高考英语名词性从句复习学案
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高考英语名词性从句复习学案
一、学习目标
1. 透彻理解名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）的本质与结构。
2. 精准掌握引导词（that/whether/if/what/who/where等）的选择逻辑，攻克“从句语序”“时态呼应”“虚拟语气”等高频考点。
3. 区分易混淆句型（如同位语从句vs.定语从句、宾语从句vs.表语从句），避免常见语法错误。
4. 能在写作中灵活运用名词性从句提升句式丰富度与准确性。
二、知识体系构建
（一）名词性从句的本质与分类
定义：
名词性从句在句中充当名词成分，相当于“名词+从句”，可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
核心逻辑：从句在句中具有名词功能，引导词决定从句的意义和语法功能。
四大类型：
类型 功能 例句
主语从句 作主语 That he passed the exam is good news.
宾语从句 作动词/介词/形容词宾语 I believe that he is honest. / He is worried about whether he will fail.
表语从句 作表语（系动词后） The problem is that we have no time.
同位语从句 解释说明名词（如idea/fact） The news that he won the game made us excited.
（二）引导词的“三维”选择法
1. 第一维：判断从句“类型”
从句类型 常见引导词 例句
陈述句 that（无词义，可省略宾语从句中that） He said (that) he would come.
一般疑问句 whether/if（表“是否”，if仅限宾语从句） Whether he likes it is unknown. / Ask him if he likes it.
特殊疑问句 what/who/where/why/how等（保留疑问意义） What he said surprised me. / I don’t know where he lives.
2. 第二维：分析引导词“在从句中的成分”
成分 引导词举例 例句
主语 what/who/which What he wants is a book. / Who will win is unclear.
宾语 what/who/whom/which I know whom you are talking about.
表语 what/who/where/how This is what I want to say. / That’s where he lives.
定语 whose I know whose book this is.
状语 where/when/why/how This is why he left. / I don’t know how he did it.
不充当成分 that/whether/if That he is late is usual. / I wonder whether he is coming.
3. 第三维：牢记“特殊限制条件”
that的省略规则：
① 宾语从句中that可省略，但多个宾语从句并列时，仅第一个that可省：
He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest.
② 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中that不可省略。
whether与if的区别：
区别 whether if
主语从句 可用（可置于句首或用it作形式主语） 不可（只能用it作形式主语）
表语从句 可用 不可
同位语从句 可用 不可
介词宾语 可用 不可
or not连用 必须用whether（whether or not） 可用于if...or not（口语）
例句 Whether he comes is important. I don’t know if/whether he will come or not.
what的双重角色：
what=名词+that，在从句中既作成分又有实际意义：
What he said = The words that he said
例句：What we need is time.（what作need的宾语，=The thing that）
（三）四大从句核心考点解析
1. 主语从句：形式主语it的使用
常见结构：
① It + be + 形容词（necessary/strange/important）+ that从句
It is necessary that we (should) learn English.
② It + be + 名词（a pity/a fact/no wonder）+ that从句
It’s a pity that he missed the chance.
③ It + be + 过去分词（said/reported/believed）+ that从句
It is reported that it will rain tomorrow.
④ It + 不及物动词（seem/happen/appear）+ that从句
It seems that he is lying.
易错点：
误：That he is late make me angry.
正：That he is late makes me angry.（主语从句作主语，谓语用单数）
正：It makes me angry that he is late.（用it作形式主语更常见）
2. 宾语从句：时态呼应与否定转移
时态呼应规则：
① 主句为现在时（present tense），从句时态不限：
I know that he is a student. / I know that he was born in 2000.
② 主句为过去时（past tense），从句需用过去相关时态：
He said that he was tired. / She told me that she had finished the work.
③ 从句表示客观真理时，时态不变（用一般现在时）：
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
否定转移：
主语为I/we，谓语为think/believe/suppose等时，从句否定需转移到主句：
我认为他不会来。
误：I think he won’t come.
正：I don’t think he will come.
3. 表语从句：结构与引导词
核心结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句
系动词：be/feel/seem/become/look等
例句：
*The question is whether we can finish it on time.
*This is where I lived ten years ago.
特殊引导词：
① because引导表语从句（解释原因）：
*He was late. That’s because he missed the bus.
② why引导表语从句（说明结果）：
*He missed the bus. That’s why he was late.
4. 同位语从句：与定语从句的终极辨析
区别 同位语从句 定语从句
本质 解释说明名词（名词性） 修饰限定名词（形容词性）
引导词 that/whether/特殊疑问词（不充当成分） that/which/who等（充当成分）
先行词 多为抽象名词（idea/fact/news等） 可为任何名词
例句 The news that he died is true. The news that he told me is true.
关键判断法：
去掉从句，若原句意义完整→同位语从句；若不完整→定语从句。
The idea that we should go camping is good.（去掉从句，idea意义不完整→同位语从句）
The idea that he told me is good.（去掉从句，idea意义完整→定语从句）
（四）难点突破：三大高频易错点
1. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
宾语从句：
① 表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词（suggest/order/require）后，从句用*(should)+动词原形*：
He suggested that we (should) start early.
② wish后的宾语从句表虚拟：
I wish I were taller.（与现在相反）
I wish I had studied harder.（与过去相反）
主语从句：
It is strange/necessary/important that...结构中，从句用*(should)+动词原形*：
It is important that we (should) protect the environment.
2. 介词后的宾语从句
不可用if引导，只能用whether/特殊疑问词：
误：He is worried about if he will fail.
正：He is worried about whether he will fail.
what与that的辨析：
*He is thinking about what he should do.（what作do的宾语）
*He is thinking about that he should study hard.（that不充当成分，表陈述）
3. 复杂句式：嵌套式名词性从句
例句：
I believe that what he told us yesterday is true.
（主句：I believe；宾语从句：that what he told us yesterday is true；
宾语从句中含主语从句：what he told us yesterday）
解题步骤：
① 找主句谓语（believe）；② 确定从句边界（从that到句尾）；③ 分析从句内结构（what作told的宾语）。
三、阶梯式专项训练
（一）基础巩固：单句填空（每小题1分，共10分）
1. ______ he will come is not clear.
2. I know ______ he is a good student.
3. The problem is ______ we have no money.
4. The news ______ our team won made us happy.
5. She asked ______ he was late.
6. It is certain ______ he will succeed.
7. I wonder ______ he likes coffee or not.
8. This is ______ I want to tell you.
9. He was angry about ______ she said.
10. The fact ______ she lied surprised us.
（二）能力提升：单选题（每小题2分，共30分）
1. ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.（2021全国卷）
A. That B. What C. Who D. Which
2. I don’t know ______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; If C. if; That D. that; If
3. The manager asked me ______ I needed any help.
A. whether B. that C. what D. which
4. The reason for his success is ______ he worked hard.
A. why B. that C. because D. what
5. The idea ______ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
6. It is suggested *______ the meeting ______ put off.
A. that; be B. which; should be C. that; was D. what; is
7. ______ is known to all, China is a developing country.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
8. I doubt ______ he will solve the problem.
A. whether B. that C. what D. which
9. The question is ______ the film is well worth watching.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
10. He told me *______ his father had died and ______ he had to live alone.
A. that; / B. /; that C. /; / D. that; which
11. It is no longer a question now ______ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
12. I think it is ______ you’re eating too much.
A. that B. what C. where D. why
13. ______ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Whoever B. No matter who C. Whomever D. Who
14. The teacher told us *______ the sun ______ in the east.
A. that; rises B. that; rose C. if; rises D. if; rose
15. He was interested in ______ he had seen at the exhibition.
A. which B. that C. all what D. what
（三）高考真题实战（每小题3分，共15分）
1.（2023新高考）______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
2.（2022北京卷）We must find out ______ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
3.（2021浙江卷）It is not clear ______ the government will do to end the strike.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
4.（2020全国卷）The student completed this experiment to make clear ______ iron reacts with air and water.
A. what B. whether C. that D. how
5.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
（四）翻译与写作（共20分）
1. 翻译句子（每小题5分，共10分）：
① 他是否会来取决于天气。
② 我建议我们明天早上早点出发。
2. 句式升级（用名词性从句合并句子，每小题5分，共10分）：
① The earth is round. The teacher told us.
② He didn’t come to school. The reason was that he was ill.
（五）改错（每小题2分，共10分）
1. That he needs is more time.
2. I don’t know if to go or stay.
3. The news which our team has won is true.
4. It is said when he is a famous writer.
5. He suggested that we must start early.
四、答案解析与易错提醒
（一）基础巩固答案（续）
易错点：
第1题：主语从句表“是否”用whether更准确，that无词义但语法也成立（需根据语境判断）。
第7题：与or not连用只能用whether，不可用if。
（二）能力提升答案
1. B
解析：主语从句中缺主语，what表示“什么”，相当于the thing that。
2. B
解析：第一空表“是否”可用whether/if，第二空引导条件状语从句用if（不可用whether）。
3. A
解析：宾语从句表“是否需要帮助”，用whether/if，此处选whether更正式。
4. B
解析：表语从句说明原因的内容，用that（the reason is that...为固定结构，不可用because）。
5. A
解析：同位语从句解释idea的内容，引导词that不充当成分（不可用which）。
6. A
解析：It is suggested that...结构中，从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）。
7. B
解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首表“正如”，which不可置于句首。
8. A
解析：doubt用于肯定句时，宾语从句用whether/if表“是否”；用于否定句时用that。
9. C
解析：表语从句中表“是否”用whether（不可用if）。
10. B
解析：并列宾语从句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略。
11. A
解析：同位语从句解释question的内容，表确定事实用that（whether表不确定，与no longer矛盾）。
12. D
解析：表语从句解释原因，用why（=the reason is that...）。
13. A
解析：whoever引导主语从句（=anyone who），表“无论谁”，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。
14. A
解析：宾语从句表示客观真理，时态用一般现在时（rises），引导词用that（可省略）。
15. D
解析：what引导宾语从句并充当seen的宾语，all what=what（但all what为错误表达，直接用what即可）。
（三）高考真题答案
1. A
解析：主语从句缺主语，what表示“最重要的事情”。
2. A
解析：宾语从句缺时间状语，用when表“卡尔什么时候来”。
3. B
解析：主语从句中do缺宾语，用what表示“政府会做什么”。
4. D
解析：宾语从句缺方式状语，用how表“铁如何与空气和水反应”。
5. B
解析：同位语从句解释evidence的内容，引导词that不充当成分（不可用which）。
（四）翻译与写作答案
1. ① Whether he will come depends on the weather.
（主语从句用whether表“是否”，depend on固定搭配）
② I suggest that we (should) start early tomorrow morning.
（宾语从句用虚拟语气，should可省略）
2. ① The teacher told us that the earth is round.
（用that引导宾语从句，客观真理时态不变）
② The reason why he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
（用the reason why...was that...结构，整合原因状语从句和表语从句）
（五）改错答案
1. That→What
解析：主语从句中needs缺宾语，用what（that不充当成分）。
2. if→whether
解析：whether to do为固定结构，if不可接不定式。
3. which→that
解析：同位语从句解释news的内容，用that（which用于定语从句且充当成分）。
4. when→that
解析：It is said that...为固定句型，that引导主语从句（it为形式主语）。
5. must→should或删除must
解析：suggest后的宾语从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）。
五、备考策略与资源推荐
（一）记忆口诀（快速掌握核心规则）
“名词从句四类型，主宾表同要分清；
陈述that疑whether，特殊问句代疑问；
主语从句it替身，宾语时态看主句；
表语回答‘是什么’，同位解释抽象词；
虚拟语气记特殊，suggest/order后加‘(should) do’；
否定转移莫忘记，I think否定在主句。”
（二）每日训练计划
时间 任务 示例题目
早晨 背诵10个经典名词性从句例句 What you said is right. / I wonder whether she will agree.
午休 专攻1类难点（如虚拟语气/否定转移） 分析真题中suggest/order后的从句结构
晚上 翻译5个句子并对比答案，总结引导词选择逻辑 将简单句合并为名词性从句：He is a doctor. I know it. → I know that he is a doctor.
周末 限时完成1篇高考语法填空或短文改错，集中突破易错点 练习含名词性从句的语篇，如2023年全国卷语法填空
（三）推荐资源
1. 语法书：《张道真实用英语语法》名词性从句章节（详细解析引导词用法）
2. 真题集：《高考英语真题超详解》（分类整理近5年名词性从句真题）
3. 在线课程：网易有道《高考英语语法专项突破》（名词性从句专题讲解）
4. 写作工具：Grammarly（检查名词性从句的语序和时态错误）
六、写作提升：名词性从句在书面表达中的高级应用
1. 主语从句提升句式复杂度
普通表达：
Learning English is important.
高级表达：
That learning English is important for us has become a common knowledge.
或 It is a common knowledge that learning English is important for us.
2. 表语从句丰富结尾段落
普通表达：
The problem is clear.
高级表达：
The problem is that we lack enough time and money to carry out the plan.
3. 同位语从句强化逻辑论证
示例：
I hold the belief that hard work will finally pay off.
（用同位语从句解释belief的具体内容，增强说服力）
4. 宾语从句实现复杂观点表达
示例：
I strongly believe that not only should we study hard, but also we need to improve our practical abilities.
（宾语从句中嵌套倒装结构，提升句式难度）
七、常见错误总结与规避
错误类型 典型错误例句 正确表达 规避策略
引导词误用 If he comes is unknown. Whether he comes is unknown. 牢记whether用于主语/表语/同位语从句
that省略错误 He said he was tired and wanted to rest. He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest. 并列宾语从句中后一个that不可省略
时态呼应错误 He told me that he will go to Beijing. He told me that he would go to Beijing. 主句为过去时，从句用过去相关时态
虚拟语气遗漏 His suggestion is that we must start early. His suggestion is that we (should) start early. 记住“建议、命令、要求”类动词后的虚拟语气
同位语与定语从句混淆 The news which our team won made us happy. The news that our team won made us happy. 用“能否去掉从句”判断：能→同位语；不能→定语
通过系统梳理名词性从句的结构、引导词选择和高频考点，结合针对性训练与写作应用，你将逐步掌握这一核心语法点。坚持每日积累，错题及时复盘，高考中定能轻松应对各类名词性从句题目！
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高考英语名词性从句复习学案
一、学习目标
1. 透彻理解名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）的本质与结构。
2. 精准掌握引导词（that/whether/if/what/who/where等）的选择逻辑，攻克“从句语序”“时态呼应”“虚拟语气”等高频考点。
3. 区分易混淆句型（如同位语从句vs.定语从句、宾语从句vs.表语从句），避免常见语法错误。
4. 能在写作中灵活运用名词性从句提升句式丰富度与准确性。
二、知识体系构建
（一）名词性从句的本质与分类
定义：
名词性从句在句中充当名词成分，相当于“名词+从句”，可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
核心逻辑：从句在句中具有名词功能，引导词决定从句的意义和语法功能。
四大类型：
类型 功能 例句
主语从句 作主语 That he passed the exam is good news.
宾语从句 作动词/介词/形容词宾语 I believe that he is honest. / He is worried about whether he will fail.
表语从句 作表语（系动词后） The problem is that we have no time.
同位语从句 解释说明名词（如idea/fact） The news that he won the game made us excited.
（二）引导词的“三维”选择法
1. 第一维：判断从句“类型”
从句类型 常见引导词 例句
陈述句 that（无词义，可省略宾语从句中that） He said (that) he would come.
一般疑问句 whether/if（表“是否”，if仅限宾语从句） Whether he likes it is unknown. / Ask him if he likes it.
特殊疑问句 what/who/where/why/how等（保留疑问意义） What he said surprised me. / I don’t know where he lives.
2. 第二维：分析引导词“在从句中的成分”
成分 引导词举例 例句
主语 what/who/which What he wants is a book. / Who will win is unclear.
宾语 what/who/whom/which I know whom you are talking about.
表语 what/who/where/how This is what I want to say. / That’s where he lives.
定语 whose I know whose book this is.
状语 where/when/why/how This is why he left. / I don’t know how he did it.
不充当成分 that/whether/if That he is late is usual. / I wonder whether he is coming.
3. 第三维：牢记“特殊限制条件”
that的省略规则：
① 宾语从句中that可省略，但多个宾语从句并列时，仅第一个that可省：
He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest.
② 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中that不可省略。
whether与if的区别：
区别 whether if
主语从句 可用（可置于句首或用it作形式主语） 不可（只能用it作形式主语）
表语从句 可用 不可
同位语从句 可用 不可
介词宾语 可用 不可
or not连用 必须用whether（whether or not） 可用于if...or not（口语）
例句 Whether he comes is important. I don’t know if/whether he will come or not.
what的双重角色：
what=名词+that，在从句中既作成分又有实际意义：
What he said = The words that he said
例句：What we need is time.（what作need的宾语，=The thing that）
（三）四大从句核心考点解析
1. 主语从句：形式主语it的使用
常见结构：
① It + be + 形容词（necessary/strange/important）+ that从句
It is necessary that we (should) learn English.
② It + be + 名词（a pity/a fact/no wonder）+ that从句
It’s a pity that he missed the chance.
③ It + be + 过去分词（said/reported/believed）+ that从句
It is reported that it will rain tomorrow.
④ It + 不及物动词（seem/happen/appear）+ that从句
It seems that he is lying.
易错点：
误：That he is late make me angry.
正：That he is late makes me angry.（主语从句作主语，谓语用单数）
正：It makes me angry that he is late.（用it作形式主语更常见）
2. 宾语从句：时态呼应与否定转移
时态呼应规则：
① 主句为现在时（present tense），从句时态不限：
I know that he is a student. / I know that he was born in 2000.
② 主句为过去时（past tense），从句需用过去相关时态：
He said that he was tired. / She told me that she had finished the work.
③ 从句表示客观真理时，时态不变（用一般现在时）：
The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
否定转移：
主语为I/we，谓语为think/believe/suppose等时，从句否定需转移到主句：
我认为他不会来。
误：I think he won’t come.
正：I don’t think he will come.
3. 表语从句：结构与引导词
核心结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句
系动词：be/feel/seem/become/look等
例句：
*The question is whether we can finish it on time.
*This is where I lived ten years ago.
特殊引导词：
① because引导表语从句（解释原因）：
*He was late. That’s because he missed the bus.
② why引导表语从句（说明结果）：
*He missed the bus. That’s why he was late.
4. 同位语从句：与定语从句的终极辨析
区别 同位语从句 定语从句
本质 解释说明名词（名词性） 修饰限定名词（形容词性）
引导词 that/whether/特殊疑问词（不充当成分） that/which/who等（充当成分）
先行词 多为抽象名词（idea/fact/news等） 可为任何名词
例句 The news that he died is true. The news that he told me is true.
关键判断法：
去掉从句，若原句意义完整→同位语从句；若不完整→定语从句。
The idea that we should go camping is good.（去掉从句，idea意义不完整→同位语从句）
The idea that he told me is good.（去掉从句，idea意义完整→定语从句）
（四）难点突破：三大高频易错点
1. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
宾语从句：
① 表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词（suggest/order/require）后，从句用*(should)+动词原形*：
He suggested that we (should) start early.
② wish后的宾语从句表虚拟：
I wish I were taller.（与现在相反）
I wish I had studied harder.（与过去相反）
主语从句：
It is strange/necessary/important that...结构中，从句用*(should)+动词原形*：
It is important that we (should) protect the environment.
2. 介词后的宾语从句
不可用if引导，只能用whether/特殊疑问词：
误：He is worried about if he will fail.
正：He is worried about whether he will fail.
what与that的辨析：
*He is thinking about what he should do.（what作do的宾语）
*He is thinking about that he should study hard.（that不充当成分，表陈述）
3. 复杂句式：嵌套式名词性从句
例句：
I believe that what he told us yesterday is true.
（主句：I believe；宾语从句：that what he told us yesterday is true；
宾语从句中含主语从句：what he told us yesterday）
解题步骤：
① 找主句谓语（believe）；② 确定从句边界（从that到句尾）；③ 分析从句内结构（what作told的宾语）。
三、阶梯式专项训练
（一）基础巩固：单句填空（每小题1分，共10分）
1. ______ he will come is not clear.
2. I know ______ he is a good student.
3. The problem is ______ we have no money.
4. The news ______ our team won made us happy.
5. She asked ______ he was late.
6. It is certain ______ he will succeed.
7. I wonder ______ he likes coffee or not.
8. This is ______ I want to tell you.
9. He was angry about ______ she said.
10. The fact ______ she lied surprised us.
（二）能力提升：单选题（每小题2分，共30分）
1. ______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.（2021全国卷）
A. That B. What C. Who D. Which
2. I don’t know ______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; If C. if; That D. that; If
3. The manager asked me ______ I needed any help.
A. whether B. that C. what D. which
4. The reason for his success is ______ he worked hard.
A. why B. that C. because D. what
5. The idea ______ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
6. It is suggested *______ the meeting ______ put off.
A. that; be B. which; should be C. that; was D. what; is
7. ______ is known to all, China is a developing country.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
8. I doubt ______ he will solve the problem.
A. whether B. that C. what D. which
9. The question is ______ the film is well worth watching.
A. if B. what C. whether D. how
10. He told me *______ his father had died and ______ he had to live alone.
A. that; / B. /; that C. /; / D. that; which
11. It is no longer a question now ______ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
12. I think it is ______ you’re eating too much.
A. that B. what C. where D. why
13. ______ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Whoever B. No matter who C. Whomever D. Who
14. The teacher told us *______ the sun ______ in the east.
A. that; rises B. that; rose C. if; rises D. if; rose
15. He was interested in ______ he had seen at the exhibition.
A. which B. that C. all what D. what
（三）高考真题实战（每小题3分，共15分）
1.（2023新高考）______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
2.（2022北京卷）We must find out ______ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
3.（2021浙江卷）It is not clear ______ the government will do to end the strike.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
4.（2020全国卷）The student completed this experiment to make clear ______ iron reacts with air and water.
A. what B. whether C. that D. how
5.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ______ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
（四）翻译与写作（共20分）
1. 翻译句子（每小题5分，共10分）：
① 他是否会来取决于天气。
② 我建议我们明天早上早点出发。
2. 句式升级（用名词性从句合并句子，每小题5分，共10分）：
① The earth is round. The teacher told us.
② He didn’t come to school. The reason was that he was ill.
（五）改错（每小题2分，共10分）
1. That he needs is more time.
2. I don’t know if to go or stay.
3. The news which our team has won is true.
4. It is said when he is a famous writer.
5. He suggested that we must start early.
四、答案解析与易错提醒
（一）基础巩固答案（续）
易错点：
第1题：主语从句表“是否”用whether更准确，that无词义但语法也成立（需根据语境判断）。
第7题：与or not连用只能用whether，不可用if。
（二）能力提升答案
1. B
解析：主语从句中缺主语，what表示“什么”，相当于the thing that。
2. B
解析：第一空表“是否”可用whether/if，第二空引导条件状语从句用if（不可用whether）。
3. A
解析：宾语从句表“是否需要帮助”，用whether/if，此处选whether更正式。
4. B
解析：表语从句说明原因的内容，用that（the reason is that...为固定结构，不可用because）。
5. A
解析：同位语从句解释idea的内容，引导词that不充当成分（不可用which）。
6. A
解析：It is suggested that...结构中，从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）。
7. B
解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首表“正如”，which不可置于句首。
8. A
解析：doubt用于肯定句时，宾语从句用whether/if表“是否”；用于否定句时用that。
9. C
解析：表语从句中表“是否”用whether（不可用if）。
10. B
解析：并列宾语从句中，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略。
11. A
解析：同位语从句解释question的内容，表确定事实用that（whether表不确定，与no longer矛盾）。
12. D
解析：表语从句解释原因，用why（=the reason is that...）。
13. A
解析：whoever引导主语从句（=anyone who），表“无论谁”，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。
14. A
解析：宾语从句表示客观真理，时态用一般现在时（rises），引导词用that（可省略）。
15. D
解析：what引导宾语从句并充当seen的宾语，all what=what（但all what为错误表达，直接用what即可）。
（三）高考真题答案
1. A
解析：主语从句缺主语，what表示“最重要的事情”。
2. A
解析：宾语从句缺时间状语，用when表“卡尔什么时候来”。
3. B
解析：主语从句中do缺宾语，用what表示“政府会做什么”。
4. D
解析：宾语从句缺方式状语，用how表“铁如何与空气和水反应”。
5. B
解析：同位语从句解释evidence的内容，引导词that不充当成分（不可用which）。
（四）翻译与写作答案
1. ① Whether he will come depends on the weather.
（主语从句用whether表“是否”，depend on固定搭配）
② I suggest that we (should) start early tomorrow morning.
（宾语从句用虚拟语气，should可省略）
2. ① The teacher told us that the earth is round.
（用that引导宾语从句，客观真理时态不变）
② The reason why he didn’t come to school was that he was ill.
（用the reason why...was that...结构，整合原因状语从句和表语从句）
（五）改错答案
1. That→What
解析：主语从句中needs缺宾语，用what（that不充当成分）。
2. if→whether
解析：whether to do为固定结构，if不可接不定式。
3. which→that
解析：同位语从句解释news的内容，用that（which用于定语从句且充当成分）。
4. when→that
解析：It is said that...为固定句型，that引导主语从句（it为形式主语）。
5. must→should或删除must
解析：suggest后的宾语从句用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）。
五、备考策略与资源推荐
（一）记忆口诀（快速掌握核心规则）
“名词从句四类型，主宾表同要分清；
陈述that疑whether，特殊问句代疑问；
主语从句it替身，宾语时态看主句；
表语回答‘是什么’，同位解释抽象词；
虚拟语气记特殊，suggest/order后加‘(should) do’；
否定转移莫忘记，I think否定在主句。”
（二）每日训练计划
时间 任务 示例题目
早晨 背诵10个经典名词性从句例句 What you said is right. / I wonder whether she will agree.
午休 专攻1类难点（如虚拟语气/否定转移） 分析真题中suggest/order后的从句结构
晚上 翻译5个句子并对比答案，总结引导词选择逻辑 将简单句合并为名词性从句：He is a doctor. I know it. → I know that he is a doctor.
周末 限时完成1篇高考语法填空或短文改错，集中突破易错点 练习含名词性从句的语篇，如2023年全国卷语法填空
（三）推荐资源
1. 语法书：《张道真实用英语语法》名词性从句章节（详细解析引导词用法）
2. 真题集：《高考英语真题超详解》（分类整理近5年名词性从句真题）
3. 在线课程：网易有道《高考英语语法专项突破》（名词性从句专题讲解）
4. 写作工具：Grammarly（检查名词性从句的语序和时态错误）
六、写作提升：名词性从句在书面表达中的高级应用
1. 主语从句提升句式复杂度
普通表达：
Learning English is important.
高级表达：
That learning English is important for us has become a common knowledge.
或 It is a common knowledge that learning English is important for us.
2. 表语从句丰富结尾段落
普通表达：
The problem is clear.
高级表达：
The problem is that we lack enough time and money to carry out the plan.
3. 同位语从句强化逻辑论证
示例：
I hold the belief that hard work will finally pay off.
（用同位语从句解释belief的具体内容，增强说服力）
4. 宾语从句实现复杂观点表达
示例：
I strongly believe that not only should we study hard, but also we need to improve our practical abilities.
（宾语从句中嵌套倒装结构，提升句式难度）
七、常见错误总结与规避
错误类型 典型错误例句 正确表达 规避策略
引导词误用 If he comes is unknown. Whether he comes is unknown. 牢记whether用于主语/表语/同位语从句
that省略错误 He said he was tired and wanted to rest. He said (that) he was tired and that he wanted to rest. 并列宾语从句中后一个that不可省略
时态呼应错误 He told me that he will go to Beijing. He told me that he would go to Beijing. 主句为过去时，从句用过去相关时态
虚拟语气遗漏 His suggestion is that we must start early. His suggestion is that we (should) start early. 记住“建议、命令、要求”类动词后的虚拟语气
同位语与定语从句混淆 The news which our team won made us happy. The news that our team won made us happy. 用“能否去掉从句”判断：能→同位语；不能→定语
通过系统梳理名词性从句的结构、引导词选择和高频考点，结合针对性训练与写作应用，你将逐步掌握这一核心语法点。坚持每日积累，错题及时复盘，高考中定能轻松应对各类名词性从句题目！
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