高考英语语法复习学案(一般过去时)

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名称 高考英语语法复习学案(一般过去时)
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更新时间 2025-04-22 15:36:03

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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语一般过去时复习学案
一、复习目标
1. 掌握一般过去时的结构(动词过去式)及核心用法。
2. 区分一般过去时与其他时态(如现在完成时、过去进行时)的语境差异。
3. 熟练应对语法填空、短文改错、写作中一般过去时的高频考查点。
二、核心知识梳理
(一)基本结构
句型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 He played basketball yesterday.
否定句 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 She didn’t go to school last week.
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? Did you finish the work
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? What did he do yesterday
动词过去式变化规则:
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 +ed work→worked, play→played
以e结尾 +d live→lived, hope→hoped
以辅音+y结尾 变y为i+ed study→studied, carry→carried
重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写尾字母+ed stop→stopped, plan→planned
不规则变化 特殊记忆 go→went, have→had, be→was/were
(二)核心用法
1. 表示过去发生的具体动作或状态
(常与过去时间状语连用:yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now等)
例句:
I bought a new phone yesterday.(具体动作)
She was a teacher ten years ago.(过去状态)
2. 表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作
(可与often, always等频度副词连用,或用“used to do”结构)
例句:
He often went fishing when he was young.(过去常做)
I used to live in the countryside.(过去曾居住)
3. 在宾语从句中表示委婉语气
(如want, think, hope等动词用过去式表礼貌)
例句:
I wondered if you could help me.(我想知道你能否帮我。)
4. 与现在完成时的区别
时态 侧重点 时间状语特征 例句对比
一般过去时 过去某时的具体动作,与现在无关 yesterday, last year等 He left yesterday.(他昨天离开了。)
现在完成时 过去动作对现在的影响,或持续到现在 already, yet, since等 He has left, so you can’t see him.(他已经走了,所以你见不到他。)
(三)不规则动词高频考点
原形 过去式 常见搭配
be was/were was/were born, was/were late
have had had breakfast, had a meeting
go went went to school, went shopping
do did did homework, did sports
see saw saw a film, saw a doctor
三、高频考点突破
(一)语法填空:时态判断与动词形式
解题步骤:
1. 找时间状语(yesterday, last month等)或上下文语境(如并列的过去动作)。
2. 确定是否为不规则动词,避免规则变化误用(如think→thinked错误,应为thought)。
例题:
1. She visited (visit) her grandparents last weekend.(last weekend提示过去时)
2. They didn’t eat (not eat) dinner until 8 pm yesterday.(否定句用didn’t+原形)
3. Did you find (find) the key yesterday (一般疑问句用Did+原形)
(二)短文改错:时态误用与动词形式错误
常见错误类型:
1. 与现在完成时混淆:
错:I have seen him yesterday.
对:I saw him yesterday.(yesterday属过去时,非现在完成时)
2. 规则动词过去式错加ed:
错:He stoped the car.
对:He stopped the car.(重读闭音节需双写p)
3. 不规则动词错误:
错:He goed to school.
对:He went to school.(go的过去式为went)
例题:
错:They have bought a house last year.
改:They bought a house last year.(last year用过去时,非现在完成时)
(三)写作:一般过去时的精准应用
提升技巧:
1. 明确标注过去时间状语,避免时态歧义(如:In 2023, I started my journey.)。
2. 叙述过去事件时,保持时态一致性(如:Last summer, we went to the beach and played volleyball.)。
3. 区分“used to do”与“be used to doing”:
过去常常做:I used to get up early.
习惯于做:I am used to getting up early now.
(四)经典句型与固定搭配
It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时:
It has been three years since he left home.(他离开家已经三年了。)
wish/hope的过去式表委婉:
I hoped you had a good time.(我希望你玩得开心。)
四、巩固练习
(一)单句填空
1. He ______ (go) to the cinema with his friends last night.
2. They ______ (not watch) TV yesterday evening.
3. When ______ you ______ (buy) this book
4. She ______ (be) a nurse before she became a doctor.
5. We ______ (play) football every day when we were children.
(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)
1. I play basketball with my friends yesterday. __________
2. She didn’t broke the window. __________
3. Did you saw the accident __________
4. He go to school by bike last week. __________
5. We have finished the work last month. __________
(三)写作提升
用一般过去时完成句子:
1. 我昨天早上七点起床。
I ____________________ at 7 am yesterday.
2. 他们上周去了北京,参观了长城。
They went to Beijing last week and ____________________ the Great Wall.
3. 她以前经常弹钢琴。
She ____________________ play the piano.
五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)
(一)单句填空
1. went
2. didn’t watch
3. did; buy
4. was
5. played
(二)短文改错
1. play→played(yesterday用过去式)
2. broke→break(didn’t后接动词原形)
3. saw→see(Did后接动词原形)
4. go→went(last week用过去式)
5. 去掉have(last month用过去时,非现在完成时)
(三)写作提升
1. got up
2. visited
3. used to
备考小贴士:
1. 制作“不规则动词表”,按“ABB”“ABA”“ABC”分类记忆(如had/had, went/go, saw/seen)。
2. 针对“yesterday/ago”等过去时间状语,进行专项练习,强化时态敏感度。
3. 写作中先列时间线,确保过去事件按顺序叙述,避免时态混乱。
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