2025人教版八年级英语下册unit 2单元知识清单
Section A
基础知识清单
Words 1.volunteer(n.)志愿者 2.sign(n.)标志,信号 3.notice(v.)注意到(n.)通告,通知,注意 4.lonely(adj.)孤独的--alone(adv.)独自 5.several(pron.)几个,一些 6.journey(n.)旅行 7.strong(adj.)强壮的,强烈的--strength(n.)强度 8.feeling(n.)感觉--feel(v.)感到 9.satisfaction(n.)满意,满足--satisfy(v.)使。。。满意--satisfied(adj.)满意的 10.raise(v.)募集 11.joy(n.)愉悦--joyful(adj.)愉悦的--enjoy(v.)享受 12.owner(n.)主人--own(v.)拥有 13.midnight(n.)午夜
词形变化 1:clean. adj.干净的,整洁的→clean. v.清理,打扫 2:cheer. v.欢呼,喝彩→cheerful. adj.高兴的,兴高采烈的 3:volunteer. n.自愿者→volunteer. v.义务做,自愿做→volunteering. n.自愿者服务 4:sign. n.标志,信号→signal. n.信号 5:notice. n.通知,通告,通知→notice. v. 注意到,意识到 6:use. n/v.使用,用途→useful. adj.有用的→useless. adj.无用的,没有用途的 7:lonely. adj.孤独的,寂寞的→loneliness. n.孤独,寂寞 8: care. n关心,关爱→care. v关心,关爱→careful. adj小心的,细心的→carefully. adv.小心地,细心地→careless. adj粗心的,不小心的→carelessly. adv粗心地,不仔细地→carelessness. n粗心,大意 9:strong. adj.强烈的,强壮的→strongly. adv.强烈地 10:feeling. n.感觉,感触→feel. v.感受,感触 11:satisfaction. n.满足感,满意→satisfy. v.使…..感到满意,满足→satisfied. adj.(人)感到满意的,满足的→satisfactory. adj.(令人)感到满意的 12:joy. n.高兴,愉快→joyful. adj.愉快的,愉悦的 13:owner. n.主人,物主→own. v.拥有→own. Adj.自己的
Phrases 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to do sth. 曾经,过去做…… 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. be / arrive late for… 迟到 7. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 8. cheer up (使)变得更高兴; 振奋起来 9. give out=hand out 分发;散发 e up with 想出;提出 11. make a plan 制订计划 12. make some notices 做些公告牌 13. give up doing sth. 放弃做… 14. try out 试用; 参加选拔 15. several hours each week 每周几小时 16. want to be an animal doctor 想成为兽医 17. work for 为…工作;为…. 效力 18. volunteer to do sth. 志愿(有义务)做某事 19. future dream job 未来梦想的职业 20. put up 搭建;举起;张贴 21. how to care for animal 如何照顾动物 22. such a strong feeling of satisfaction 一种极强的满足感 23. hand sth. to sb. = hand sb. sth. 把…递交给… 24. the look of joy on their owners’ faces 在他们主人脸上愉快的表情 25. a book lover 书迷;书籍爱好者 26. read by oneself 自己看书 27. at the age of 4 = when sb. was 4 years old 在…四岁时 28. see in their eyes 在他们的眼中 29. go on a different journey with each new book 借助每一本新书进行不同的旅行 e true 实现
Sentences 1.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 这个女孩在医院看望了患病的孩子们 2.The girl could volunteer in an after school study program to teach kids. 这个女孩能自愿加入课后计划组织去教孩子们。 3.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up. 我们需要制定一个计划去告诉人们有关市公园清洁日。need to do sth需要干什么 4.Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t put off making a plan. 清洁日距现在只有两周,我们不能推迟计划。 5.We could put up signs.我们可以张贴标语。 6.Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll hand them out after school. 让咱们制作一些通知。然后放学后分发它们。 7.We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come. 我们每人可以给10个同学打电话并叫他们来。 8.I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer. 这个夏天我正制定计划去敬老院工作。 9.What did they ask you to help out with 他们叫你帮助什么? 10.but I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 我想了解更多照料动物的知识。(特殊疑问词how + to do作about宾语) 11.I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.当我看到动物更健康和主人脸上高兴的笑容时,我就有这样一种强烈的满足感。 12.She could read by herself at the age of four.=when she was four years old. 当她四岁时就独自会看书了。 13.she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. 她决定参加课后阅读计划自愿者竞赛。 14.The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book. 孩子们虽然坐在图书馆里,但是从他们的眼神中你能明白他们将在每本新书中不同的旅行。 15.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. 这儿的自愿服务工作多我来说已是梦想成真。
Grammar 动词不定式
知识点清单
知识点①:cheer v. 欢呼;喝彩
cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋起来;cheer up既可作及物动词短语,也可作不及物动词短语。同其他动副短语一样,代词作宾语时应放中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来!这消息不是太坏。
He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴起来,他带她去了电影院。
【知识拓展】
(1)cheer作不及物动词,意为"欢呼;喝彩"。 The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时,女孩子们为之欢呼。 (2)cheer作及物动词,意为"为……欢呼,高呼"。 The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。 (3)cheer作可数名词,意为"欢呼声;喝彩声"。常用口语:Cheers! 干杯! We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
知识点②:volunteer的用法
【知识详解 】
(1)volunteer作动词,意为“义务做,自愿做”,可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,常用于如下结构:volunteer to do sth/volunteer for sth.自愿做某事。
(2)volunteer还可以作名词,意为“志愿者”。
【例句】
She volunteered to teach in the school.她自愿在学校教书。
He volunteered for the army.他自愿参军。
He works as a volunteer in the park.他在公园里当志愿者干活。
知识点③:care
care v.关心;担忧;照顾;喜爱;在乎 n.小心;注意;照料
(1)care for "照顾,照料"=look after=take care of
(2) care for 还可意为“非常喜欢”,通常用于否定句或疑问句中
I don't care for basketball.
(3)care about “关心;在意”
Your father truly cares about you.
Careful 和careless
careful是形容词,可用在系动词后作表语,也可用在名词前作定语。口语中提醒别人要小心时常用be careful,意为"当心;小心"。
Be careful--the floor's slippery.小心地板很滑。
careless adj.“粗心的;不小心的”,反义词为careful
固定搭配
be careful about/of...对.....小心
②be careful to do sth,小心做某事
知识点④:give out分发;散发
give out作"分发"讲时与hand out同义。其后接代词作宾语时,放在两词中间。
Here are some new papers. Give them out. 这儿有些新试卷,把它们发下去吧。
【知识拓展】
(1)give out还可意为"用完;耗尽",为不及物动词短语,主语是被用光、耗尽之物。 Our food will give out. 我们的食物要吃完了。 (2)give out意为"发出(光、热等)"时,与give off同义。 The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。 (3)give out意为"筋疲力尽"。 The horse gave out. 马跑不动了。
知识点⑤:come up with想出;提出(主意、计划、回答等)
come up with是个短语动词,由"动词+副词+介词"构成,相当于及物动词,后常跟idea,plan,answer等名词,相当于think of。
Who can come up with another idea 谁能再想出一个主意?
【注意】come up with还可意为"追赶上;比得上",相当于catch up with。
We have to work hard to come up with them. 我们必须努力工作,赶上他们。
【知识拓展】
与come 相关的短语: come from来自 come up to达到 come out出来,出版 come on加油
知识点⑥:own的用法
(1)作为形容词,意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
(2)作为动词,意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
(3)其名词为owner,意为“所有权人;主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“(某人)自己的”,一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”,一般用作状语,相当于by oneself。
知识点⑦:lonely的用法
【知识点详解 】
lonely,形容词,作表语时,意为“孤独的;寂寞的”,表示一种心理状态,突出内心感到孤独、寂寞等,是一种主观感受。也可作定语,修饰地点名词。侧重于指人迹罕至、远离人烟或很荒凉的地方。
【例句】
I feel very lonely without my dog.我的狗不在旁边,我感到很寂寞。
Living on a lonely island can be very lonely.生活在荒凉的岛上会很孤独。
The old man lives alone in a lonely village, but he doesn't feel lonely.
这位老人独自一人住在偏僻的小村子里,但他并不感到孤独。
【辨析】
lonely 是形容词,含有较浓厚的感彩,可指人孤独,也可指地方偏僻。
alone 既是形容词又是副词,陈述客观事实,强调数量上的单一,不含感彩。
知识点⑧:notice的用法
【知识详解 】
notice作名词,意为“通知;通告;注意”。
(2)作动词,意为“注意到;意识到”。notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事,notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事。
【例句】
I put up a notice about it on the blackboard.我把有关那件事的通告挂在黑板上。
He walked so fast that he didn't notice his son.他走得太快了,连他儿子都没注意到。
知识点⑨:I hope to work outside. 我希望在外面工作。
hope意为"希望;期望";后常接动词不定式;构成短语"hope to do sth"意为"希望做某事"。
I hope to see my pen pal, Lucy. 我希望见到我的笔友露西。
【易混辨析】 hope与wish"希望"不同
hope hope to do sth "希望做某事"
hope + (that)从句"希望……",常表示可以实现的愿望
wish wish sb sth"希望某人……",表示祝愿
wish to do sth"希望做某事"
wish sb to do sth"希望某人做某事"
wish +(that)从句"希望……",常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望
hope和wish都可作名词,但hope意为"希望";wish意为"愿望;心愿;祝愿"。
【误区警示】
hope后可接不定式作宾语,但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为:hope to do sth,但不可以表达为hope sb to do sth。
知识点10:You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮着清洁城市公园。
(1)could是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。句中could用于提出建议,比can语气更为委婉。此外,could还常用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。
He asked if he could have a cup of coffee. 他问是否可以喝一杯咖啡。
(2)句中help作动词,意为"帮助",后跟不定式作宾语。
Laura helped me to plan my trip. 萝拉帮我规划我的旅游行程。
【知识拓展】help的不同词性
(1)作及物动词,意为"帮助;援助;促进;对……有帮助",其常见用法如下:
后常跟名词、代词作宾语 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
后常跟动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语,不定式符号to可省略 Schools need volunteers to help children (to) read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
用于某些固定结构中 help sb with sth"帮助某人做某事" help oneself to... "自用,自取(食物、饮料等)" can’t help doing sth"忍不住;情不自禁做某事"
(2)作名词,意为"帮助;帮忙",常用作不可数名词,其常用短语为with the help of..."在……的帮助下"。
语法清单
语法①:动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为"to+动词原形",其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。
◆ 动词不定式的形式及性质
(1)动词不定式的基本形式:to do(to有时可省略);
(2)动词不定式变否定:not (to) do;
(3)动词不定式无人称变化;
(4)动词不定式仍保留动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
to speak at the meeting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸
◆ 动词不定式的句法作用
一、作宾语
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,want,remember,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。
You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。
They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。
They would like to come by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。
二、作宾语补足语。
I tell him to arrive on Sunday. 我让他周日到达。
Li Lei asked his deskmate to help him with English. 李磊请同桌帮他学英语。
The teacher asked the students to read it again. 那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。
动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所做的动作,可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在see,watch,hear,feel,notice等感官动词或let,make,have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号"to",可以归纳为以下三种句式:
1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语:tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth
The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。
2. 省"to"的不定式作宾语补足语:
(1)Let / make / have + sb +do sth
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。
They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。
(2)see / watch / hear / notice / feel + sb +do sth
I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。(强调整个过程)
【注意】
①help带不带to均可以。 I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。 ②此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补,当变被动时,必须还原to。 William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。
4. 否定形式:
(1)动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。
Tell them not to play football in the street.
(2)省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。
Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。
三、作状语
(1)作目的状语。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形,so as to不可用于句首。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。
(2)作结果状语。
He woke up only to find everybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。
His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。
He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了,可以去上学了。
(3)在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。
I’m happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。
◆ 动词不定式可以和what,which,how,where,when等特殊疑问词连用。
The question is I don’t know when to start. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。
You do not know what to do and how to do it. 你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。
语法②:动词短语
短语动词是一种固定词组,由动词加介词或副词等构成,其作用相当于一个动词。
◆ 构成:
常见的形式有:1. 动词+副词,如:put up
2. 动词+介词,如:look at
3. 动词+副词+介词,如:run out of
4. 动词+名词+介词,如:take care of
◆ 动词+副词
(1)常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有:
cheer up(振奋起来),clean up(打扫干净),set up(建立),put up(搭建,张贴),cut up(切碎),fix up(修理),work out(算出),give out(分发),give away(赠送),think over(仔细思考),turn over(把……翻过来),hand in(上交)等。
【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时,后面必须跟宾语,若名词作宾语,可以放在副词前面或后面,但代词作宾语时,必须置于副词之前。
(2)常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有:
get up(起床),start off(动身),come back(回来),get down(下来),hold on(等一下;别挂断),look out(当心,小心),get away(逃离)等。
◆ 动词+介词
这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时,后面必须接宾语。常见的有:
look for(寻找),stand for(代表),wait for(等待),pay for(付费),send for(派人去请),take after(像),hear from(收到……的来信),hear of(听说),depend on(依靠)等。
◆ 动词+副词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有:
add up to(总共是),catch up with(赶上),look down upon(瞧不起),run out of(耗尽,用光)
◆ 动词+名词+介词
这种短语动词相当于及物动词,后面需接宾语,有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有:make fun of(取笑),make use of(利用),pay attention to(注意),take care of(照顾)等。
【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。
We shouldn’t make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。
Section B
基础知识清单
Words 1.repair(v.)修理=fix 2.broken(adj.)破损的 3.wheel(n.)轮子 4.letter(n.)信件,字母 5.disabled(adj.)残疾的--disability(n.) 6.blind(adj.)瞎的 7.deaf(adj.)聋的 8.imagine(v.)想象--imagination(n.)想象力 9.open(v.)打开(adj.)开着的 10.difficulty(n.)困难--difficult(adj.)困难的 11.door(n.)门 12.carry(v.)拿,提,扛 13.train(v.)训练(n.)火车--training(n.)训练 14.excited(adj.)激动的--excite(v.)使。。。激动--exciting(adj.) 15.kindness(n.)善良--kind(adj.)善良的 16.clever(adj.)聪明的 17.change(v.n.)改变(n.)零钱 18.understand(v.)理解--understanding(adj.)通情达理的--misunderstand(v.)误解 19.interest(v.n.)使感兴趣,兴趣--interested(adj.)感兴趣的--interesting(adj.)有趣的
词性转换 1:journey. n.(尤指长途)旅行,行程→journey. V.旅行 2:break. v.打破,折断→broken. adj.破损的,残缺的 3: able. adj可以的,能够的→ability. n能力→enable. v使能够→disabled. adj残疾的 4:difficulty. n.困难,难题→difficult. adj.困难的→difficultly. adv.困难地 5:excited. adj.(人)感到激动的,兴奋的→excitedly. Adv.兴奋地→exciting. adj.(物)令人感到兴奋的,激动的→excitement. n.兴奋,激动 6: understand. v理解,懂得→understanding. adj善解人意的,体谅人的 7:change. v.改变→change. n.变化→change. n.零钱 8:interest. n.兴趣→interest. v.使….感兴趣,使关注→interesting. adj.有趣的→interestingly. adv.(物或事)令人感兴趣的→interested. adj.(人)感到有趣的
Phrases 1. put off doing sth. 推迟;延迟做某事 2. for example 比如;例如 3. at least 至少 3. make lots of money 赚许多钱 4. be worried about 对…担忧 5. in one’s free time 在某人空闲时间里 6. raise money for homeless people 为无家可归的人筹钱/募捐 7. move to another place 搬到另外一个地方 8. take after 与......相像;像(有血缘关系) 9. give away 赠送;捐赠 10. fix up 修理;修补;解决 11. be similar to 与……相似 12. stop to do sth. 停正在做事去做另件事 13. set up 建立;设立 46. make a difference to 对…有影响 14. a friend of mine=one of my friends 我的一个朋友 15. be/get excited about sth/doing sth 对某事(做某事)而感到激动 16. have difficulty (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有困难 17. disabled people 残疾人 51. be able to 能够 18. make it possible for sb. to do sth. 使某人有可能做某事 19. give orders 发出指令 20. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目 21. get a special trained dog 获得一只经过特殊训练的狗 22. be/feel lucky to do sth. 幸运的做某事 23. be strong in … 在…方面很强 24. help out as a volunteer 作为做一名志愿者帮助做某事 25. be free to do sth 有空做某事,自由去做某事,任意做.. 26. work out fine 产生良好的效果
Sentences 1.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. 我干我热爱干的工作同时帮助别人。 2.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助拥有幸运儿对我来说成为可能。 3.Lucky makes a big difference to my life. 幸运儿对我的生活起重要作用 4.I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我喜欢动物并且因过去拥有狗的想法而感到激动。 5.The ideas that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的办法效果不错。(that定语从句) (结果,效果;算出,制定出)
Writing 叙述自己参与的志愿者活动,应聘到某处做志愿者
二、知识点清单
知识点①:similar /take after/ look like
similar作形容词,意为“相似的”。be similar to…意为“与……相似,接近”,一般用在相近似的物
品和情境的对比上。例如:
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。
I guess it may be similar to the Hindu culture. 我猜想,这可能接近于印度文化。
【拓展】
(1)look like意为“看起来像……” 。应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如:
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
It looks like it’s going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
(2)take after 最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间,外貌用的最多,也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上。例如:
She took after her mother almost in everything. 她几乎与她母亲一模一样。
Adam was my grandfather and I took after him. 亚当是我的祖父,我和他很相像。
知识点②:We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划
put off意为"推迟;拖延",是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。
【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语
知识点③:repair动词,意为“修理;修补”。fix up修理;装饰。fix on选定,确定。
【例句】
I repaired the kite with beautiful flowers.我修好了那个带着漂亮的花的风筝。
【辨析】repair、mend与fix三者都有“修理;修补”之意,有时可以通用,但也有区别。
repair 对象范围很广,从房屋、道路到日常生活必需品,使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
mend 意思是恢复某物体原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)。一般指较小之物,像鞋子、窗子等。
fix 用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实,将分离的物体各部分装配起来。
Who has repaired the broken leg of the table 谁把桌子的断腿修好了
This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧,不能补了。
Can you fix the broken chair 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗
知识点④: Many volunteers would like to set up an organization to help poor people. 许多志愿者想设立一个机构来帮助穷人。
【易混辨析】 set up与build
set up 意为"建立,设立,开办",后常接某一组织、机构、团体等。
build 意为"建造,修建",后常接建筑物、机械等。
【一语辨异】They set up an organization to help the poor build houses. 他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建造房子。
【知识拓展】
set up也可意为"竖立,架起,建起"。 They are going to set up a bridge between the two islands. 他们打算在这两个岛之间架起一座桥梁。
知识点⑤:imagine的用法
imagine v.想象;设想。既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句。
①imagine doing…想象去做……;
类似词组:give up doing sth放弃做某事
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 regret doing sth后悔做某事keep doing sth持续做某事
put off doing sth推迟做某事 finish doing sth完成做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事
practice doing sth练习做某事
②imagine sb. doing…想象某人做……;
③imagine + that从句/wh-从句 想象……;料想……(◆不可用于进行时)。
【例句】
Imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. 想象你不能走或手不能灵活运用。
I imagine(that) you are very tired. 我猜想你很累了。
知识点⑥:carry的用法
carry动词,意为“拿;提;扛”。
常见短语:
carry on继续下去;carry out开展,执行;carry through完成,渡过难关;carry over(在不同情况下)继续存在
【例句】
He was carrying a box on his shoulder.他正扛着个盒子。
The woman carried her baby in her arms.妇女怀抱着孩子。
【辨析】carry、bring、take、fetch与get
carry 指“随身携带(不说明固定方向)”,有时含有“负担”的意思。
bring 指“从别处把东西或人带来、拿来”。
take 指“把东西带走或拿走”。
fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”。
get 是常用词,多用于口语,与fetch同义。
He brought a new book with him.他带来一本新书。
Please take the letter to the post office.请把这封信送到邮局去。
I asked her to fetch me an evening paper.我求她去给我拿一张晚报来。
Go and get some water.去打些水来。
知识点⑦:You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 你帮助我, 使我能够拥有Lucky。
(1)句中make是使役动词,意为"使;使成为",后常跟复合结构,即"make+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词)"。 Computers make it easy to learn English. 电脑使英语学习变得容易。
(2)句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后置的动词不定式复合结构for me to have Lucky。
【知识拓展】
it作形式宾语的用法 (1)当不定式作宾语,且其后有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定式置于句末。 We find it important to learn English well. 我们发现学好英语很重要。 (2)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有:make/find/feel/consider/think等。
知识点⑨:make a difference 有影响,有作用
其后可跟to sb /sth,意为"对某人或某事产生影响"。
The recent talk between Tom and his parents made a big difference to him.
最近汤姆和他父母之间的一次谈话对他产生了很大的影响。
【知识拓展】
make no difference 没有作用,没有影响 It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。
知识点10:Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulties. 大多数人从没考虑过这一点,但是许多人有这样的困难。
difficulty此处用作可数名词,通常用作复数形式,表示具体概念,意为"困难;难题;难事",其形容词形式为difficult,意为困难的。
There are lots of children with reading difficulties. 有很多存在阅读困难的儿童。
He met with many difficulties when traveling. 他在旅行中遇到了许多困难。
【知识拓展】
difficulty表示抽象意义上的"困难"时,是不可数名词,have difficulty (in) doing sth表示"做某事有困难",=have trouble (in) doing sth I had great difficulty (in) finishing the task. 完成这项任务我觉得很困难。
三、单元写作
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“提供帮助和做志愿者”,应用文体裁居多,该话题属于中考常考话题之一。主要是叙述自己参与的志愿者活动,提供给别人的帮助,包括应聘到某处做志愿者,会做的志愿者活动,能为别人或者机构提供的帮助等内容。重点考查学生以下能力:
掌握并熟练使用表达出活动的要点;
会写一些简单的应聘信;
清晰表达自己的能力。
【写作步骤】
1.总分总结构。短文通常分为三个部分:
总------第一部分:开篇点题,引出话题。
分-------第二部分:活动内容以及提供的帮助。
总——第三部分:活动的感受。
2.人称:第一人称。
3.时态:一般将来时、一般过去时。
【典型例题】
3月5日是学雷锋纪念日,你校师生去敬老院开展志愿者活动。假如你是李华,请通过邮件将此活动情况介绍给Mary。
活动时间:3月5日
活动地点:幸福敬老院(Nursing Home)
参与人员:志愿者
活动形式:1. 送鲜花、水果和美好的祝福。
2. 帮老人整理房间、打扫卫生……
3. 陪老人聊天;为老人表演(唱歌、跳舞),读报……
活动感想:此活动很有意义,从中学会了关爱老人、尊重老人……
要求:1. 要点齐全,条理清晰,语句通顺,不要逐字翻译,须适当发挥。
2. 词数100字左右。(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)
Dear Mary,
Thank you for your last E-mail. Let me tell you what we did on 5thMarch.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________If you have the chance in China, I hope you can join us.
Li Hua
【高分模板】
Dear Mary,
Thank you for your last E-mail. Let me tell you what we did on 5thMarch.
As a member of volunteers, I got up early because I was too excited to sleep. In the morning, we volunteers brought some flowers and fresh fruit. As we arrived at the Happiness Nursing Home, we sent them our best wishes too. How happy they were!
Then we cleaned the windows and swept the floor for them. After that, some of us performed activities for them, such as singing songs and dancing. Some of us read newspaper for them. Some of us chatted with them. When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our kindness.
From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the old and respect them. In our daily life, we should offer our seats to them on buses. And we should treat our own grandparents more kindly.
If you have the chance in China, I hope you can join us.
Li Hua
【名师点评】
1.题干解读:该题目属于材料作文,也是日记。本文时态主要是一般过去时。认为阅读料,认真审题,根据提示要点列出提纲,短文必须包含提示内容,可适当发挥。注意语法和单词拼写。
2.例文点评:例文符合题目要求,写出了去敬老院开展志愿者活动过程,包含了所有要点。本文格式时态使用正确,表达条理清楚连贯,没有语法单词拼写错误,符合英语的表达习惯,运用了合适的连接词或过渡词,文章思路清晰,富有逻辑性。
3.高分亮点:
(一)短语和连词的使用:As,because,too…to…,then,after,such as,when, if等。
(二)句型:(1)As a member of volunteers, I got up early because I was too excited to sleep.(2)As we arrived at the Happiness Nursing Home, we sent them our best wishes too.(3)When it was time for us volunteers to leave, they were grateful for our kindness.(4) From this meaningful activity, I found that we are supposed to care for the old and respect them.等。
【素材积累】
help to do...帮助做.....
clean up打扫
cheer up使高兴起来
give out food分发食物
teach kids教学生
volunteer志愿者
give some advice给出建议
make a plan制定计划
come up with想出......
work in an old people’s home在敬老院上班
help out with想办法解决
lonely孤独的
care for照顾
decide to决定做
give up放弃
at the age of在.....岁时
try out参加.....选拔
tried doing尝试做
come true实现
learn something important学到了重要的东西
be interested in对......感兴趣
at the same time同时
volunteer to do自愿去做.....
put up张贴
repair修理
give away捐赠
thank you for...因......而感谢
change my life改变我的生活
句型积累:
I’d like to help to clean up the city parks.我想去帮忙打扫市里的公园。
I can teach kids to learn English.我会教孩子们学英语。
Let’s make some notices.咱们做些通知吧。
Iwant to be a volunteer in an old people’s home.我想在敬老院做志愿者。
I like reading newspaper to them.我喜欢读报给他们听。
We should listen to them and care for them.我们应该倾听他们并且照顾他们。
I love animals and want to be an animal doctor.我喜欢小动物想成为一名兽医。
I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.我得到强烈的满足感当我看见他们主人脸上的喜悦感。
Volunteering here is a dream come true.能在这做志愿者,我的梦想实现了。
I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我可以做我喜欢做得去帮助别人。
Helping others can bring us happiness.帮助别人能给我们带来快乐。
I think we’d better....我觉得我们最好....
In my free time I like to...so I think I’d be good at this job.在业余时间我喜欢做所以我觉得我擅长这项工作。
I’m strong in....我强烈想加入....
I want to help out as a volunteer in your group.我想在你们的团队里做一名志愿者。
【小试身手】
假如你叫Lucy,是一名中学生,你想成为国际动物救助中心 “IAH(International Animal Helper)”的一名志愿者,请用英文写一封自荐信。提示要点:1.能参加周末活动;2.到救助中心的距离近;3.喜爱小动物,愿意帮助它们;4.懂一点医学知识;5.补充1-2点个人信息和想法。词数90词左右
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely,
Lucy
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Lucy.I’m a middle school student.I want to help out as a volunteer at IAH.I love animals and I’d like to help them.I have some medical knowledge.I believe I can be a good helper. I live near IAH and it only takes about ten minutes to get there by underground. What’s more,I’m free on weekends and I can take part in the activities. If I get the chance, I won’t let you down.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Lucy