句型公式
教学目标：★★★★★☆ 学生能够通过快速辨认句型公式判断词形。
问题层级图
目标层级图
句型公式
教学目标：★★★★★☆ 学生能够通过快速辨认句型公式判断词形。
一、明确句型公式的必要性 ★☆☆☆☆☆
在选词填空（十二选十）这种题型中，结构是最重要的解题方法之一。懂得并熟练掌握句子的五大基本句型，分清句子的基本成分和修饰性成分以及他们所对应的词性是解决该类题的重要法宝。
例 Sometimes medicine helps.(句中缺主语)
But many doctors think that music can help people feel better.(主句中缺谓语)
Sometimes I was angry when I was a child.(句中缺表语)
但请类比以下例
People _______ come to see me.
Yet it was _______ the simple dream.
I had _____ mother in the world.
以上题目往往我们在操作时无法快速和熟练判断出句中所缺成分和对应词性，于是简单一步， 用我们的句型公式法立马搞定。
句 adv. 子(完整句子中有空格，则该空格为adv.)
People ___also ___ come to see me.
Yet it was ___exactly___ the simple dream.
仅用一个词修饰+ n. (单数)
则该词为：
形容词最高级
形物词性的物主代词
名词所有格
指示代词单数（除不可数）等
I had the meanest mother in the world.
句型公式是通过总结出十二选十中一些典型固定结构从而帮助我们快速判断词性和词形，该方法是对通过五大句型，成分等判断词性方法的有效补充，是考试时解题的一种快速通道，但该方法基本可用，只针对有普遍规律的结构做典型总结，所以不可滥用，指望每一个句子可套用该方法，详细可分为通过句子中典型标志词判断空格处词性和词形，通过典型句式结构判断出空格处的词性和词形。详细内容请见下文。
二、通过标志词判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
冠词、名词类
art. +____n.____
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，而后又没有名词，那么所填空常为名词。
例
a book an hour the policemen
This is a book. I need an hour.
food he people see wear everything watch quick
The little boy looked hungry, cold and tired. He looked at the _____ for a few minutes and then went away.
练习
1. However, one of the ________near my house seems to use more of these bags than ever before. (shop)
2. It was already late when we started for the next town, which according to the _____ was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill. (map)
food he people see wear everything watch quick
3. Soon he found, in the valley bellow, the _____ of the town we were looking for.
拓展art. +____adj.____ + n.
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，后面再接一个名词，这种情况下空里常填的词语有形容词、序数词、名词所有格。
例
1. the beautiful girl the first person the Teachers’ Day
2. She is the first person to finish this task.
3. What's the real meaning of the word "peace" The ______ story may tell us something about it. (follow)
4. Unfortunately, the _________ government did not like the first design which Otis showed them, and they would not let him put the elevator in. (France)
opportunity use achieve me job quiet successful towards prepare treat care difference
5. The ________person, on the other hand, works little and just wait to see them pass by.
练习
Before the beginning of every lecture, I found an ____5____ phenomenon(现象). (interest)
2. By the time of the ________Championships and the German Bundesliga(德甲)in 2024, Shi was a fan, especially of German clubs and players. (Europe)
3.
check China difficult easy farm forget little（a little） many other peace amazing serious
So, even the _____questions can have many answers.
延伸：____仅用一个词修饰____ + n.
此结构的特点是名词前仅有一个词语修饰，此空经常的填法有形容词最高级、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词单数。同样，此结构的逆推结构 仅用一个词修饰+__ n. ___ 也是中考常考考点。
例
1. the coldest day my book
2. their advice this boy
3. I want to hear their advice.
4. She met this boy three years ago.
5. There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the _______ picture of peace. (good)
6. He had nearly finished his ________work. (day)
7. It is clear that in order to be highly qualified for our future________, we should make every possible preparation. (job)
dream either get good happy you many real sad see too woman
8. I like basketball and I want to be the ______ player in college.
come educational raise lie mean fail rise lonely wake permission instead alone
9. I had ________mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
10.Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater _____ by helping the poor man
拓展：如果adj.修饰复合不定代词，则必须为后置修饰。即 复合不定代词+ adj.
Would you think they were laughing at something ____that one of them said (fun)
练习
1. Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also for _________use. (science)
2. Working had is all ________shared experience for making their dreams come true. (winner)
3.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
You might think of 11, or some _____characters like “二” or “十”!
2．系动词类。
系动词+ adj.
中考12选10中常考的系动词包括look, feel, get, be这四类，系动词+adj.是常考考法。
例
1. look tired get excited
2. I feel relaxed when I’m with my family.
3. This did not look ______ at all. (peace)
4. There we felt ___________that we would find a bed for the night. (sure)
5. After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get ________. (worry)
understand happy stop care he think foot worry look good feel but
6. He decided not go home at once, if he looked _____, his other would notice.
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence
7. Several more days went by and the young man felt more and more ______.
they pay hard energy happy thrill explain easy send one see noise
8. An old man lived in a side street of a small town. Every day after supper, some children would play football in the street. The children were too _____ for the old man to have a good rest.
拓展：be动词后常跟adj.，但也存在be+ n./ pron./ adv. 做表语的情况；
“I told him Spiderman is ________ to save him. No one will hurt him now,” Mr. Smith said. (here)
练习
1. After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get ________. (worry)
2. He gave the boys only 10 cents. The boys were very 10 , but there was not much for them to do about it. (happy)
3.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
“Let’s play a hoax on the man, we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how embarrassed he would be when finds that his shoes are_____.
3. 介词
此结构的特点是介词后填空，基本结构为 prep. + _____n./ pron./v-ing____ 12选10常考介词有of, in, with, like等。
例
1. She is fond of swimming.
2. Mike does well in math.
3. She included her Chinese address in the letter in the hope of_____ a reply. (receive)
4. After _________a conversation between the boy’s mother and his teachers about his love of superheroes, Mr. Smithhurried home to get his Spiderman clothes. (hear)
5. In ________ opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society.(me)
all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine other real surprise these
Life is like ______tea. (these)
练习
1. She included her Chinese address in the letter in the hope of _____ a reply. (receive)
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence
2. The expert didn't want to talk to him because he thought that the young man would be patient with _____. (learn)
拓展： 在n./ pron.+ of n./ pron.即介词of前是名词或者代词，of后也应该填名词或者代词，反之亦然。
练习
1. You are all looking at each other's tea cups and ________of you even envy (羡慕) the finer(比较级) cups of others.(any)
三、通过结构判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
1. conj.句子, 句子 或 句子, conj.句子
此句式的特点是：两个句子中间是逗号时，需要用一个连词连接两个句子，连词可以位于第一个句子前，也可以位于第二个句子前。
例
one though herself them believe popular film even important interest choose role
1. Nina Dobrev is a young actress on the rise in Hollywood. She was born on January 9th, 1989. ______she was only 25 years old, she has gained international fame thanks to her role in the popular teen drama The Vampire Diaries(《吸血鬼日记》)
make weather happen because floor day but year come need ground also
2. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, ______there is nothing. People cut down the trees, ______they want to grow rice.
练习
understand happy shop care he think foot worry look good feel but
1. He knew she would give him anything he liked if she could. ______he also knew that she had little money.
be paper sail spare much enjoy in many coin prefer while of
2. A hobby is an interesting way of spending your free time. There are so many different hobbies for different people to choose. Some hobbies are very popular, ______others are quite usual.
be bring hero get find because his different though make voice star
3. ______we humans cannot understand their language, their actions and sounds can make audience burst into laughter.
happy close angry parent listen near make if long but important before
4. ______you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away.
2. 句子prep.或to do + n.或名词短语 / pron.
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟有人称代词宾格或名词（短语），则空格处应填一个介词或不定式。
例
1. The old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week ______them play football in the street at night. (see)
ever use after hold Italian woman on final two she take skating
2. Her victory(胜利) came ______years of trail following the 2010 Games.
练习
complain boss goal me rich winner where but fail quiet high without
1. If you want to stand out among people, there are no other choices ______hard work.
complain boss goal me rich winner
where but fail quiet high without
2. The first digger liked holding a spade(铁锹) ______doing anything but saying that he would become a boss in the future.
talk clear river past wash boy never it have strange something what
3. We were camping in a place above a river. After arriving, we all rushed down to the river ______a swim.
fight pollute whole easy kill serious few little become long use only
4. Many countries have made rules ______pollution.
make weather happen because floor day part year come need ground also
5. People cut down the trees because they wants to grow rice. They also wants to grow rubber trees ______rubber.
3. 句子to do +介词短语
此句式特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟着介词短语，则空格处只能填入不定式，此句式，填入动词受空后介词的约束。
例
he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France which
In early 1889, the first visitors had to climb hundreds of stairs ______to the top.
练习
photo with world why full didn’t tour feed touch how swim memorize
You don’t have to travel far ______with a dolphin. Dolphin swims are now possible in tourist areas and in cites.
4. 句子adv.
此结构的特点是：一个主干成分完整的句子之后，跟着一个空，则该空填入adv.。
例
One day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass______. (sad)
2. Eiffel hoped that people could go to the top of the tower______, so he asked Elisha Otis to design an elevator. (easy)
练习
1. So when the speaker needed the students’ reaction, he could see and call the listener’s name ______. (direct)
2. But when the king looked______, he found behind the waterfall a very small bush growing in the midst （在….中 ) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace. (close)
3. One day I asked her why she practiced so ______. (many)
dream either get good happy you many real sad see too woman
4. She was heartbroken and it made me feel bad ______.
come educational raise lie mean fail rise lonely make permission instead alone
5. I had the meanest mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and cookies for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich with lots of vegetables in it ______.
5. 句 adv.子
此结构的特点是：一个主干成分完整的句子之间，夹着一个空，则该空填adv.
例
1. “Then I told him to walk ______towards me. (slow)
2. It has ______become popular again through a series of movies made about him. (recent)
练习
1. The second digger always liked complaining about the long-time work and his low salary. The third liked ______working hard. (quiet)
2. You tasted the water while I tasted the gift. (simple)
3. If you ______want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you yourself can stop your dream. (real)
ever use after hold Italian woman on final two she take skating
4. I was in a very bad condition after the last Olympics, and I used to think of giving up. But the whole team support me, and my coach has ______given up on me.
5. It had been very difficult for me in the past four years, and this moment ______came.
6. 句子反身代词 或 句反身代词子
此结构成立的条件是：
1）句子主干成分完整；
2）空格前紧挨着pron. /n., 则空格处填入反身代词表强调；
例
If you really want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you ______can stop your dream. (you)
练习
1. After reading the story, we can understand that when we receive a chocolate as a gift from a child, we get more than the chocolate . (it)
2. Then they start off on the journey. The weather was hot but the plan went well with the traveler riding on the donkey and the owner ______following behind. (him)
he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France which
3. It's interesting that Eiffel ______lived in the tower where he had his own apartment.
7. adv.，句子
此句式的特点是: 空格+逗号+主干完整的句子，则空格处填adv.。
例
______, some people say it’s an old man, while others say it’s a young woman and an old farmer. (amazing)
练习
1.. Gratitude (感谢) doesn’t always come naturally._______, most children and many grown-ups like only the thing given rather than the expressions shown in it. (luck)
close do mean them lucky spell disappoint other think bad worry but
2. Some children cheat once and feel so bad that they never do it again. Others get caught and decide it isn’t worth it.______, some children start cheating and feel like they can’t stop.
their read have however different half make with it face same parent
3. ______, with e-books coming, printed books are no longer people’s first choice of reading.
8. it is + adj./ n. +(for sb) to do sth
此句型特点是：it is后面跟adj.或n.或名词短语，中间的for somebody可省略，则空格处填入不定式。
例
Is it necessary ______so many bags (use)
练习
1. If each of the questions in a math test had more than one answer, it would be quite a problem for teachers______.(check)
2. I would like to have friends who are like me. It is necessary ______the same. All my friends are funny and outgoing. (be)
9. ______and ______
此句式的特点是：空格出现在and的左边或右边，则and左或右填的词，词性和词形要保持一致。
例
1. We should remind ourselves and teach our children about the beauty of feelings and ______of gratitude. (feel)
2. He sadly walked away and _____ how to tell his mother about it. (think)
练习
1. She also wrote about her ______and school life. (hobby)
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence three
2. The young man asked for a chance. Finally the expert _____ and told the young man, “Be here tomorrow.”
3. On the ______, fourth, and fifth day the expert repeat the work.
talk clear river past wash boy never it have strange something strange
4. One day, we had supper early. We were sitting round the fire, eating and ______, when a man walked past and went down towards the river.
10. 句子， v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语 或 v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语，句子
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后，跟着一个逗号，逗号之后有一个空格，空格后跟着adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语，则该空填入V.-ing形式；反之，若空格+ adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语+逗号+句子，则空格处填入V.-ing形式。
例
Sometimes, however, I recceive a gift, ______me of the gifts in my life. (remind)
练习
1.______ down, he felt sorry for himself. (look)
understand what name with complain feel special against hear which celebrate before
2. Do you really care about your parents ______this question, most of us may give a quick answer "Of course, I do." But maybe you don't.
]all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine look real surprise these
3. Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students surprised was that all the cups on the table were different. Each of them took a cup and started drinking their own tea, ______at the others’ cups.
四、辨析易混淆结构 ★★★☆☆☆
在以上的很多固定结构中，有很多形似分不清，理还乱的句型公式，以致于造成分不清用不来的尴尬局面，为此我们深入研究和详细解释公式中易混淆的结构。
限定词. + +n. VS +n.(仅用一个词修饰该名词)
例 The/my _____ brother VS _____ brother
The _____ pollution VS _____ pollution
注意：限定词是指冠词，指示代词，物主代词等
情景1：当n.= 可数名词单数或不可数名词时
=adj；序数词；名词所有格(women’s, children’s ...) = adj.最高级；指示代词（this, that）; 形容词性的物主代词(my, her,your, his,...);名词所有格(Julie’s, Tom’s...)
例：A ___second___origin of American popular music is the Blues.
The boy was 1.7 meters tall when he just started his____third___ year at primary school．
With their __father’s___ help, Micheal and “The Jackson 5” started collecting trophies(奖 杯) at talent shows.
That was quite an ___important__ lesson for me.
反推： Sometimes I play a loud___song____on the piano
例：After he has adopted(领养) three girls, he stops being bad anymore and enjoys __his___ family life.
情景2：当n.= 可数名词复数时
=
例：though they are the most frequent users of e--books, they prefer to read printed books to __their___ children.
练习：
they pay hard energy happy thrill explain easy send one see noise
1. At the end of the _____ two weeks, the boys came to the old man’s house, went away each time happily with _____ 25 cents.
on never want bad young good bring with possible problem always new
2. His parents never thought he would do it, but three years later, Taylor made history as _____ person ever to produce fusion(熔化).
2.句子 ；句子; ,句子VS 句子, 句子; 句子(，) 句子
则=adv. = conj.
例 __adv.___ they start laughing; They start laughing__adv.___; They __adv.___start laughing.
VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them.
__conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.
解析adv. 为一个句子中的修饰词，去掉该词后整个句子在语法上是正确的； conj.是用来连接两个句子的，去掉之后两个句子在语法上不正确。
例 older people often teach proverbs to younger people.
You can change the size, shape or color of any part on the computer to see how the car would look and you can choose the best design.
练习
except sometimes bloom nice shower flower visit if sometime weather important go
1. _____ you are visiting these years, you need to know about it.
want on instead agree part-time but spend in until thousand make study
2. _____, they receive money from their parents.
feel like exam use face be tell speak necessary something as although
3. _____ he still isn’t at his original(原来的) level, Lin doesn’t fear anyone.
3. 句子 n./pron. VS 句子, 句子; 句子(，) 句子
则=prep., =conj.
例 He was born __prep.___ arms.VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them; __conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.
解析 prep.用来连接一个句子和名词，conj.用来连接两个句子。
例：The soldiers took every young man except the farmer’s son.
The news has excited many young Chinese, as it is China’s first stealth fighter.
练习
as close end get family large last over performance say tradition between
1. The program has received large audiences(观众), which have grown greatly _____ years.
follow hard now interest just someone everyone do other than first what
2. Misunderstandings happen if we don’t say correctly _____ we mean.
but close and meaning quiet broke awful heart in wonderful find well
3. Instead, he waited a moment, _____ his eyes and then continued playing.
五、综合应用固定结构判断词形 ★★★★☆☆
在具体的一篇十二选十中，我们需要结合句子成分知识和各种万能句型公式等综合知识来解决该类题目。
例
angry well song also relax think clean when finger medicine they while
I am a doctor. People often come to see me because they have colds or coughs. People
____1____come to see me because they are sad or nervous. Sometimes ___medicine___helps. But many doctors____thought___ that music can help people feel better. I asked a few of my patients(病人)how music helped them.
“Sometimes I was____4____when I was a child．My family said, “Play your feelings on the piano! ” Sometimes I play a loud____5____on the piano. Soon I feel calm(平静的）. I can laugh and cry through my____6____ on the piano. It’s natural for me. “It’s like breathing(呼吸).”
“Listening to music helps me feel____7_____. I like to listen to music and dance when I___am cleaning___my house.”
“I play the violin. I like playing at night____9____it is quiet. After playing I am tired and I am happy. I always sleep____better____after playing my violin．”
Are you a musician Good! Keep playing．If you are not a musician, listen to music and sing or dance. It’s good medicine．
解析
满足 句adv.子 的结构。缺副词，从12个备选词中筛选出副词和潜力副词，再根据意思，最终锁定 also.
4. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构，标志词是系动词be, 缺adj. 再结合意思， angry.
5. 满足 art.+adj.+n. 的结构，筛选出 名词song.
6. 形容词性物主代词+n. 结构，筛选出名词 fingers.
7. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构, 标志词是系动词，选形容词，结合意思，对relaxed适 当变形， relaxed.
9. 满足句子(，) 句子 的结构，选用conj. when.
例
age life as impress somewhere one go wear begin common become cross
T-shirt is 1.______ appeared at the __beginning__of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by sailors in the American navy under their uniforms. Over the next few decades more people began to wear them. In 1951, people 3.__were impressed___ deeply by the sight of Marlon Brando's white
T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Revel Without a Cause, T-shirts suddenly 4.___became__ cool. Young people _across__ American started wearing T-shirts 6._____ a symbol of their own rebellious (反叛的) feelings.
As the young people of James times got older, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have anything they wanted printed on them. There is nothing rebellious about 7.______ a T-shirt now, however. People of all 8._____ wear them. In fact, the T-shirt is probably 9. ______piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost 10._______and anytime.
解析
满足 句 ____子结构，再结合句意，T恤第一次出现在20世纪初，选first.
满足句子 ____ n. 结构， 筛选prep, 选择as.
prep+____, doing/n. 再结合句意，穿T恤。 填wearing.
限定词_____. 填n. ages.
______+n.(可数名词单数)， 再结合句意，填the most common.
_____ and ____ 结构，and 后谓anytime, 选择anywhere.
练习
1.
hide think control off fall laugh luck I trouble on possible right
“If you want to play basketball, get on the court,” shouted my gym teacher.
I jumped 1.________ onto the basketball court. 2. ________, I was the only girl. Always, girls 3.__are thought______ to be weak in basketball. Should I sit down Or should I show my moves to these boys With these things in mind, I took my place on the court.
The game was about to began when a boy shouted:“Girl, get 4. ________ the court. Basketball isn’t your game.” His words stuck in my mind. The coach blew his whistle, and game began. When I got the ball, I ran across the basketball court like a tornado(龙卷风) destroying a city…and I then 5. ________. There was so much 6. ________. I made a fool of 7. ________. I knew I had to do something to improve myself.
I went back in. I felt the pressure at once. I got the ball, dribbled it down the court and made a layup（带球上篮）. I did the same thing when I got the ball again. I was in 8. ________. By the end of the game, I had beaten just about every boy on that court.
I had done what had seemed 9. ________. Even though I felt like 10. ________ in the bathroom and never getting on the basketball court again. I proved everybody wrong. Just like the basketball, people tried to knock me down, but I stood right back up.
2.
but and cool bad one sport use develop hurt in follow with
What’s the coolest transportation for middle school students back from the winter holidays A racing bike A car No, it’s a special kind of shoe called Heelys(暴走鞋）. Heelys looks just like common 1__sport_____ shoes, but they have a wheel hidden in the heel. So instead of walking, kids can “fly” around 2_______ them. “Wearing Heelys is very fun. I do think it’s one of the 3_______ things,” said Wu Peng, a boy who wore them on his 4_______ day back at the No. 6 Middle Shool in Beijing. Wu Peng said he loves the shoes so much that he wears them wherever he goes. Sometimes he even 5__follows______ his parents’ car to the supermarket on his Heelys.
Other students think these are very cool, 6_________ some haven’t been so lucky with their Heelys. It is reported that some children have fallen down while 7_______ these shoes, and some 8_________.
“Heelys wheels are on the heels of the shoes, so it is easy to fall,” said Liu Rui, a doctor at the Hong Kong International Medical Clinic, Beijing. “What’s 9________,” Liu said, “Wearing Heelys for a long time could stop young people from 10________ their ankles(脚踝）and legs.”句型公式
教学目标：★★★★★☆ 学生能够通过快速辨认句型公式判断词形。
问题层级图
目标层级图
句型公式
教学目标：★★★★★☆ 学生能够通过快速辨认句型公式判断词形。
一、明确句型公式的必要性 ★☆☆☆☆☆
在选词填空（十二选十）这种题型中，结构是最重要的解题方法之一。懂得并熟练掌握句子的五大基本句型，分清句子的基本成分和修饰性成分以及他们所对应的词性是解决该类题的重要法宝。
例 Sometimes medicine helps.(句中缺主语)
But many doctors think that music can help people feel better.(主句中缺谓语)
Sometimes I was angry when I was a child.(句中缺表语)
但请类比以下例
People _______ come to see me.
Yet it was _______ the simple dream.
I had _____ mother in the world.
以上题目往往我们在操作时无法快速和熟练判断出句中所缺成分和对应词性，于是简单一步， 用我们的句型公式法立马搞定。
完整句子中有空格，则该空格为adv.
People ___also ___ come to see me.
Yet it was ___exactly___ the simple dream.
仅用一个词修饰+ n. (单数)
则该词为：
形容词最高级
形物词性的物主代词
名词所有格
指示代词单数（除不可数）等
I had the meanest mother in the world.
句型公式是通过总结出十二选十中一些典型固定结构从而帮助我们快速判断词性和词形，该方法是对通过五大句型，成分等判断词性方法的有效补充，是考试时解题的一种快速通道，但该方法基本可用，只针对有普遍规律的结构做典型总结，所以不可滥用，指望每一个句子可套用该方法，详细可分为通过句子中典型标志词判断空格处词性和词形，通过典型句式结构判断出空格处的词性和词形。详细内容请见下文。
二、通过标志词判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
冠词、名词类
art. +____n.____
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，而后又没有名词，那么所填空常为名词。
例
a book an hour the policemen
This is a book. I need an hour.
food he people see wear everything watch quick
The little boy looked hungry, cold and tired. He looked at the _____ for a few minutes and then went away.
练习
1. However, one of the ________near my house seems to use more of these bags than ever before. (shop)
2. It was already late when we started for the next town, which according to the _____ was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill. (map)
food he people see wear everything watch quick
3. Soon he found, in the valley bellow, the _____ of the town we were looking for.
拓展art. +____adj.____ + n.
此结构的特点是冠词后少空，后面再接一个名词，这种情况下空里常填的词语有形容词、序数词、名词所有格。
KEYS: 1. shops2. map3. lights
例
1. the beautiful girl the first person the Teachers’ Day
2. She is the first person to finish this task.
3. What's the real meaning of the word "peace" The ______ story may tell us something about it. (follow)
4. Unfortunately, the _________ government did not like the first design which Otis showed them, and they would not let him put the elevator in. (France)
opportunity use achieve me job quiet successful towards prepare treat care difference
5. The ________person, on the other hand, works little and just wait to see them pass by.
练习
Before the beginning of every lecture, I found an ____5____ phenomenon(现象). (interest)
By the time of the ________Championships and the German Bundesliga(德甲)in2024, Shi was a fan, especially of German clubs and players. (Europe)
3.
check China difficult easy farm forget little（a little） many other peace amazing serious
So, even the _____questions can have many answers.
KEYS: 1. interesting2. European 3. easiest
延伸：____仅用一个词修饰____ + n.
此结构的特点是名词前仅有一个词语修饰，此空经常的填法有形容词最高级、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词单数。同样，此结构的逆推结构 仅用一个词修饰+__ n. ___ 也是中考常考考点。
例
1. the coldest day my book
2. their advice this boy
3. I want to hear their advice.
4. She met this boy three years ago.
5. There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the _______ picture of peace. (good)
6. He had nearly finished his ________work. (day)
7. It is clear that in order to be highly qualified for our future________, we should make every possible preparation. (job)
dream either get good happy you many real sad see too woman
8. I like basketball and I want to be the ______ player in college.
come educational raise lie mean fail rise lonely wake permission instead alone
9. I had ________mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
10.Now you are rich, why not give yourself a much greater _____ by helping the poor man
拓展：如果adj.修饰复合不定代词，则必须为后置修饰。即 复合不定代词+ adj.
Would you think they were laughing at something ____that one of them said (fun)
练习
Although Eiffel designed the tower for people to visit, it was also for _________use. (science)
Working had is all ________shared experience for making their dreams come true. (winner)
3.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
You might think of 11, or some _____characters like “二” or “十”!
KEYS: 1. scientific 2. 3. Chinese
2．系动词类。
系动词+ adj.
中考12选10中常考的系动词包括look, feel, get, be这四类，系动词+adj.是常考考法。
例
1. look tired get excited
2. I feel relaxed when I’m with my family.
3. This did not look ______ at all. (peace)
4. There we felt ___________that we would find a bed for the night. (sure)
5. After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get ________. (worry)
understand happy stop care he think foot worry look good feel but
6. He decided not go home at once, if he looked _____, his other would notice.
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence
7. Several more days went by and the young man felt more and more ______.
they pay hard energy happy thrill explain easy send one see noise
8. An old man lived in a side street of a small town. Every day after supper, some children would play football in the street. The children were too _____ for the old man to have a good rest.
拓展：be动词后常跟adj.，但也存在be+ n./ pron./ adv. 做表语的情况；
“I told him Spiderman is ________ to save him. No one will hurt him now,” Mr. Smith said. (here)
练习
1. After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map, we were beginning to get ________. (worry)
2. He gave the boys only 10 cents. The boys were very 10 , but there was not much for them to do about it. (happy)
3.
somebody feel day successfully lie you pleasant discover careful lose instruction embarrass
“Let’s play a hoax on the man, we hide his shoes, hide ourselves and wait to see how embarrassed he would be when finds that his shoes are_____.
KEYS: 1. worried 2. unhappy 3. lost
3. 介词
此结构的特点是介词后填空，基本结构为 prep. + _____n./ pron./v-ing____ 12选10常考介词有of, in, with, like等。
例
1. She is fond of swimming.
2. Mike does well in math.
3. She included her Chinese address in the letter in the hope of_____ a reply. (receive)
4. After _________a conversation between the boy’s mother and his teachers about his love of superheroes, Mr. Smithhurried home to get his Spiderman clothes. (hear)
5. In ________ opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society.(me)
all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine other real surprise these
Life is like ______tea. (these)
练习
1. She included her Chinese address in the letter in the hope of _____ a reply. (receive)
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence
The expert didn't want to talk to him because he thought that the young man would be patient with _____. (learn)
KEYS: 1. receiving 2. learning
拓展： 在n./ pron.+ of n./ pron.即介词of前是名词或者代词，of后也应该填名词或者代词，反之亦然。
练习
1. You are all looking at each other's tea cups and ________of you even envy (羡慕) the finer(比较级) cups of others.(any)
KEYS: 1. some
三、通过结构判断词形 ★★☆☆☆☆
1. conj.句子, 句子 或 句子, conj.句子
此句式的特点是：两个句子中间是逗号时，需要用一个连词连接两个句子，连词可以位于第一个句子前，也可以位于第二个句子前。
例
one though herself them believe popular film even important interest choose role
1. Nina Dobrev is a young actress on the rise in Hollywood. She was born on January 9th, 1989. ______she was only 25 years old, she has gained international fame thanks to her role in the popular teen drama The Vampire Diaries(《吸血鬼日记》)
make weather happen because floor day but year come need ground also
2. There were thousands of different plants and animals in the forest, ______there is nothing. People cut down the trees, ______they want to grow rice.
KEYS：Though; but; because
练习
understand happy shop care he think foot worry look good feel but
1. He knew she would give him anything he liked if she could. ______he also knew that she had little money.
be paper sail spare much enjoy in many coin prefer while of
2. A hobby is an interesting way of spending your free time. There are so many different hobbies for different people to choose. Some hobbies are very popular, ______others are quite usual.
be bring hero get find because his different though make voice star
3. ______we humans cannot understand their language, their actions and sounds can make audience burst into laughter.
happy close angry parent listen near make if long but important before
4. ______you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away.
KEYS：But; while; Though; If
2. 句子prep.或to do + n.或名词短语 / pron.
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟有人称代词宾格或名词（短语），则空格处应填一个介词或不定式。
例
1. The old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week ______them play football in the street at night. (see)
ever use after hold Italian woman on final two she take skating
2. Her victory(胜利) came ______years of trail following the 2010 Games.
KEYS：after; to see
练习
complain boss goal me rich winner where but fail quiet high without
1. If you want to stand out among people, there are no other choices ______hard work.
complain boss goal me rich winner
where but fail quiet high without
2. The first digger liked holding a spade(铁锹) ______doing anything but saying that he would become a boss in the future.
talk clear river past wash boy never it have strange something what
3. We were camping in a place above a river. After arriving, we all rushed down to the river ______a swim.
fight pollute whole easy kill serious few little become long use only
4. Many countries have made rules ______pollution.
make weather happen because floor day part year come need ground also
5. People cut down the trees because they wants to grow rice. They also wants to grow rubber trees ______rubber.
KEYS：but; without; to have; to fight; to make
3. 句子to do +介词短语
此句式特点是：一个句子之后有一个空，空后跟着介词短语，则空格处只能填入不定式，此句式，填入动词受空后介词的约束。
例
he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France which
In early 1889, the first visitors had to climb hundreds of stairs ______to the top.
KEYS：to get;
练习
photo with world why full didn’t tour feed touch how swim memorize
You don’t have to travel far ______with a dolphin. Dolphin swims are now possible in tourist areas and in cites.
KEYS： to swim
4. 句子adv.
此结构的特点是：一个主干成分完整的句子之后，跟着一个空，则该空填入adv.。
例
One day before she graduated from high school, I saw her sitting on the grass______. (sad)
2. Eiffel hoped that people could go to the top of the tower______, so he asked Elisha Otis to design an elevator. (easy)
KEYS：sadly; easily
练习
1. So when the speaker needed the students’ reaction, he could see and call the listener’s name ______. (direct)
2. But when the king looked______, he found behind the waterfall a very small bush growing in the midst （在….中 ) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace. (close)
3. One day I asked her why she practiced so ______. (many)
dream either get good happy you many real sad see too woman
4. She was heartbroken and it made me feel bad ______.
come educational raise lie mean fail rise lonely make permission instead alone
5. I had the meanest mother in the world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and cookies for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich with lots of vegetables in it ______.
KEYS：directly; closely; much; too; instead
5. 句 adv.子
此结构的特点是：一个主干成分完整的句子之间，夹着一个空，则该空填adv.
例
1. “Then I told him to walk ______towards me. (slow)
2. It has ______become popular again through a series of movies made about him. (recent)
KEYS：slowly; recently
练习
1. The second digger always liked complaining about the long-time work and his low salary. The third liked ______working hard. (quiet)
2. You tasted the water while I tasted the gift. (simple)
3. If you ______want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you yourself can stop your dream. (real)
ever use after hold Italian woman on final two she take skating
4. I was in a very bad condition after the last Olympics, and I used to think of giving up. But the whole team support me, and my coach has ______given up on me.
5. It had been very difficult for me in the past four years, and this moment ______came.
KEYS：quietly; simply; really; never; finally
6. 句子反身代词 或 句反身代词子
此结构成立的条件是：
1）句子主干成分完整；
2）空格前紧挨着pron. /n., 则空格处填入反身代词表强调；
例
If you really want to play for the scholarship of a good college，nothing but you ______can stop your dream. (you)
KEYS：yourself;
练习
1. After reading the story, we can understand that when we receive a chocolate as a gift from a child, we get more than the chocolate . (it)
2. Then they start off on the journey. The weather was hot but the plan went well with the traveler riding on the donkey and the owner ______following behind. (him)
he build run easy get stand visit invent say science France which
3. It's interesting that Eiffel ______lived in the tower where he had his own apartment.
KEYS：itself; himself; itself
7. adv.，句子
此句式的特点是: 空格+逗号+主干完整的句子，则空格处填adv.。
例
______, some people say it’s an old man, while others say it’s a young woman and an old farmer. (amazing)
KEYS：Amazingly;
练习
1.. Gratitude (感谢) doesn’t always come naturally._______, most children and many grown-ups like only the thing given rather than the expressions shown in it. (luck)
close do mean them lucky spell disappoint other think bad worry but
2. Some children cheat once and feel so bad that they never do it again. Others get caught and decide it isn’t worth it.______, some children start cheating and feel like they can’t stop.
their read have however different half make with it face same parent
3. ______, with e-books coming, printed books are no longer people’s first choice of reading.
KEYS：unluckily; unluckily; however
8. it is + adj./ n. +(for sb) to do sth
此句型特点是：it is后面跟adj.或n.或名词短语，中间的for somebody可省略，则空格处填入不定式。
例
Is it necessary ______so many bags (use)
KEYS：to use;
练习
1. If each of the questions in a math test had more than one answer, it would be quite a problem for teachers______.(check)
2. I would like to have friends who are like me. It is necessary ______the same. All my friends are funny and outgoing. (be)
KEYS：to check; to be
9. ______and ______
此句式的特点是：空格出现在and的左边或右边，则and左或右填的词，词性和词形要保持一致。
例
1. We should remind ourselves and teach our children about the beauty of feelings and ______of gratitude. (feel)
2. He sadly walked away and _____ how to tell his mother about it. (think)
KEYS：feelings; thought
练习
1. She also wrote about her ______and school life. (hobby)
agree disappointing finish keep learn man nervous no longer quiet repeat silence three
2. The young man asked for a chance. Finally the expert _____ and told the young man, “Be here tomorrow.”
3. On the ______, fourth, and fifth day the expert repeat the work.
talk clear river past wash boy never it have strange something strange
4. One day, we had supper early. We were sitting round the fire, eating and ______, when a man walked past and went down towards the river.
KEYS：hobbies; agreed; third; talking
10. 句子， v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语 或 v.-ing + adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语，句子
此句式的特点是：一个句子之后，跟着一个逗号，逗号之后有一个空格，空格后跟着adv/ n./ pron. / 介词短语，则该空填入V.-ing形式；反之，若空格+ adv/ n./ pron./ 介词短语+逗号+句子，则空格处填入V.-ing形式。
例
Sometimes, however, I recceive a gift, ______me of the gifts in my life. (remind)
KEYS：reminding;
练习
1.______ down, he felt sorry for himself. (look)
understand what name with complain feel special against hear which celebrate before
2. Do you really care about your parents ______this question, most of us may give a quick answer "Of course, I do." But maybe you don't.
]all any behave difference drink eat enjoy fine look real surprise these
3. Once there was a teacher who took all his students for tea. What made the students surprised was that all the cups on the table were different. Each of them took a cup and started drinking their own tea, ______at the others’ cups.
KEYS：looking; hearing; looking
四、辨析易混淆结构 ★★★☆☆☆
在以上的很多固定结构中，有很多形似分不清，理还乱的句型公式，以致于造成分不清用不来的尴尬局面，为此我们深入研究和详细解释公式中易混淆的结构。
限定词. + +n. VS +n.(仅用一个词修饰该名词)
例 The/my _____ brother VS _____ brother
The _____ pollution VS _____ pollution
注意：限定词是指冠词，指示代词，物主代词等
情景1：当n.= 可数名词单数或不可数名词时
=adj；序数词；名词所有格(women’s, children’s ...) = adj.最高级；指示代词（this, that）; 形容词性的物主代词(my, her,your, his,...);名词所有格(Julie’s, Tom’s...)
例：A ___second___origin of American popular music is the Blues.
The boy was 1.7 meters tall when he just started his____third___ year at primary school．
With their __father’s___ help, Micheal and “The Jackson 5” started collecting trophies(奖 杯) at talent shows.
That was quite an ___important__ lesson for me.
反推： Sometimes I play a loud___song____on the piano
例：After he has adopted(领养) three girls, he stops being bad anymore and enjoys __his___ family life.
情景2：当n.= 可数名词复数时
=
例：though they are the most frequent users of e--books, they prefer to read printed books to __their___ children.
练习：
they pay hard energy happy thrill explain easy send one see noise
1. At the end of the _____ two weeks, the boys came to the old man’s house, went away each time happily with _____ 25 cents.
on never want bad young good bring with possible problem always new
2. His parents never thought he would do it, but three years later, Taylor made history as _____ person ever to produce fusion(熔化).
keys：first, their, the youngest
2.句子 ；句子; ,句子VS 句子, 句子; 句子(，) 句子
则=adv. = conj.
例 __adv.___ they start laughing; They start laughing__adv.___; They __adv.___start laughing.
VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them.
__conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.
解析adv. 为一个句子中的修饰词，去掉该词后整个句子在语法上是正确的； conj.是用来连接两个句子的，去掉之后两个句子在语法上不正确。
例 older people often teach proverbs to younger people.
You can change the size, shape or color of any part on the computer to see how the car would look and you can choose the best design.
练习
except sometimes bloom nice shower flower visit if sometime weather important go
1. _____ you are visiting these years, you need to know about it.
want on instead agree part-time but spend in until thousand make study
2. _____, they receive money from their parents.
feel like exam use face be tell speak necessary something as although
3. _____ he still isn’t at his original(原来的) level, Lin doesn’t fear anyone.
Keys: If，Instead，Although
3. 句子 n./pron. VS 句子, 句子; 句子(，) 句子
则=prep., =conj.
例 He was born __prep.___ arms.VS Kids may like some sports __conj.____ they see how people do them; __conj.____ they see how people do them, kids may like some sports.
解析 prep.用来连接一个句子和名词，conj.用来连接两个句子。
例：The soldiers took every young man except the farmer’s son.
The news has excited many young Chinese, as it is China’s first stealth fighter.
练习
as close end get family large last over performance say tradition between
1. The program has received large audiences(观众), which have grown greatly _____ years.
follow hard now interest just someone everyone do other than first what
2. Misunderstandings happen if we don’t say correctly _____ we mean.
but close and meaning quiet broke awful heart in wonderful find well
3. Instead, he waited a moment, _____ his eyes and then continued playing.
Keys： over, what, but
五、综合应用固定结构判断词形 ★★★★☆☆
在具体的一篇十二选十中，我们需要结合句子成分知识和各种万能句型公式等综合知识来解决该类题目。
例
angry well song also relax think clean when finger medicine they while
I am a doctor. People often come to see me because they have colds or coughs. People
____1____come to see me because they are sad or nervous. Sometimes ___medicine___helps. But many doctors____thought___ that music can help people feel better. I asked a few of my patients(病人)how music helped them.
“Sometimes I was____4____when I was a child．My family said, “Play your feelings on the piano! ” Sometimes I play a loud____5____on the piano. Soon I feel calm(平静的）. I can laugh and cry through my____6____ on the piano. It’s natural for me. “It’s like breathing(呼吸).”
“Listening to music helps me feel____7_____. I like to listen to music and dance when I___am cleaning___my house.”
“I play the violin. I like playing at night____9____it is quiet. After playing I am tired and I am happy. I always sleep____better____after playing my violin．”
Are you a musician Good! Keep playing．If you are not a musician, listen to music and sing or dance. It’s good medicine．
解析
满足 句adv.子 的结构。缺副词，从12个备选词中筛选出副词和潜力副词，再根据意思，最终锁定 also.
4. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构，标志词是系动词be, 缺adj. 再结合意思， angry.
5. 满足 art.+adj.+n. 的结构，筛选出 名词song.
6. 形容词性物主代词+n. 结构，筛选出名词 fingers.
7. 满足 系动词 +adj. 的结构, 标志词是系动词，选形容词，结合意思，对relaxed适 当变形， relaxed.
9. 满足句子(，) 句子 的结构，选用conj. when.
例
age life as impress somewhere one go wear begin common become cross
T-shirt is 1.______ appeared at the __beginning__of the 20th century. In the early 1900s, they were worn by sailors in the American navy under their uniforms. Over the next few decades more people began to wear them. In 1951, people 3.__were impressed___ deeply by the sight of Marlon Brando's white
T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Revel Without a Cause, T-shirts suddenly 4.___became__ cool. Young people _across__ American started wearing T-shirts 6._____ a symbol of their own rebellious (反叛的) feelings.
As the young people of James times got older, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have anything they wanted printed on them. There is nothing rebellious about 7.______ a T-shirt now, however. People of all 8._____ wear them. In fact, the T-shirt is probably 9. ______piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost 10._______and anytime.
解析
满足 句 ____子结构，再结合句意，T恤第一次出现在20世纪初，选first.
满足句子 ____ n. 结构， 筛选prep, 选择as.
prep+____, doing/n. 再结合句意，穿T恤。 填wearing.
限定词_____. 填n. ages.
______+n.(可数名词单数)， 再结合句意，填the most common.
_____ and ____ 结构，and 后谓anytime, 选择anywhere.
练习
1.
hide think control off fall laugh luck I trouble on possible right
“If you want to play basketball, get on the court,” shouted my gym teacher.
I jumped 1.________ onto the basketball court. 2. ________, I was the only girl. Always, girls 3.__are thought______ to be weak in basketball. Should I sit down Or should I show my moves to these boys With these things in mind, I took my place on the court.
The game was about to began when a boy shouted:“Girl, get 4. ________ the court. Basketball isn’t your game.” His words stuck in my mind. The coach blew his whistle, and game began. When I got the ball, I ran across the basketball court like a tornado(龙卷风) destroying a city…and I then 5. ________. There was so much 6. ________. I made a fool of 7. ________. I knew I had to do something to improve myself.
I went back in. I felt the pressure at once. I got the ball, dribbled it down the court and made a layup（带球上篮）. I did the same thing when I got the ball again. I was in 8. ________. By the end of the game, I had beaten just about every boy on that court.
I had done what had seemed 9. ________. Even though I felt like 10. ________ in the bathroom and never getting on the basketball court again. I proved everybody wrong. Just like the basketball, people tried to knock me down, but I stood right back up.
KEYS: 1. right 2.unluckily 4.off 5.fell 6. laughter 7.myself 8.control 9.impossible 10. hiding
2.
but and cool bad one sport use develop hurt in follow with
What’s the coolest transportation for middle school students back from the winter holidays A racing bike A car No, it’s a special kind of shoe called Heelys(暴走鞋）. Heelys looks just like common 1__sport_____ shoes, but they have a wheel hidden in the heel. So instead of walking, kids can “fly” around 2_______ them. “Wearing Heelys is very fun. I do think it’s one of the 3_______ things,” said Wu Peng, a boy who wore them on his 4_______ day back at the No. 6 Middle Shool in Beijing. Wu Peng said he loves the shoes so much that he wears them wherever he goes. Sometimes he even 5__follows______ his parents’ car to the supermarket on his Heelys.
Other students think these are very cool, 6_________ some haven’t been so lucky with their Heelys. It is reported that some children have fallen down while 7_______ these shoes, and some 8_________.
“Heelys wheels are on the heels of the shoes, so it is easy to fall,” said Liu Rui, a doctor at the Hong Kong International Medical Clinic, Beijing. “What’s 9________,” Liu said, “Wearing Heelys for a long time could stop young people from 10________ their ankles(脚踝）and legs.”
KEYS: 2. in 3. coolest 4. first 6. but 7. using 8. have been hurt 9. worse 10. developing
