中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语形容词和副词专项复习学案
一、复习目标
1. 掌握形容词/副词的基本用法及区别(修饰对象、位置等)。
2. 攻克比较级、最高级的规则变化与不规则变化。
3. 突破语法填空、短文改错、写作中形容词/副词的高频考点。
二、核心知识梳理
(一)形容词的用法
1. 作定语
位置:一般位于名词前,不定代词后(如something interesting)。
例:She is a beautiful girl. / I have something important to tell you.
多个形容词排序:限定词→描绘性形容词→大小/长短→形状→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料。
例:a new small round green Chinese silk bag(一个新的绿色小圆中国丝绸包)。
2. 作表语
位于系动词后(be/look/sound/taste/smell/feel/become/get/grow等)。
例:The milk tastes sour. / He became angry after hearing the news.
易错点:部分以-ly结尾的词是形容词(如lonely, friendly, lively),而非副词。
3. 作宾语补足语
补充说明宾语的状态。
例:We keep the classroom clean. / He made me happy.
(二)副词的用法
1. 作状语
修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
例:She sings beautifully.(修饰动词) / He is very tall.(修饰形容词)
例:Luckily, we arrived on time.(修饰整个句子)
2. 分类
时间副词:now, then, recently, already
地点副词:here, there, everywhere
程度副词:very, much, almost, hardly
方式副词:carefully, quickly, quietly
频度副词:often, seldom, never, usually(位于实义动词前,be动词/助动词后)
3. 形容词与副词同形
常见词:fast, hard, early, late, straight
例:run fast(副词) / a fast car(形容词)
注意:hardly≠hard,hardly意为“几乎不”,hard作副词意为“努力地;猛烈地”。
三、高频考点突破
(一)形容词 vs. 副词的混淆
1. 系动词后用形容词
错:He looks sadly today.
对:He looks sad today.(look是系动词,后接形容词作表语)
2. 修饰动词/形容词/副词用副词
错:He speaks very clear.
对:He speaks very clearly.(修饰动词speak用副词)
错:She is terrible good at math.
对:She is terribly good at math.(修饰形容词good用副词)
(二)比较级与最高级
1. 规则变化
情况 变化规则 例词
一般单音节词 +er/est tall→taller→tallest
以e结尾 +r/st nice→nicer→nicest
重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写尾字母+er/est big→bigger→biggest
辅音+y结尾 变y为i+er/est happy→happier→happiest
多音节/部分双音节词 more/most+原级 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
2. 不规则变化
good/well→better→best
bad/badly→worse→worst
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther/further→farthest/furthest(farther指距离,further指程度)
3. 常见句型
原级比较:as+原级+as(和……一样);not as/so+原级+as(不如)
例:He is as tall as his father. / This book is not so interesting as that one.
比较级:
比较级+than:He is taller than me.
the+比较级,the+比较级:The harder you work, the better you will get.(越……越……)
比较级+and+比较级:Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.(越来越……)
最高级:
the+最高级+(in/of范围):She is the tallest in our class.
one of the+最高级+复数名词:China is one of the largest countries in the world.
(三)易混副词辨析
1. very vs. much
very修饰形容词/副词原级:very fast
much修饰比较级/过去分词:much better / much surprised
2. too vs. enough
too+形容词/副词(表否定“太……”):It’s too hot today.
形容词/副词+enough(表肯定“足够……”):He is old enough to go to school.
3. so vs. such
so+形容词/副词:so fast
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词:such a beautiful girl
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词:such interesting books / such bad weather
四、巩固练习
(一)单句改错(每句一处错误)
1. He plays the piano very good. __________
2. The food smells deliciously. __________
3. This is the most exciting film which I have ever seen. __________
4. She is more taller than her sister. __________
5. He hardly never goes to the cinema. __________
(二)语法填空
1. The boy is too young __________ (carry) the heavy box.
2. She sings __________ (beautiful) than any other student in her class.
3. This is __________ (good) book I have ever read.
4. The weather today is even __________ (bad) than yesterday.
5. He runs __________ (fast) enough to catch the bus.
(三)写作提升
用形容词/副词升级以下句子:
原句:She is a kind girl. She studies hard.
升级后:________________________________________
五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)
(一)单句改错
1. good→well(修饰动词用副词)
2. deliciously→delicious(系动词后用形容词)
3. which→that(最高级后用that)
4. 去掉more(taller已是比较级)
5. 去掉hardly或never(双重否定错误)
(二)语法填空
1. to carry(too...to...结构)
2. more beautifully(比较级,修饰动词用副词)
3. the best(最高级前加the)
4. worse(bad的比较级)
5. fast(同形副词)
(三)写作参考
She is a warm-hearted girl and she always studies extremely hard.
备考小贴士:
1. 熟记形容词/副词的基本用法,重点区分修饰对象。
2. 整理比较级/最高级的不规则变化表,定期默写。
3. 做题时圈出关键词(如than, as...as, the),快速定位考点。
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