中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语代词复习学案
一、复习目标
1. 系统掌握各类代词的用法(人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等)。
2. 突破易混代词(如it/that/one,few/little,either/neither等)的辨析。
3. 精准应对语法填空、短文改错、完形填空和写作中代词的高频考点。
二、核心知识梳理
(一)人称代词
类别 单数 复数 用法
主格 I, you, he, she, it we, you, they 作主语(位于句首)
宾格 me, you, him, her, it us, you, them 作宾语(动词/介词后)
例句:
主格:She is a teacher.(作主语)
宾格:Please give him the book.(作动词give的宾语)
介词后:This is for you.(作介词for的宾语)
(二)物主代词
类别 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 用法
单数 my, your, his, her, its mine, yours, his, hers, its - 形容词性:后接名词(作定语)- 名词性:独立使用(=形容词性+名词)
复数 our, your, their ours, yours, theirs
例句:
形容词性:My school is big.(作定语,后接名词school)
名词性:This book is mine.(=my book,独立作表语)
对比:This is her pen. = This pen is hers.
(三)反身代词
单数 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves, yourselves, themselves
用法:
1. 作宾语:主语与宾语为同一人/物时用反身代词。
He hurt himself when riding.(他骑车时伤到了自己。)
2. 作同位语:强调主语或宾语本身,译为“本人/亲自”。
The president himself will attend the meeting.(总统本人将出席会议。)
3. 固定搭配:
enjoy oneself(玩得开心)、help oneself to(随便吃)、by oneself(独自)
(四)指示代词
单数 this(近指), that(远指)
复数 these(近指), those(远指)
用法:
1. 指代人或物:
This is my bike, and that is hers.(this指近处的自行车,that指远处的)
2. 替代名词:
that替代单数可数名词或不可数名词(避免重复),后常接后置定语。
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.(that替代不可数名词weather)
those替代复数可数名词,相当于the ones。
The books here are better than those there.(those替代复数名词books)
3. 电话用语:
—Hello! Who’s that —It’s me.(电话中用that问对方,用this自我介绍)
(五)不定代词
1. 普通不定代词
代词 含义 用法要点
some/any 一些 - some用于肯定句,any用于否定/疑问句- some可用于委婉请求(Would you like some tea )
many/much 许多 - many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词
few/a fewlittle/a little 几乎没有/有一点 - few/little表否定,a few/a little表肯定- few/a few+可数复数,little/a little+不可数
each/every 每个 - each强调个体,可作主语/定语,后可接of- every强调整体,仅作定语,不可接of
either/neither/both 两者 - either:两者中任一(单数)- neither:两者都不(单数)- both:两者都(复数)
all/none 三者或以上 - all:全部(复数或不可数)- none:全不(可接of,谓语单复数均可)
2. 复合不定代词(-body/-one/-thing)
肯定含义 someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything
否定/疑问 anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing
用法要点:
作主语:谓语动词用单数。
Something is wrong with the machine.(机器出问题了。)
修饰语位置:形容词/不定式后置。
I have something important to tell you.(我有重要的事告诉你。)
no one vs. none:
No one knows the answer.(指人,回答who提问)
—How many students are there —None.(指数量,回答how many提问)
3. 易混不定代词辨析
it/one/that:
代词 指代内容 例句
it 同名同物(特指) I bought a pen and it is black.(同一支笔)
one 同名异物(泛指单数) I need a pen. Can you lend me one (任意一支笔)
that 同类异物(特指单数或不可数) The hat is cheaper than that in the shop.(同类但不同一顶帽子)
other/others/the other/the others/another:
代词 范围 用法
other 泛指 后接名词复数(=others),如other students
others 泛指 =other+名词复数,“其他的人/物”(无范围)
the other 特指 两者中的另一个(one…the other…)
the others 特指 =the other+名词复数,“剩余所有”(有范围)
another 三者及以上 泛指“另一个”,后接单数名词或“数词+复数名词”
例句:
There are two pens. One is red, the other is blue.(两者中的另一个)
I don’t like this shirt. Can you show me another (三者以上的另一个)
Some students like music, others like sports.(泛指其他学生)
三、高频考点突破
(一)语法填空:代词的词性与逻辑指代
解题步骤:
1. 确定空格处需代词(如作主语、宾语、定语等)。
2. 根据上下文逻辑判断指代对象(人/物、单数/复数、肯定/否定)。
3. 注意固定搭配(如by oneself, enjoy oneself)。
例题:
1. Help yourself to some fish, Mary.(固定搭配help oneself to)
2. That is easier said than done.(指代前文提到的事情)
3. I have two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.(两者中的另一个)
(二)短文改错:代词的常见错误
常见错误类型:
1. 人称代词主格/宾格误用:
错:Me and Tom went to the park.
对:Tom and I went to the park.(作主语用主格,且I放最后)
2. 形容词性/名词性物主代词混淆:
错:This is mine book.
对:This is my book.(修饰名词用形容词性物主代词)
3. 不定代词误用:
错:I have few money left.
对:I have little money left.(money不可数,用little)
错:Every of them likes the movie.
对:Each of them likes the movie.(every不可接of,each可接of)
例题:
错:The weather here is hotter than those in Beijing.
改:The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(指代不可数名词weather用that)
(三)完形填空:代词的语境辨析
解题策略:
1. 结合上下文,判断代词指代的是人还是物、单数还是复数。
2. 注意并列结构中代词的一致性(如both/either/neither与前文的数量对应)。
例题:
语境:I have two keys, but ______ works.
选项:A. either B. neither C. both
解析:由but表转折可知“两把钥匙都不工作”,用neither(两者都不),选B。
(四)写作:代词的准确使用与避免歧义
提升技巧:
1. 明确代词指代对象,避免模糊(如用“the teacher”而非“he/she”重复前文)。
2. 正确使用反身代词增强表达力度(如“Students themselves should take responsibility”)。
3. 避免中文式代词冗余(如“我的妈妈她很善良”应改为“My mother is very kind”)。
四、巩固练习
(一)单句填空
1. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, kids.
2. ______ (this) books are mine, and ______ (those) are yours.
3. I have a dog. ______ (it) name is Coco.
4. ______ (either) of the two girls is from China.
5. There is ______ (little) milk left, so we need to buy some.
(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)
1. Me and my friends went to the zoo yesterday. __________
2. This is not her pen. Hers is in the desk. __________
3. He has many friends, but no one of them is true. __________
4. I don’t like these shoes. Can you show me another pair __________
5. The weather in summer is hotter than it in spring. __________
(三)写作提升
用合适的代词完成句子:
1. 我们应该学会照顾自己。
We should learn to take care of ______.
2. 这本书比我上周读的那本更有趣。
This book is more interesting than ______ I read last week.
3. 一些学生喜欢数学,另一些喜欢英语。
Some students like math, and ______ like English.
五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)
(一)单句填空
1. yourselves
2. These; those
3. Its
4. Either
5. little
(二)短文改错
1. Me→I(作主语用主格,且I放最后)
2. 正确(Hers=Her pen,用法无误)
3. no one→none(回答数量用none,可接of)
4. another→other(shoes为复数,用other修饰)
5. it→that(指代天气用that,避免重复)
(三)写作提升
1. ourselves
2. the one/that
3. others
备考小贴士:
1. 制作“代词分类表”,每日默写核心用法(如it/one/that的区别,复合不定代词的修饰语位置)。
2. 针对易混代词(如few/little, either/neither),整理错题并分析错误原因。
3. 写作中优先使用具体名词明确指代,减少代词歧义,确保逻辑清晰。
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