. However, the submarine never travels over a few leagues below the water. In fact, the title refers to the distance which Captain Nemo and his submarine travel during the course of the book. The book is f 9 of mysteries and magic things under water. It has been t 10 into many different languages and sells well.
Why not read the novel during the coming winter holiday
【答案】
1．(i)nstead 2．(s)pent 3．(w)ritten 4．(w)ater 5．(b)efore 6．(d)ifferent 7．(a)lso 8．(h)ow 9．(f)ull 10．(t)ranslated
【难度】0.4
【知识点】文学名著
【导语】本文介绍了经典科幻小说《海底两万里》。
1．句意：然而，他决定成为一名作家而不是律师。根据“However, he decided to be a writer...of a lawyer”可知他想成为作家，而不是律师，instead of“而不是”。故填(i)nstead。
2．句意：他和妻子花了很多时间乘船航行。根据“much time sailing on his ship”可知此处是spend time doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(s)pent。
3．句意：后来，所有这些都被写进他的书里。根据“into his books”可知是被写进了他的书里，write“写”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(w)ritten。
4．句意：《海底两万里》讲述了尼莫船长和他的潜艇——一种能在水下航行的船只。根据“his submarine”可知潜艇在水下，water“水”。故填(w)ater。
5．句意：潜艇在今天很常见，但凡尔纳在它们出现之前很多年就写过！根据“many years...they appeared”可知是在潜艇出现之前，他在书中就写过，before“在……之前”。故填(b)efore。
6．句意：故事从纽约市开始，把读者带到很多不同的地方。根据“many...places”可知是带到很多不同地方，different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
7．句意：但这个故事还写了一些虚构的地方。根据“the story...talks about visits to some fictional locations”可知这个故事也写了一些虚构的地方，句中用also“也”。故填(a)lso。
8．句意：许多人认为标题《海底两万里》的意思是潜艇在水下航行多深。根据“deep the submarine travels under the water”可知句子是宾语从句，此处修饰deep用how。故填(h)ow。
9．句意：这本书里充满了水下的神秘和魔幻的事物。根据“of mysteries and magic things under water.”可知这本书充满了水下的神秘和魔幻的事物，be full of“充满”。故填(f)ull。
10．句意：它被翻译成许多不同的语言并且畅销。根据“into many different languages”可知是被翻译成不同的语言，translate“翻译”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(t)ranslated。首字母填空
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 词汇量与灵活运用
-高频词汇变形：
-动词时态（如“write→wrote”）、名词单复数（“wolf→wolves”）、形容词/副词转换（“careful→carefully”）。
-一词多义与熟词僻义：
-如“light”（光/轻的）、“spring”（春天/弹簧）、“bank”（银行/河岸）。
2. 语法与句子结构分析
-词性判断：
-根据空格前后词性确定答案（如介词后接名词或动名词）。
-时态与语态：
-需结合上下文时态标志词（如“last year”→过去时，“has built”→现在完成时）。
3. 上下文逻辑与线索捕捉
-逻辑关系词：
-转折（but/however）、因果（so/because）、递进（and/also）等连词的选择。
-代词指代：
-如“he”“it”“they”在上下文中的具体指代对象。
-隐含信息推理：
-根据上下文补充缺失内容（如“He closed the window, ______ (show) he was angry”→ showing）。
4. 文化背景与南京本土元素
-本地词汇：
-南京地标（“Confucius Temple”“Qinhuai River”）、文化活动（“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
-文化常识干扰：
-需结合中西文化差异判断词义（如“Spring Festival” vs. “Christmas”）。
5. 易错陷阱
-形近词混淆：
- “through”（穿过） vs. “thorough”（彻底的）；
- “weather”（天气） vs. “whether”（是否）。
-过度推断：
-答案必须严格基于原文，避免主观添加信息（如原文未提“cost”则不能填价格）。
二、解题步骤（五步精准法）
1. 通读全文，把握主旨与逻辑
-跳过空格，快速阅读首段和末段，明确文章主题（如环保倡议、成长故事）。
-标记逻辑信号词（如“however”“therefore”）和段落主旨句。
例：
> “Tom wanted to ______ (improve) his English, so he joined a language club.”
→ 根据因果逻辑（so）推断动词原形→ improve。
2. 分析句子结构，确定词性与语法
-拆分句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、状语），判断空格所需词性。
-注意固定搭配（如“make progress”无需冠词）。
例：
> “She enjoys reading books ______ (write) by J.K. Rowling.”
→ 分析句子结构→过去分词作后置定语→ written。
3. 结合上下文线索推测词义
-同义替换：原文用不同表达对应答案（如“reduce pollution”→“cut emissions”）。
-代词指代：如“they”指代前文提到的“students”。
-逻辑推理：根据因果关系或转折关系补全词汇（如“He failed the exam, ______ (although) he studied hard”→ although）。
4. 验证答案，确保逻辑与语法一致
-语法验证：主谓一致、时态统一（如过去式“taught”）。
-搭配验证：如“take part in”（参加活动）vs. “join”（加入组织）。
-语境验证：代入后句子通顺且符合逻辑。
5. 回读全文，检查整体连贯性
-通读填词后的文章，确保逻辑通顺，无矛盾或冗余。
三、预测分析
1. 高频主题预测
-环保与可持续发展：
-南京生态措施（如“湿地保护”“垃圾分类”）、全球议题（如“carbon neutrality”）。
-文化传承与创新：
-非遗技艺（如“云锦制作”）、明孝陵数字化展示、秦淮灯会创新形式。
-科技与生活：
- AI应用（如“smart library”）、新能源汽车推广、5G技术影响。
2. 核心考点预测
-动词变形：
-不规则动词（“teach→taught”“drive→drove”）、使役动词（“make→made”）。
-名词单复数：
-可数名词复数（“city→cities”“wolf→wolves”）、不可数名词（“advice”“information”）。
-形容词/副词转换：
- “easy→easily”“quick→quickly”、比较级与最高级（“good→better→best”）。
3. 南京特色结合
-本地案例：
-南京地铁建设成就、青奥会遗产利用、长江江豚保护行动。
-文化词汇：
-如“ancient town preservation”“Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge”相关表达。
4. 易错陷阱预测
-信息混淆：
- 相似数据（如“2023 vs. 2024”）或概念（“recycle” vs. “reuse”）易填错。
-固定搭配遗漏：
- “take part in”（参加活动） vs. “join”（加入组织）。
-文化常识误导：
- 南京特色词汇（如“秦淮灯会”译为“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
四、备考建议
1. 分类积累词汇：
-按词性（动词、名词、形容词）和主题（环保、文化、科技）整理词汇表，标注易混词。
2. 强化语法与句子结构训练：
-每日拆解1-2个复杂句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
3. 限时模拟与错题复盘：
-每篇首字母填空控制在8-10分钟内，总结易错点（如形近词、固定搭配）。
4. 积累本土词汇与文化常识：
-熟记南京地标、政策、文化活动相关表达（如“Qinhuai Lantern Festival”）。
5. 策略优化：
-优先填写直接匹配项，复杂推理题结合上下文逻辑逐步突破。
五、总结
南京中考“首字母填空”题型注重词汇精准性、语法规范性、逻辑推理能力与文化敏感度。备考时需：
-夯实词汇与语法基础（变形、搭配、时态）；
-强化上下文逻辑分析（代词指代、因果推理）；
-结合本土元素与文化常识（南京景点、政策）。
通过系统训练和策略应用，考生可高效突破此题型，提升得分率！
【基础试题】
A
It looks like a clay (黏土) toy, but can be used as a whistle (哨子). This is Taiping nijiaojiao, a traditional toy from Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. It has a h 1 of over 1,000 years.
Taipingnijiaojiao is m 2 of the mud from the local mountain. It t 3 more than 10 steps to make, including kneading (捏), making blowholes and coloring. The key step is to knead the mud w 4 your fingers. You can knead it into a 5 you like, from animals to plants. They usually carry good meanings. For example, tigers are a symbol of power and good luck. The blowhole is the most difficult part to make because the size of the blowhole (喷水孔) makes a d 6 to the sound.
About 20 years ago, Zhou Baokang, first found taipingnijiaojiao in Huashan village. A 7 a lover of folk traditional art, he showed a great interest in it. He later learned how to make them from l 8 artists. Zhou wants more people to know about the toy. So he has opened a museum to i 9 the clay toy. He also teaches kids at schools how to make the clay toy.
There are many traditional art f 10 in China, but some of them have been lost. Luckily, the traditional clay toy taipingnijiaojiao is kept to today.
B
Denis Rancourt is a famous physics professor and a leading scientist in his field. He has published hundreds of scientific papers (论文) and dozens of books. One day, he d 1 to change the way he had been teaching for many years. Why
It all started a few years earlier. While doing research, he found that both water and land were p 2 , and animals were disappearing.
“What should I do he asked himself, “Should I continue to focus on my own teaching and research, or should I do something to s 3 these things from happening ”
As a person who cares m 4 about the environment, he started doing things differently. He began with a science course which was open to everyone. He i 5 speakers to give talks on topics such as environmental policy, poverty, medical care, war, globalization, trade. He encouraged students to think,d 6 , and take action to make the world a better place.
Once, a hall was filled with more than 120 people to listen to these speeches, i 7 two l2-year-old twins .
He became a controversial (有争议的) figure on campus. Some people admired him for his bravery, sense of society and for his exciting teaching m 8 . Others argued that he was damaging the reputation (名誉) of the university.
In an interview, he was asked w 9 he did all of this at the risk of his own career. “As educators, we should make people realize problems. What matters most is to stop the bad things from happening, w 10 they are China or in foreign countries.”
Denis is now considered a mad professor.
【提升试题】
A
Perhaps you wouldn’t want to live over 100, but certainly you would live a l 1 and healthy life. We all want to know the trick for extending our lives, and physicians and researchers have written t 2 of pages on that topic. Most of them write about the ways of taking care of our body. Cut your Cholesterol (胆固醇)，lose weight, exercise, stop smoking, and watch out blood pressure. While these are important, there is more to consider. Just as critical are how much you like your job, whether you have a good relationship with your parents and children, whether you’re d 3 or happy.
We would all agree that these f 4 count (重要) in quality of life. The fact is that they count in length of life, too. The truth is that being well does not simply mean being in great physical shape. Overall good health is composed of five unique circles of wellness: the physical, the mental, the family and the social, the spiritual, and the material. The five circles of wellness interlock and interact. Most of us have e 5 the way the circles affect one another. Perhaps mental stress caused a h 6 , which hurt so much that you stayed home from a party, which meant you spent Saturday night alone, which made you s 7 depressed that you ate a quarter of ice cream. Or perhaps the circles of wellness interacted in a positive way: A peaceful walk on the beach calmed your mind, relaxed your body, gave you physical exercise, helped you sleep b 8 , and made you more pleasant to be around, and so on.
In order to live a life that is not only long, but happy, satisfying and fulfilling—what I call a “sweet” life—you must have good health in all five circles. Knowing which a 9 need the most improvement and which are already healthy is the k 10 to increasing your life span.
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。
China’s retirement (退休) age, set in the 1950s, should have been raised long time ago because of many reasons. Recently, the government has d 1 to gradually raise its official retirement age over the next 15 years, starting in 2025. The retirement age for men will increase from 60 to 63, w 2 for women, it will rise between 55 and 58. This change is a way to s 3 the problem of an aging society.
The plan allows people to choose when to retire within certain limits. For example, people can retire up to three years e 4 or later than the new retirement age, which depends on their p 5 situations. The goal of the reform (改革) is not only to improve the availability (可用性) of workers but a 6 to support the development of skills and talents in China.
Even with these changes, the reform faces challenges, i 7 worrying about its influence on youth employments (就业). And more m 8 are needed to help older workers who may have trouble f 9 new jobs. The plan also points out the i 10 of improving the pension (养老金) system and elder care services (服务) to meet the needs of an aging society.
【拔高试题】
A
请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，注意：每个空格只填一个单词
Ink sticks (墨) are a type of solid ink used as pigment (颜料) in traditional Chinese calligraphy and brush painting. The invention of ink sticks is c 1 connected to the unique writing habits in traditional China. Together with the ink brush, ink stone and Xuan paper, these four writing things f 2 the “Four Treasures of the Study”.
The “Hui ink stick” is the most famous ink stick in China. It was invented by master ink maker Xi Chao during the Southern Tang Dynasty (937-975). Emperor Li Yu of the Southern Tang greatly treasured the ink sticks Xi Chao made, and gave him the imperial surname “Li” as a reward. As a result, the ink sticks made by the Li family in Huzhou became popular a 3 the country, with the saying, “It’s easy to get a p 4 of gold, but difficult to get a Li ink stick.” After that, group after group of ink makers travelled to Huizhou to study the special skills b 5 the Li ink stick, making the Huizhou the center of ink making in China.
In a 6 times, people would say “Good ink sticks are to scholars what good horse are to generals.” It takes at least a year to make just one Hui ink stick. Therefore, there is the saying, “Hui ink stick is as e 7 as gold”. The Hini ink stick’s production is not easy and needs lots of workers to finish.
Though it is light, the Hui ink stick contains incredible (非凡的) craftsmanship (手艺). It is m 8 with painting, calligraphy, engraving (雕刻), and sculpture all in one. It is not only an excellent writing m 9 , it is also the great artwork collected by well-educated people throughout the ages. Passed down from generation to generation for over thousands of years, the Hui ink stick, with its p 10 smell, will remain attractive as ever.
B
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限一词。
The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a classic science fiction adventure novel by French writer Jules Verne. Verne was a son of a lawyer. However, he decided to be a writer i 1 of a lawyer. He liked sailing and the sea. He also liked travelling around the world. He and his wife s 2 much time sailing on his ship. They sailed to many places and had adventures. Later, all of these were w 3 into his books. The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is about Captain Nemo and his submarine (潜艇)—a kind of vessel that travels under w 4 . His submarine is called Nautilus. Submarines are common today, but Verne wrote about this submarine many years b 5 they appeared! Some of Verne’s ideas came true in history.
The story starts in New York City and takes the readers to many d 6 places. Verne describes some real places like the Mediterranean Sea, the South Pole and the Antarctic. But the story a 7 talks about visits to some fictional locations like Atlantis, an underwater city. Many people think the title Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea means h 8 deep the submarine travels under the water. However, the submarine never travels over a few leagues below the water. In fact, the title refers to the distance which Captain Nemo and his submarine travel during the course of the book. The book is f 9 of mysteries and magic things under water. It has been t 10 into many different languages and sells well.
Why not read the novel during the coming winter holiday
