中考英语一轮复习阅读理解 超全高频词汇学案

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名称 中考英语一轮复习阅读理解 超全高频词汇学案
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更新时间 2025-04-21 14:38:17

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语阅读理解的超全高频词汇
一、高频动词
1. accomplish / k mpl /
释义:完成;实现
例句:We accomplished the task ahead of schedule.
考点:强调“成功完成困难的事”,近义achieve。
2. apologize / p l d a z/
释义:道歉
例句:He apologized to me for being late.
考点:固定搭配apologize to sb. for sth.,名词形式apology。
3. cancel / k nsl/
释义:取消
例句:The meeting was canceled due to bad weather.
考点:过去式/过去分词cancel(l)ed,常考被动语态。
4. remind /r ma nd/
释义:提醒
例句:Please remind me to take my medicine.
考点:固定搭配remind sb. to do sth. 或remind sb. of sth.(使想起)。
5. require /r kwa (r)/
释义:需要;要求
例句:The task requires patience and skill.
考点:require doing sth.(主动表被动)= require to be done。
6. spread /spred/
释义:传播;扩散
例句:The news spread quickly through the town.
考点:过去式/过去分词同形(spread-spread),常考疾病或信息传播。
7. succeed /s k si d/
释义:成功
例句:She succeeded in passing the exam.
考点:固定搭配succeed in doing sth.,名词success,形容词successful。
8. volunteer / v l n t (r)/
释义:自愿做
例句:He volunteered to help clean the park.
考点:volunteer to do sth.,名词volunteer(志愿者)。
9. waste /we st/
释义:浪费
例句:Don’t waste time on meaningless things.
考点:waste time/money (in) doing sth.,近义throw away。
10. worth /w θ/
释义:值得的
例句:The movie is worth watching.
考点:后接动词-ing形式(主动表被动),不接不定式。
二、高频名词
1. chance /t ɑ ns/
释义:机会;可能性(补充)
例句:There’s a chance it will rain tomorrow.
考点:短语by chance(偶然)= accidentally。
2. challenge / t l nd /
释义:挑战
例句:Learning a new language is a great challenge.
考点:动词形式challenge(向…挑战)。
3. direction /d rek n/
释义:方向;指导
例句:He gave us directions to the museum.
考点:短语in the direction of(朝…方向)。
4. experience / k sp ri ns/
释义:经验;经历
例句:Traveling gives us valuable experiences.
考点:表“经验”不可数,表“经历”可数。
5. habit / h b t/
释义:习惯
例句:Reading before bed is a good habit.
考点:固定搭配form/develop a habit(养成习惯)。
6. hobby / h bi/
释义:爱好
例句:Her hobbies include painting and dancing.
考点:复数形式hobbies,常考与interest的区分(hobby指长期爱好)。
7. progress / pr ɡres/
释义:进步
例句:She has made great progress in English.
考点:不可数名词,常与make搭配(make progress)。
8. relationship /r le n p/
释义:关系
例句:The relationship between parents and children is important.
考点:常考家庭、朋友间的关系,复数加s。
9. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/
释义:责任
例句:It’s our responsibility to protect the environment.
考点:形容词responsible(有责任的),短语take responsibility(承担责任)。
10. secret / si kr t/
释义:秘密
例句:She kept the secret from everyone.
考点:短语keep a secret(保密),形容词secret(秘密的)。
三、高频形容词
1. ancient / e n nt/
释义:古代的;古老的
例句:The Great Wall is an ancient wonder.
考点:近义old,但更强调“历史悠久”。
2. confident / k nf d nt/
释义:自信的
例句:She is confident about her ability.
考点:固定搭配be confident in/ about,名词confidence。
3. creative /kri e t v/
释义:有创造力的
例句:Artists need to be creative.
考点:动词create,名词creativity(创造力)。
4. crowded / kra d d/
释义:拥挤的
例句:The bus was too crowded to get on.
考点:反义词empty,常考场景:交通、公共场所。
5. disabled /d s e bld/
释义:残疾的
例句:The school provides support for disabled students.
考点:名词disability(残疾),短语the disabled(残疾人,表一类人)。
6. honest / n st/
释义:诚实的
例句:It’s important to be honest with others.
考点:短语to be honest(老实说),反义词dishonest。
7. modern / m d n/
释义:现代的
例句:We live in a modern society with high technology.
考点:反义词ancient/traditional,常考科技、生活对比。
8. natural / n t r l/
释义:自然的
例句:We should protect natural resources.
考点:名词nature(自然),短语natural disaster(自然灾害)。
9. patient / pe nt/
释义:耐心的(补充)
例句:Teachers need to be patient with slow learners.
考点:区分patient(病人)作名词时发音重音不同。
10. similar / s m l (r)/
释义:相似的
例句:Their hobbies are similar to mine.
考点:固定搭配be similar to(与…相似),近义alike(但alike多作表语)。
四、逻辑关系词
1. 因果关系
because of 因为(后接名词/代词)
例句:He failed the exam because of his carelessness.
as a result 结果(单独使用,后接句子)
例句:He didn’t study hard. As a result, he failed.
2. 条件关系
if 如果
例句:If it rains, we’ll stay at home.
unless 除非(= if not)
例句:You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.
3. 并列关系
not only...but also... 不仅…而且…
例句:She can not only sing but also dance.
both...and... …和…都
例句:Both Tom and Lily like swimming.
4. 转折关系
instead of 代替(后接名词/动名词)
例句:He watched TV instead of doing homework.
however 然而(句首,用逗号隔开)
例句:He was tired; however, he kept working.
5. 顺序关系
firstly...secondly...finally 第一…第二…最后
例句:Firstly, prepare the materials; secondly, start the experiment.
then 然后
例句:He finished his homework, then watched TV.
五、主题场景高频词汇
1. 环境保护
pollution /p lu n/ 污染
例句:Air pollution is a serious problem.
recycle /ri sa kl/ 回收利用
例句:We should recycle plastic bottles.
reduce /r dju s/ 减少
例句:We can reduce waste by reusing things.
2. 科技与发明
digital / d d tl/ 数字的
例句:We live in a digital age.
invention / n ven n/ 发明(名词)
例句:The light bulb is a great invention.
smart /smɑ t/ 智能的
例句:Smart phones have changed our lives.
3. 社会热点
volunteer / v l n t (r)/ 志愿者(补充名词用法)
例句:Many volunteers helped in the disaster area.
charity / t r ti/ 慈善
例句:They raised money for charity.
fair /fe (r)/ 公平的
例句:It’s not fair to treat others like that.
六、易混词辨析(中考常考)
1. cost/pay/spend/take
cost:物作主语,sth. cost (sb.) money
例:The book costs me 20 yuan.
pay:人作主语,pay (sb.) money for sth.
例:I paid 20 yuan for the book.
spend:人作主语,spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.
例:She spends two hours reading every day.
take:it作主语,It takes sb. time to do sth.
例:It took me an hour to finish the work.
2. rise/raise
rise:不及物动词,自然上升(sun rises)
raise:及物动词,人为举起(raise your hand)
3. affect/effect
affect:动词,影响(= influence)
effect:名词,效果(have an effect on)
七、干扰项“雷区”词汇(附真题案例)
雷区类型 典型词汇 真题陷阱示例(原文vs.干扰项)
过度绝对 all, must, never 原文:“Most students agree.” → 干扰项:“All students agree.”
偷换时态 was/were vs. is/are 原文:“She was a teacher.” → 干扰项:“She is a teacher.”
混淆地点 here/there 原文:“The event will be held in Beijing.” → 干扰项:“in Shanghai”
无中生有 原文未提的观点 原文讲“读书好处” → 干扰项:“看电视有害”
使用策略
1. 每日晨读:每天背诵20个高频词,结合例句造句强化记忆。
2. 真题实战:用真题练习时,圈出题干和选项中的高频词,对照原文找同义替换。
3. 错题归类:将错题中反复出现的生词整理成“个人易错词表”,重点突破。
通过系统性掌握这些词汇,配合逻辑关系分析和主题场景理解,中考阅读得分率将显著提升!
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