高考英语介词与介词短语学案
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高考英语介词与介词短语专题学案
（核心考点+易混辨析+真题突破）
一、介词分类与核心用法
1. 简单介词（高频考点）
介词 时间用法 地点/方位用法 其他抽象用法
at 具体时刻：at 3:15固定短语：at dawn/dusk 小地点：at the bus stop门牌号码：at 56 Park Road 价格/速度：at $100, at high speed
in 时间段：in spring, in 2023早/中/晚：in the afternoon 大地点：in Beijing, in Europe内部空间：in the box 材料/方式：in ink, in English
on 具体某天：on Monday, on Teachers’ Day某天早/中/晚：on the evening of May 1st 表面接触：on the roof, on the page线路/平面：on the line, on the map 关于：a book on science状态：on fire, on duty
by 截止时间：by Friday被动执行者：written by Mark 方式手段：by plane, by hand 增减幅度：increase by 20%
with — 伴随工具：write with a pen附属特征：a girl with long hair 原因/状态：shiver with cold, with pleasure
2. 复合介词（易忽略考点）
into：进入（动态）：jump into the river, change into a butterfly
onto：到……上面（接触）：climb onto the stage, put the book onto the shelf
within：在……范围内（时间/空间）：within 5 minutes, within 10 miles
without：没有（伴随否定）：without hesitation, live without water
二、易混介词对比（附真题示例）
1. 时间介词
in vs. after
in + 时间段：表“在……之后”（用于将来时）
例：He will return in two weeks.（他两周后回来。）
after + 时间点/时间段：表“在……之后”（用于过去时或将来时）
例：After three days, he finally arrived.（三天后，他终于到了。）
since vs. for
since + 时间点：自……以来（主句用现在完成时）
例：She has worked here since 2020.（她从2020年起就在这里工作。）
for + 时间段：持续……时间
例：He has been ill for a week.（他已经病了一周了。）
2. 地点介词
across vs. through vs. past
across：从表面横跨（二维）
例：swim across the lake（游过湖泊）
through：从内部穿过（三维）
例：walk through the forest（穿过森林）
past：从旁边经过
例：go past the bookstore（经过书店）
over vs. above vs. on
over：正上方（垂直，无接触）
例：a bridge over the river（河上的桥）
above：上方（不垂直）
例：a light above the desk（书桌上方的灯）
on：表面接触
例：a cup on the table（桌上的杯子）
3. 逻辑关系介词
besides vs. except vs. except for
besides：除……之外（包含）
例：Besides Tom, we all passed the exam.（除了汤姆，我们都通过了考试。）
except：除……之外（排除，同类事物）
例：Everyone attended except Mary.（除了玛丽，所有人都参加了。）
except for：除……之外（修正整体，不同类事物）
例：The room is clean except for the dust.（除了灰尘，房间很干净。）
because of vs. due to vs. owing to
because of：较口语化，后接名词/代词
例：He failed because of his carelessness.
due to：较正式，常接在be动词后
例：The delay was due to bad weather.
owing to：可置于句首或句中
例：Owing to the rain, the match was canceled.
三、介词短语固定搭配（高频考点）
1. 动词+介词/副词
短语 含义 例句
consist of 由……组成 The team consists of 12 members.
result in 导致 Laziness results in failure.
result from 由……引起 His illness resulted from lack of sleep.
rely on 依赖 We rely on him for advice.
refer to 提及；参考 Don’t refer to this matter again.
adapt to 适应 She adapted quickly to the new environment.
2. 形容词+介词
anxious about：担心……
例：He is anxious about the exam results.
good at：擅长……
例：She is good at playing the piano.
familiar with/to：熟悉……（人作主语用with；物作主语用to）
例：I’m familiar with this song. / This song is familiar to me.
responsible for：对……负责
例：Who is responsible for this project
3. 名词+介词
the solution to：……的解决方案
例：There is no easy solution to this problem.
the approach to：……的方法
例：His approach to teaching is very effective.
advantage/disadvantage of：……的优势/劣势
例：The advantage of online learning is flexibility.
connection between：……之间的联系
例：Is there a connection between smoking and cancer
四、介词在从句中的应用
1. 定语从句中的介词
介词+关系代词（which/whom）
例：This is the house in which I grew up.（= This is the house where I grew up.）
考点：介词的选择依据从句中的动词搭配（如live in, depend on）或先行词的逻辑关系。
介词短语作状语
例：The company for which he works is a leader in technology.（= The company he works for…）
2. 宾语从句中的介词
介词后接宾语从句时，需注意连接词的使用（that不可省略）
例：I’m thinking about how we can improve our efficiency.
误：I’m thinking about we can improve our efficiency.
五、高考真题突破
1. 语境辨析题
【2023全国卷】
The meeting will be held ______ the morning of June 15th, and all participants should arrive ______ 9:00 AM.
A. in; at B. on; by C. at; before D. on; in
答案：B
解析：具体某天上午用on；“截止到9点”用by，表“不迟于”。
2. 固定搭配题
【2022新高考卷】
She is passionate ______ environmental protection and often volunteers for tree-planting activities.
A. about B. with C. for D. at
答案：A
解析：be passionate about（热爱……）为固定搭配。
3. 从句介词题
【2021北京卷】
The city ______ he once lived has become a modern metropolis.
A. which B. that C. where D. in that
答案：C
解析：live为不及物动词，需用where或in which引导定语从句，故选where。
六、备考策略与误区警示
1. 记忆技巧
口诀辅助：
“上午下午晚上in，具体某天on在前；
时刻、地点小用at，工具、伴随with连；
穿过内部through，表面横跨across选。”
场景联想：通过图片或生活场景记忆介词，如“under the umbrella”“beside the window”。
2. 常见误区
误：I will finish the work until Friday.
正：I will finish the work by Friday.（until表“直到”，by表“截止到”）
误：He is sitting next the window.
正：He is sitting next to the window.（next to为固定短语，不可省略to）
误：Despite of the rain, we went hiking.
正：Despite the rain, we went hiking.（despite后直接接名词，无需of）
七、强化训练（课后练习）
1. 单项选择
1. Th
A. in; in B. on; / C. in; / D. on; in
2. The little girl hid herself ______ the door, waiting to surprise her mother.
A. behind B. under C. across D. above
3. ______ his lack of experience, he did a remarkable job in the project.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. Instead of D. According to
2. 语法填空
1. The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular.
2. She is interested ______ painting and often spends weekends in the art studio.
3. The key ______ solving the problem is to find out the root cause.
3. 翻译句子
1. 除了英语，他还会说法语。
2. 这本书是关于太空探索的。
3. 我们应该在周五前完成这个项目。
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高考英语介词与介词短语专题学案
（核心考点+易混辨析+真题突破）
一、介词分类与核心用法
1. 简单介词（高频考点）
介词 时间用法 地点/方位用法 其他抽象用法
at 具体时刻：at 3:15固定短语：at dawn/dusk 小地点：at the bus stop门牌号码：at 56 Park Road 价格/速度：at $100, at high speed
in 时间段：in spring, in 2023早/中/晚：in the afternoon 大地点：in Beijing, in Europe内部空间：in the box 材料/方式：in ink, in English
on 具体某天：on Monday, on Teachers’ Day某天早/中/晚：on the evening of May 1st 表面接触：on the roof, on the page线路/平面：on the line, on the map 关于：a book on science状态：on fire, on duty
by 截止时间：by Friday被动执行者：written by Mark 方式手段：by plane, by hand 增减幅度：increase by 20%
with — 伴随工具：write with a pen附属特征：a girl with long hair 原因/状态：shiver with cold, with pleasure
2. 复合介词（易忽略考点）
into：进入（动态）：jump into the river, change into a butterfly
onto：到……上面（接触）：climb onto the stage, put the book onto the shelf
within：在……范围内（时间/空间）：within 5 minutes, within 10 miles
without：没有（伴随否定）：without hesitation, live without water
二、易混介词对比（附真题示例）
1. 时间介词
in vs. after
in + 时间段：表“在……之后”（用于将来时）
例：He will return in two weeks.（他两周后回来。）
after + 时间点/时间段：表“在……之后”（用于过去时或将来时）
例：After three days, he finally arrived.（三天后，他终于到了。）
since vs. for
since + 时间点：自……以来（主句用现在完成时）
例：She has worked here since 2020.（她从2020年起就在这里工作。）
for + 时间段：持续……时间
例：He has been ill for a week.（他已经病了一周了。）
2. 地点介词
across vs. through vs. past
across：从表面横跨（二维）
例：swim across the lake（游过湖泊）
through：从内部穿过（三维）
例：walk through the forest（穿过森林）
past：从旁边经过
例：go past the bookstore（经过书店）
over vs. above vs. on
over：正上方（垂直，无接触）
例：a bridge over the river（河上的桥）
above：上方（不垂直）
例：a light above the desk（书桌上方的灯）
on：表面接触
例：a cup on the table（桌上的杯子）
3. 逻辑关系介词
besides vs. except vs. except for
besides：除……之外（包含）
例：Besides Tom, we all passed the exam.（除了汤姆，我们都通过了考试。）
except：除……之外（排除，同类事物）
例：Everyone attended except Mary.（除了玛丽，所有人都参加了。）
except for：除……之外（修正整体，不同类事物）
例：The room is clean except for the dust.（除了灰尘，房间很干净。）
because of vs. due to vs. owing to
because of：较口语化，后接名词/代词
例：He failed because of his carelessness.
due to：较正式，常接在be动词后
例：The delay was due to bad weather.
owing to：可置于句首或句中
例：Owing to the rain, the match was canceled.
三、介词短语固定搭配（高频考点）
1. 动词+介词/副词
短语 含义 例句
consist of 由……组成 The team consists of 12 members.
result in 导致 Laziness results in failure.
result from 由……引起 His illness resulted from lack of sleep.
rely on 依赖 We rely on him for advice.
refer to 提及；参考 Don’t refer to this matter again.
adapt to 适应 She adapted quickly to the new environment.
2. 形容词+介词
anxious about：担心……
例：He is anxious about the exam results.
good at：擅长……
例：She is good at playing the piano.
familiar with/to：熟悉……（人作主语用with；物作主语用to）
例：I’m familiar with this song. / This song is familiar to me.
responsible for：对……负责
例：Who is responsible for this project
3. 名词+介词
the solution to：……的解决方案
例：There is no easy solution to this problem.
the approach to：……的方法
例：His approach to teaching is very effective.
advantage/disadvantage of：……的优势/劣势
例：The advantage of online learning is flexibility.
connection between：……之间的联系
例：Is there a connection between smoking and cancer
四、介词在从句中的应用
1. 定语从句中的介词
介词+关系代词（which/whom）
例：This is the house in which I grew up.（= This is the house where I grew up.）
考点：介词的选择依据从句中的动词搭配（如live in, depend on）或先行词的逻辑关系。
介词短语作状语
例：The company for which he works is a leader in technology.（= The company he works for…）
2. 宾语从句中的介词
介词后接宾语从句时，需注意连接词的使用（that不可省略）
例：I’m thinking about how we can improve our efficiency.
误：I’m thinking about we can improve our efficiency.
五、高考真题突破
1. 语境辨析题
【2023全国卷】
The meeting will be held ______ the morning of June 15th, and all participants should arrive ______ 9:00 AM.
A. in; at B. on; by C. at; before D. on; in
答案：B
解析：具体某天上午用on；“截止到9点”用by，表“不迟于”。
2. 固定搭配题
【2022新高考卷】
She is passionate ______ environmental protection and often volunteers for tree-planting activities.
A. about B. with C. for D. at
答案：A
解析：be passionate about（热爱……）为固定搭配。
3. 从句介词题
【2021北京卷】
The city ______ he once lived has become a modern metropolis.
A. which B. that C. where D. in that
答案：C
解析：live为不及物动词，需用where或in which引导定语从句，故选where。
六、备考策略与误区警示
1. 记忆技巧
口诀辅助：
“上午下午晚上in，具体某天on在前；
时刻、地点小用at，工具、伴随with连；
穿过内部through，表面横跨across选。”
场景联想：通过图片或生活场景记忆介词，如“under the umbrella”“beside the window”。
2. 常见误区
误：I will finish the work until Friday.
正：I will finish the work by Friday.（until表“直到”，by表“截止到”）
误：He is sitting next the window.
正：He is sitting next to the window.（next to为固定短语，不可省略to）
误：Despite of the rain, we went hiking.
正：Despite the rain, we went hiking.（despite后直接接名词，无需of）
七、强化训练（课后练习）
1. 单项选择
1. Th
A. in; in B. on; / C. in; / D. on; in
2. The little girl hid herself ______ the door, waiting to surprise her mother.
A. behind B. under C. across D. above
3. ______ his lack of experience, he did a remarkable job in the project.
A. Because of B. In spite of C. Instead of D. According to
2. 语法填空
1. The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular.
2. She is interested ______ painting and often spends weekends in the art studio.
3. The key ______ solving the problem is to find out the root cause.
3. 翻译句子
1. 除了英语，他还会说法语。
2. 这本书是关于太空探索的。
3. 我们应该在周五前完成这个项目。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)