中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语数词复习学案
一、复习目标
1. 掌握基数词、序数词的构成及基本用法。
2. 突破分数、小数、百分数、倍数等特殊数词的表达与应用。
3. 精准应对语法填空、短文改错、听力和写作中数词的高频考点。
二、核心知识梳理
(一)基数词(表示数量)
1. 基本构成
1-12:独立单词
one, two, three…twelve
13-19:以-teen结尾
thirteen, fifteen, eighteen(注意:thirteen/fifteen/eighteen的拼写)
20-90:以-ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty…ninety(注意:forty无u,eighty少t)
两位数:中间用连字符“-”
twenty-one, thirty-five
三位数:百位与十位间用and连接
123 → one hundred and twenty-three
大数:从右往左每三位加逗号,依次为thousand(千)、million(百万)、billion(十亿)
1,234,567,890 → one billion two hundred and thirty-four million five hundred and sixty-seven thousand eight hundred and ninety
2. 特殊用法
表示年龄:
at the age of +基数词 → at the age of 18(在18岁时)
in one’s +整十复数 → in his thirties(在他三十多岁时)
表示年代:
in the 1990s / in the 1990’s(在20世纪90年代)
表示时间:
直接法:5:15 → five fifteen;7:30 → seven thirty
间接法(30分钟内用past,超过30分钟用to):
6:10 → ten past six;8:45 → fifteen to nine(或a quarter to nine)
表示顺序:
“名词+基数词”(首字母小写,无冠词)→ Room 101, Bus No. 5
(二)序数词(表示顺序)
1. 基本构成
规则变化:
一般在基数词后+th → four→fourth, six→sixth
特殊结尾:
1st (first), 2nd (second), 3rd (third)
以ve结尾的词:five→fifth, twelve→twelfth(变ve为f+th)
以y结尾的整十数:twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(变y为ie+th)
多位数只变最后一位:twenty-one→twenty-first
不规则变化:
five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth
2. 用法要点
前加the:序数词前通常用定冠词the(但若有形容词性物主代词,则不用the)。
the second day, my first job
表示“又一,再一”:用“a/an+序数词”,不表顺序而表累加。
Can I try a second time (我能再试一次吗?)
(三)分数、小数、百分数、倍数
1. 分数
构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时,分母用复数。
1/3 → one third;2/5 → two fifths
特殊表达:
1/2 → a half;1/4 → a quarter;3/4 → three quarters
主谓一致:分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词与of后的名词一致。
Two thirds of the water is polluted.(water不可数,用单数)
Three fifths of the students are boys.(students可数,用复数)
2. 小数
读法:小数点读point,小数部分依次读出数字。
0.5 → zero point five;3.14 → three point one four
3. 百分数
构成:数字+percent(无复数形式),后接of+名词。
50% → fifty percent;30% of the population(30%的人口)
4. 倍数
常见结构:
A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B
→ This room is twice larger than that one.(这个房间比那个大两倍。)
A+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B
→ This room is three times as large as that one.(这个房间是那个的三倍大。)
A+倍数+the size/length/weight…+of+B
→ This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间的面积是那个的三倍。)
三、高频考点突破
(一)语法填空:数词的形式与搭配
解题步骤:
1. 确定是基数词还是序数词(看语境表数量还是顺序)。
2. 注意分数、百分数的固定表达(如percent无复数)。
3. 倍数结构中形容词/副词的比较级或原级使用。
例题:
1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of the year.(表顺序,用序数词twelfth)
2. ______ (three) quarters of the earth’s surface is covered with water.(分数表达,用Three)
3. The new building is four times ______ (high) than the old one.(倍数+比较级,用higher)
(二)短文改错:数词的常见错误
常见错误类型:
1. 基数词与序数词混淆:
错:I live on the nine floor.
对:I live on the ninth floor.(表楼层用序数词)
2. 分数分母未用复数:
错:One fifth of the students has passed the exam.
对:One fifth of the students have passed the exam.(分子>1,分母fifth正确;students复数,谓语用have)
3. 倍数表达错误:
错:This box is twice as heavier as that one.
对:This box is twice as heavy as that one.(as…as中间用原级)
例题:
错:He is in his twenty.
改:He is in his twenties.(“在某人几十岁时”用整十复数twenties)
(三)听力与写作:数词的精准识别与表达
应对策略:
1. 听力:
注意区分teen与ty的发音(如fourteen/forty)。
记录大数时用逗号分隔(如1,000,000)辅助记忆。
2. 写作:
避免中文式表达(如“第一,第二”用First, Second而非One, Two)。
正确使用分数作主语时的主谓一致(如Two thirds of…)。
四、巩固练习
(一)单句填空
1. Father’s Day is on the ______ (three) Sunday in June.
2. Three ______ (quarter) of the books in the library are in English.
3. The meeting will be held in Room ______ (102).
4. It’s about ten ______ (minute) walk from here to the school.
5. This bridge is five times ______ (long) than that one.
(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)
1. There are nine hundreds students in our school. __________
2. He became a doctor in his twenty. __________
3. Two fifth of the land is used for farming. __________
4. The cake is divided into three piece. __________
5. My birthday is on July 3th. __________
(三)写作提升
用数词完成句子:
1. 我们班有45名学生,其中三分之二是女生。
There are 45 students in our class, and ______ ______ of them are girls.
2. 这个城市的人口是那个城市的三倍。
The population of this city is ______ ______ ______ that of that city.
五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)
(一)单句填空
1. third
2. quarters
3. 102
4. minutes’
5. longer
(二)短文改错
1. hundreds→hundred(前有具体数字,hundred用单数)
2. twenty→twenties(in one’s twenties在二十多岁时)
3. fifth→fifths(分子Two>1,分母用复数)
4. piece→pieces(three后接复数)
5. 3th→3rd(3的序数词缩写为3rd)
(三)写作提升
1. two thirds
2. three times that of
备考小贴士:
1. 制作“基数词-序数词对照卡”,强化不规则变化记忆(如five→fifth, twelve→twelfth)。
2. 针对倍数、分数等复杂结构,整理经典例句并仿写。
3. 听力练习中重点捕捉时间、数量、年份等数词信息,提高速记准确率。
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