专题06 阅读理解（说明文）15篇【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （广东专用)

专题06 阅读理解（说明文）15篇【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （广东专用）
（2025·广东清远·二模）If walking is part of your exercise routine, you might want to try stopping to smell the roses once in a while along your route, a new study suggests. Researchers in Italy found short periods of walking might actually give your metabolism (新陈代谢) more of a workout than walking the same distance without a break.
Francesco Luciano, the lead researcher, and his team explain that using long, continuous walking to calculate energy consumption “significantly diminishes the metabolic cost of short-duration walks.”
This is meaningful not only for people who are trying to burn off more of their energy, but also for people who might be trying to conserve it. This may also be important information for programs designed to help prevent people losing weight while still getting the benefits of exercise, like eating disorder treatment programs.
It’s important to note these findings are based on a pretty small sample size of just 10healthy participants — 5 male, 5 female — all around 27 years of age, so the results may not be representative of a broader population.
For the study, each participant walked on a stair climber for 10, 30, 60, 90, and 240seconds, and in a separate experiment, walked for those same periods on a treadmill (跑步机).The research team measured how much oxygen participants used, on average, when they were at rest before the experiments, and then again after the walking. Oxygen consumption is often used to measure how much energy is being used during exercise.
“Our findings show that the time-averaged oxygen consumption and metabolic cost are greater for shorter than longer walks,” the researchers report. During 30-second walks, the participants consumed 20-60 percent more oxygen than the standard estimates for walking exercise, which are based on long, continuous walking.
1．What did the new study find about walking
A．Long walks would bring greater metabolic cost.
B．Stops during walks may boost the calorie burn.
C．Fast walking might be helpful for losing weight.
D．Continuous walking could treat eating disorders.
2．What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Clarifies. B．Uncovers. C．Investigates. D．Underestimates.
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The research objectives and methods.
B．The sample selection and characteristics.
C．The potential drawbacks and weaknesses.
D．The practical implications and applications.
4．How did the researchers determine participants’ energy consumption
A．By counting their steps. B．By measuring their speed.
C．By comparing their time length. D．By monitoring their oxygen intake.
（2025·广东清远·二模）Indoor gardening offers all the same benefits as a garden in the ground outside. Namely, fresh food and a low environmental impact. But not everyone has the natural space for a garden, which is where indoor planting comes in for the win. While there are many systems and techniques you can apply inside the home, PICO stands out as a flexible option that you can place anywhere and still achieve growing success.
Most indoor plants need to be located near a window for light. Often this means taking up limited tabletop or bookcase space. PICO is different because, while setting it on a tabletop is an option, it can also be fixed to many other surfaces, such as a refrigerator or desk, wall, windows, mirrors, etc. There are also three color options to match nearly any decoration.
The unit comes fully put together. All you have to do is add a bit of soil and a few of your favorite seeds. Watering is stable and consistent with a water tank and easy-fill opening. A transparent (透明的) window in the front allows you to easily see when more water is needed, typically about once each week. From there, the system automatically draws water from the tank through the soil, using an on-demand system that refills water as the soil dries out.
With location and watering figured out, the last major component for successful indoor growth is proper lighting. PICO is equipped with a multi-spectrum (多光谱) growing light that conveniently extends from the planter design. As your plant grows, the light extends up to one foot higher for consistent light.
While PICO is not intended to provide large quantities of food, its automatic functions and flexible placement make it an option for growing readily available vegetables and visually pleasing mini flowers. PICO is currently trending on a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that will close on May 17th. To support this innovative indoor gardening solution, interested customers can back the project now. Shipments are expected to begin immediately after the campaign concludes.
5．What distinguishes PICO from other indoor gardening systems
A．It allows for soilless growing. B．It offers large-quantity production.
C．It permits various positioning options. D．It guarantees a low environmental impact.
6．What information is provided by PICO’s front window
A．Seed condition. B．Water-filling time. C．Plant-growth rate. D．Soil nutrient amount.
7．What is special about PICO’s lighting system
A．It can change colors. B．It depends on the sun.
C．It can be adjusted in height. D．It is removable from the planter.
8．What is the main purpose of this text
A．To show how to use PICO. B．To present PICO’s special features.
C．To attract buyers for a new product. D．To explain indoor gardening’s popularity.
（2025·广东佛山·二模）If you are an enthusiastic reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps rising. Now there is a perfect solution in the UK: Bookloop. It is an online buy-back project in partnership with existing booksellers, where readers can trade books they have already read for credit or more pre-owned books.
Readers can scan (扫描) and upload their books to an online valuation system, and then drop them off at a collection point or have them picked up from their own home, in exchange for credit to be used on other books. Readers must sell at least 5 worth of books to take part. Eric Gagnaire, co-founder of Bookloop, said, “By giving books a second life, we are not only reducing waste but also building a community of readers who value sustainability and support bookshops.”
Bookbag, a bookseller that has joined the program, describes it as “a social space” that gathers a global range of fiction and non-fiction writing. “We’re glad to see this program, which feels well-thought-through and a great way of repurposing books and helping sustain bookshops and new book purchase,” they said. Authors will also benefit from the program, as royalties from these secondhand book sales will be redistributed through a shared author fund.
Reception to the launch of Bookloop hasn’t been universally positive, however. Some secondhand booksellers like Patrick Kelly, owner of Bookmongers in Brixton, raise concerns about how many books will actually be sold on to readers. Kelly argued that most secondhand books should be recycled. “They are either no longer relevant, overly produced, or are left in bad condition,” he said.
In response, Bookloop stated that only 2% of collected books end up not being resold-most of the unsold books are donated to local charities, with less than 0.5% recycled. “Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,” said Gagnaire. “It’s a really sustainable way of getting books into the hands of more people, without cost being a barrier.”
9．What is a requirement for readers to participate in Bookloop
A．Trading their credit for new books.
B．Selling used books worth 5 or more.
C．Dropping off their books at a local library.
D．Uploading personal information to the system.
10．What does Bookbag think of Bookloop
A．It is a win-win initiative.
B．It boosts interest in reading.
C．It is a well-planned book fair.
D．It encourages authors to write.
11．Why is Patrick Kelly mentioned
A．To clarify a misunderstanding.
B．To suggest a brand-new resolution.
C．To present a contrasting viewpoint.
D．To highlight an unusual phenomenon.
12．What can be the best title for the text
A．The Rise of Secondhand Book Trading
B．Reducing Waste, Building a Reputation
C．Bookloop: A Second Life for Used Books
D．Innovating Reading: The Bookloop Initiative
（2025·广东佛山·二模）Wildfires are getting worse across the world. Twenty-one years of satellite data shows severe fires have more than doubled in frequency since 2003 and the six most extreme years since records began have come since 2017, causing more deaths and destruction.
One European Union (EU) pilot program, the Life Landscape Fire Project (LLFP), is now using hungry mountain goats to prevent wildfires before they start. It involves a combination of controlled fires and hungry goats grazing (吃草) to reduce plant cover that can dry up in summer and fuel the rapid spread of fires. Controlled fires help burn older plants that goats don’t eat, allowing fresh green vegetation to grow which grazers like goats and cows do eat. The experimental project pays shepherds (牧羊人) to guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced, and they also build shelters and watering areas to attract free grazers to the desired spots. That’s how mountain goats and cows become mobile fire prevention units.
LLFP director Andre Mota oversees this EU-funded project. “We are in one of the most affected regions by wildfires, historically speaking,” said Mota. “Last September we had a wildfire with extreme behavior that burned almost everything in its path. But our parcels managed to keep green.” A video from Mota showed that one half of the mountain was black and burned and the other green, the parts which controlled fires and hungry goats had made unlikely to burn. “We believe this proves that, when scaled up from a pilot project to a full solution, it works,” he added.
The sound of goat bells rings out as the goats move peacefully on their way, offering hope in a region directly in the path of climate chaos.
13．What do we know about the LLFP
A．It protects mountain goats.
B．It employs integrated methods.
C．It has been conducted across Europe.
D．It wins shepherds’ unconditional support.
14．What does the underlined words “the desired spots” refer to
A．Free grazers’ favorite destinations.
B．Places far from shepherds’ activities.
C．Spots with abundant water resources.
D．Areas in need of vegetation reduction.
15．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The influence of wildfires.
B．The effectiveness of the LLFP.
C．The challenges faced by the LLFP.
D．The importance of preventing fires.
16．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A．Goats stand as a symbol of peace.
B．Goats ring the alarm for quick action.
C．Goats provide hope for wildfire prevention.
D．Goats offer an ideal solution to climate change.
（2025·广东茂名·二模）If you’re used to letting your dog lick your face — and maybe even your mouth — you’re not alone. Now, scientists warn that dog saliva (唾液) could actually be dangerous. A new study found that household dogs are often overlooked sources of salmonella (沙门氏菌).
Researchers at Penn State University (PSU) found that dogs can carry antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) salmonella, which poses a serious risk to humans. In both dogs and humans, salmonella infections can cause fever and stomach trouble. In some cases, the infection can spread beyond the intestines (肠) and cause more serious issues, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Dogs can get salmonella by eating raw food or consuming waste from infected animals. It can then be passed on to humans through contact with the dog’s waste, warns the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. The issue is that dogs can carry salmonella without showing any signs of illness, making it easy to spread without warning.
The PSU team studied salmonella in dogs from May 2017 to March 2023, as well as human cases. They found 87 cases in dogs and concluded that 77 human cases may have come from dogs. The salmonella in dogs also had genes for drug resistance, which is concerning for treatment.
The study also found that 39% of samples from dogs had a gene that helps salmonella survive in their intestines. This means that even after the dog recovers, it can still spread salmonella through its waste.
Though salmonella isn’t common in dogs, the study’s authors stress that human contact with dogs makes the issue important. “We don’t let cows sleep in our beds or lick our faces, but we do with dogs,” said lead author Sophia Kenney.
Co-author Nkuchia Mikanatha emphasized the importance of cleanliness. Simple practices like hand washing, cleaning pet bowls, and not letting your dog lick your face can prevent the spread of salmonella. The goal of the research is not to discourage pet ownership but to raise awareness of risks and encourage better cleanliness to keep both pets and owners safe.
17．What did the new study find about dogs
A．They like licking owners. B．Their licks endanger owners.
C．They contract salmonella. D．Their licks create salmonella.
18．Why is treating salmonella in dogs challenging
A．Dogs do not cooperate during treatment.
B．Dogs can spread salmonella until recovery.
C．Salmonella in dogs carries anti-drug genes.
D．Salmonella in dogs spreads quickly and secretly.
19．Why does the author mention cows in paragraph 6
A．To discuss causes of drug resistance. B．To compare animal feeding practices.
C．To highlight closer human-dog contact. D．To explain animal behavior differences.
20．What does the research finally recommend
A．Keeping better cleaning routines. B．Restricting dog ownership.
C．Stopping offering raw food to pets. D．Having less contact with dogs.
（2025·广东河源·一模）With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has emerged as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.
Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement(强化) learning to simulate human reasoning. This allows it to guide students through problem-solving step by step, much like a patient tutor. For example, when a student struggles with a math equation, DeepSeek-R1 doesn’t just give the answer; it breaks down the logic, identifies errors, and encourages critical thinking.
The model’s applications extend beyond academics. In language learning, it analyzes students’ pronunciation through AI speech recognition and offers real-time feedback. For teachers, DeepSeek-R1 can generate lesson plans aligned with curriculum standards and even predict students’ learning difficulties based on historical data. Its “adaptive testing” feature creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress.
However, challenges remain. Critics argue that over-reliance on AI might reduce human interaction in education. DeepSeek’s developers address this by emphasizing its role as a “supplement, not a replacement.” As Dr. Li, a DeepSeek researcher, stated, “Our goal is to free teachers from repetitive tasks so they can focus on inspiring creativity.”
Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments. While ethical debates about AI in education persist, one thing is clear: tools like DeepSeek are reshaping how we learn, blending technology with human wisdom.
21．What makes DeepSeek-R1 different from traditional AI models
A．It uses pre-programmed answers.
B．It focuses on memorization techniques.
C．It replaces teachers in classrooms.
D．It employs reinforcement learning for reasoning.
22．The underlined word “adaptive” in Paragraph 3 most likely means ______.
A．fixed B．adjustable
C．difficult D．outdated
23．What can be inferred about DeepSeek’s future plans
A．VR technology will improve interactive learning.
B．It will remove all classroom activities.
C．It prioritizes profit over educational values.
D．Teachers will lose their jobs to AI.
24．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To advertise DeepSeek products.
B．To criticize the risks of AI in schools.
C．To discuss AI’s role in transforming education.
D．To compare different AI models.
（2025·广东·一模）At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up.
Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable.
In an effort to challenge this misconception, researchers designed an experiment. Participants were asked to observe a series of colors carefully while scientists tracked their brain activity throughout the process. The experiment was divided into two parts: one with easily distinguishable colors and the other with colors that were quite similar, requiring more effort to differentiate. As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning.
The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time.
This pushes us to reconsider the underlying culture that might lead to this phenomenon. Instead of focusing too much on outcomes or singing high praise for inborn talents, we should emphasize the learning process and continuous improvement. By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. Such a shift would not only reduce the pressures associated with the “Stanford Duck Syndrome”, but also have a profound impact on personal development and the future of education.
25．What phenomenon does the “Stanford Duck Syndrome” probably describe
A．Prioritizing effort over well-being.
B．Relieving stress through social activities.
C．Displaying graceful images to attract others.
D．Hiding hard work to appear naturally gifted.
26．How does the experiment in paragraph 3 challenge the misconception
A．By showing effort fuels the brain activity.
B．By proving focus enhances brain function.
C．By linking color recognition to intelligence.
D．By associating careful observation with talent.
27．What is the author’s main concern about “Stanford Duck Syndrome”
A．It values the learning process over outcomes.
B．It causes stress and false ideas about success.
C．It prevents students from recognizing their talents.
D．It makes students prioritize socializing over studying.
28．Which of the following might the author agree with
A．Fortune favors those with a clear vision.
B．Sweat is the ink that writes a masterpiece.
C．Work in silence and let success make the noise.
D．Keep moving forward even when no one sees it.
（2025·广东深圳·一模）The ability to detect a nearby presence without seeing or touching it may sound fantastical—but it’s a real ability that some creatures have. A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.
“We developed a new strategy for 3D motion positioning by electronic skin, bio-inspired by ‘electric fish’,” says Dr. Xinge Yu, an associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the City University of Hong Kong. The team described their e-skin sensor in a paper published on November 14 in Nature.
The artificial sensor is multi-layered. One layer acts as a transmitter (发射器), which will generate an electric field once activated, and another layer acts as a receiver to detect both the direction and the distance to an object. A separate controller creates the driving signal to activate the transmitter. When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver. This data is then processed by a microcontroller unit, which computes the position of the target object and sends that information to a smartphone or other devices.
A special biogel (生物凝胶) is used in the sensor, which has the ability to transmit and receive electric signals from a pattern of microchannels on the surface. The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body. In contrast to the traditional sensor system that needs a large number of sensors to achieve spatial positioning, the new system can locate an object precisely in 3D space using just a few sensors. This significantly reduces the power consumption of data collection, transmission, and processing.
The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin.
29．What is the primary function of the artificial sensor system developed by the researchers
A．To generate electric fields for energy production.
B．To detect the presence of nearby objects without physical contact.
C．To transmit electric signals for communication.
D．To create a biogel for medical applications.
30．How does the artificial sensor system achieve 3D motion positioning
A．By using a single-layer transmitter and receiver.
B．By disrupting the electric field around the sensor when an object is nearby.
C．By requiring a large number of sensors for spatial positioning.
D．By relying solely on the biogel for signal transmission.
31．What is the significance of using a biogel in the sensor system
A．It increases the power consumption of the system.
B．It allows the sensor to be thin, soft, and flexible.
C．It enables the sensor to transmit electric signals wirelessly.
D．It is necessary for the sensor to function underwater.
32．What potential application is mentioned for the new sensor system
A．Enhancing the efficiency of traditional sensor systems.
B．Creating new wearable technologies for human-machine interaction.
C．Improving the accuracy of electric fish detection.
D．Developing new types of biogel for medical purposes.
（2025·广东深圳·一模）As an adult，one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is, “What do you do ” This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people.
One of the most effective ways to get some insight on a possible career path is to complete a “career aptitude (才能) test”. There are many different kinds of career aptitude tests. Some ask questions about your personal interests and attitudes. Others focus more on asking you to rate different kinds of work scenarios (场景), like working as a librarian or a lawyer. Of course, while completing these sorts of tests, it is very important to be honest — and don’t worry — there are no right or wrong answers.
One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks. Their answers are then analyzed and divided up between six different types of work personalities. The participant is then given a chart showing their score for each type of work personality. The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant’s overall work personality. This code is then used to generate a list of career suggestions.
The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, which is very useful for high school students. For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future. This is a great tool to help plan your career and let you know what targets you need to reach to get there.
In conclusion, career aptitude tests are clearly a very useful tool. So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now!
33．Why does the author ask the question in paragraph 1
A．To support an idea. B．To introduce a topic.
C．To define a profession. D．To clarify a new concept.
34．The passage suggests that when taking a career aptitude test, it is crucial to be honest because:
A．The test results are used to determine your eligibility for specific job openings, so accuracy is paramount.
B．Inaccurate answers can lead to a false sense of confidence, which might later result in professional setbacks.
C．The test is designed to reveal your true potential, and only truthful responses can provide an accurate assessment.
D．If you are not honest, the test will not be able to accurately assess your interests and guide you towards suitable career paths.
35．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The theory of coding.
B．The advice on career planning.
C．The variety of work personalities.
D．The process of a career aptitude test.
36．In the context of the passage, the phrase “aim for” in the sentence “so you know what you may like to aim for in the future” most likely means:
A．To casually consider.
B．To unintentionally stumble upon.
C．To strategically plan and pursue.
D．To passively wait for.
（2025·广东广州·一模）Getting into arguments, whether with family or strangers online, can feel like debating with a wall. We are probably all guilty of thinking we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. This phenomenon called the “illusion of information adequacy” is detailed in a recent psychology study.
“Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety and stress,” said Angus Fletcher, a neurophysiologist at the Ohio State University. “We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see if they could be reduced.”
Fletcher’s team surveyed 1,261 Americans online.Participants were divided into groups and given articles about a fictional factory. One group read only reasons for the factory to merge (合并) with another factory, another only reasons for staying separate, and a Control group read all the arguments.
They found that the majority of the groups who only read the pro- or anti-merging arguments believed they had enough information to make a good decision, and would follow the article’s recommendation, while about 55 and 45 percent of the control group recommended the factories merge or separate. The participants with the one-sided information also assumed that others would make the same decision they did.
The team calls this belief the illusion of information adequacy, as Fletcher describes it, “The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs.” These findings add to research on naive realism, the belief that one’s subjective understanding is objective truth.
While naive realism studies focus on different understandings of the same situation, Fletcher’s research shows people may share the same understanding, if given sufficient information.When the participants from the one-sided groups were asked to read all the arguments, some would change their minds. The mix of opinions was comparable to the control group - about 55 to 45 percent.
“One of the best ways to fight the illusion of information adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to stop and ask, “Is there something I’m missing that would help me see their points better ’ This can help avoid unnecessary interpersonal conflict, allowing us to focus on working through key differences between ourselves and others,” said Fletcher.
37．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The academic background of Angus Fletcher.
B．The cause and effect of interpersonal conflicts.
C．The importance of reducing misunderstandings.
D．The significance and purpose of Fletcher’s study.
38．What were all three groups asked to do during the study
A．Defend their own views. B．Discuss before making decisions.
C．Read the assigned arguments. D．Recommend the best article.
39．What does Fletcher’s research find
A．People with the same information make similar decisions.
B．People from the control group are better decision-makers.
C．People less informed are more likely to change their minds.
D．People with partial information overestimate their judgments.
40．What does Fletcher suggest people do when disagreeing with others
A．Work through key differences together.
B．Check for extra facts to understand others.
C．Stop arguing to avoid interpersonal conflict.
D．Get more evidence to support their own point.
（2025·广东广州·一模）If you ever wondered what your child’s drawings might reveal, keep on reading.
Imagine how you would feel when looking at Earth from outer space. That feeling of awe is what we call the Overview Effect, a feeling most astronauts report when they return to Earth, described as a transformative experience that changes their view of our planet and humanity — an experience that builds a sense of unity, interconnectedness, and responsibility for Earth’s well-being. Recently, 40,000 children experienced a virtual reality (VR) space journey, becoming a unique group to have a chance to undergo this awesome feeling without leaving Earth.
To find out whether they had experienced the Overview Effect, we asked 100 children from this special group to draw self-images before and after the VR journey. In previous studies on adults, we found that after viewing a video to bring about the Overview Effect, participants tended to draw a smaller self. Apparently, going through the experience of awe and wonder makes one feel smaller, with a smaller drawing as the result. However, when we applied this method to children, we encountered unexpected results. The size of their drawings remained unchanged after the VR experience. This discrepancy led us to question: Were drawings by children simply not a good way to measure the Overview Effect Did what worked for adults simply not work for children
Upon closer analysis, we discovered that the key to measuring transformative experiences in children lies mot in the size of their drawings but in the richness of their content. Before the VR journey, the children’s drawings were simple, often showing familiar elements from their daily lives. After the journey, their drawings became far more insightful, filled with vivid descriptions indicative of what they had learned during the VR journey — for example, the Earth’s ecology. This discovery gave us a new way to understand children’s responses to transformative experiences.
I’m not proposing that we replace tests in schools with children’s drawings. But when it comes to transformative experiences, I’d recommend paying more attention to what children actually draw.
41．How can we describe the Overview Effect
A．It expresses man’s view of Earth and humanity.
B．It helps people get deeper insights into the world.
C．It brings about awesome feelings of the outer space.
D．It is a transformative experience unique to astronauts.
42．What does the underlined word “discrepancy” mean in paragraph 3
A．Problem. B．Progress. C．Doubt. D．Difference.
43．How did the children’s drawings change after the VR journey
A．The self-images became larger. B．They described more details.
C．There were more familiar elements. D．They expressed richer emotions.
44．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To suggest a way of measuring children’s learning.
B．To compare adults’ and children’s Overview Effect.
C．To analyse the role of VR technology in child education.
D．To describe the psychological experience of space travels.
（2025·广东深圳·一模）None of us would like to believe that we are capable of evil. However, Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment showed that we all have this potential. It all depends on the situation.
Phillip Zimbardo was a researcher at Stanford University. In 1972, he recruited (招募) 24 mentally healthy, male, college students for an experiment taking place in a fake (假的) prison in the basement of Stanford. These participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: prison guards and prisoners. The guards received a uniform and mirrored sunglasses to wear for the job. Then, after being sent home, the prisoners were publicly arrested at their homes on a Sunday morning. They were processed at a real police station before being transported to the ‘prison’.
No one could have predicted what would happen next. The guards weren’t given any specific instructions on how to behave. Yet, very soon they began acting in extreme ways: they prevented prisoners from eating, took away their bedding, forced them to remove their clothes, and even punished them with chores such as cleaning toilets with their bare hands. As well as this, the prisoners were submitting to the guards - even though they knew that they hadn’t actually done anything wrong and weren’t even in a real prison!
After just thirty-six hours, a prisoner had to be removed from the study as he had sunk into a deep depression with fits of anger and uncontrollable crying. A few days later, other prisoners displayed similar symptoms. The guards also continued to abuse them. It was at this point that Zimbardo was told to stop the experiment. It was shut down after just six days.
This experiment demonstrates the power of the situation in influencing how we act. Good people, just like you or me, are capable of evil acts. However, the power of the situation doesn’t always have to be bad: it can also be a force for good.
Of course, we could never repeat this experiment for ethical (伦理的) reasons. This means that we need to assess how valid Zimbardo’s conclusions really are. For example, demand characteristics - how the guards assumed they should act - may have significantly shaped their behaviour.
45．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The aim of the experiment. B．The design of the experiment.
C．The finding of the experiment. D．The limitation of the experiment.
46．What behaviours did the guards exhibit
A．They abused prisoners. B．They criticized prisoners.
C．They followed the instructions. D．They committed crimes of violence.
47．Why did Zimbardo stop the experiment
A．The experiment achieved its goals.
B．The experiment became unaffordable.
C．The guards turned out uncontrollable.
D．The prisoners suffered mental collapses.
48．What is a suitable title for the text
A．A conflict in prison
B．A pioneer in psychology
C．The power of the situation
D．The importance of virtues
（2025·广东佛山·二模）Suzanne Donohoe, a top manager, started the month with a 10-day business trip through Asia. Back in New York, her husband, Matt Donohoe, was helping their three teenagers begin a new school year. That was no simple task. Though the children are close in age, each goes to a different school and has different after-school activities. Matt drove their 13-year-old to hockey practices and took all three children for a tournament. In between, there were groceries to buy, meals to prepare and homework to assist with.
It was all in a day’s work for Matt, who quit his job to help out at home. He is part of a quiet but growing group of men who manage responsibilities at home while their wives climb to top positions in finance. According to a 2023 report, Dads represented 18% of stay-at-home parents in 2021, up from 11% in 1989.
Wall Street has long struggled to promote and keep women. A hotly competitive industry that demands long hours, frequent travel and the need to be on call constantly, it has been an unwelcoming environment for women, particularly those with children. Managing the arrangements is a challenging task. Women leaders in finance say that having a partner who stays home can relieve that burden. The disheartening part of the message is that you can’t achieve if one parent isn’t at home.
For the men, being a househusband can come with a negative perception: Society often still assumes men will be the bigger earners and women the main caregivers. Not all men are as comfortable in the position. One stay-at-home dad says he sometimes tells other men that he manages real estate — technically true because the family owns a few buildings. He says he can identify other men in similar roles when they say they “run a small investment fund.”
“We’re all out there, but we can’t say anything about it,” he says.
Paul Sullivan, a stay-at-home dad, has been trying to change that. He founded a group called the Company of Dads, but he found no support groups for men in his position. He reached out for advice. Some said people sometimes made fun of the househusbands, calling them names like “Mr. Mom.”
“Two things can be true at once,” Sullivan says. “Moms can be discriminated against in the workplace, and dads can be afraid to take a lead role at home.”
49．What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1
A．Mothers’ greater contribution to the family.
B．Children’s pressure from after-school activities.
C．Fathers’ more involvement in household duties.
D．Fathers’ poor performance in time management.
50．What is the writing purpose of paragraph 3
A．To oppose the competitive nature of Wall Street.
B．To describe challenges women face in their careers.
C．To suggest men should stay at home to support women.
D．To show how househusbands help their wives succeed.
51．What can be inferred about the stay-at-home dads from paragraph 4&5
A．They are widely accepted as main caregivers.
B．They are proud of being stay-at-home parents.
C．They try to play down their caregiving roles.
D．They struggle to balance work and family.
52．What is people’s attitude to Sullivan’s initiative
A．Appreciative. B．Ambiguous.
C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving.
（2025·广东湛江·一模）One sunny afternoon, three-year-old Aisha, an orangutan at the San Diego Zoo, played outside while her father sat nearby. Aisha took a toy and waved it at him. When he didn t respond, Aisha waved the toy in her dad s face and brushed it across the top of his head, making it harder for him to ignore her. Finally, he gave in and watched her. Aisha’s behavior suggests that great apes (类人猿) engage in playfu teasing (戏弄) just like humans and that the roots of human humor can go back 1.3 million years to the common aneestors of apes and humans.
A study led by Federico Rosson of the University of California includes orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas in zoos. They carried out a video-based study and identified social interactions that contain a mix of playful and annoying elements. They focused on characteristics such as one-sided provocation (挑衅), surprise, looking at the target’s face, and repetition of the behavior.
Despite living in different social structures and environments, all four species of great apes tease one another in similar ways. A teaser might grab another’s hand or foot to stop their activity. Sometimes apes hid under objects when teasing, reaching out a hand suddenly to pull someone’s hair. Targets tended to ignore teasers or try to gently get them away. Sometimes they responded positively with play, or teasing of their own. Other times they just got up and left.
While doing playful teasing, the teaser has to predict the target’s response and adjust their behavior based on how the target is likely to respond. Learning to predict how others will respond is a critical skill for highly social animals.
The study of playful teasing may not be limited to apes. “We suspect that other highly social animals such as parrots, dolphins, elephants, whales, and dogs, may also engage in this behavior,” said co-researcher, Isabelle Laumer. To gather more data, researchers have surveyed zookeepers and are collecting stories of animal teasing from around the world.
53．Why did Aisha wave a toy at her father
A．To have fun playfully.
B．To copy human behavior.
C．To attract his attention to her head.
D．To show annoyance for ignoring her.
54．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The subjects of the study.
B．The findings of the study.
C．The approach of the study.
D．The structure of the study.
55．What can be learned about the apes
A．The target feels angry at the teaser.
B．The teaser focuses on the target’s face.
C．The teaser predicts the target’s response.
D．The target adapts to the build of the teaser.
56．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Humor Is Older than Humans.
B．Playful Teasing Is Conducted Across Species.
C．Study Discovers the Secret of Our Ancestors.
D．Zoo Animals Enjoy Taking Each Other by Surprise.
（2025·广东江门·一模）Want to know the current population of India The internet is your best bet. Need a quick refresher on the phases of the moon Go ahead, read a story online (or two or three). But if you really need to learn something, you're probably better off with print. Or at least that's what a lot of research now suggests.
Researchers find that people tend to read faster on screens. That's fine for checking texts and social media posts. But when screens are small, the extra scrolling needed to read a long article or book may make it harder to retain what you're reading, data now show.
That doesn't just depend on the device, however. It also depends on what you assume about the text. Naomi Baron calls this your mindset. She says one way mindset works is in anticipating how easy or hard we expect the reading to be. If we think it will be easy, we might not put in much effort.
Much of what we read on screens tends to be text messages and social media posts, which are usually easy to understand. So, “when people read on screens, they read faster,” says Alexander at the University of Maryland. “Their eyes scan the pages and the words faster than if they're reading on a piece of paper.” But when reading fast, we may not absorb all the ideas as well.
However, all experts agree on one thing: There's no going back. Digital reading is here to stay. So it pays to make the most of it. It's a good idea to do a little preparation. Baron compares reading to sports or to playing music. “Watch a pianist or an athlete. Before they run the race or play the concert, they get themselves in the zone,” she says. “It's the same thing for reading. Before you read something you really want to focus on, get in the zone. Think about what you'll be reading, and what you want to get from it.”
57．Which is NOT the possible element affecting people's reading on screens
A．Small screens. B．Reader's mindset.
C．Simple posts. D．Reading skills.
58．What may all experts agree as for digital reading
A．It's unavoidable. B．It's unhelpful.
C．It's unpredictable. D．It's unacceptable.
59．Why does Baron mention the pianist and the athlete
A．To define a term. B．To support an idea.
C．To explain a concept. D．To present the background.
60．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．The Rise of Digital Reading.
B．The Benefits of Print Reading.
C．Balancing Print and Digital Reading.
D．Preparing for the Digital Reading Era.
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《专题06 阅读理解（说明文）15篇【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （广东专用）》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 B D D D C B C B B A
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C C B D B C B C C A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 D B A C D A B B B B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 B B B D D C D C D B
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 B D B A B A D C C B
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
答案 C D A B C B D A B C
1．B 2．D 3．D 4．D
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，主要讲述了意大利研究人员的一项新研究发现，短时间的步行间歇可能比相同距离的不间断步行更能锻炼新陈代谢。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers in Italy found short periods of walking might actually give your metabolism(新陈代谢) more of a workout than walking the same distance without a break.(意大利的研究人员发现，短时间的步行间歇实际上可能比不休息走相同距离更能锻炼新陈代谢)” 可知，步行过程中的停顿可能会增加卡路里的消耗。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段 “Francesco Luciano, the lead researcher, and his team explain that using long, continuous walking to calculate energy consumption “significantly diminishes the metabolic cost of short-duration walks.”(首席研究员弗朗西斯科 卢西亚诺和他的团队解释说，用长时间连续步行来计算能量消耗 “显著diminishes了短时间步行的代谢成本”)” 可知，此处是说用长时间连续步行计算能量消耗的方法不能准确反映短时间步行的代谢成本，是低估了。选项 D“Underestimates.（低估）” 符合文意，故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This is meaningful not only for people who are trying to burn off more of their energy, but also for people who might be trying to conserve it. This may also be important information for programs designed to help prevent people losing weight while still getting the benefits of exercise, like eating disorder treatment programs.(这不仅对那些试图消耗更多能量的人有意义，对那些试图保存能量的人也有意义。这对于那些旨在帮助人们在仍能获得运动益处的同时防止体重减轻的项目来说，也可能是重要的信息，比如饮食失调治疗项目)” 可知，第三段主要讲述了这项研究的实际意义和应用。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Oxygen consumption is often used to measure how much energy is being used during exercise.(耗氧量常被用来衡量运动中消耗了多少能量)” 可知，研究人员是通过监测参与者的氧气摄入量来确定他们的能量消耗的。故选D。
5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了室内种植设备PICO，它安装位置多样、组装及浇水便捷，光照系统可随植物生长高度进行调节，是爱好园艺的空间有限者的不二选择。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“PICO stands out as a flexible option that you can place anywhere(PICO作为一种灵活的选择脱颖而出，你可以将它放置在任何地方) ”以及第二段中的“PICO is different because, while setting it on a tabletop is an option, it can also be fixed to many other surfaces, such as a refrigerator or desk, wall, windows, mirrors, etc.( PICO的不同之处在于，虽然可以将其安装在桌面上，但它也可以固定在许多其他表面，如冰箱或桌子、墙壁、窗户、镜子等。)”可知，PICO可以安装在室内多种位置，这使它在室内园艺系统中脱颖而出。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A transparent (透明的) window in the front allows you to easily see when more water is needed, typically about once each week.( 前面有一个透明的窗口，你可以很容易地看到什么时候需要更多的水，通常是每周一次。)”可知，透明窗口能让人们轻易看到什么时候需要更多水，也就是告知加水时间。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ PICO is equipped with a multi-spectrum growing light that conveniently extends from the planter design. As your plant grows, the light extends up to one foot higher for consistent light(PICO 配备了一个多光谱生长灯，它可以从种植器上延伸出来。随着你的植物生长，灯光可向上延伸一英尺，以提供持续稳定的光照)”可知，PICO配备的多光谱生长灯可随着植物生长升高，即它的高度可以调节。故选C。
8．推理判断题。文章主体部分详细介绍了 PICO的三个特殊功能：第二段介绍了其位置灵活性(“it can also be fixed to many other surfaces”)，第三段详述了自动浇水系统(“the system automatically draws water from the tank”)，第四段描述了可调节照明设计(“the light extends up to one foot higher”)。这些内容占据了文章约80%的篇幅，表明作者的主要目的是展示PICO的特殊功能特点。故选B。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国一个名为Bookloop的在线图书回购项目。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Readers must sell at least 5 worth of books to take part.(参加活动的读者必须卖出至少价值5英镑的书)”可知，读者参与Bookloop的要求是出售价值5英镑或以上的旧书。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中““We’re glad to see this program, which feels well-thought-through and a great way of repurposing books and helping sustain bookshops and new book purchase,” they said. Authors will also benefit from the program, as royalties from these secondhand book sales will be redistributed through a shared author fund.(他们说：“我们很高兴看到这个项目，它感觉是经过深思熟虑的，是重新利用书籍、帮助维持书店和新书购买的好方法。”作者也将从该计划中受益，因为这些二手书销售的版税将通过共享作者基金重新分配)”可知，Bookbag认为Bookloop项目是一个双赢的举措，既重新利用了书籍，又帮助维持了书店的运营和促进了新书的购买。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Reception to the launch of Bookloop hasn’t been universally positive, however. Some secondhand booksellers like Patrick Kelly, owner of Bookmongers in Brixton, raise concerns about how many books will actually be sold on to readers.(然而，并不是所有人都对Bookloop的推出持积极态度。布里克斯顿Bookmongers的老板Patrick Kelly等一些二手书商担心，到底有多少书会卖给读者)”可推知，文章提到Patrick Kelly是为了呈现一个与Bookloop项目积极评价相对比的观点，即有人对二手书的销售数量表示担忧。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now there is a perfect solution in the UK: Bookloop. It is an online buy-back project in partnership with existing booksellers, where readers can trade books they have already read for credit or more pre-owned books.(现在英国有了一个完美的解决方案：Bookloop。这是一个与现有书商合作的在线回购项目，读者可以用他们已经读过的书换取信用或更多的二手书)”可知，文章主要介绍了英国的一个在线二手书回购项目Bookloop，该项目旨在通过给书籍第二次生命来减少浪费，并建立一个重视可持续性和支持书店的读者社区，C选项“Bookloop: A Second Life for Used Books(Bookloop：二手书的第二次生命)”能很好地概括文章主要内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。
13．B 14．D 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球野火情况日益恶化，欧盟的生命景观火灾项目(LLFP)采用控制燃烧和让山羊吃草等综合方法来预防野火，且成效显著。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It involves a combination of controlled fires and hungry goats grazing (吃草) to reduce plant cover that can dry up in summer and fuel the rapid spread of fires. (它包括控制燃烧和让饥饿的山羊吃草相结合，以减少夏季可能干涸并助长火势迅速蔓延的植被覆盖)”可知，LLFP采用了包括控制燃烧和让饥饿的山羊吃草相结合的综合方法。故选B项。
14．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中“The experimental project pays shepherds (牧羊人) to guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced, and they also build shelters and watering areas to attract free grazers to the desired spots. (这个实验项目付钱给牧羊人，让他们把山羊带到他们希望减少植被覆盖的地区，他们还建造庇护所和饮水区，以吸引自由放牧的动物到他们想要的地方)”中“guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced”可推知，他们想要把山羊引导到需要减少植被覆盖的地区，所以“the desired spots”指的是“需要减少植被覆盖的地区”。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“‘Last September we had a wildfire with extreme behavior that burned almost everything in its path. But our parcels managed to keep green.’ A video from Mota showed that one half of the mountain was black and burned and the other green, the parts which controlled fires and hungry goats had made unlikely to burn. ‘We believe this proves that, when scaled up from a pilot project to a full solution, it works,’ he added. (‘去年9月，我们经历了一场极端行为的野火，几乎烧毁了所到之处的一切。但我们的区域设法保持了绿色。’莫塔提供的一段视频显示，山的一半是黑色的，被烧毁了，另一半是绿色的，这是控制燃烧和饥饿的山羊使火势难以蔓延的部分。他补充说：‘我们相信这证明了，当从试点项目扩大到全面解决方案时，它是有效的。’)”可知，该段主要通过举例来说明LLFP的有效性。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The sound of goat bells rings out as the goats move peacefully on their way, offering hope in a region directly in the path of climate chaos. (当山羊平静地前行时，山羊铃铛的声音响起，为一个直接受气候混乱影响的地区带来了希望)”可知，段中想要传达的信息是，用山羊来减少植被覆盖，为野火预防带来了希望。故选C项。
17．B 18．C 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是狗唾液中可能携带耐抗生素的沙门氏菌，及其对人类健康的潜在威胁和预防措施。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now, scientists warn that dog saliva (唾液) could actually be dangerous. A new study found that household dogs are often overlooked sources of salmonella (沙门氏菌).(现在，科学家警告说，狗的唾液实际上可能具有危险性。一项新研究发现，家养狗常常是被忽视的沙门氏菌来源。)”可知，狗可能携带沙门氏菌，并通过舔舐或接触传播给人类，由此可知，研究发现狗的舔舐行为可能对主人构成危险。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The salmonella in dogs also had genes for drug resistance, which is concerning for treatment.(狗体内的沙门氏菌还携带抗药基因，这对治疗来说是一个令人担忧的问题。)” 可知，狗体内的沙门氏菌携带抗药基因，这使得治疗变得困难。故选C项。
19．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Though salmonella isn’t common in dogs, the study’s authors stress that human contact with dogs makes the issue important.(尽管沙门氏菌在狗身上并不常见，但研究作者强调，人类与狗的接触使这一问题变得重要。)”可知，人类与狗之间的亲密接触，结合下文的““We don’t let cows sleep in our beds or lick our faces, but we do with dogs,” said lead author Sophia Kenney. (“我们不会让牛睡在我们的床上或舔我们的脸，但我们对狗却这样做，”首席作者索菲亚·肯尼说。)”可知，我们不让牛舔我们的脸，但狗却这样做，以此强调狗和人类的亲密接触。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Simple practices like hand washing, cleaning pet bowls, and not letting your dog lick your face can prevent the spread of salmonella.(像勤洗手、清洗宠物食盆以及不让狗舔你的脸这样的简单做法，可以防止沙门氏菌的传播。)”可知，提高清洁习惯以降低风险，由此可知，研究最后建议保持更好的清洁习惯。故选A项。
21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国AI公司DeepSeek及其最新模型DeepSeek-R1在教育技术中的应用、优势、挑战及未来发展方向。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike traditional AI models that rely on pre-programmed answers, DeepSeek-R1 uses reinforcement (强化) learning to simulate human reasoning.(与依赖预编程答案的传统AI模型不同，DeepSeek-R1使用强化学习来模拟人类的推理过程)”可知，DeepSeek-R1与传统AI模型的区别在于它使用强化学习来进行推理。故选D。
22．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在的句子“creates customized quizzes that adjust difficulty according to individual progress(创建定制的测验，根据个人进度调整难度)”可知，DeepSeek能够创建个性化的测验，根据个人的进度调整难度，由此可知，adaptive的意思接近于adjustable“可调节的”。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Looking ahead, DeepSeek aims to integrate virtual reality (VR) into its platform, allowing students to explore historical events or scientific concepts in immersive 3D environments.(展望未来，DeepSeek计划将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)技术整合，让学生能够在沉浸式的3D环境中探索历史事件或科学概念)”可知，DeepSeek旨在将其平台与虚拟现实(VR)相结合，以帮助学生学习，由此可推知，未来VR技术将改善互动学习。故选A。
24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek, a Chinese AI company, has emerged as a pioneer in educational technology. Its latest model, DeepSeek-R1, combines advanced machine learning methods to provide personalized learning solutions for students worldwide.(随着人工智能的迅速发展，中国的人工智能公司DeepSeek已成为教育技术领域的先驱。其最新模型DeepSeek-R1结合了先进的机器学习方法，为全球学生提供个性化的学习解决方案)”可知，全文讨论了DeepSeek及其模型DeepSeek-R1在教育领域的应用和变革，探讨了AI在教育转型中的作用。故选C。
25．D 26．A 27．B 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了“斯坦福鸭子综合征”现象及其影响，并强调努力的重要性。
25．推理判断题。由文章第一段“At top universities, there’s a phenomenon known as “Stanford Duck Syndrome (综合征)”. Like ducks, students appear to move gracefully (优雅地). However, beneath the surface, they’re kicking desperately to keep up. (在顶尖大学中，有一种被称为“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的现象。就像鸭子一样，学生们表面上看起来行动优雅。然而，在水面之下，他们正拼命划水以跟上节奏。)”和第二段中“Experts from Stanford’s Health Services uncovered this troubling trend: during the day, many Stanford students are seen socializing in cafés, seemingly without any stress or the need to study. However, at night, they start studying, sometimes for the entire night, trying to maintain the image of effortless success. (斯坦福大学健康服务的专家揭示了这一令人担忧的趋势：白天，许多斯坦福学生被看到在咖啡馆里社交，似乎没有任何压力或学习的需求。然而，到了晚上，他们开始学习，有时甚至通宵达旦，试图维持那种毫不费力的成功形象。)”可知，“斯坦福鸭子综合征”描述的是学生们表面上看起来轻松优雅，实际上却在背后拼命努力，以维持自己轻松成功的形象。即隐藏努力工作以显得天生聪明。故选D。
26．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“As the difficulty of the task increased, there was a noticeable increase in brain activity, particularly in areas linked to memory and abstract reasoning. (随着任务难度的增加，大脑活动明显增加，特别是在与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域。)”和第四段中“The study reveals that as tasks require more effort, more areas of the brain become engaged. (这项研究表明，随着任务需要更多的努力，大脑更多的区域会变得活跃。)”可知，实验通过展示任务难度增加时，大脑活动特别是与记忆和抽象推理相关的区域活动明显增加，来挑战“天才轻松成功，努力者能力不足”的误解，证明了努力会激发大脑活动。故选A。
27．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“This comes at a high price: tiredness and anxiety are widespread. Furthermore, it leads to a common misconception: true geniuses achieve success with ease, while those working hard are less capable. (这付出了高昂的代价：疲惫和焦虑普遍存在。此外，这还导致了一个常见的误解：真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而那些努力的人则能力较差。)”可知，作者对“斯坦福鸭子综合征”的主要担忧是它导致学生产生对成功的错误观念，即认为真正的天才能够轻松取得成功，而努力工作的人则能力较差。故选B。
28．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Growth doesn’t come from talent alone but from the consistent application of effort. Our brain functions like a muscle. Without effort, even our inborn talents will fade over time. (成长不仅仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力。我们的大脑就像肌肉一样。如果不努力，即使我们天生的才能也会随着时间的推移而消退。)”和“By encouraging a culture that values effort, we can help students realize that intelligence is not fixed but grows through hard work. (通过鼓励一种重视努力的文化，我们可以帮助学生认识到智力不是固定的，而是可以通过努力工作得到发展的。)”可知，作者认为成长不仅来自天赋，还来自持续的努力，大脑就像肌肉一样，如果不努力，即使天生的才能也会随时间消退，鼓励重视努力的文化可以帮助学生意识到智力不是固定的，而是通过努力工作成长的。因此，作者可能会同意“汗水是书写杰作的墨水”这一观点，即努力是取得成功的关键。故选B。
29．B 30．B 31．B 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种受生物启发的传感器系统。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A family of African fish known as Mormyrids are weakly electric, and have special organs that can locate a nearby target, even when it’s hiding in the mud. Scientists have now developed an artificial sensor system modelled on the ability of these fish.(非洲有一类被称为象鼻鱼的鱼类，它们能发出微弱电流，并拥有特殊器官，即使目标藏在泥中，也能将其定位。)”可知，这种传感器系统的主要功能是无需物理接触即可检测附近物体的存在。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When an object comes within range, the electric field around the sensor is disrupted (扰乱), which in turn can be detected by the receiver.(当一个物体进入范围内时，传感器周围的电场就会被干扰，这反过来又可以被接收器检测到。)”可知，当物体靠近时，传感器周围的电场被扰乱，接收器可以检测到这种扰乱，从而实现3D运动定位。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The end result is a sensor that is thin, soft and flexible, making it cosy to adapt to irregular surfaces, such as the human body.(最终的结果是一个薄、软、灵活的传感器，使其舒适地适应不规则的表面，如人体。)”可知，使用生物凝胶使传感器变得薄、软且灵活，能够适应不规则表面。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers hope that this sensor could one day open up a new range of wearable technologies, including sensors for human-machine interaction and thin, flexible e-skin.(研究人员希望这种传感器有一天能开辟一系列新的可穿戴技术，包括用于人机交互的传感器和薄而灵活的电子皮肤。)”可知，这种传感器系统有望用于开发新的可穿戴技术，包括人机交互传感器和薄、灵活的电子皮肤。故选B。
33．B 34．D 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了职业倾向测试对年轻人规划职业生涯的重要性及测试过程。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As an adult，one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is, ‘What do you do ’ This is because your career is a very important part of who you are.(作为成年人，当你遇到一个新朋友时，首先被问到的问题之一就是‘你是做什么的？’这是因为你的职业是你身份中非常重要的一部分)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引出话题。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Of course, while completing these sorts of tests, it is very important to be honest — and don’t worry — there are no right or wrong answers.(当然，在完成这类测试时，诚实是非常重要的——别担心——没有正确或错误的答案)”以及后文对测试目的和作用的描述，可推断出如果不诚实，测试就无法准确评估你的兴趣并引导你走向合适的职业道路。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“One popular test asks the participants to grade their preferences for a variety of work tasks. Their answers are then analyzed and divided up between six different types of work personalities. The participant is then given a chart showing their score for each type of work personality. The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant’s overall work personality. This code is then used to generate a list of career suggestions.(一种流行的测试要求参与者对各种工作任务的偏好进行评分。然后对他们的答案进行分析，并将其分为六种不同类型的工作性格。然后给参与者一个图表，显示他们在每种工作性格类型上的得分。前三名的分数被用来生成一个代码，表明参与者的整体工作性格。然后这个代码被用来生成一份职业建议清单)”可知，第三段主要描述了一个职业倾向测试的过程。故选D。
36．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future.(例如，你可以看看基础职业，看看你现在可能喜欢什么工作，然后再看看更高级的职业，这样你就知道你未来可能aim for什么了)”可知通过职业能力倾向测试了解基础职业和更高级职业，是为了帮助规划职业，知道要达到什么目标，aim for在此处意为“有策略地计划和追求”。故选C。
37．D 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的神经生理学家安格斯 弗莱彻（Angus Fletcher）的一项心理学研究，研究发现人们存在“信息充足的错觉”这一现象，即大脑知道的越少，就越自信自己知道了所有需要知道的东西，同时研究还表明当人们得到足够的信息时，可能会有相同的理解，并且弗莱彻给出了应对“信息充足的错觉”的建议。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段““Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety and stress,” said Angus Fletcher, a neurophysiologist at the Ohio State University. “We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see if they could be reduced.”(俄亥俄州立大学的神经生理学家安格斯 弗莱彻说：“人际冲突在增加，导致愤怒、焦虑和压力加剧。我们想调查这些误解，看看是否可以减少它们)”可知，本段先说明了人际冲突增加带来的不良影响，这体现了研究的意义，接着表明了想要调查并减少误解的目的，可推理出第二段主要讲的是弗莱彻研究的意义和目的。故选D项。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Participants were divided into groups and given articles about a fictional factory. One group read only reasons for the factory to merge (合并) with another factory, another only reasons for staying separate, and a Control group read all the arguments. (参与者被分成小组，并得到了关于一个虚构工厂的文章。一组只阅读了该工厂与另一家工厂合并的理由，另一组只阅读了保持独立的理由，而对照组阅读了所有的论点)”可知，这三组都被要求阅读关于虚构工厂的文章，但阅读的是所分配给的相关论点，故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“They found that the majority of the groups who only read the pro- or anti-merging arguments believed they had enough information to make a good decision, and would follow the article’s recommendation, while about 55 and 45 percent of the control group recommended the factories merge or separate. The participants with the one-sided information also assumed that others would make the same decision they did. (他们发现，大多数只阅读了支持或反对合并论点的小组认为他们有足够的信息做出一个好的决定，并且会遵循文章的建议，而对照组中约55%和45%的人建议工厂合并或分开。拥有片面信息的参与者也认为其他人会做出和他们一样的决定)”以及第五段“The team calls this belief the illusion of information adequacy, as Fletcher describes it, “The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs.”(研究小组称这种信念为“信息充足的错觉”，正如弗莱彻所描述的那样，“我们的大脑知道的越少，就越自信自己知道了所有需要知道的东西)”可知，只获得片面信息的人认为自己有足够信息做决定，还认为别人也会和自己做同样的决定，可推理出得到部分信息的人高