高考英语书信写作学案
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语书信写作专项学案
考纲解读：
高考英语写作以书信/邮件为核心题型（全国卷、新高考卷占比超70%），常考类型包括：
正式书信：申请信、推荐信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信（学术/商务场景）
半正式书信：求助信、感谢信、告知信（师生/笔友交流）
非正式书信：私人信件（朋友间沟通）
分值25分，评分核心维度：
1. 内容完整性：覆盖所有提示要点，合理拓展细节
2. 语言丰富性：运用复杂句式、高级词汇、多样语法结构
3. 逻辑连贯性：恰当使用衔接词，段落层次分明
4. 格式准确性：正式/非正式书信格式规范
一、书信写作高阶框架
1. 正式与非正式书信对比
维度 正式书信 非正式书信
称呼 Dear Sir/Madam, / Dear Professor Smith, Hi John, / Dear Tom,
语气 礼貌、客观、简洁 亲切、随意、可使用缩写（如Wanna）
句式 复合句为主，避免口语化表达 简单句+复合句结合，可使用感叹句
结尾 Yours sincerely, / Yours faithfully, Best wishes, / Love,
签名 全名（如Li Hua） 名（如Hua）
2. 三段式写作结构
开头段（1-2句）：
直入主题：I am writing to apply for the scholarship / express my concern about...
背景引入：I am a senior student from X High School, and I have learned from your website that...
主体段（3-5句）：
分点论述：用Firstly, Secondly, Finally或To begin with, Furthermore, Lastly分层
细节支撑：Each year, our school organizes a charity event, during which we collect over 1,000 books for rural children.
结尾段（1-2句）：
礼貌请求：I would appreciate it if you could consider my application / provide feedback.
期待回复：Looking forward to your prompt reply.
二、常考书信类型及高分模板
类型1：申请信（大学/社团/职位）
写作逻辑：
资格证明：学历/经历/技能（匹配申请要求）
动机说明：为什么选择该机构/项目
附加优势：独特经历或特长
模板示例：
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua, a senior student at Hongxing High School. I am writing to apply for the summer volunteer program advertised on your website.
As the president of the school’s Environmental Club, I have organized several campus clean-up campaigns and successfully reduced waste by 30%. Additionally, I hold a certificate in first-aid training, which enables me to handle emergencies. What attracts me most is your organization’s focus on community service, as I believe it aligns perfectly with my passion for making a positive impact.
I would be honored to contribute my time and skills to your team. Please feel free to contact me at lihua@ for further information.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
高级表达：
替换I think：From my perspective, / In my view,
强调匹配度：My experiences have uniquely equipped me to...
突出热情：I am deeply passionate about... and eager to contribute.
类型2：推荐信（推荐人/物）
写作逻辑：
推荐人与被推荐人关系
具体事例证明能力/品质
结论性评价
模板示例：
Dear Professor Wang,
I am writing to recommend Li Ming, one of my best students, for the exchange program at your university.
As his English teacher for three years, I have witnessed his exceptional academic performance and leadership qualities. Last year, he led our school’s debate team to win the city championship, demonstrating excellent analytical thinking and public speaking skills. What impresses me most is his dedication to learning—he often stays after class to discuss complex topics and volunteers to tutor peers.
I firmly believe Li Ming’s curiosity and professionalism make him a perfect fit for this program. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further references.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Wei
高分技巧：
用具体数据增强可信度：scored 95+ in every English exam
引用评价：As his peers often say, "Li Ming is the first to offer help and the last to leave."
类型3：投诉信（产品/服务问题）
写作逻辑：
礼貌开场，说明身份
清晰描述问题（时间、地点、细节）
提出合理诉求
表达期待
模板示例：
Dear Customer Service Manager,
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the laptop (order number: 2024-03-15) I purchased from your store last week.
Unfortunately, the device began overheating and shutting down unexpectedly after just two days of use. This has severely affected my work, as I am currently preparing my graduation thesis. I have followed the user manual for troubleshooting but found no solution.
I request either a full refund or a replacement unit as soon as possible. I trust you will handle this matter promptly, as I have always been a loyal customer of your brand.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
语气把控：
避免情绪化：用I was disappointed to find... 代替You sold me a broken laptop!
强调合理性：Given the high price of the product, I expect it to meet basic quality standards.
三、高考真题深度解析（2023年新高考I卷）
题目：
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Jack计划来中国留学，想了解中国大学的住宿情况。请你写一封邮件回复，内容包括：
1. 住宿类型（如宿舍、公寓）；
2. 住宿费用；
3. 周边设施（如食堂、图书馆）。
审题分析：
文体：半正式邮件，语气友好且信息准确
时态：一般现在时（介绍常规情况）
要点拓展：
宿舍：双人间/四人间，价格区间500-1500元/学期，含公共浴室
公寓：单人间，价格2000-4000元/月，独立卫浴+厨房
设施：24小时食堂、图书馆步行10分钟、健身房免费开放
高分范文：
Dear Jack,
Glad to hear you’re planning to study in China! Let me share some details about university accommodation here.
Most universities offer two main types: dormitories and apartments. Dormitories are the most popular choice, usually with 2-4 students per room. The cost ranges from 500 to 1,500 yuan per semester, which is quite affordable. While bathrooms are shared, they’re kept clean and well-maintained. For more privacy, you can choose an apartment with a single room, priced between 2,000 and 4,000 yuan per month. Apartments often come with a private bathroom and kitchenette.
Around the accommodation areas, you’ll find convenient facilities. Most dorms are within walking distance of campus canteens serving diverse Chinese and Western dishes. Libraries, gyms, and convenience stores are also nearby, making daily life easy. Many universities even have shuttle buses connecting different parts of the campus.
Hope this helps! Let me know if you need more tips on applying for housing.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
亮点分析：
句式多样：While bathrooms are shared...（让步状语从句）, priced between...（过去分词作定语）
数据支撑：具体价格区间增强真实感
逻辑衔接：Most universities..., For more privacy..., Around the accommodation areas...
四、高级语言表达策略
1. 复杂句式升级
名词性从句：
What impressed me most was his ability to solve problems under pressure.
定语从句：
The project, which lasted three months, successfully raised funds for children in rural areas.
非谓语动词：
Having gained relevant experience, I am confident in handling the responsibilities of this role.
2. 词汇升级表
普通表达 高级表达 例句
thank appreciate, be grateful for I truly appreciate your timely help.
good excellent, outstanding, remarkable She has made remarkable progress in English.
important crucial, vital, significant Time management is crucial for exam preparation.
think maintain, hold the view that I hold the view that teamwork is essential.
help assist, offer assistance We assisted the elderly in cleaning their apartments.
3. 逻辑连接词分类
并列/递进：besides, furthermore, in addition
转折：however, nevertheless, on the contrary
因果：therefore, as a result, consequently
总结：in conclusion, to sum up, overall
五、写作误区与避坑指南
常见错误 错误示例 修正版
格式混乱 称呼未顶格：Dear Sir, 顶格书写：Dear Sir,
时态错误 I will visit you when I will arrive in London. I will visit you when I arrive in London.
词性混淆 Your patient helped me a lot. Your patience helped me a lot.
中式英语 I very like this book. I like this book very much.
标点误用 I have three hobbies, reading, painting and singing. I have three hobbies: reading, painting and singing.
六、实战训练与范文
题目：
你是李华，英国朋友Alice来信说她正在学习中文，但不敢开口交流。请你写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 鼓励她克服恐惧；
2. 提供至少两条口语练习建议；
3. 表达愿意帮助的意愿。
写作提示：
建议方向：参加语言交换活动、观看中文影视剧、模仿发音
高级表达：step out of your comfort zone, make gradual progress
参考范文：
Dear Alice,
I’m sorry to hear you’re hesitant to speak Chinese, but please know it’s completely normal to feel nervous at first! Learning a new language requires courage, and every learner starts from zero.
To build your confidence, here are two practical tips. First, join a language exchange group in your city or online. Interacting with native speakers will help you get used to real-life pronunciation and expressions—don’t worry about making mistakes; everyone is there to learn! Second, watch Chinese TV shows or movies with subtitles. Try imitating the dialogues aloud, even for a few minutes daily. This can improve your sense of language rhythm.
I’d be more than happy to practice with you via video calls. We can start with simple topics like your daily life and gradually move to more complex conversations. Remember, every small step counts!
Looking forward to hearing your progress.
Best regards,
Li Hua
七、评分细则与冲刺策略
高考评分标准（25分制）
档次 分数 核心要求
第五档 21-25 覆盖所有要点，句式丰富，语法错误≤1处，逻辑严密
第四档 16-20 要点齐全，有少量语法错误，衔接较合理
第三档 11-15 覆盖主要要点，语法错误较多，内容基本连贯
冲刺提分技巧：
1. 模板默写：每周背诵1篇不同类型的范文，确保格式与结构烂熟于心
2. 错题归类：整理语法错误（如冠词、时态），制作“避错清单”
3. 细节加分：在申请信中加入具体奖项/数据，在建议信中引用研究结果
4. 限时训练：40分钟内完成一篇书信，模拟考试节奏
备考资源推荐：
教材：《高考英语写作专项突破》（涵盖近10年真题范文）
网站：BBC Learning English（学习正式书信语气）
工具：Grammarly（检测语法错误，提升表达准确性）
通过“结构化框架+高级语言+细节打磨”三重训练，高考书信写作可实现从“完成任务”到“高分范文”的突破！
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高考英语书信写作专项学案
考纲解读：
高考英语写作以书信/邮件为核心题型（全国卷、新高考卷占比超70%），常考类型包括：
正式书信：申请信、推荐信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信（学术/商务场景）
半正式书信：求助信、感谢信、告知信（师生/笔友交流）
非正式书信：私人信件（朋友间沟通）
分值25分，评分核心维度：
1. 内容完整性：覆盖所有提示要点，合理拓展细节
2. 语言丰富性：运用复杂句式、高级词汇、多样语法结构
3. 逻辑连贯性：恰当使用衔接词，段落层次分明
4. 格式准确性：正式/非正式书信格式规范
一、书信写作高阶框架
1. 正式与非正式书信对比
维度 正式书信 非正式书信
称呼 Dear Sir/Madam, / Dear Professor Smith, Hi John, / Dear Tom,
语气 礼貌、客观、简洁 亲切、随意、可使用缩写（如Wanna）
句式 复合句为主，避免口语化表达 简单句+复合句结合，可使用感叹句
结尾 Yours sincerely, / Yours faithfully, Best wishes, / Love,
签名 全名（如Li Hua） 名（如Hua）
2. 三段式写作结构
开头段（1-2句）：
直入主题：I am writing to apply for the scholarship / express my concern about...
背景引入：I am a senior student from X High School, and I have learned from your website that...
主体段（3-5句）：
分点论述：用Firstly, Secondly, Finally或To begin with, Furthermore, Lastly分层
细节支撑：Each year, our school organizes a charity event, during which we collect over 1,000 books for rural children.
结尾段（1-2句）：
礼貌请求：I would appreciate it if you could consider my application / provide feedback.
期待回复：Looking forward to your prompt reply.
二、常考书信类型及高分模板
类型1：申请信（大学/社团/职位）
写作逻辑：
资格证明：学历/经历/技能（匹配申请要求）
动机说明：为什么选择该机构/项目
附加优势：独特经历或特长
模板示例：
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua, a senior student at Hongxing High School. I am writing to apply for the summer volunteer program advertised on your website.
As the president of the school’s Environmental Club, I have organized several campus clean-up campaigns and successfully reduced waste by 30%. Additionally, I hold a certificate in first-aid training, which enables me to handle emergencies. What attracts me most is your organization’s focus on community service, as I believe it aligns perfectly with my passion for making a positive impact.
I would be honored to contribute my time and skills to your team. Please feel free to contact me at lihua@ for further information.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
高级表达：
替换I think：From my perspective, / In my view,
强调匹配度：My experiences have uniquely equipped me to...
突出热情：I am deeply passionate about... and eager to contribute.
类型2：推荐信（推荐人/物）
写作逻辑：
推荐人与被推荐人关系
具体事例证明能力/品质
结论性评价
模板示例：
Dear Professor Wang,
I am writing to recommend Li Ming, one of my best students, for the exchange program at your university.
As his English teacher for three years, I have witnessed his exceptional academic performance and leadership qualities. Last year, he led our school’s debate team to win the city championship, demonstrating excellent analytical thinking and public speaking skills. What impresses me most is his dedication to learning—he often stays after class to discuss complex topics and volunteers to tutor peers.
I firmly believe Li Ming’s curiosity and professionalism make him a perfect fit for this program. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you need further references.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Wei
高分技巧：
用具体数据增强可信度：scored 95+ in every English exam
引用评价：As his peers often say, "Li Ming is the first to offer help and the last to leave."
类型3：投诉信（产品/服务问题）
写作逻辑：
礼貌开场，说明身份
清晰描述问题（时间、地点、细节）
提出合理诉求
表达期待
模板示例：
Dear Customer Service Manager,
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the laptop (order number: 2024-03-15) I purchased from your store last week.
Unfortunately, the device began overheating and shutting down unexpectedly after just two days of use. This has severely affected my work, as I am currently preparing my graduation thesis. I have followed the user manual for troubleshooting but found no solution.
I request either a full refund or a replacement unit as soon as possible. I trust you will handle this matter promptly, as I have always been a loyal customer of your brand.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
语气把控：
避免情绪化：用I was disappointed to find... 代替You sold me a broken laptop!
强调合理性：Given the high price of the product, I expect it to meet basic quality standards.
三、高考真题深度解析（2023年新高考I卷）
题目：
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Jack计划来中国留学，想了解中国大学的住宿情况。请你写一封邮件回复，内容包括：
1. 住宿类型（如宿舍、公寓）；
2. 住宿费用；
3. 周边设施（如食堂、图书馆）。
审题分析：
文体：半正式邮件，语气友好且信息准确
时态：一般现在时（介绍常规情况）
要点拓展：
宿舍：双人间/四人间，价格区间500-1500元/学期，含公共浴室
公寓：单人间，价格2000-4000元/月，独立卫浴+厨房
设施：24小时食堂、图书馆步行10分钟、健身房免费开放
高分范文：
Dear Jack,
Glad to hear you’re planning to study in China! Let me share some details about university accommodation here.
Most universities offer two main types: dormitories and apartments. Dormitories are the most popular choice, usually with 2-4 students per room. The cost ranges from 500 to 1,500 yuan per semester, which is quite affordable. While bathrooms are shared, they’re kept clean and well-maintained. For more privacy, you can choose an apartment with a single room, priced between 2,000 and 4,000 yuan per month. Apartments often come with a private bathroom and kitchenette.
Around the accommodation areas, you’ll find convenient facilities. Most dorms are within walking distance of campus canteens serving diverse Chinese and Western dishes. Libraries, gyms, and convenience stores are also nearby, making daily life easy. Many universities even have shuttle buses connecting different parts of the campus.
Hope this helps! Let me know if you need more tips on applying for housing.
Best wishes,
Li Hua
亮点分析：
句式多样：While bathrooms are shared...（让步状语从句）, priced between...（过去分词作定语）
数据支撑：具体价格区间增强真实感
逻辑衔接：Most universities..., For more privacy..., Around the accommodation areas...
四、高级语言表达策略
1. 复杂句式升级
名词性从句：
What impressed me most was his ability to solve problems under pressure.
定语从句：
The project, which lasted three months, successfully raised funds for children in rural areas.
非谓语动词：
Having gained relevant experience, I am confident in handling the responsibilities of this role.
2. 词汇升级表
普通表达 高级表达 例句
thank appreciate, be grateful for I truly appreciate your timely help.
good excellent, outstanding, remarkable She has made remarkable progress in English.
important crucial, vital, significant Time management is crucial for exam preparation.
think maintain, hold the view that I hold the view that teamwork is essential.
help assist, offer assistance We assisted the elderly in cleaning their apartments.
3. 逻辑连接词分类
并列/递进：besides, furthermore, in addition
转折：however, nevertheless, on the contrary
因果：therefore, as a result, consequently
总结：in conclusion, to sum up, overall
五、写作误区与避坑指南
常见错误 错误示例 修正版
格式混乱 称呼未顶格：Dear Sir, 顶格书写：Dear Sir,
时态错误 I will visit you when I will arrive in London. I will visit you when I arrive in London.
词性混淆 Your patient helped me a lot. Your patience helped me a lot.
中式英语 I very like this book. I like this book very much.
标点误用 I have three hobbies, reading, painting and singing. I have three hobbies: reading, painting and singing.
六、实战训练与范文
题目：
你是李华，英国朋友Alice来信说她正在学习中文，但不敢开口交流。请你写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 鼓励她克服恐惧；
2. 提供至少两条口语练习建议；
3. 表达愿意帮助的意愿。
写作提示：
建议方向：参加语言交换活动、观看中文影视剧、模仿发音
高级表达：step out of your comfort zone, make gradual progress
参考范文：
Dear Alice,
I’m sorry to hear you’re hesitant to speak Chinese, but please know it’s completely normal to feel nervous at first! Learning a new language requires courage, and every learner starts from zero.
To build your confidence, here are two practical tips. First, join a language exchange group in your city or online. Interacting with native speakers will help you get used to real-life pronunciation and expressions—don’t worry about making mistakes; everyone is there to learn! Second, watch Chinese TV shows or movies with subtitles. Try imitating the dialogues aloud, even for a few minutes daily. This can improve your sense of language rhythm.
I’d be more than happy to practice with you via video calls. We can start with simple topics like your daily life and gradually move to more complex conversations. Remember, every small step counts!
Looking forward to hearing your progress.
Best regards,
Li Hua
七、评分细则与冲刺策略
高考评分标准（25分制）
档次 分数 核心要求
第五档 21-25 覆盖所有要点，句式丰富，语法错误≤1处，逻辑严密
第四档 16-20 要点齐全，有少量语法错误，衔接较合理
第三档 11-15 覆盖主要要点，语法错误较多，内容基本连贯
冲刺提分技巧：
1. 模板默写：每周背诵1篇不同类型的范文，确保格式与结构烂熟于心
2. 错题归类：整理语法错误（如冠词、时态），制作“避错清单”
3. 细节加分：在申请信中加入具体奖项/数据，在建议信中引用研究结果
4. 限时训练：40分钟内完成一篇书信，模拟考试节奏
备考资源推荐：
教材：《高考英语写作专项突破》（涵盖近10年真题范文）
网站：BBC Learning English（学习正式书信语气）
工具：Grammarly（检测语法错误，提升表达准确性）
通过“结构化框架+高级语言+细节打磨”三重训练，高考书信写作可实现从“完成任务”到“高分范文”的突破！
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)