2025新人教版七年级英语下册unit 4单元知识清单
语音知识
1. 字母组合o; oa; oo; ou; ow的发音
o 在重读开音节中,通常发/ / phone, go, those, hope
在重读闭音节中,发/ / / / / / hot, clock, soft, lost
/ / come, some, love, mother
oa 通常发/ / coat, road, boat, goat
oo 通常发/u:/,有时也可发/ / /u:/ food, school, cool, room
/ / look, book, good, foot
ou 通常发/a / about, mouth, house, found
ow 通常发/ /,有时也可发/au/ / / know, snow, show, low
/a / down, now, brown, how
2. 选择疑问句语调
选择疑问句的语调通常是前升后降。例如:
语法知识
选择疑问句
概念:选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况,问对方选择哪一种选择项用or连接。选择疑问句不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答。朗读时or前面部分用升调,后面部分用降调。
一般疑问句形式的选择疑问句结构:
一般疑问句 +or+另一选择项
例 Is he thin or fat 他是瘦还是胖
特殊疑问句形式的选择疑问句结构:
特殊疑问句,选择项 A+or+选择项 B
特殊疑问句,选择项 A,选择项 B+or+ 选择项 C
例Which season do you like better, summer or winter 夏天和冬天你更喜欢哪个季节
二、可数名词与不可数名词
概念:名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词:是指可以计数的名词,即其数量可以是有限的或无限的,通常可以用数目词来表示,有单数和复数两种形式。
可数名词规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 词尾加-s cup→cups, friend→friends, banana→bananas
以s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词 词尾加-es class→classes, box→boxes, watch→watches, wish→wishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es dictionary→dictionaries, family→families
以f或fe结尾的词 把f/fe变为v,再加-es knife →knives
以o结尾的词 有生命,词尾加-es tomato →tomatoes, potato →potatoes
无生命,词尾加-s radio →radios, photo →photos
可数名词不规则变化
单复数同形 deer —— deer, Chinese —— Chinese, sheep —— sheep
单复数不同形 child —— children, woman —— women, man —— men, tooth —— teeth, foot —— feet
不可数名词:不可数名词是指无法具体计算出数量,无法用数目来表示的名词。它们通常表示抽象概念、物质、情感等。
一般没有复数形式。
不能用不定冠词a/an或指示代词this, that, these, those或数词one, two, three等修饰,但可用定冠词the或some或lots of/a lot of(许多)来修饰。
不可数名词的数量要借助"基数词 + 表示量的名词 + of"短语表达,如three pieces of bread (三块面包),two glasses of milk (两杯牛奶)等。
作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
用代词指代不可数名词时,用单数it,不用复数they或them。
重点词句
Section A
考点1:beef and carrot dumplings. 牛肉胡萝卜饺子(教材第26页,1b)
【详解】
beef和carrot在此作定语,修饰dumplings。
当一个名词在另一个名词前充当定语时,起修饰作用的名词通常用单数形式。
an apple tree 一棵苹果树
【注意】如果 man 和 woman 作定语修饰另一个名词,当变复数时,man 和woman 及其修饰的名词都要变成复数。
A man doctor talks to two women nurses.
一个男医生和两个女护士说话。
考点2:What do you usually have for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner 你的早餐、午餐、晚餐通常吃些什么?(教材第26页,1d)
【详解】
What do/does sb have for+某餐 某人某餐吃什么
回答时常用“Sb have/has...( for breakfast/lunch/dinner).”或直接回答吃喝的食物。
介词 for 与一日三餐名称搭配使用时,表示“当作”。
考点3:..., but it may taste different here. ...,但在这里的味道可能不一样。(教材第27页,2a)
【详解】
taste
①〔名词〕味道 形容词形式为 tasty,意为“美味的;可口的”
It has a sweet taste. 它有一股甜味。
②〔动词〕尝,品尝
Please taste the food.请尝尝这种食物。
③〔连系动词〕有……味道 后接形容词作表语。
The salad tastes very delicious.这沙拉尝起来很可口。
【拓展】常用的连系动词有feel(感到摸起来), sound(听起来), smell(有…的气味), look(看起来),get(变得),become(变得)。
考点4:Choice for the family meal家庭餐的选择 (教材第28页, 2b)
【详解】
choice 〔名词〕选择
make a choice 做出选择
have no choice but to do sth 除了做某事外别无选择
We each have to make a choice.
我们每个人都得做出选择。
【拓展】choose〔动词〕选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事
Jack chooses to go to Tianjin by train.
杰克选择乘火车去天津。
meal〔可数名词〕一餐所吃的食物
have/eat a meal 吃饭
make/cook a meal 做饭
go(out)for a meal 出去吃饭
There are three meals in a day here. 这里一日有三餐。
考点5:Do you serve fish 你吃鱼吗?(教材第29页,3b)
【详解】(1) serve〔可数名词〕提供;服务
serve sb 服务某人
serve sth to sb= serve sb(with) sth用某物招待某人
She serves coffee to her friend.
She serves her friend (with) coffee.
她用咖啡招待她的朋友。
【拓展】service〔名词〕服务;接待;侍候
The service in that hotel is good. 那家宾馆的服务很好。
(2) fish〔可数名词〕提供;服务
①〔不可数名词〕鱼肉
I like eating fish. 我喜欢吃鱼肉。
②〔可数名词〕鱼
表示数量时单复数同形;表示种类时其复数要加 -es
I have three fish at home. 我家里有三条鱼。
③〔动词〕钓鱼 go fishing 去钓鱼
My father is fishing. 我父亲正在钓鱼。
考点6:...or rice to go with your chicken 还是用米饭和鸡肉一起吃?(教材第29页,3b)
【详解】go with
① 搭配;相配 其中动词 go 意为“(味道、颜色、风格等)相称,相配”。
Does tomato soup go with grilled cheese sandwiches
番茄汤和烤奶酪三明治相配吗
This blouse goes well with that skirt.
这件上衣和那条裙子很相配。
② 和……-起去
I want to go shopping. Will you go with me 我想去购物,你和我一起去好吗
考点7:I love juice, but my mum says that it's not good to drink too much of it. 我喜欢果汁,但我妈妈说喝太多也不好。(教材第29页,3c)
【拓展】 辨析too much, much too和too many
too much 用法相当于代词时,可用作动词的宾语 用法相当于形容词时,常修饰不可数名词,置于名词前 用法相当于副词,修饰动词时置于动词后
much too 副词短语,修饰形容词或副词原级,表示程度
too many 形容词短语,修饰可数名词复数
There is too much water in the cup.(杯子里有太多水了。)
This pair of shoes is much too small for me.(这双鞋对我来说太小了。)
He has too many books to carry.(他有太多书要搬了。 )
考点8: Now I try to drink more water and milk. 现在我想喝更多的水和牛奶。(教材第29页,3c)
【拓展】 辨析too much, much too和too many
try to do sth 尽力/设法做某事 表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出一定的努力设法去完成
try doing sth 表示一种尝试、做做看的想尝试做某事法,不一定付出很多努力
The doctor tried to save the patient's life.(医生尽力挽救病人的生命。)
You can try adding some sugar to the coffee; maybe it will taste better.
(你可以试着往咖啡里加点糖,也许味道会更好。)
Section B
考点1:Improve Your Eating Habits. 改善你的饮食习惯。(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】(1)improve
①〔及物动词〕改进;改善
I need to improve my English.我需要提高我的英语水平。
②〔不及物动词〕改进;提高;康复
The doctor says he is improving.
医生说他正在康复。
【拓展】 improvement〔名词〕改进;提高
(2)habit 〔可数名词〕习惯
eating habits 饮食习惯
a good habit 好习惯
have a habit of...有…的习惯
Reading is a good habit.阅读是一个好习惯
Different people have different eating habits.不同的人有不同的饮食习惯。
考点2:That makes us put on weight. 这让我们增重。(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】(1) put on
① 增加(体重);发胖
She doesn't want to put on weigh.她不想增加体重。
②穿上;戴上
Put on your coat, please.请穿上外套
③ 上演;举办
The children put on a play on Children's Day every year.这些孩子每年在儿童节都上演戏剧
(2) weight 〔名词〕体重;重量
weight 的动词形式是 weigh,意为“重…”
put on weight 增重
the weight of..…的重量
in weight 在重量方面
考点3:Eating fast food like pizza and hamburgers too often may cause heart problems later.经常吃像披萨和汉堡包这样的快餐可能会导致心脏问题。(教材第30页,1b)
【解析】 cause
①〔及物动词〕造成;导致;引起
cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事
Do you know what caused the fire 你知道是什么引起这场火灾的吗
②〔名词〕原因;起因
the cause of...……的原因
What is the cause of the fire 造成这场火灾的原因是什么
考点4:Maybe they don't feel hungry in the morning, or they are too busy to eat anything.也许他们早上不饿,或者他们太忙了,什么都吃不下。(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】too..to 太……以至于不能
表示否定意义。too后跟形容词或副词, to 后跟动词原形。
The boy is too young to go to school. 这个男孩太小了以至于不能去上学。
【拓展】too...to 可与 not...enough to 进行转换。
The room is too small to hold 200 people.
= The room is not big enough to hold 200 people.
这个房间太小,容纳不下 200人。
考点5:If you cook your own meals instead you can make healthy balanced meals.如果你自己做饭,你就可以做出健康平衡的食物。(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】(1) cook
①〔动词〕烹饪;煮;烧
cook sb sth = cook sth for sb
为某人烹饪某物
My father often cooks us fish.= My father often cooks fish for us.
我爸爸经常为我们做鱼。
②〔可数名词〕厨师
I want to be a cook when I grow up.我长大后想当一名厨师。
【拓展】cooker〔可数名词〕厨灶;炉具
The cook is cooking with the cooker. 厨师正在用厨灶做饭。
(2)balanced 〔形容词〕均衡的;平衡的
a balanced diet 均衡饮食
It's important to keep a balanced diet.
保持均衡饮食很重要。
【拓展】balance〔名词〕平衡,平稳
keep...in balance 使……保持平衡
考点6:It is easy to feel sleepy and find it hard to focus on our work or studies if we don't eat breakfast.如果我们不吃早餐,我们很容易感到困倦,也很难专注于工作或学习。(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】(1) sleepy〔形容词〕困倦的;想睡的
可在句中作表语或定语。
After lunch , I often feel very sleepy.
午饭后,我常感到很困。
【拓展】sleep〔不及物动词&名词〕睡觉
Sleep early and get up early. 早睡早起。
(2) find it+形容词+to do sth 发现做某事
it在本结构中作形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的动词不定式短语 to do sth,形容词在句中作宾语补足语。有时不定式前可以带有一个由介词 for 引出的逻辑主语。
They find it hard to get there on time.他们发现很难按时到达那里
考点7:When you want a snack, why don't you have some fruit instead 当你想要吃点零食时,为什么不吃点水果呢?(教材第30页,1b)
【详解】Why don't you do sth 你(们)为什么不做某事呢
此句型常用来表示建议相当于“Why not do sth ”。肯定回答常用“Good idea./ All right./ Sounds good.”等否定回答常用“Sorry, but.../ I'm afraid.../Sorry, I can't.”等。
Why don't you go swimming with me =Why not go swimming with me
你为什么不跟我一起去游泳呢
【拓展】其他表示建议的句型:
① What/ How about doing.. 做…怎么样
② Let's do.. 我们做……吧。
③ Would you like to do.. 你想要做……吗
考点8:hard to focus 很难集中(教材第31页,1b )
【详解】hard
①〔形容词〕困难的;费力的
That's a hard question. 那是个很难的问题。
②〔形容词〕坚硬的(反义词:soft)
The stone is too hard.这块石头太硬了。
③〔副词〕努力地;辛苦地
You can learn a lot only by working hard.只有通过努力学习你才能学到很多。
④〔副词〕大量地;沉重地
此时相当于 heavily。
It's raining hard. 雨正下得很大。
考点9:Do you think the poor eating habits in the article are common among young people 完成作业后你可以放松一下。(教材第14页.1b)
【拓展】 辨析among 与 between
among 在……之中 一般指在三者或三者以上之中。 宾语可以是复数名词或表示概念的代词,也可以是集合名词
between 在……之间 一般指在两者之间 宾语常是表示两者的名词或代词 between...and...意为 “在……和……之间”。
among[介词]……之一
Shanghai is among the largest cities in China.
上海是中国最大的城市之一。
书面表达
一、写作主题
饮食习惯 eating habits
二、主题分析
主要介绍了三餐吃的食物以及饮食习惯,与此相关的写作涉及以下几个方面:①介绍某人的饮食习惯;②针对某人的饮食习惯做出评价,并就如何健度食给出建议;③制订健康饮食菜谱并说明原因。
三、写作必备词汇、短语
1.食物/饮品
fruit and vegetables 水果和蔬菜
sugar 糖
milk 牛奶
junk food 垃圾食品
hamburger汉堡
egg鸡蛋
cola 可乐
ice cream冰激凌
soft drink 软饮料
2.影响
healthy/unhealthy健康的/不健康的
put on weight 增重/发胖
be bad for对…有害
cause tooth problems造成牙齿问题
stay healthy保持健康
be good for对…有好处
be importantfor对……很重要
feel sleepy 感到困倦
3.建议
keep/have a balanced diet均衡饮食
drink more water 多喝水
pay attention to注意
cook your own meals 自己做饭
improve eating habits 改善饮食习惯
drink milk instead ofcola 喝牛奶代替喝可乐
avoid(eating)fast food 避免吃快餐
四、句式要点
1. 开头句
Many middle school students have problems with their diet.许多中学生在饮食方面存在问题Some students don't know the importance of a balanced diet. 一些学生不知道均衡饮食的重要性。
中间句
Drinking too many soft drinks can cause tooth problems.喝太多软饮料会导致牙齿问题。
Eating too much junk food is bad for their health and can cause heart problems.吃太多垃圾食品对他们的健康有害,并且会引起心脏问题。
To eat healthily,they should...为了健康饮食,他们应该…
...is bad for their health.……对他们的健康有害。
It's better to...……会更好。
结尾句
Hope all middle school students can have a healthy diet. 希望所有中学生都能有健康的饮食
It's time for them to change their eating habits.对他们来说,是时候改变饮食习惯了。
Let'skeep ahealthy diet!让我们保持健康饮食!
五、写作实例
根据下面要点提示中列举的部分中学生的饮食现状,以“How to eat healthily”为题,写一篇不少于 100 词的短文,要求条理清晰,语句通顺。
要点提示:1.饮食不均衡
2.经常吃垃圾食品;
3.经常喝软饮料。
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【思路点拨】
【经典范文】
How to eat healthily
Nowadays, many middle school students have some bad eating habits. Some like eating junk food. Others drink soft drinks like cola and juice too often. Sometimes they go to school without having breakfast. That's bad for their health.
To eat healthily, first, they should have a balanced diet and avoid junk food. It's good to eat all kinds of fruit and vegetables. Second, drinking too many soft drinks can cause tooth problems, so they should drink more water. Third, students should have three meals a day and eat on time. If they don't eat breakfast before going to school, they will find it easy to feel hungry and sleepy.
In a word, healthy eating is important for a healthy body and mind. Let's keep a healthy diet.
【亮点点评】
①通过 “Some... Others...” 的结构,具体地描绘了中学生存在的不同不良饮食习惯。
②“It's good to...”“be bad for”“be important for” 句式简单实用,阐述了饮食健康的好处或重要性的好处,简洁明了地传达了健康饮食的要点。
③通过 “If... they will...” 的假设句式,生动地说明了不吃早餐可能带来的不良后果,即容易感到饥饿和困倦,让读者更能意识到按时吃早餐的重要性,增强了建议的说服力。
④最后 “Let's keep a healthy diet.” 以祈使句的形式发出呼吁,增强了文章的感染力和号召力,使读者更容易产生共鸣,从而关注健康饮食问题。
六、实战演练
“人间烟火气,最抚凡人心。”从手到口,从口到心,中国人延续着对世界和人生特有的感知方式。或地方特色,或家常便饭,只要端起碗筷,总有一道美食触动了你的味蕾。请以“My Favourite food”(主题:人与自我)为题分享一下你和美食之间(人称:第一人称)的故事吧。(时态:一般现在时)
要点提示:
1.介绍你最喜欢的食物;
2.谈谈喜欢这种食物的原因;
3.与这种食物相关的感受。
注意:
1.词数70左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
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Step 1谋篇布局指导
第一部分:点明自己最喜欢的食物
①Everyone has their own favourite food. ②My favourite food is… ③Some people like…, while others…
第二部分:详细介绍喜欢这种食物的原因
①I like it because… ②I like it not only because… but also because… ③I like it not because… but because…
第三部分:分享这种食物带来的感受
①I really like… ②It is a wonderful time to…
Step 2高阶表达应用
1.Some people like to eat meat. Some people like to eat vegetables.(用适当的连词合并成一句话)
2.I like it because it is so delicious. I like it because it brings me wonderful memories.(用not only… but also…连成一句话)
Step 3佳作展示评析
3.
【答案】1.Some people like to eat meat, while others like to eat vegetables. 2.I like it not only because it is so delicious, but also because it brings me wonderful memories. 3.例文
My favourite food
Everyone has their own favourite food. Some people like to eat meat, while others① like to eat vegetables. But my favourite food is the steamed egg.
I like it not only because it is so delicious, but also② because it brings me wonderful memories. When I see it on the table③, its colour and smell make me feel good.
My mum likes making steamed eggs for me every morning. It is a wonderful thing to④ have breakfast together with my family.
【解析】1.句意:有些人喜欢吃肉。有些人喜欢吃蔬菜。分析句子可知,前后句为对比关系,可用while“而,然而”连接。故填Some people like to eat meat, while others like to eat vegetables.
2.句意:我喜欢它,因为它是如此美味。我喜欢它,因为它带给我美好的回忆。用not only...but also连接,即“我喜欢它不仅因为它很好吃,而且因为它给我带来了美好的回忆”。故填I like it not only because it is so delicious, but also because it brings me wonderful memories.
3.[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已经给出,考生注意不要遗漏要点;注意适当发挥,完善表述内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步,点明自己最喜欢的食物是什么;
第二步,详细介绍喜欢这种食物的原因;
第三步,分享这种食物带来的感受。
[亮点词汇]
①like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
②make sth. for sb. 给某人制作某物
③have breakfast 吃早餐
[高分句型]
①I like it not only because it is so delicious, but also because it brings me wonderful memories. (not only...but also连接的并列句)
②When I see it on the table, its colour and smell make me feel good.(when引导的时间状语从句)