Unit 6 Space and beyond Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共39张）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4
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| 名称 | Unit 6 Space and beyond Developing ideas 语言点 课件（共39张）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-22 16:42:49 | ||
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(共39张PPT)
Unit 6 Developing ideas
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
遥望夜空的眼睛
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
telescope n. 望远镜 90
the naked eye 肉眼 90
angle v. 斜置 90
* galaxy n. 星系 91
* cosmic adj. 宇宙的 91
* conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想像地
91
* subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 92
* particle n. 粒子 92
invisible adj. 看不见的 92
straightforward adj. 简单的 94
self-discipline n. 自我约束，自律 94
fetch v. （去）拿来 94
muscle n. 肌肉 94
pepper n. 胡椒粉 94
sneeze v. 打喷嚏 94
disc n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘 96
Words and expressions
重点单词
1. adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
2. v.提交
3. adj.很好的，了不起的
4. n.望远镜
5. v.斜置
6. adj.宇宙的
lifelike
submit
awesome
telescope
angle
cosmic
重点单词
7. adv.可以相信地；可想象地
8. n.粒子
9. adj.简单的
10. n.自我约束，自律
11. v.(去)拿来
12. v.打喷嚏
conceivably
particle
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
sneeze
词汇拓展
1. adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→ v.模仿；假装；冒充→ n.模拟装置①
2. adj.看不见的→ adj.看得见的②
掌握规律 巧记单词
①simulate v.模仿；假装；冒充＋or→simulator n.模拟装置
例如：conductor n.导体；指挥；售票员 detector n.探测器
separator n.分离器 resistor n.电阻器
②in-(不能；不)＋visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的
例如：incredible adj.难以置信的 inconsiderate adj.不体谅别人的
infrequent adj.不经常的 incorrect adj.不正确的
simulated
simulate
simulator
invisible
visible
重点短语
1. 报名参加
2. 使某人能够做……
3. 计算出；解决；锻炼
4. 忙于；从事
5. 寻找
6. 看不到
7. 在……边缘
8. 回顾；追忆
9. 对……的追求/探索
sign up for
enable sb. to do
work out
be engaged in
in the search for
be invisible to
at the edge of
look back
the quest for
经典句式
1.现在分词作原因状语
，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们用他们的想象力创造了一个空中的世界。
2.it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
Soon， the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
3.so...that...如此……以至于……
we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙中还有如此多的东西没有被探索过，所以我们对宇宙的发现之旅才仅仅是个开端。
Not knowing what the stars were
it was understood that
So much of the universe remains unexplored that
课文语法结构分析
1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Para. 1
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰bronze statues。
in reality=in fact 实际上，事实上。
what引导宾语从句，在understand之后作宾语。
Not knowing是现在分词的否定式作原因状语，意思是“由于不知道……”.
what引导宾语从句，在knowing之后作宾语。
不定式短语在句中作目的状语
2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
Para. 2
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
不定式短语作定语，修饰句子主语Our power。
when引导时间状语从句，意思是“当...的时候”。
现在分词短语increasing与enabling并列作状语，强化谓语changed的程度。
as引导方式状语从句，是increasing的方式状语。
that引导宾语从句，在understand之后作宾语。
这是“名词+现在分词短语”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语。
这是一个由it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语的句型，意思是“人们理解……”.
省略which/that引导的定语从句，修饰galaxy，在从句中作宾语。
此处spread across是过去分词短语作非限制性定语（=which was spread across)，后面like是介词（=as ），“如同，好像”，接带逻辑主语的动名词。
3 Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers --- indeed all of us --- the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that --- it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
Para. 3
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观 ——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实 ——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
after引导时间状语从句，在……之后。
giving是现在分词短语作伴随状语，indeed all of us与astronomers是同位语。
过去分词短语作定语修饰images。
where引导定语从句，修饰clouds of gas，在从句中作地点状语。
where引导定语从句，修饰new planets，在从句中作地点状语。
from... to... and even to... 从……到……,甚至到……, 表示所涉及到的范围。
not only...(but) also...不仅……而且……，表示递进关系，进一步强调哈勃空间望远镜的作用。
that引导同位语从句，是对facts的解释说明。
4 To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. Currently, China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
Para. 4
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
不定式作目的状语。
过去分词短语作非限制性定语，相当于which was completed...。
as引导非限制性定语从句，插入主句中，指代主句内容，意指“正如，正像。”
过去分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰dark matter（=which was thought...)。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
5 The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
Para. 5
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
after引导时间状语从句，意思是“在……之后”。
that引导定语从句，修饰past，在从句中作主语。
Using...是现在分词短语作方式状语。
但人类对知识的追求远不止于此。这里quest是名词，quest for 对……的追求。
so...that...引导的结果状语从句，so放在句首构成倒装语序，起强调作用。
课文翻译串讲
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
①The night sky has been an endless source of fascination(着迷，令人迷恋的事物) since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues(雕像) of the ancient Shu Kingdom, (discovered at the Chinese archaeological(考古学的) site at Sanxingdui)过去分词短语作后置定语, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
遥望夜空的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye (肉眼). And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. [Not knowing (what the stars were)宾语从句]现在分词短语作原因状语, people in ancient times used their imaginations [to create a world in the sky]不定式短语作目的状语.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
②Our power (to investigate and thus understand space)不定式作后置定语 changed dramatically [when the first telescope was angled(斜置；使朝向) at the night sky]时间状语从句, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand (that the universe is far larger than (比...大得多) was previously imaginable(想象得到的))宾语从句. The planets were seen to be worlds (similar to our own), (many of them even having their own moons(卫星))独立主格结构.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
Soon, it was understood (that the Sun was just one star(恒星) among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way(银河系))主语从句. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter (floating in a vast cosmic(宇宙的) ocean).(在浩瀚的宇宙海洋中)
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
③Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched(发射) into orbit, giving astronomers --- indeed all of us --- the first breathtakingly(惊人地，令人激动地) beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas (where stars are being born)定语从句, to huge black holes, and even to new planets (where we might conceivably(可以相信地；可想象地) find life)定语从句. Not only that --- it has also helped us to work out(计算出，解决) the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible (不可思议的，难以置信的，惊人的) fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed(以不断增加的速度).
它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观 --- 从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实 ---宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
④[To see even further into the universe]不定式作目的状语, many countries are now engaged in (忙于，从事于，参与) building ever more advanced telescopes. Currently(现在，最近，当前), China operates(操作，运行，运转) the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜 --- FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。
The 500-metre dish(盘) of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, (thought to be composed of (由……组成) subatomic(亚原子的；原子内的) particles (粒子) invisible(看不见的) to ordinary telescopes)过去分词短语作后置定语. This vast dish also has the ability to(有能力做某事) explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of (在……的边缘) the visible(看得见的) universe.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
⑤The Hubble and the space telescopes (constructed after it)过去分词作定语 will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of
years ago.
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。
Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to (回顾，回想) a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for(探索，追求) knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to (接近，靠近) the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
词组短语用法解析
词、短语及句型
1. in reality
2. the naked eye
3. be engaged in
4. be composed of
5. look back at
6. quest for
7. it was understood that...
in reality 事实上；实际上
1
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。(P90)
① He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.
他看似适应都市的生活，但事实上他不是。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② In reality, he was just happy working on a ranch and making a dollar a day.
实际上，在农场工作，每天赚一美元，他就很开心。
③ In reality, many women are forced to make a choice between family and career.
在现实中，有许多妇女被迫在家庭和事业之间作出抉择。
④ In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. 事实上，大多数人都会在人生的某个时刻经历某种形式的经济困难。
⑤ What will that mean in reality 从现实意义上讲，这意味这什么？
the naked eye 裸眼；肉眼
2
① They look like stars to the naked eye.
用肉眼看上去它们像星星。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② Most stars are not visible to the naked eye. 大多数星星肉眼看不见。《牛津词典》
③ Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the naked eye.
通常，一年只有一到两颗彗星明亮得肉眼可见。
④ Maybe you can see the Great Wall clearly from space with binoculars but not with the naked eye. 也许你可以用双筒望远镜从太空中清楚地看到长城，但用肉眼却看不见。
⑤ All are clearly visibly different to the naked eye. 这些不同全部都是肉眼可见。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。(P90)
be engaged in 参与；属于；忙于
3
To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。(P92)
① I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother’s feelings.
我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
② I like to be engaged in fitness! 我喜欢进行健身活动。
③ I think I can be engaged in this job. 我觉得我还是可以去从事这个工作的。
④ We should call up all our courage and persist in what you are engaged in.
我们应当鼓足勇气，坚持我们从事的事业。
⑤ They need to be engaged in a constant conversation so that massive surprises don't occur. 他们需要坚持参与对话，这样才不会发生重大意外。
be composed of 由……组成（＝be made up of/consist of）
4
The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。(P92)
① Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
② The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.
该部队将由北约各国的军队组成。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
③ In fact, happiness may be composed of anything you could ever think of.
事实上，幸福可以是你能够想到的任何事情。
【一句多译】我们班由12名男生和8名女生组成。
Our class consists of twelve boys and eight girls. ---> Our class is composed of twelve boys and eight girls.--->Our class is made of twelve boys and eight girls.
look back at 回首；回顾，回望
5
We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. 我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。(P92)
① Thanks to it, I can look back at the past school years.
多亏了它，我才能回顾以往的校园时光。
②They run after me. I don't look back at them and keep on running.
他们在后面追，我没有回头看，继续一个劲儿的跑。
③ For other people, the harvest festival is a time to look back at the past and look forward to the future. 对另一些人来说，丰收节是一个回顾过去、展望未来的节日。
④ I will look back at this one with undiluted pleasure.
我将带着巨大的愉悦回首这件事。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
quest for 追求；寻找；谋求
6
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。(P92)
① Social media can lead people on the unhealthy quest for perfection.
社交媒体会导致人们以不健康的方式追求完美。
② Let us harness the magic of football in our quest for development and peace.
让我们利用足球的魅力来追求发展与和平。
③ His quest for perfection is relentless. 他对完美的追求是不懈的。
④ I have not faltered in my quest for a new future.
我对崭新未来的追求未曾犹豫过。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
⑤ They should keep people from the unhealthy quest for perfection.
他们应该让人们放下对完美的病态追求。
it was understood that...人们知道；人们认识到
7
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。(P90-91)
在此句型中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于这种结构的动词还有：think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。
※it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a shame/no wonder/a pity/...that...令人感到羞耻的事是/难怪/遗憾的是……It is likely/surprising/interesting/...that...很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……It is said/believed/reported/...that...据说/据信/据报道……
注意：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。
it was understood that...人们知道；人们认识到
7
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。(P90-91)
(1)It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.据说大量来自全国专家的剪纸作品将被展出。
(2)It has been announced _____ another manned space shuttle will be sent up into space next year.已经宣布另一架载人航天飞机将于明年发射升空。
(3)Would ___ be convenient for you to pick me up at four o’clock this afternoon
今天下午四点钟你方便开车接我吗？
(4) _____________ the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
that
it
It is a pity that
复习回顾
_______________ 事实上
__________________ 裸眼
____________________ 参与；属于；忙于
_______________ 由……组成
_____________ 回首
_______________ 追求；寻找
_____________________ 人们知道（认识到）
1. in reality
2. the naked eye
3. be engaged in
4. be composed of
5. look back at
6. quest for
7. it was understood that...
For thousands of years, people already regarded the night sky as 1____ endless source of fascination. It 2_____________(believe) that the large-eyed bronze statues from the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the stars. In 3_________(real), humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. Our power 4___________( see) the sky changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It extended the power of the human eye and enabled us to realise that the universe is a far 5___________(large) place than we ever imagined.
an
was believed
reality
to see
larger
课文语法填空
In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, 6_________(give) astronomers the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe 7_______(take) from beyond Earth. These ranged from enormous clouds of gas 8________ stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets. In 2016, the FAST telescope was completed in China. It is used in the search for dark matte , 9_______ can`t be observed through an ordinary telescope. Its vast dish has the ability 10________(make) discoveries beyond our imaginations.
giving
taken
where
which
to make
课文语法填空
Recite all the phrases and the sentence structures we have learned in class.
Homework
Unit 6 Developing ideas
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
遥望夜空的眼睛
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
telescope n. 望远镜 90
the naked eye 肉眼 90
angle v. 斜置 90
* galaxy n. 星系 91
* cosmic adj. 宇宙的 91
* conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想像地
91
* subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的 92
* particle n. 粒子 92
invisible adj. 看不见的 92
straightforward adj. 简单的 94
self-discipline n. 自我约束，自律 94
fetch v. （去）拿来 94
muscle n. 肌肉 94
pepper n. 胡椒粉 94
sneeze v. 打喷嚏 94
disc n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘 96
Words and expressions
重点单词
1. adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
2. v.提交
3. adj.很好的，了不起的
4. n.望远镜
5. v.斜置
6. adj.宇宙的
lifelike
submit
awesome
telescope
angle
cosmic
重点单词
7. adv.可以相信地；可想象地
8. n.粒子
9. adj.简单的
10. n.自我约束，自律
11. v.(去)拿来
12. v.打喷嚏
conceivably
particle
straightforward
self-discipline
fetch
sneeze
词汇拓展
1. adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→ v.模仿；假装；冒充→ n.模拟装置①
2. adj.看不见的→ adj.看得见的②
掌握规律 巧记单词
①simulate v.模仿；假装；冒充＋or→simulator n.模拟装置
例如：conductor n.导体；指挥；售票员 detector n.探测器
separator n.分离器 resistor n.电阻器
②in-(不能；不)＋visible adj.看得见的→invisible adj.看不见的
例如：incredible adj.难以置信的 inconsiderate adj.不体谅别人的
infrequent adj.不经常的 incorrect adj.不正确的
simulated
simulate
simulator
invisible
visible
重点短语
1. 报名参加
2. 使某人能够做……
3. 计算出；解决；锻炼
4. 忙于；从事
5. 寻找
6. 看不到
7. 在……边缘
8. 回顾；追忆
9. 对……的追求/探索
sign up for
enable sb. to do
work out
be engaged in
in the search for
be invisible to
at the edge of
look back
the quest for
经典句式
1.现在分词作原因状语
，people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
由于不知道星星是什么，古代的人们用他们的想象力创造了一个空中的世界。
2.it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语
Soon， the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
3.so...that...如此……以至于……
we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.宇宙中还有如此多的东西没有被探索过，所以我们对宇宙的发现之旅才仅仅是个开端。
Not knowing what the stars were
it was understood that
So much of the universe remains unexplored that
课文语法结构分析
1 The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create a world in the sky.
Para. 1
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰bronze statues。
in reality=in fact 实际上，事实上。
what引导宾语从句，在understand之后作宾语。
Not knowing是现在分词的否定式作原因状语，意思是“由于不知道……”.
what引导宾语从句，在knowing之后作宾语。
不定式短语在句中作目的状语
2 Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand that the universe is far larger than was previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of them even having their own moons. Soon, it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter floating in a vast cosmic ocean.
Para. 2
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
不定式短语作定语，修饰句子主语Our power。
when引导时间状语从句，意思是“当...的时候”。
现在分词短语increasing与enabling并列作状语，强化谓语changed的程度。
as引导方式状语从句，是increasing的方式状语。
that引导宾语从句，在understand之后作宾语。
这是“名词+现在分词短语”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语。
这是一个由it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语的句型，意思是“人们理解……”.
省略which/that引导的定语从句，修饰galaxy，在从句中作宾语。
此处spread across是过去分词短语作非限制性定语（=which was spread across)，后面like是介词（=as ），“如同，好像”，接带逻辑主语的动名词。
3 Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, giving astronomers --- indeed all of us --- the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we might conceivably find life. Not only that --- it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed.
Para. 3
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观 ——从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实 ——宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
after引导时间状语从句，在……之后。
giving是现在分词短语作伴随状语，indeed all of us与astronomers是同位语。
过去分词短语作定语修饰images。
where引导定语从句，修饰clouds of gas，在从句中作地点状语。
where引导定语从句，修饰new planets，在从句中作地点状语。
from... to... and even to... 从……到……,甚至到……, 表示所涉及到的范围。
not only...(but) also...不仅……而且……，表示递进关系，进一步强调哈勃空间望远镜的作用。
that引导同位语从句，是对facts的解释说明。
4 To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes. Currently, China operates the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016. The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. This vast dish also has the ability to explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of the visible universe.
Para. 4
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜——FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
不定式作目的状语。
过去分词短语作非限制性定语，相当于which was completed...。
as引导非限制性定语从句，插入主句中，指代主句内容，意指“正如，正像。”
过去分词短语作非限制性定语，修饰dark matter（=which was thought...)。
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
5 The Hubble and the space telescopes constructed after it will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
Para. 5
EYES UPON THE NIGHT 遥望夜空的眼睛
after引导时间状语从句，意思是“在……之后”。
that引导定语从句，修饰past，在从句中作主语。
Using...是现在分词短语作方式状语。
但人类对知识的追求远不止于此。这里quest是名词，quest for 对……的追求。
so...that...引导的结果状语从句，so放在句首构成倒装语序，起强调作用。
课文翻译串讲
EYES UPON THE NIGHT
①The night sky has been an endless source of fascination(着迷，令人迷恋的事物) since the start of human history. For example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues(雕像) of the ancient Shu Kingdom, (discovered at the Chinese archaeological(考古学的) site at Sanxingdui)过去分词短语作后置定语, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars.
遥望夜空的眼睛
从人类有史以来，夜空就一直是让人浮想联翩的不竭源头。例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye (肉眼). And, for a long while, people were unable to understand what they could see. [Not knowing (what the stars were)宾语从句]现在分词短语作原因状语, people in ancient times used their imaginations [to create a world in the sky]不定式短语作目的状语.
事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。并且在很长一段时间里，人们都无法理解他们所看到的事物。古时的人们并不知道星星到底是什么，所以他们便凭着想象去创造了一个空中世界。
②Our power (to investigate and thus understand space)不定式作后置定语 changed dramatically [when the first telescope was angled(斜置；使朝向) at the night sky]时间状语从句, increasing as it did the power of the human eye and enabling us to understand (that the universe is far larger than (比...大得多) was previously imaginable(想象得到的))宾语从句. The planets were seen to be worlds (similar to our own), (many of them even having their own moons(卫星))独立主格结构.
当第一台望远镜对准夜空时，我们探索进而理解太空的能力就发生了巨大变化，它不仅增强了人类肉眼观测的能力，而且也让我们明白宇宙要比之前想象的大得多。每个行星都可以被视为和我们地球类似的星球，其中许多行星甚至有它们自己的卫星。
Soon, it was understood (that the Sun was just one star(恒星) among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way(银河系))主语从句. Some 300 years later, we learnt that the Milky Way itself was just one galaxy among billions of others, spread across the blackness of space like great islands of light and matter (floating in a vast cosmic(宇宙的) ocean).(在浩瀚的宇宙海洋中)
很快，我们明白太阳只不过是银河系中数十亿计的恒星中的一个。大约300年后，我们又得知，银河系只是数十亿个散落在黑色太空中的星系之一，就像漂浮在宇宙汪洋中的一座光与物质组成的大型岛屿。
③Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched(发射) into orbit, giving astronomers --- indeed all of us --- the first breathtakingly(惊人地，令人激动地) beautiful images of our universe taken from beyond Earth.
第一个地基望远镜问世将近400年之后，哈勃空间望远镜发射入轨，不仅让宇航员，事实上还让我们所有人，都看见了来自地球之外令人叹为观止的宇宙美景。
Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous clouds of gas (where stars are being born)定语从句, to huge black holes, and even to new planets (where we might conceivably(可以相信地；可想象地) find life)定语从句. Not only that --- it has also helped us to work out(计算出，解决) the age and nature of the universe, and discover the incredible (不可思议的，难以置信的，惊人的) fact that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing speed(以不断增加的速度).
它让我们史无前例地看到了如此遥远的景观 --- 从星体诞生的巨大气体云团，到巨型黑洞，甚至到可能会发现生命迹象的新行星。不仅如此，它还帮助我们测算宇宙的年龄并分析宇宙的本质，且发现了惊人的事实 ---宇宙正在以不断增加的速度扩大。
④[To see even further into the universe]不定式作目的状语, many countries are now engaged in (忙于，从事于，参与) building ever more advanced telescopes. Currently(现在，最近，当前), China operates(操作，运行，运转) the world’s largest and most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。近来，中国研发了世界最大、功能最强的射电望远镜 --- FAST望远镜，于2016年建成。
The 500-metre dish(盘) of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, (thought to be composed of (由……组成) subatomic(亚原子的；原子内的) particles (粒子) invisible(看不见的) to ordinary telescopes)过去分词短语作后置定语. This vast dish also has the ability to(有能力做某事) explore regions of space billions of light years away, right at the edge of (在……的边缘) the visible(看得见的) universe.
众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。这个巨盘还能探索数亿光年之外的太空领域，那里是看得到的宇宙的边界。
⑤The Hubble and the space telescopes (constructed after it)过去分词作定语 will allow us to see further and further into space. We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of
years ago.
哈勃望远镜以及在它之后建成的太空望远镜将使我们能看见更加遥远的太空。我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。
Using ever-larger radio telescopes as our eyes, we will one day be able to look back to (回顾，回想) a time in the very early universe, before the existence of light. But the human quest for(探索，追求) knowledge reaches even beyond that. So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to (接近，靠近) the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
终将有一天，我们会使用更巨大的射电望远镜，当作人类之眼，回看在光产生之前的宇宙的最早时期。但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。宇宙还有很多的未知领域，我们才刚刚接近这段奇幻发现之旅的起点。
词组短语用法解析
词、短语及句型
1. in reality
2. the naked eye
3. be engaged in
4. be composed of
5. look back at
6. quest for
7. it was understood that...
in reality 事实上；实际上
1
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。(P90)
① He came across as streetwise, but in reality he was not.
他看似适应都市的生活，但事实上他不是。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② In reality, he was just happy working on a ranch and making a dollar a day.
实际上，在农场工作，每天赚一美元，他就很开心。
③ In reality, many women are forced to make a choice between family and career.
在现实中，有许多妇女被迫在家庭和事业之间作出抉择。
④ In reality, most people will experience some form of financial hardship at some point in their lives. 事实上，大多数人都会在人生的某个时刻经历某种形式的经济困难。
⑤ What will that mean in reality 从现实意义上讲，这意味这什么？
the naked eye 裸眼；肉眼
2
① They look like stars to the naked eye.
用肉眼看上去它们像星星。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② Most stars are not visible to the naked eye. 大多数星星肉眼看不见。《牛津词典》
③ Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the naked eye.
通常，一年只有一到两颗彗星明亮得肉眼可见。
④ Maybe you can see the Great Wall clearly from space with binoculars but not with the naked eye. 也许你可以用双筒望远镜从太空中清楚地看到长城，但用肉眼却看不见。
⑤ All are clearly visibly different to the naked eye. 这些不同全部都是肉眼可见。
In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye.事实上，人类仅凭肉眼只能看到夜空很小的一部分。(P90)
be engaged in 参与；属于；忙于
3
To see even further into the universe, many countries are now engaged in building ever more advanced telescopes.为了能更加深入地观察宇宙，很多国家开始投入研发更先进的望远镜。(P92)
① I was totally engaged in my study and seldom paid attention to my mother’s feelings.
我完全投入到学习中，很少关注母亲的感受。
② I like to be engaged in fitness! 我喜欢进行健身活动。
③ I think I can be engaged in this job. 我觉得我还是可以去从事这个工作的。
④ We should call up all our courage and persist in what you are engaged in.
我们应当鼓足勇气，坚持我们从事的事业。
⑤ They need to be engaged in a constant conversation so that massive surprises don't occur. 他们需要坚持参与对话，这样才不会发生重大意外。
be composed of 由……组成（＝be made up of/consist of）
4
The 500-metre dish of the “Eye of Heaven”, as it is known, is being used in the search for dark matter, thought to be composed of subatomic particles invisible to ordinary telescopes. 众所周知，这个被称为“天眼”的500米口径巨盘用于探索暗物质。暗物质被认为由亚原子粒子组成，一般望远镜是观测不到的。(P92)
① Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.水是由氢和氧组成的。
② The force would be composed of troops from NATO countries.
该部队将由北约各国的军队组成。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
③ In fact, happiness may be composed of anything you could ever think of.
事实上，幸福可以是你能够想到的任何事情。
【一句多译】我们班由12名男生和8名女生组成。
Our class consists of twelve boys and eight girls. ---> Our class is composed of twelve boys and eight girls.--->Our class is made of twelve boys and eight girls.
look back at 回首；回顾，回望
5
We will view stars and galaxies billions of light years away and look back at a past that was billions of years ago. 我们将能观察几十亿光年外的星体和星系，回看数十亿年之前的过去。(P92)
① Thanks to it, I can look back at the past school years.
多亏了它，我才能回顾以往的校园时光。
②They run after me. I don't look back at them and keep on running.
他们在后面追，我没有回头看，继续一个劲儿的跑。
③ For other people, the harvest festival is a time to look back at the past and look forward to the future. 对另一些人来说，丰收节是一个回顾过去、展望未来的节日。
④ I will look back at this one with undiluted pleasure.
我将带着巨大的愉悦回首这件事。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
quest for 追求；寻找；谋求
6
But the human quest for knowledge reaches even beyond that.但人类对知识的渴望不止于此。(P92)
① Social media can lead people on the unhealthy quest for perfection.
社交媒体会导致人们以不健康的方式追求完美。
② Let us harness the magic of football in our quest for development and peace.
让我们利用足球的魅力来追求发展与和平。
③ His quest for perfection is relentless. 他对完美的追求是不懈的。
④ I have not faltered in my quest for a new future.
我对崭新未来的追求未曾犹豫过。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
⑤ They should keep people from the unhealthy quest for perfection.
他们应该让人们放下对完美的病态追求。
it was understood that...人们知道；人们认识到
7
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。(P90-91)
在此句型中it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于这种结构的动词还有：think，believe，report，say，know，suggest，announce等。
※it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a shame/no wonder/a pity/...that...令人感到羞耻的事是/难怪/遗憾的是……It is likely/surprising/interesting/...that...很可能/令人吃惊的是/令人感兴趣的是……It is said/believed/reported/...that...据说/据信/据报道……
注意：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。
it was understood that...人们知道；人们认识到
7
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the Milky Way.很快，人们认识到，太阳只是银河系中数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。(P90-91)
(1)It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.据说大量来自全国专家的剪纸作品将被展出。
(2)It has been announced _____ another manned space shuttle will be sent up into space next year.已经宣布另一架载人航天飞机将于明年发射升空。
(3)Would ___ be convenient for you to pick me up at four o’clock this afternoon
今天下午四点钟你方便开车接我吗？
(4) _____________ the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
that
it
It is a pity that
复习回顾
_______________ 事实上
__________________ 裸眼
____________________ 参与；属于；忙于
_______________ 由……组成
_____________ 回首
_______________ 追求；寻找
_____________________ 人们知道（认识到）
1. in reality
2. the naked eye
3. be engaged in
4. be composed of
5. look back at
6. quest for
7. it was understood that...
For thousands of years, people already regarded the night sky as 1____ endless source of fascination. It 2_____________(believe) that the large-eyed bronze statues from the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui were able to look across great distances into the stars. In 3_________(real), humans can see very little of the night sky with the naked eye. Our power 4___________( see) the sky changed dramatically when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It extended the power of the human eye and enabled us to realise that the universe is a far 5___________(large) place than we ever imagined.
an
was believed
reality
to see
larger
课文语法填空
In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope was launched into orbit, 6_________(give) astronomers the first breathtakingly beautiful images of our universe 7_______(take) from beyond Earth. These ranged from enormous clouds of gas 8________ stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets. In 2016, the FAST telescope was completed in China. It is used in the search for dark matte , 9_______ can`t be observed through an ordinary telescope. Its vast dish has the ability 10________(make) discoveries beyond our imaginations.
giving
taken
where
which
to make
课文语法填空
Recite all the phrases and the sentence structures we have learned in class.
Homework