阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 文本结构与逻辑理解
- 复杂段落结构：
- 说明文常采用“总-分-总”结构或并列/递进逻辑（如因果、对比、分类），需快速识别段落主旨与支撑细节。
- 干扰项多利用“部分正确信息”或“颠倒逻辑关系”设置陷阱（如混淆因果顺序）。
- 隐含逻辑词：
- 如“however”表转折，“for instance”表举例，“therefore”表结论，需结合上下文判断逻辑方向。
2. 专业术语与长难句解析
- 学科词汇：
- 科技类（如“renewable energy”“artificial intelligence”）、环境类（如“carbon emission”“ecosystem”）。
- **长难句拆分**：
- 嵌套定语从句、状语从句或分词结构（如“Technologies that reduce pollution, which are becoming popular in Nanjing, may help improve air quality”）。
3. 细节定位与推理判断
- 数据与事实提取：
- 数字、百分比、时间节点易混淆（如“30% decrease” vs. “30% increase”）。
- 抽象概念理解：
- 如“sustainability”“biodiversity”等需结合上下文具体化。
- 作者意图推断：
- 判断说明目的（解释现象/提出解决方案/对比优劣）。
4. 南京本土元素结合
- 本地案例：
- 南京环保措施（如“长江大保护”政策）、科技发展（如紫金山实验室）、文化遗产保护（明孝陵数字化展示）。
- 文化词汇：
- 如“Confucian culture”“ancient water towns”相关表达。
二、解题步骤（四步精准法）
1.通读全文，把握结构与主题
- 快速浏览首尾段及小标题，明确说明对象（如“Nanjing’s air pollution solutions”）。
- 标记段落主旨句（通常为首句或转折后内容）。
例： > “Nanjing has introduced new policies to reduce traffic jams. First, the government encourages public transport... However, some citizens still prefer driving.”
→ 结构为“总-分-总”，主题是“交通政策及其影响”。
2. 定位细节，匹配题干关键词
- 题干关键词：人名、地名、数字、专有名词（如“Yangtze River”“Confucius Temple”）。
- 文本定位技巧：
- 数据类：锁定段落中的数字或百分比；
- 概念类：寻找同义替换词（如“renewable energy”对应“solar/wind power”）。
3. 逻辑推理，排除干扰选项
- 因果推理：
- 题干问“Why does Nanjing build more subways ” → 原文答案可能为“to reduce traffic jams and pollution”。
- 推理判断题：
- 选项出现“may/could”多为合理推断，绝对化词汇（must/never）需警惕。
- 偷换概念：
- 原文说“reduce carbon emission by 20%”，选项改为“eliminate all pollution”→ 错误。
4. 回读验证，确保逻辑一致
- 代入答案后检查是否符合段落逻辑（如“however”前后是否矛盾）。
- 关注代词指代（如“this method”指代前文提到的“recycling”）。
三、预测分析
1. 高频主题预测
- 科技与社会：
- 人工智能应用（如“smart city”建设）、5G技术影响。
- 环境保护：
- 南京生态保护案例（如长江禁渔政策、湿地恢复）。
- 文化传承：
- 非遗文化介绍（如云锦、金陵刻经）、明孝陵申遗成功意义。
2. 核心考点预测
- 细节理解：
- 数据对比（如“2025 vs. 2030 tourism growth rate”）、专有名词对应（如“Qinhuai River Festival”举办时间）。
- 推理判断：
- 作者态度（支持/中立/反对），如“Some argue that... but studies show...”→作者倾向后者。
- 主旨大意：
- 标题选择（如“The Future of Nanjing’s Ancient Culture”）。
- 词义猜测：
- 结合上下文猜词（如“degradation”在环保语境中意为“退化”）。
3. 南京特色结合
- 本土案例：
- 南京地铁建设成就、青奥会遗产利用、秦淮灯会数字化创新。
- 文化词汇：
- 如“Confucian ethics”“ancient town preservation”相关表达。
4. 易错陷阱预测
- 数据干扰：
- 原文“60% of students prefer online learning”，选项改为“most students dislike it”→ 错误。
- 抽象概念混淆：
- “sustainable development”需结合“经济、环境、社会”三要素理解。
四、备考建议
1. 强化逻辑思维训练：
- 分析说明文结构（如因果链、分类对比），用思维导图梳理段落关系。
2. 积累学科词汇：
- 按主题整理词汇（环保、科技、文化），熟记高频术语及同义替换。
3. 长难句精析：
- 每日拆解1-2个长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
4. 限时模拟与错题复盘：
- 每篇说明文控制在7-8分钟内，总结错误类型（细节遗漏、逻辑误判）。
5. 关注南京本土素材：
- 阅读南京英文官网或英文报道，熟悉本地案例与政策表述。
五、总结
南京中考说明文阅读注重“逻辑分析、细节定位与本土元素结合”。备考时需：
- 掌握结构化阅读法（总-分-总，逻辑词定位）；
- 强化长难句与术语积累；
- 关注南京特色话题**（环保、科技、文化遗产）。
通过针对性训练和策略应用，考生可高效突破说明文阅读，提升得分率！
【基础试题】
A
Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you to where you want to go without needing any directions. When it drops you off, it drives itself back home, so you don’t have to worry about parking. This is what self-driving cars can do.
A self-driving car is a car that can sense its surroundings (周围环境) and drive without human help. Depending on how advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels of human help. At the highest levels, a person might not need to control the car at all. But at lower levels, a person might still need to step in sometimes. However, making self-driving cars isn’t simple. According to Wired, it’s a whole system with different parts that need care. Things like road networks influence it.
Although making self-driving cars takes a lot of time and money, the benefits are worth it. For example, these cars could avoid road accidents. US government data shows that 94 percent of car accidents happen because of drivers’ mistakes. Self-driving cars can also give more freedom to disabled people. Besides, these cars produce less pollution by cutting down on traffic jams and not running when they’re not needed.
Many big companies such as Baidu and Tesla are making self-driving cars. Goldman Sachs, a leading global bank, said self-driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.
1．What does the need for human help depend on in a self-driving car
A．The speed of the car. B．The road network system.
C．How advanced the car is. D．The surroundings when driving.
2．What is introduced about self-driving cars in paragraph 3
A．Why the traffic accidents happen in the US.
B．The development of self-driving technology.
C．How self-driving cars help disabled people drive.
D．Their advantages compared with traditional cars.
3．What does Goldman Sachs think of the future of self-driving cars
A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Risky.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】交通方式、发明与创造、科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了自动驾驶汽车的相关情况，包括自动驾驶汽车的功能、实现难度，以及其带来的诸多益处，还提及了一些大公司在自动驾驶汽车领域的发展情况。
1．细节理解题。根据“Depending on how advanced the car is, it might need different levels of human help.”可知自动驾驶汽车对人类帮助的需求取决于汽车的先进程度，故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据“these cars could avoid road accidents”、“give more freedom to disabled people”和“produce less pollution”可知自动驾驶汽车可以避免交通事故，给残疾人更多自由，减少污染，这些都是在阐述自动驾驶汽车相较于传统汽车的优势，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“Goldman Sachs, a leading global bank, said self-driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.”可知Goldman Sachs认为到2030年自动驾驶汽车能占新车销量的10%，所以推断它对自动驾驶汽车的未来持乐观态度，故选A。
B
What’s the fastest and most effective way to learn What’s THE LEARNING PYRAMID the secret to remembering what you learn
The “learning pyramid” suggests that most students only remember 5% from lectures (讲授). They remember 10% of what they read from textbooks, but get nearly 90% of what they learn through teaching others.
The most common form of teaching others is Peer Tutoring (同伴辅导). It means that we teach each other and help each other. We like peer tutoring because it makes learning more exciting and it makes us feel like we are part of a team.
To do peer tutoring, we can take turns (轮流) being the teacher. The teacher explains a subject, and the student tries to understand it. If the student doesn’t get it right away, the teacher helps them understand it. It’s important to ask questions and give positive feedback (积极反馈) to each other. Then, they can both learn and have fun at the same time.
Peer tutoring is really good for our brains because it helps us remember things better. When we teach others, we have to think about it really hard to make sure we explain it right. And when others teach us, we need to listen carefully and try to understand what they’re saying. This helps us learn better.
So if you’re looking for a way to make learning more fun and effective, try peer tutoring!
1．How can we remember the most
A．By listening to lectures. B．By reading the textbooks.
C．By writing. D．By teaching others.
2．Which is the most common form of teaching others
A．Group work. B．Peer Tutoring.
C．Classroom teaching. D．Online teaching.
3．Why is peer tutoring good for our brains
①Because it helps us remember things better.
②Because we have to think about it really hard to make sure we explain it right.
③Because we need to listen carefully and try to understand what others are saying.
④Because it makes us tired.
A．①② B．②③ C．①②③ D．③④
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.85
【知识点】学习策略、说明文
【导语】本文介绍了“学习金字塔”理论，指出通过教授他人是记忆知识最有效的方法，并详细描述了同伴辅导的好处和实施方式。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They remember 10% of what they read from textbooks, but get nearly 90% of what they learn through teaching others.”可知，通过教授他人，我们可以记住最多的内容。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common form of teaching others is Peer Tutoring (同伴辅导).”可知，最常见的教授他人的形式是同伴辅导。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Peer tutoring is really good for our brains because it helps us remember things better. When we teach others, we have to think about it really hard to make sure we explain it right. And when others teach us, we need to listen carefully and try to understand what they’re saying.”可知，同伴辅导对我们的大脑有好处，因为它能帮助我们更好地记住事情，当我们教别人时，我们必须认真思考以确保我们解释得正确，当别人教我们时，我们需要仔细倾听并努力理解他们说的话。所以①②③都是正确的，④因为它让我们疲倦，在文中没有提及。故选C。
C
It’s often said that the best way to solve a hard problem is to sleep on it. Does this make sense A new study shows that it does.
A team of researchers at Northwestern University, US, found that sleeping is helpful to our memory. This can help us solve problems. The researchers did a study on 57 university students. They asked the students to solve 42 difficult puzzles (谜) on the first day. When students worked on each puzzle, they had to listen to different music. The researchers encouraged students to remember the music they heard while solving the puzzles. In the end, there were six puzzles that the students still hadn’t solved. The students then went back home to sleep. They were given special music devices. While the students were sleeping, the devices played music which had something to do with the unsolved puzzles.
The next morning, the students tried the unsolved puzzles again. Researchers found that about 55% of the students could solve the rest of the difficult puzzles. The music activated (激活) the memories that they had of the puzzles while they were sleeping. It allowed them to “work” on the puzzles in their sleep.
Studies of both people and animals have shown that sleep can not only be helpful to our memory, but also help us send information. So the next time when you face a difficult problem, sleep on it. And play some music to help you remember the problem better.
1．What did the students have to do when they solved the puzzles in the research
A．Find the musical devices. B．Listen to different music.
C．Activate all the problems. D．Send useful information.
2．How many students could solve the rest of the difficult puzzles after sleeping
A．About 30. B．About 42. C．About 51. D．About 57.
3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．A useful research on puzzles B．Special music devices
C．Ways to get a good sleep D．Sleep on your problem
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍解决难题的最好方法是睡一觉，睡眠可以提高解决问题的效率。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When students worked on each puzzle, they had to listen to different music. The researchers encouraged students to remember the music they heard while solving the puzzles.”可知，当学生们解决谜题时，他们必须听不同的音乐。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers did a study on 57 university students.”以及第三段中的“Researchers found that about 55% of the students could solve the rest of the difficult puzzles.”可知，研究人员对57名大学生进行了一项研究，睡一觉后大约55%的学生能够解决剩下的难题，所以大约是30人。故选A。
3．最佳标题题。根据第一段中的“It’s often said that the best way to solve a hard problem is to sleep on it.”并通读全文可知，文章主要介绍解决难题的最好方法是睡一觉，睡眠可以提高解决问题的效率，所以D项符合。故选D。
D
Girls: by Annet Schaap & translate by Laura Watkinson
The book explores (探讨) seven classic fairy tales. These stories are lifelike, with strong girls who do things for themselves and no typical “happy endings.” Clever, funny, and imaginative, children from ages 9-12 and their parents will greatly enjoy the stories. The book includes black and white art by the writer.
The Secret Elephant: by Ellan Rankin
This is a wonderful picture book for ages 3-6, which tells the true story of a wartime friendship. It is based on a Belfast zookeeper who kept a baby Asian elephant at home during World War II to protect it from bombing (轰炸) and the order to kill dangerous animals.
How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend: by Elena Bulay & translated by Lena Traer
This lovely guide, suitable for ages 7-12, offers useful advice for kids dreaming of having a dog, or getting ready to get one. The book is filled with personal stories about the author and her rescue (搜救) dog Jo. With 96 beautifully drawn pages, it’s a great book for dog lovers.
A Different Kind of Freedom: A Romani Story: by Richard O’ Neill
In Edwardian era (爱德华时期), Lijah is developing a love for soccer. Sadly, his father thinks it’s a silly game that Roman people should stay away from. Lijah is stuck between his love for soccer and his love for his family and their traditions. Can he find a way to do what he loves, without losing touch with his family’s way of life
1．Which book will a boy who wants to have a pet dog most probably choose
A．Girls.
B．The Secret Elephant.
C．How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend.
D．A Different Kind of Freedom: A Romani Story.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to this text
A．The stories in “Girls” all end up with happy endings.
B．The book by Elena Bulay includes black and white art.
C．Lijah’s love for soccer goes against his family traditions.
D．The story in “The Secret Elephant” happened in World War I.
3．Who is the text probably written for
A．Cartoon artists. B．Book lovers. C．English teachers. D．Fiction writers.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B
【难度】0.85
【知识点】阅读、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分别介绍了四本不同主题和适合不同年龄段儿童阅读的书籍，包括《Girls》、《The Secret Elephant》、《How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend》和《A Different Kind of Freedom: A Romani Story》，旨在向读者推荐适合不同兴趣和年龄层的儿童书籍。
1．细节理解题。根据“This lovely guide, suitable for ages 7-12, offers useful advice for kids dreaming of having a dog, or getting ready to get one.”可知，这本书为梦想养狗或准备养狗的孩子提供了有用的建议，因此想要养宠物狗的男孩最可能选择的书是《如何成为你狗狗最好的朋友》。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Sadly, his father thinks it’s a silly game that Roman people should stay away from.”可知，Lijah的父亲认为踢足球是愚蠢的游戏，罗马人应该远离它，因此Lijah对足球的热爱与他的家庭传统相违背，所以C选项正确。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“The book explores (探讨) seven classic fairy tales.”、“This is a wonderful picture book for ages 3-6”、“This lovely guide, suitable for ages 7-12”及“ In Edwardian era (爱德华时期), Lijah is developing a love for soccer.”可知，文章主要介绍了四本书的内容，因此本文很可能是为书籍爱好者写的。故选B。
【提升试题】
A
For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the “time out”.
It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect (反思) on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.
However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They’re not reflecting on why they are in the “time out” at all. More likely than not, they’re probably just really angry, and ‘so’ are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.
What can parents do to change this situation You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting (育儿) and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a “time out”, try something called “time in”. A “time in” needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.
As we all know, punishment and violence (暴力) seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A “time in” can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes. Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.
A “time in” may take more time, but it does work.
1．In the writer’s opinion, a “time out” ________.
A．is becoming more popular B．doesn’t always work
C．should be parents' first choice D．takes too much time
2．During a “time out”, a child is told to ________.
A．stay outside B．make a promise
C．sit alone and reflect D．return to school
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Why not “time in” B．Learn from mistakes!
C．“Time out” or “time in” D．No violence at home!
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】教育、说明文
【导语】本文主要论述了与其让孩子独坐反思自己的过错，父母不如抓住机会正确引导孩子。
1．细节理解题。根据“However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do.”可知，这件事已经做了很多年，并不意味着这是正确的做法。所以在作者看来，“暂停”并不总是奏效，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the ‘time out’”以及“It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect (反思) on what he has done.”可知，父母惩罚孩子最常用的方式之一就是“暂停”。这似乎是个好主意：孩子自己坐着思考他所做的一切。所以在“暂停”期间，一个孩子被告知要独自坐着思考，故选C。
3．最佳标题题。根据“A ‘time in’ may take more time, but it does work.”以及通读全文可知，作者建议父母采用“time in”的方法来引导孩子改正错误，所以A选项体现了本文的核心，故选A。
B
Bhutan is going to build a “mindfulness (正念) city” created by Danish architecture firm (建筑公司) Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).
According to Dezeen, the city will cover an area of 1,000 square kilometers and will include an interational airport and a hydroelectric dam (水电站大坝). It will be located in the town of Gelephu near the Indian border in southern Bhutan.
The plan was made with Bhutanese culture in mind, which values happiness highly. The country believes that Gross National Happiness (GNH) is more important than Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This focus on GNH has made Bhutan one of the greenest countries in the world.
Considering the 35 rivers and streams in the town, the design includes a series of bridges connecting different neighborhoods. Each bridge will have important city landmarks, such as the new airport, universities, healthcare centers, and markets. One of the bridges will look like a hydroelectric dam, with views, stairways, and a temple. For the new buildings, local materials like wood, stone, and bamboo will be used, using ideas from traditional designs.
1．What will the “mindfulness city” in Bhutan have
A．A big theme park. B．A hydroelectric dam.
C．Only modern buildings. D．A airport in northern Bhutan.
2．Why does Bhutan focus on Gross National Happiness (GNH) instead of GDP
A．To be the most modern country. B．To value happiness and nature.
C．To grow its population. D．To get more tourists.
3．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Rich Culture of Bhutan
B．Building Bridges in Gelephu
C．Bhutan’s New “Mindfulness City” Plan
D．The Importance of Traditional Designs
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文、景点/建筑
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了不丹建造一座“正念城市”的计划，包括其设计理念、地理位置和建筑特色。
1．细节理解题。根据“According to Dezeen, the city will cover an area of 1,000 square kilometers and will include an international airport and a hydroelectric dam (水电站大坝 ). It will be located in the town of Gelephu near the Indian border in southern Bhutan.”可知，这座“正念城市”将包括一个国际机场和一个水电站大坝，且“正念城市”在不丹南部的印度边境附近。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The plan was made with Bhutanese culture in mind, which values happiness highly. The country believes that Gross National Happiness (GNH) is more important than Gross Domestic Product (GDP).”可知，因为不丹重视幸福和自然，所以不丹重视国民幸福总值而不是国内生产总值。故选B。
3．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了不丹建造一座“正念城市”的计划，包括其设计理念、地理位置和建筑特色。因此，最合适的标题是选项C“不丹新的‘正念城市’计划”。故选C。
C
There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster, but what about the children Some adults think it would probably never happen to them, so they don’t teach their children what to do. Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster.
Educate: It is always good to let your child know about possible disasters. This doesn’t mean children have to live in fear. When teaching them about disasters, keep the conversation positive (积极的) by telling them there is a solution (解决办法) to the disaster. Keep the conversations short, allow for questions and answer honestly.
Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children. For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine. Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters so that they know what is available for them if ever needed.
Plan: You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation. Write out a simple list that they can read. Then plan could start with “Listen to an adult’s advice and/or call 119”.
Practice: Once you have got the correct safety tools and worked out the right plan, practice every few months. Practicing what to do during a disaster with your child will help them if the time comes.
Disaster’s can’t be avoided but they can be lessened (减轻) once you are prepared and ready for one.
1．What does the word “disaster” mean
A．灾难 B．命运 C．演戏 D．倾销
2．What’s the most important thing for children
A．Always ask adults for help. B．Always be prepared for a disaster.
C．Always listen to an adult’s advice. D．Always remember where the tools are.
3．What is NOT suggested doing
A．Remembering what is needed in certain disasters.
B．Getting the children to know the plan well.
C．Helping people in disaster areas.
D．Getting radios for bad weather.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】自然灾害与防范、说明文、意见/建议
【导语】本文作者从“教育、准备、计划和练习”四个方面给我们提出了一些安全建议，告诉我们如何让孩子们为可能的灾难做好准备。
1．词义猜测题。根据“There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster...Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster.”以及文章内容可知，文章介绍了一些方法，可以帮助孩子为可能的灾难做好准备，故此处画线部分意为“灾难”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children”可知最重要的事情是为灾难做好准备。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters”可知教你的孩子在某些灾难中需要什么；根据“You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation”可知应该为你和你的孩子制定一个应对任何危险情况的计划；根据“For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine”可知在为恶劣天气做准备时，准备好你需要的工具，如蜡烛、收音机、食物、水和药品。故选C。
D
No matter where you go, no matter what to do, when you are in public places, you have to be in good manners. How should we behave in public places
Keep your voice down
Don’t speak or laugh loudly. Remember that although you may be excited and want to express your excitement, the people around you may not be interested in it at all. It’s polite to speak at a low volume (音量). This includes laughing as well.
Dress properly
Dress in a way that is proper for the place that you are going to. If you are going to an event where people dress in a formal (正式的) way, do the same. For example, do not wear blue jeans or a T-shirt to a dinner party. But it is acceptable to dress casually (穿着随意) if you are going to a museum or a movie theater.
Use table manners
When you eat in public places, use your table manners. They may help you leave a good impression (印象). In western countries, do not pick up food with your hands. You should pick it up with a fork or a spoon. When you are in China, you shouldn’t start eating first if there are older people at the table. Using your phone while having a meal is also bad behavior.
1．Why do we need to keep our voice down in public place
A．To make our voice clear. B．To have better conversations.
C．To follow the promise to friends. D．To prevent bothering others.
2．Where can we go if we want to dress casually
A．To a dinner party. B．To a movie theater.
C．To a business meeting. D．To a friend’s housewarming.
3．Which question can help us know the main idea of the passage
A．Do you learn about Chinese table manners
B．Why do we need to be in good manners
C．How should we behave in public places
D．How can we become a polite man
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、意见/建议、礼仪与习俗
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在公共场合要有礼貌。
1．细节理解题。根据“Don’t speak or laugh loudly. Remember that although you may be excited and want to express your excitement, the people around you may not be interested in it at all. It’s polite to speak at a low volume .”可知，我们需要在公共场所保持低声，您周围的人可能根本不感兴趣，我们要防止打扰他人。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“But it is acceptable to dress casually if you are going to a museum or a movie theater.”可知，如果我们想穿得随意，可以去电影院。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据“No matter where you go, no matter what to do, when you are in public places, you have to be in good manners. How should we behave in public places ”可知，问题为“我们在公共场所应该如何举止”可以帮助我们了解这段话的主要思想。故选C。
【拔高试题】
A
FIFA World Cup 2022 Official Emblem(会徽)
The FIFA World Cup 2022 emblem uses the burgundy (深红色) and white colors that are similar to Qatar’s national flag. The emblem’s design embodies the vision of an event that connects and engages the entire world, while also featuring striking elements of local and regional Arab culture, as well as references to the beautiful game.
The swooping curves (曲线) of the emblem represent desert dunes, and the unbroken loop expresses both the number eight – representing the tournament’s host stadiums (Al Bayt Stadium, Lusail Stadium, Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium, Al Janoub Stadium, Al Thumama Stadium, Education City Stadium, Khalifa International Stadium, Stadium 974)– and the infinity symbol, reflecting the event’s interconnected nature, fusing tradition with modernity.
1．What’s the meaning of number 8
A．It means the host stadiums. B．It means the infinity symbol.
C．It means the 8 footballs. D．It means 8 trophies.
2．When do people wear shawls
A．During the spring months. B．During the summer months.
C．During the autumn months. D．During the winter months.
3．How many features(特征) can you find from the emblem
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Eight.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】国际赛事、科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了卡塔尔世界杯官方会徽的意义。
1．细节理解题。根据“The swooping curves (曲线) of the emblem represent desert dunes, and the unbroken loop expresses both the number eight – representing the tournament’s host stadiums”可知，代表了比赛的主办场馆，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“During the winter months, shawls are worn in different styles by people across the Middle East and around the world.”可知，人们在冬季披披肩，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据图表展示的内容可知，介绍了6个特征，故选C。
B
Xi’an China
Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist attractions in China. Every year, millions of travellers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world.
As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. Chang’an, as it was known at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. It was here that Xuan Zang set out on his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. Historic sites from that time include the two Wild Goose Pagodas and the remains of the Daming Palace, which was the centre of the Tang court (朝廷).
Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of China’s Belt and Road initiative (倡议), but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. The wall, almost 14 kilometres long, was originally built for guarding against danger, but nowadays, it’s a great way to experience Xi’an: from here, you can get an amazing view of the city.
Florence Italy
Florence, one of the famous historic cities in Italy, is the birthplace of many amazing ideas and discoveries!
Florence’s history is alive with the memory of a time when art, culture and science were being reborn. In the late 13th century, the Renaissance (文艺复兴) began here before spreading to the rest of Europe. At that time, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo were some of the people living, working and studying in Florence. During this period, they along with other great minds, contributed valuable artworks and made important scientific discoveries.
Florence is filled with art, science and history museums and ancient buildings, as well as historic universities. You can visit many of these places to experience and admire the amazing work and discoveries that happened during the Renaissance period. An example is Michelangelo’s famous statue David, which he completed between 1501 and 1504. Another must-see is the University of Florence. It was started in 1321 and many famous people studied there in the Renaissance period.
In Florence today you can experience the old and the new. Historic sites are neighbours with fancy restaurants and high-end shops. While you are trying the delicious local food, you can decide which interesting places to visit next.
1．According to the passage, what can we know about two cities
A．Xi’an was the largest city in the world during the Song Dynasty.
B．Many famous people once studied, worked and lived in Florence,
C．You can visit the historic sites and try local food for free in Florence.
D．Xi’an was the heart of the silk road, which connected China to the world.
2．Which of the following do the two texts both mention
①must-see places ②past and present ③excellent education ④value of the city
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
3．What does the writer write this article for
A．To explain why the two cities are so popular.
B．To give advice on how to visit the two cities.
C．To introduce famous people in the two cities.
D．To encourage people to learn about the two cities’ history.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】旅行、城市、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。分别从文化历史，著名景点和著名人物等方面介绍了两座著名城市，西安和佛罗伦萨。
1．细节理解题。由原文“At that time, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo were some of the people living, working and studying in Florence.”可知，米卡郎基罗，达芬奇，伽利略等著名人物曾在佛罗伦萨学习、工作生活过。故选B。
2．细节理解题。文章分别介绍了两座城市的必看景点，也介绍了过去和现在的情况和两座城市的价值，唯独没提及教育。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，作者在向我们介绍西安和佛罗伦萨两座城市的优点，所以是在解释两座城市受欢迎的原因。故选A。
C
Some libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.
Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)
Opened in 2011, this nine-story public library, designed by Eun Young Yi to feel open and full of light, is the cultural center for the city and can be entered from any of its four sides, and you can borrow artwork as well as books.
Biblioteca Sandro Penna (Perugia, Italy)
In a country known for classical architecture and historical buildings, Biblioteca Sandro Penna stands out for its modern aesthetic. Housing books and multimedia, this library was built in 2004, is named after a local poet and it is easily found with its circular pink glass top looking like a flying saucer.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a book on the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourists to do just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf hold 6, 000 books in 15 languages so every visitor can find the perfect beach read to enjoy while enjoying the sun.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To change low literacy rates (识字率) in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library made up of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the area’s nomadic people. At present the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
SEIXE UMIVERSITY
Seikei University Library (Tokyo, Japan)
Libraries are usually known for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free-standing soundproofed pods (隔音吊舱) to respect those who need quiet corners for study, while also being helpful to other methods of learning; they serve as perfect places for study groups and lively discussions.
1．According to the passage, which of the following is true
A．Only books can be borrowed from the library in Germeny.
B．The library in Italy is the oldest one among all of the five.
C．The library in Bulgaria has books in many different languages.
D．Shigeru Ban designed the library just for lively discussions.
2．Which of the following can best describe “a roaming library”
A．It is made up of nine camels.
B．It travels four days a week.
C．It lends books to children in villages.
D．It brings books to places in need.
3．The writer introduces all the libraries in order to show __________.
A．how libraries are designed to encourage more readers
B．what his/her favorite five libraries in the world are like
C．library designing is a challenging job that needs creativity
D．libraries can be designed to have many different functions
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】阅读、城市、说明文
【导语】本文介绍了不同国家的图书馆，借以展示这些图书馆如何通过设计来鼓励更多的读者前往阅读。
1．细节理解题。根据“Reading a book on the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourists to do just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf hold 6,000 books in 15 languages”可知保加利亚的图书馆有许多不同语言的书籍。故选C。
32．细节理解题。根据“To change low literacy rates (识字率) in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library made up of nine camels bringing books to villages”可知为了改变肯尼亚沙漠地区的低识字率，政府创建了一个由九头骆驼组成的漫游图书馆，将书籍带到村庄。所以D选项“它把书带到需要的地方。”最合适，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“Some libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.”以及文章中列举的图书馆的介绍可知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示图书馆如何通过神奇的设计来鼓励更多的读者来读书，故选A。
D
China, our motherland, has played an important role in the world. Read the following passages and try to learn more about it.
Sports has always been an important part in people’s life around the world. China has several traditional sports games and you happen to find two posters. Please read them carefully.
Ropes played an important role in ancient China and people in Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago used ropes to play games. Many tricks and skills are needed in order to play jump rope, whether in single, pairs or in a group. It is now popular. The kite was invented in China over 2,000 years ago. It was used for checking in the war and for fun. The invention spread to other Asian countries and was introduced to Europe by Italian explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324) near the end of the 13th century.
1．The posters above are made to ______.
A．encourage more people to play traditional sports games
B．teach more people about how to play traditional sports games
C．tell people something about playing traditional sports games
D．ask people to introduce playing traditional sports games
2．According to the posters, ______.
A．playing jump rope doesn’t need a lot of tricks and skills
B．kites were used only for fun in ancient China over 2,000 years
C．the two sports games are just invented for one person to play
D．people not only in China but in other countries like flying kites
3．The pictures are used in the posters to ______.
A．help raise readers’ interest B．help readers learn to exercise
C．encourage readers to exercise D．tell readers how to exercise
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】健康与运动、中华文化、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统的体育运动——跳绳和放风筝。
1．主旨大意题。根据“China has several traditional sports games and you happen to find two posters.”和全文可知，上面的海报是为了告诉人们一些关于玩传统体育游戏的事情；故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“The invention spread to other Asian countries and was introduced to Europe by Italian explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324) near the end of the 13th century.”可知 ，这项发明传播到其他亚洲国家，并在13世纪末由意大利探险家马可·波罗（1254-1324）传入欧洲。由此推知，不仅是中国人，其他国家的人也喜欢放风筝。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据图片可知，图片展示了跳绳和放风筝这两项中国的传统体育运动，是为了吸引读者的兴趣。故选A。阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 文本结构与逻辑理解
- 复杂段落结构：
- 说明文常采用“总-分-总”结构或并列/递进逻辑（如因果、对比、分类），需快速识别段落主旨与支撑细节。
- 干扰项多利用“部分正确信息”或“颠倒逻辑关系”设置陷阱（如混淆因果顺序）。
- 隐含逻辑词：
- 如“however”表转折，“for instance”表举例，“therefore”表结论，需结合上下文判断逻辑方向。
2. 专业术语与长难句解析
- 学科词汇：
- 科技类（如“renewable energy”“artificial intelligence”）、环境类（如“carbon emission”“ecosystem”）。
- **长难句拆分**：
- 嵌套定语从句、状语从句或分词结构（如“Technologies that reduce pollution, which are becoming popular in Nanjing, may help improve air quality”）。
3. 细节定位与推理判断
- 数据与事实提取：
- 数字、百分比、时间节点易混淆（如“30% decrease” vs. “30% increase”）。
- 抽象概念理解：
- 如“sustainability”“biodiversity”等需结合上下文具体化。
- 作者意图推断：
- 判断说明目的（解释现象/提出解决方案/对比优劣）。
4. 南京本土元素结合
- 本地案例：
- 南京环保措施（如“长江大保护”政策）、科技发展（如紫金山实验室）、文化遗产保护（明孝陵数字化展示）。
- 文化词汇：
- 如“Confucian culture”“ancient water towns”相关表达。
二、解题步骤（四步精准法）
1.通读全文，把握结构与主题
- 快速浏览首尾段及小标题，明确说明对象（如“Nanjing’s air pollution solutions”）。
- 标记段落主旨句（通常为首句或转折后内容）。
例： > “Nanjing has introduced new policies to reduce traffic jams. First, the government encourages public transport... However, some citizens still prefer driving.”
→ 结构为“总-分-总”，主题是“交通政策及其影响”。
2. 定位细节，匹配题干关键词
- 题干关键词：人名、地名、数字、专有名词（如“Yangtze River”“Confucius Temple”）。
- 文本定位技巧：
- 数据类：锁定段落中的数字或百分比；
- 概念类：寻找同义替换词（如“renewable energy”对应“solar/wind power”）。
3. 逻辑推理，排除干扰选项
- 因果推理：
- 题干问“Why does Nanjing build more subways ” → 原文答案可能为“to reduce traffic jams and pollution”。
- 推理判断题：
- 选项出现“may/could”多为合理推断，绝对化词汇（must/never）需警惕。
- 偷换概念：
- 原文说“reduce carbon emission by 20%”，选项改为“eliminate all pollution”→ 错误。
4. 回读验证，确保逻辑一致
- 代入答案后检查是否符合段落逻辑（如“however”前后是否矛盾）。
- 关注代词指代（如“this method”指代前文提到的“recycling”）。
三、预测分析
1. 高频主题预测
- 科技与社会：
- 人工智能应用（如“smart city”建设）、5G技术影响。
- 环境保护：
- 南京生态保护案例（如长江禁渔政策、湿地恢复）。
- 文化传承：
- 非遗文化介绍（如云锦、金陵刻经）、明孝陵申遗成功意义。
2. 核心考点预测
- 细节理解：
- 数据对比（如“2025 vs. 2030 tourism growth rate”）、专有名词对应（如“Qinhuai River Festival”举办时间）。
- 推理判断：
- 作者态度（支持/中立/反对），如“Some argue that... but studies show...”→作者倾向后者。
- 主旨大意：
- 标题选择（如“The Future of Nanjing’s Ancient Culture”）。
- 词义猜测：
- 结合上下文猜词（如“degradation”在环保语境中意为“退化”）。
3. 南京特色结合
- 本土案例：
- 南京地铁建设成就、青奥会遗产利用、秦淮灯会数字化创新。
- 文化词汇：
- 如“Confucian ethics”“ancient town preservation”相关表达。
4. 易错陷阱预测
- 数据干扰：
- 原文“60% of students prefer online learning”，选项改为“most students dislike it”→ 错误。
- 抽象概念混淆：
- “sustainable development”需结合“经济、环境、社会”三要素理解。
四、备考建议
1. 强化逻辑思维训练：
- 分析说明文结构（如因果链、分类对比），用思维导图梳理段落关系。
2. 积累学科词汇：
- 按主题整理词汇（环保、科技、文化），熟记高频术语及同义替换。
3. 长难句精析：
- 每日拆解1-2个长难句，标注主干与修饰成分（如定语从句、状语）。
4. 限时模拟与错题复盘：
- 每篇说明文控制在7-8分钟内，总结错误类型（细节遗漏、逻辑误判）。
5. 关注南京本土素材：
- 阅读南京英文官网或英文报道，熟悉本地案例与政策表述。
五、总结
南京中考说明文阅读注重“逻辑分析、细节定位与本土元素结合”。备考时需：
- 掌握结构化阅读法（总-分-总，逻辑词定位）；
- 强化长难句与术语积累；
- 关注南京特色话题**（环保、科技、文化遗产）。
通过针对性训练和策略应用，考生可高效突破说明文阅读，提升得分率！
【基础试题】
A
Imagine this: You jump into a car on a weekend morning, and it takes you to where you want to go without needing any directions. When it drops you off, it drives itself back home, so you don’t have to worry about parking. This is what self-driving cars can do.
A self-driving car is a car that can sense its surroundings (周围环境) and drive without human help. Depending on how advanced (先进的) the car is, it might need different levels of human help. At the highest levels, a person might not need to control the car at all. But at lower levels, a person might still need to step in sometimes. However, making self-driving cars isn’t simple. According to Wired, it’s a whole system with different parts that need care. Things like road networks influence it.
Although making self-driving cars takes a lot of time and money, the benefits are worth it. For example, these cars could avoid road accidents. US government data shows that 94 percent of car accidents happen because of drivers’ mistakes. Self-driving cars can also give more freedom to disabled people. Besides, these cars produce less pollution by cutting down on traffic jams and not running when they’re not needed.
Many big companies such as Baidu and Tesla are making self-driving cars. Goldman Sachs, a leading global bank, said self-driving cars could make up 10 percent of new car sales by 2030.
1．What does the need for human help depend on in a self-driving car
A．The speed of the car. B．The road network system.
C．How advanced the car is. D．The surroundings when driving.
2．What is introduced about self-driving cars in paragraph 3
A．Why the traffic accidents happen in the US.
B．The development of self-driving technology.
C．How self-driving cars help disabled people drive.
D．Their advantages compared with traditional cars.
3．What does Goldman Sachs think of the future of self-driving cars
A．Hopeful. B．Uncertain. C．Doubtful. D．Risky.
B
What’s the fastest and most effective way to learn What’s THE LEARNING PYRAMID the secret to remembering what you learn
The “learning pyramid” suggests that most students only remember 5% from lectures (讲授). They remember 10% of what they read from textbooks, but get nearly 90% of what they learn through teaching others.
The most common form of teaching others is Peer Tutoring (同伴辅导). It means that we teach each other and help each other. We like peer tutoring because it makes learning more exciting and it makes us feel like we are part of a team.
To do peer tutoring, we can take turns (轮流) being the teacher. The teacher explains a subject, and the student tries to understand it. If the student doesn’t get it right away, the teacher helps them understand it. It’s important to ask questions and give positive feedback (积极反馈) to each other. Then, they can both learn and have fun at the same time.
Peer tutoring is really good for our brains because it helps us remember things better. When we teach others, we have to think about it really hard to make sure we explain it right. And when others teach us, we need to listen carefully and try to understand what they’re saying. This helps us learn better.
So if you’re looking for a way to make learning more fun and effective, try peer tutoring!
1．How can we remember the most
A．By listening to lectures. B．By reading the textbooks.
C．By writing. D．By teaching others.
2．Which is the most common form of teaching others
A．Group work. B．Peer Tutoring.
C．Classroom teaching. D．Online teaching.
3．Why is peer tutoring good for our brains
①Because it helps us remember things better.
②Because we have to think about it really hard to make sure we explain it right.
③Because we need to listen carefully and try to understand what others are saying.
④Because it makes us tired.
A．①② B．②③ C．①②③ D．③④
C
It’s often said that the best way to solve a hard problem is to sleep on it. Does this make sense A new study shows that it does.
A team of researchers at Northwestern University, US, found that sleeping is helpful to our memory. This can help us solve problems. The researchers did a study on 57 university students. They asked the students to solve 42 difficult puzzles (谜) on the first day. When students worked on each puzzle, they had to listen to different music. The researchers encouraged students to remember the music they heard while solving the puzzles. In the end, there were six puzzles that the students still hadn’t solved. The students then went back home to sleep. They were given special music devices. While the students were sleeping, the devices played music which had something to do with the unsolved puzzles.
The next morning, the students tried the unsolved puzzles again. Researchers found that about 55% of the students could solve the rest of the difficult puzzles. The music activated (激活) the memories that they had of the puzzles while they were sleeping. It allowed them to “work” on the puzzles in their sleep.
Studies of both people and animals have shown that sleep can not only be helpful to our memory, but also help us send information. So the next time when you face a difficult problem, sleep on it. And play some music to help you remember the problem better.
1．What did the students have to do when they solved the puzzles in the research
A．Find the musical devices. B．Listen to different music.
C．Activate all the problems. D．Send useful information.
2．How many students could solve the rest of the difficult puzzles after sleeping
A．About 30. B．About 42. C．About 51. D．About 57.
3．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．A useful research on puzzles B．Special music devices
C．Ways to get a good sleep D．Sleep on your problem
D
Girls: by Annet Schaap & translate by Laura Watkinson
The book explores (探讨) seven classic fairy tales. These stories are lifelike, with strong girls who do things for themselves and no typical “happy endings.” Clever, funny, and imaginative, children from ages 9-12 and their parents will greatly enjoy the stories. The book includes black and white art by the writer.
The Secret Elephant: by Ellan Rankin
This is a wonderful picture book for ages 3-6, which tells the true story of a wartime friendship. It is based on a Belfast zookeeper who kept a baby Asian elephant at home during World War II to protect it from bombing (轰炸) and the order to kill dangerous animals.
How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend: by Elena Bulay & translated by Lena Traer
This lovely guide, suitable for ages 7-12, offers useful advice for kids dreaming of having a dog, or getting ready to get one. The book is filled with personal stories about the author and her rescue (搜救) dog Jo. With 96 beautifully drawn pages, it’s a great book for dog lovers.
A Different Kind of Freedom: A Romani Story: by Richard O’ Neill
In Edwardian era (爱德华时期), Lijah is developing a love for soccer. Sadly, his father thinks it’s a silly game that Roman people should stay away from. Lijah is stuck between his love for soccer and his love for his family and their traditions. Can he find a way to do what he loves, without losing touch with his family’s way of life
1．Which book will a boy who wants to have a pet dog most probably choose
A．Girls.
B．The Secret Elephant.
C．How to Be Your Dog’s Best Friend.
D．A Different Kind of Freedom: A Romani Story.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to this text
A．The stories in “Girls” all end up with happy endings.
B．The book by Elena Bulay includes black and white art.
C．Lijah’s love for soccer goes against his family traditions.
D．The story in “The Secret Elephant” happened in World War I.
3．Who is the text probably written for
A．Cartoon artists. B．Book lovers. C．English teachers. D．Fiction writers.
【提升试题】
A
For as long as we can remember, one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the “time out”.
It seems that it is a good idea: the child sits on his own to reflect (反思) on what he has done. Then, when the time is up, he will apologize and learn from the mistake.
However, just because it’s something that’s been done for years, that doesn’t mean it is the right thing to do. In fact, very often, children don’t sit nicely and think about what they’ve done. Instead, they need to be told a few (or many) times to go back to their places and stay quiet. They’re not reflecting on why they are in the “time out” at all. More likely than not, they’re probably just really angry, and ‘so’ are the parents. In the end, both the parents and the children make each other unhappy, or even angry.
What can parents do to change this situation You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting (育儿) and gentle parenting. These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love. So, instead of starting a “time out”, try something called “time in”. A “time in” needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together. If the child can make changes, everyone can then move on.
As we all know, punishment and violence (暴力) seldom work and will never teach the children what the right way to act is. A “time in” can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes. Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations. So, instead of punishing them for acting their age, we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.
A “time in” may take more time, but it does work.
1．In the writer’s opinion, a “time out” ________.
A．is becoming more popular B．doesn’t always work
C．should be parents' first choice D．takes too much time
2．During a “time out”, a child is told to ________.
A．stay outside B．make a promise
C．sit alone and reflect D．return to school
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A．Why not “time in” B．Learn from mistakes!
C．“Time out” or “time in” D．No violence at home!
B
Bhutan is going to build a “mindfulness (正念) city” created by Danish architecture firm (建筑公司) Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG).
According to Dezeen, the city will cover an area of 1,000 square kilometers and will include an interational airport and a hydroelectric dam (水电站大坝). It will be located in the town of Gelephu near the Indian border in southern Bhutan.
The plan was made with Bhutanese culture in mind, which values happiness highly. The country believes that Gross National Happiness (GNH) is more important than Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This focus on GNH has made Bhutan one of the greenest countries in the world.
Considering the 35 rivers and streams in the town, the design includes a series of bridges connecting different neighborhoods. Each bridge will have important city landmarks, such as the new airport, universities, healthcare centers, and markets. One of the bridges will look like a hydroelectric dam, with views, stairways, and a temple. For the new buildings, local materials like wood, stone, and bamboo will be used, using ideas from traditional designs.
1．What will the “mindfulness city” in Bhutan have
A．A big theme park. B．A hydroelectric dam.
C．Only modern buildings. D．A airport in northern Bhutan.
2．Why does Bhutan focus on Gross National Happiness (GNH) instead of GDP
A．To be the most modern country. B．To value happiness and nature.
C．To grow its population. D．To get more tourists.
3．What is the best title for this passage
A．The Rich Culture of Bhutan
B．Building Bridges in Gelephu
C．Bhutan’s New “Mindfulness City” Plan
D．The Importance of Traditional Designs
C
There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster, but what about the children Some adults think it would probably never happen to them, so they don’t teach their children what to do. Before it’s too late here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster.
Educate: It is always good to let your child know about possible disasters. This doesn’t mean children have to live in fear. When teaching them about disasters, keep the conversation positive (积极的) by telling them there is a solution (解决办法) to the disaster. Keep the conversations short, allow for questions and answer honestly.
Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children. For example when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine. Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters so that they know what is available for them if ever needed.
Plan: You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation. Write out a simple list that they can read. Then plan could start with “Listen to an adult’s advice and/or call 119”.
Practice: Once you have got the correct safety tools and worked out the right plan, practice every few months. Practicing what to do during a disaster with your child will help them if the time comes.
Disaster’s can’t be avoided but they can be lessened (减轻) once you are prepared and ready for one.
1．What does the word “disaster” mean
A．灾难 B．命运 C．演戏 D．倾销
2．What’s the most important thing for children
A．Always ask adults for help. B．Always be prepared for a disaster.
C．Always listen to an adult’s advice. D．Always remember where the tools are.
3．What is NOT suggested doing
A．Remembering what is needed in certain disasters.
B．Getting the children to know the plan well.
C．Helping people in disaster areas.
D．Getting radios for bad weather.
D
No matter where you go, no matter what to do, when you are in public places, you have to be in good manners. How should we behave in public places
Keep your voice down
Don’t speak or laugh loudly. Remember that although you may be excited and want to express your excitement, the people around you may not be interested in it at all. It’s polite to speak at a low volume (音量). This includes laughing as well.
Dress properly
Dress in a way that is proper for the place that you are going to. If you are going to an event where people dress in a formal (正式的) way, do the same. For example, do not wear blue jeans or a T-shirt to a dinner party. But it is acceptable to dress casually (穿着随意) if you are going to a museum or a movie theater.
Use table manners
When you eat in public places, use your table manners. They may help you leave a good impression (印象). In western countries, do not pick up food with your hands. You should pick it up with a fork or a spoon. When you are in China, you shouldn’t start eating first if there are older people at the table. Using your phone while having a meal is also bad behavior.
1．Why do we need to keep our voice down in public place
A．To make our voice clear. B．To have better conversations.
C．To follow the promise to friends. D．To prevent bothering others.
2．Where can we go if we want to dress casually
A．To a dinner party. B．To a movie theater.
C．To a business meeting. D．To a friend’s housewarming.
3．Which question can help us know the main idea of the passage
A．Do you learn about Chinese table manners
B．Why do we need to be in good manners
C．How should we behave in public places
D．How can we become a polite man
【拔高试题】
A
FIFA World Cup 2022 Official Emblem(会徽)
The FIFA World Cup 2022 emblem uses the burgundy (深红色) and white colors that are similar to Qatar’s national flag. The emblem’s design embodies the vision of an event that connects and engages the entire world, while also featuring striking elements of local and regional Arab culture, as well as references to the beautiful game.
The swooping curves (曲线) of the emblem represent desert dunes, and the unbroken loop expresses both the number eight – representing the tournament’s host stadiums (Al Bayt Stadium, Lusail Stadium, Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium, Al Janoub Stadium, Al Thumama Stadium, Education City Stadium, Khalifa International Stadium, Stadium 974)– and the infinity symbol, reflecting the event’s interconnected nature, fusing tradition with modernity.
1．What’s the meaning of number 8
A．It means the host stadiums. B．It means the infinity symbol.
C．It means the 8 footballs. D．It means 8 trophies.
2．When do people wear shawls
A．During the spring months. B．During the summer months.
C．During the autumn months. D．During the winter months.
3．How many features(特征) can you find from the emblem
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Eight.
B
Xi’an China
Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist attractions in China. Every year, millions of travellers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world.
As one of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. Chang’an, as it was known at the time, was the starting point of the Silk Road, which connected China to the world. It was here that Xuan Zang set out on his famous travels, which became the basis of Journey to the West. Historic sites from that time include the two Wild Goose Pagodas and the remains of the Daming Palace, which was the centre of the Tang court (朝廷).
Today, Xi’an is a modern city, at the heart of China’s Belt and Road initiative (倡议), but its long history can be seen everywhere: it is one of the few cities in the world that still have city walls. The wall, almost 14 kilometres long, was originally built for guarding against danger, but nowadays, it’s a great way to experience Xi’an: from here, you can get an amazing view of the city.
Florence Italy
Florence, one of the famous historic cities in Italy, is the birthplace of many amazing ideas and discoveries!
Florence’s history is alive with the memory of a time when art, culture and science were being reborn. In the late 13th century, the Renaissance (文艺复兴) began here before spreading to the rest of Europe. At that time, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo were some of the people living, working and studying in Florence. During this period, they along with other great minds, contributed valuable artworks and made important scientific discoveries.
Florence is filled with art, science and history museums and ancient buildings, as well as historic universities. You can visit many of these places to experience and admire the amazing work and discoveries that happened during the Renaissance period. An example is Michelangelo’s famous statue David, which he completed between 1501 and 1504. Another must-see is the University of Florence. It was started in 1321 and many famous people studied there in the Renaissance period.
In Florence today you can experience the old and the new. Historic sites are neighbours with fancy restaurants and high-end shops. While you are trying the delicious local food, you can decide which interesting places to visit next.
1．According to the passage, what can we know about two cities
A．Xi’an was the largest city in the world during the Song Dynasty.
B．Many famous people once studied, worked and lived in Florence,
C．You can visit the historic sites and try local food for free in Florence.
D．Xi’an was the heart of the silk road, which connected China to the world.
2．Which of the following do the two texts both mention
①must-see places ②past and present ③excellent education ④value of the city
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
3．What does the writer write this article for
A．To explain why the two cities are so popular.
B．To give advice on how to visit the two cities.
C．To introduce famous people in the two cities.
D．To encourage people to learn about the two cities’ history.
C
Some libraries are keeping the magic of reading alive.
Stuttgart City Library (Stuttgart, Germany)
Opened in 2011, this nine-story public library, designed by Eun Young Yi to feel open and full of light, is the cultural center for the city and can be entered from any of its four sides, and you can borrow artwork as well as books.
Biblioteca Sandro Penna (Perugia, Italy)
In a country known for classical architecture and historical buildings, Biblioteca Sandro Penna stands out for its modern aesthetic. Housing books and multimedia, this library was built in 2004, is named after a local poet and it is easily found with its circular pink glass top looking like a flying saucer.
Beach Library (Albena, Bulgaria)
Reading a book on the beach is a classic, and in Bulgaria, one library encourages tourists to do just that. The white, weather-resistant shelves lined up not far from the surf hold 6, 000 books in 15 languages so every visitor can find the perfect beach read to enjoy while enjoying the sun.
The Camel Library Service (North Eastern Province, Kenya)
To change low literacy rates (识字率) in the desert of Kenya, the government created a roaming library made up of nine camels bringing books to villages. The library travels four days a week serving the area’s nomadic people. At present the service focuses on children, but with more funding they plan to increase their reach both in distance and the titles they carry.
SEIXE UMIVERSITY
Seikei University Library (Tokyo, Japan)
Libraries are usually known for their quiet atmosphere, but this one encourages conversation. Pritzker Prize-winner Shigeru Ban designed the library with space-age, free-standing soundproofed pods (隔音吊舱) to respect those who need quiet corners for study, while also being helpful to other methods of learning; they serve as perfect places for study groups and lively discussions.
1．According to the passage, which of the following is true
A．Only books can be borrowed from the library in Germeny.
B．The library in Italy is the oldest one among all of the five.
C．The library in Bulgaria has books in many different languages.
D．Shigeru Ban designed the library just for lively discussions.
2．Which of the following can best describe “a roaming library”
A．It is made up of nine camels.
B．It travels four days a week.
C．It lends books to children in villages.
D．It brings books to places in need.
3．The writer introduces all the libraries in order to show __________.
A．how libraries are designed to encourage more readers
B．what his/her favorite five libraries in the world are like
C．library designing is a challenging job that needs creativity
D．libraries can be designed to have many different functions
D
China, our motherland, has played an important role in the world. Read the following passages and try to learn more about it.
Sports has always been an important part in people’s life around the world. China has several traditional sports games and you happen to find two posters. Please read them carefully.
Ropes played an important role in ancient China and people in Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago used ropes to play games. Many tricks and skills are needed in order to play jump rope, whether in single, pairs or in a group. It is now popular. The kite was invented in China over 2,000 years ago. It was used for checking in the war and for fun. The invention spread to other Asian countries and was introduced to Europe by Italian explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324) near the end of the 13th century.
1．The posters above are made to ______.
A．encourage more people to play traditional sports games
B．teach more people about how to play traditional sports games
C．tell people something about playing traditional sports games
D．ask people to introduce playing traditional sports games
2．According to the posters, ______.
A．playing jump rope doesn’t need a lot of tricks and skills
B．kites were used only for fun in ancient China over 2,000 years
C．the two sports games are just invented for one person to play
D．people not only in China but in other countries like flying kites
3．The pictures are used in the posters to ______.
A．help raise readers’ interest B．help readers learn to exercise
C．encourage readers to exercise D．tell readers how to exercise
