Unit 6 Space and beyond Using language 课件（共47张，内嵌音频） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4
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| 名称 | Unit 6 Space and beyond Using language 课件（共47张，内嵌音频） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 18.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-22 16:45:42 | ||
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(共47张PPT)
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Using language
To review the usage of modals and use modals correctly;
To use words and expressions about space exploration;
To learn to use opinions and hopes by listening to the listening about life on other planets.
Learning objectives
Review: modals
复习：情态动词
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer
the questions.
a Millions watched that first lunar landing… aware… of the many things that could go wrong.
b The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
c I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, …
d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, …
1 Which sentence talks about ability
2 Which sentence talks about possibility
3 Which sentence talks about necessity
4 Which sentence talks about prediction
c
a
d
b
语法识记
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
5 What other modals do you know What do they indicate
Other modals are: may, might, will, shall, should, need, dare.
语法识记
a Millions watched that first lunar landing… aware… of the many things that could go wrong.
b The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
c I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, …
d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, …
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Now Look for more sentences with modals in the reading passage.
1. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
2. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
1. 以上四个句子都使用了情态动词，其后都接动词 。
2. 第1句中的could表示对过去事情的猜测，意为“ ”。
3. 第2句中的would表示过去对事情的预测，意为“ ”。
4. 第3句中的can表示能力，意为“ ”。
5. 第4句中的must表示必要性，意为“ ”。
原形
可能
将会
能够
必须
语法识记
Review: Modals
情态动词，即表示人的情感和态度的动词，它们本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能跟动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛。常见的情态动词主要有：can(could)，may(might)，must，need，shall(should)，will(would)，dare等。
语法精讲
1. can与could的用法
(1)表示能力(could是过去时)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn’t last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
(2)表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去时)。
Can this news be true？
这则消息是真的吗？
语法精讲
(3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。
—Can/Could I go now ——我现在可以走了吗？
—Yes，you can. ——是的，可以。
(4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
(5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。
有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不过分。
语法精讲
2. may与might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。
以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
—May/Might I play the computer games after supper
晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
—Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.是的，可以。/不，不行。
(2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。
might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do (be)才表示过去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.我认为明天他可能会来。
(3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
语法精讲
3. will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
(2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me 你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
语法精讲
(4)用于否定句，表示“不肯；不乐意”。
No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。
[特别提醒] would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不表状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
语法精讲
[特别提醒] would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不表状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
语法精讲
4. shall与should的用法
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
What shall I/we do next 我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital 我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall go with me. (命令)你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday. (允诺)你在生日时会得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished. (威胁)他会受到惩罚的。
语法精讲
(3)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to；还可表示可能性或表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
Don’t ask me.How should I know
别问我，我怎么会知道？
5. must的用法
(1)表示义务，意为“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。
其否定形式为mustn’t (不准，禁止)。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。
语法精讲
[特别提醒]
以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。
—Must I finish the paper today 今天我必须完成论文吗？
—Yes，you must. /No，you needn’t/don’t have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
(2)表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can’t 代替，表示“不可能会”。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的肯定推测)
That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有别的办法。
语法精讲
(3)表示感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
6. need的用法
(1)need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn’t go there now.你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now？我现在需要去那儿吗？
语法精讲
[特别提醒]
由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。
—Need I hand in my paper now 我现在需要上交论文吗？
—Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。
(2)作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。
You need to be careful. 你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried. 你不必如此担心。
7. dare的用法
(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
语法精讲
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
8.“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法
(1)must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can’t＋have done代替。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
语法精讲
(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
(3)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。
语法精讲
(4)need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。
(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
语法精讲
一、用合适的情态动词填空
语法专练
1. It is strange that such a gentleman be so rude to a lady.
2. You come here on time，or you’ll be fined next time.
3. I have cooked so much food. Nobody was hungry.
4. When he was young，he climb the small hill every morning.
5. I finish reading the book tomorrow，but I am not sure about it.
6. You have given him some advice. He was too upset at
that time.
should
must
needn’t
would
may/might
ought to/should
7. It is a long time since we met last time.You come and see me
more often.
8. She was so frightened that she didn’t to breathe a word of it.
9. The doorbell rings. I wonder who that is. It be Lisa. She’s still in the library at this time.
10. You feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
should
dare
can’t
may
语法专练
1. you in the following year!
祝你在新的一年里好运连连！
2. Why at noon
他为什么偏偏中午弹钢琴呢？
3. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party
— I’m not sure. I instead.
— 你要来参加杰夫的聚会吗？
— 我不确定。我可能会去看电影。
May
be lucky
must he play the piano
might go to the movies
语法专练
二、完成句子
4. — that left the door unlocked
— It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things.
—是谁没锁门？
—可能是迈克。他总是忘记事情。
5. If Fred didn’t leave till five o’clock，he now.
如果弗雷德直到5点钟才走的话，他现在一定还没到家。
6. — The deadline is drawing near but I failed to challenge the task a
third time.
—
— 截止日期快到了，但我又一次没能完成任务。
— 让我弟弟试一试好吗？
Who could it be
can’t arrive home
Shall my brother have a try
语法专练
语法运用
On 15 0ctober 1997,the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Satur.So great was the distance from Earth that it would / shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn, it sent back amazing images of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it could / must collect data.Over the following years,Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons.Finally,on 15 September 2017,Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it should / would meet a fiery end. Scientists had decided that Cassini could / must be destroyed this way, so it must / would not collide with any of Saturn's moons. in its nearly20-year mission,Cassini provided so much information that scientists could / would not process it all. No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, "Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall / should never forget you!"
2
Read the passage and choose the correct modals.
meet a(an)...end 以...方式终结
collide with... 和...相撞/冲突
bid sb. goodbye 向某人告别
1997年10月15日，”卡西尼号”航天器开始了一项探索土星的任务。（土星）离地球的距离是如此遥远，以至于它需要飞行将近六年才能到达目的地。当它到达土星时，它传回了在紫外线下拍摄到的土星著名光环的惊人图像。为了能收集数据，“卡西尼号”环绕土星飞行了无数次。在接下来的几年里，“卡西尼号”拍摄了大约45万张土星及其卫星的照片。最后，在2017年9月15日，“卡西尼号”被转向土星，这样它将会燃烧以终结自己的使命。科学家们已经决定“卡西尼号”必须以这种方式毁灭，这样它就不会与土星的任何卫星相撞。在它将近20年的任务中，“卡西尼号”提供了如此多的信息，以至于科学家们无法全部处理。难怪那么多人在社交媒体上向它告别，说“再见，亲爱的卡西尼号！我们永远不会忘记你！“
I couldn’t believe it when I looked into the Martian shy. It's scary but beautiful-Martian-red dirt dotted with unknown plants, chocolate-brown mountain ranges and a sky that makes Martian sky look like the glow of a flame. Without special glasses, I couldn’t see much because the light is too bright. Besides, it must be too hot in the day and too cold in the evening so that I should wear a kind of coat to live a normal life there.
语法运用
3
Look at the picture and tell a story using modals
where appropriate.
4
Work in pairs. Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it. Use modals where appropriate.
语法运用
4
Work in pairs. Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it. Use modals where appropriate.
语法运用
In the vast expanse of space, humanity must venture beyond Earth to uncover the mysteries of the universe. Astronauts should prepare meticulously, ensuring their spacecraft is equipped for the journey. As they travel through the cosmos, they might encounter unknown phenomena that could challenge their understanding of science.
Music can provide solace during long voyages, while books may offer knowledge and inspiration. The crew ought to work together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, each member essential to the mission's success. Despite the risks, they will persevere, driven by the desire to explore and the hope that people back on Earth would support their quest. In the end, they must remain true to themselves, for authenticity shall guide them through the stars.
Sample
Life in space
Did you know
The Fermi Paradox: according to some calculations, there should be many other civilisations out there, but there is evidence of these at all. No spacecraft, no radio transmissions, nothing. So, as Fermi said, ”Where
is everybody ”
费米悖论： 根据一些计算，宇宙中应该有许多其他文明存在，但根本没有任何有关其他文明的证据。没有宇宙飞船，没有无线电通信，什么都没有。所以，就像费米说的：”大家都去哪儿了“。
空间生活
听力时间
5
Listen to the interview and choose the questions discussed.
1 Is there life on other planets
2 What would life on other planets look like
3 Should we use robots to explore space
4 What is the Fermi Paradox
5 Will people ever make contact with life on other planets
1
2
5
听力时间
6
Listen again and complete the table.
similar to our own
there are forms of life somewhere
without considering
conditions on other planets won’t be like those on Earth
would work the same way everywhere
travel faster than light
take short cuts, through a “wormhole” in space, for example
Now work in groups of three and act out the interview.
Interviewer: Welcome to our discussion programme, Science, Fact or Fiction . On tonight's show, we'll talk
about life on other planets with scientist Eric Pringle, and science fiction author Sophie Ellis. Sophie, can I
start with you on a favourite topic for science fiction authors Is there life on other planets
Sophie: I think there definitely is. There must be millions and millions of planets like our Earth out there. And
on some of them there will be forms of life, maybe similar to our own.
Interviewer: Eric
Eric: As a scientist, I can't agree with Sophie here. Statistically, you would think it likely that there are forms of
life somewhere. But that's without considering the Fermi Paradox.
Interviewer: What do you say to that, Sophie
Sophie: I'm afraid I don't agree that the Fermi Paradox is a problem. Maybe they don't even want to
communicate with us, just as we don't want to communicate with mice!
Eric: I admit that this is a possible answer to the Fermi Paradox. But we just don't know at the moment.
Interviewer: Well, let's assume life is out there. What would this life look like
Sophie: Since conditions on other planets won't be like those on Earth, it isn't reasonable to think that they will
be like us at all. For example, on an ocean planet, they could look like fish. It has even been suggested that
on a cloud planet they could look like balloons.
听力脚本
听力脚本
Interviewer: What do you think, Eric
Eric: Well, there's evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere, so it's actually quite likely
that life on other planets would in many ways look like us. Possibly they're smarter and more advanced.
Interviewer: I can understand both points of view. It would be wonderful if we could see what they look like.
Will humans one day travel to make contact with them
Eric: No, I'm afraid not. This only exists in the imagination of science fiction writers. The fact that we cannot
travel faster than light, 300,000 kilometres a second, means that it will take more than a lifetime to reach
planets where there might be life.
Interviewer: What's your opinion, Sophie
Sophie: I take your point, but maybe we won't need to travel in straight lines. Perhaps we will be able to take
short cuts, through a“wormhole” in space, for example. The fact is the imagination of science fiction
writers has often pointed the way to the future. Just think of all the predictions about space travel made by
Arthur C.Clarke.
Interviewer: I think you've both made good points. Thank you for being on the programme and let's hope that
one day we will find out the solution to the Fermi Paradox- and maybe contact other civilisations!
Expressing opinions Expressing hopes
I think there definitely is.
Since…, it isn’t reasonable to…
There’s evidence that…
The fact that.. means…
It would be wonderful if…
Let’s hope that…
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
听力空间
7
The dramatic scientific developments of recent years have brought space exploration back to public attention. As getting into space is however, still not an easy task, more and more space camps and other places are providing simulated space adventures. The Space Camp, founded in 1982 under NASA, is an educational camp, where children can learn about space travel and astronomy, and even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut! So far, the camp has inspired hundreds of thousands of young people from the US and from elsewhere around the world. What’s more, some of its ex-students have even grown up to become astronauts!
Work in pairs. Read the passage and answer the questions.
近年来，科学的迅猛发展使太空探索重新引起了公众的关注。然而，由于进入太空仍然不是一件容易的事情，越来越多的太空营地和其他场所正在提供模拟太空探险。1982年由美国航空航天局成立的太空营是一个教育营，孩子们可以在那里学习有关太空旅行和天文学的知识，甚至有机会和宇航员共进午餐！到目前为止，这个营地已经鼓舞了成千上万来自美国和世界其他地方的年轻人。更重要的是，该营地的一些学生长大后甚至成了宇航员！
The passage is mainly about the Space Camp.
bring... back to one’s attention 使……重新引起某人的注意
太空体验
8
1. What is the passage mainly about
2. Would you like to take part in a space camp Why or why not
The passage is mainly about the space camp.
Yes, of course. The camp not only help me learn about space travel and astronomy but also even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut.
太空体验
Work in pairs. Read the passage and answer the questions.
8
太空体验
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
登记注册；报名参加
模拟装置；模拟器
生动的；逼真的
提交
Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost! Here at the observatory, you can learn about astronomy and take in a lunar eclipse. You will also have the chance to design and launch a model rocket.Then, join your mission teammates in our modern flight simulators. Put on a spacesuit, exit the capsule and go on your incredibly lifelike spacewalk in a world with zero gravity. Scared of being space sick Don't worry! Your special training will take care of this. Make the most of your lunar exploration adventure before re-entering into the atmosphere on your way back to Earth.
太空体验
Looking for a way to take one giant leap into a future career in space exploration
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
1.take one giant leap into
向……迈出一大步
2. sign up for报名参加
3.have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
4. zero gravity零重力
5.make the most of
充分利用
6.on one’s way back to
在返回……的路上
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧，让你的航空和太空知识得到提升！在天文台，你可以学习天文学知识和观赏月食。你还将有机会设计和发射一个模型火箭。然后，在我们的现代飞行模拟器中加入你的任务队友。穿上宇航服，走出太空仓，在一个零重力的世界里进行令人难以置信的、生动逼真的太空行走。你害怕太空病吗？别担心！对你的特殊训练会解决这个问题。在返回地球的途中重新进入大气层之前，充分利用你的月球探险经历吧。
太空体验
正在寻找一种方法，在未来的太空探索事业中迈出一大步？
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
Complete the email with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 9.
还记得我告诉你我报名参加了太空计划吗？我刚从一个星期的模拟载人飞行活动中回来，感觉棒极了！我们从学习一些理论开始，在天文台学习天文学，然后发射了模型火箭。之后我们试了模拟器。我穿上一件宇航服，在一个零重力的世界里行走。像那样到处漂浮很奇怪，事实上，很多人都的了太空病！幸运的是，我感觉很好。然后我回到了太空舱，到“月球”进行一些月球探险。你也应该加入这个计划——你会喜欢的！
太空体验
10
Dear Ted,
Remember when I told you I’d signed up for the space programme Well I just got back from a week of simulated manned flight activities, and it was awesome!
We started out with some theory, learning about astronomy in the 1 ________________, and then 2 ___________ model rockets. After that we tried the simulator. I put on a 3 ___________ and went for a walk in 4 _____________________________. It’s strange to float around like that - in fact, a lot of people get 5 ________________ ! Luckily, I felt fine. Then I returned to the6 _____________ and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration. You should join the programme too —you’d love it!
observatory
launched
spacesuit
a world with zero gravity
space sick
capsule
太空体验
Complete the email with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 9.
10
Imagine going to apply for the program and brainstorm a list words and phrases about the space exportation. Organize the ideas for the short video by answering the questions.
太空体验
11
1 Why do you want to take part in the programme
2 What activities would you like to experience
3 What is it about space that most interests you What have you learnt
about it
I think the programme is interesting.
Spacewalk.
Whether there are human beings like us or not.
I’ve learnt that space is a world with zero gravity.
太空体验
12
Present your ideas for the short video in class using the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about how well you structured your introduction and what you could do to improve.
请你根据所学有关探索宇宙空间的词汇和表达，用英语谈谈你对太空探索的看法，词数不超过150词。
Homework
Space exploration is a fascinating journey that pushes the boundaries of human knowledge and technology. It allows us to understand the universe better, from the mysteries of black holes to the potential for life on other planets. Through missions like the Mars Rover and the Hubble Telescope, we have gained incredible insights into our solar system and beyond. However, space exploration is not without challenges, such as high costs and risks to astronauts. Despite these, I believe it is essential for humanity's future. It inspires innovation, unites nations, and could one day provide solutions to Earth's problems, like resource scarcity. In my opinion, investing in space exploration is investing in our future.
Sample
Unit 6 Space and beyond
Using language
To review the usage of modals and use modals correctly;
To use words and expressions about space exploration;
To learn to use opinions and hopes by listening to the listening about life on other planets.
Learning objectives
Review: modals
复习：情态动词
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer
the questions.
a Millions watched that first lunar landing… aware… of the many things that could go wrong.
b The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
c I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, …
d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, …
1 Which sentence talks about ability
2 Which sentence talks about possibility
3 Which sentence talks about necessity
4 Which sentence talks about prediction
c
a
d
b
语法识记
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
5 What other modals do you know What do they indicate
Other modals are: may, might, will, shall, should, need, dare.
语法识记
a Millions watched that first lunar landing… aware… of the many things that could go wrong.
b The world went into shock, most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.
c I can remember that day so clearly, watching the take-off on TV at school, …
d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars, …
1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
Now Look for more sentences with modals in the reading passage.
1. With the eyes of students across the nation upon her, she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
2. But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue, and on 29 September 1988, the space shuttle programme resumed with the successful launch of Discovery.
1. 以上四个句子都使用了情态动词，其后都接动词 。
2. 第1句中的could表示对过去事情的猜测，意为“ ”。
3. 第2句中的would表示过去对事情的预测，意为“ ”。
4. 第3句中的can表示能力，意为“ ”。
5. 第4句中的must表示必要性，意为“ ”。
原形
可能
将会
能够
必须
语法识记
Review: Modals
情态动词，即表示人的情感和态度的动词，它们本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能跟动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛。常见的情态动词主要有：can(could)，may(might)，must，need，shall(should)，will(would)，dare等。
语法精讲
1. can与could的用法
(1)表示能力(could是过去时)。
My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn’t last year.
我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。
(2)表示猜测，意为“可能”，一般用于疑问句和否定句(could是过去时)。
Can this news be true？
这则消息是真的吗？
语法精讲
(3)表示请求和许可(could表示更委婉的语气，回答时只能用can)。
—Can/Could I go now ——我现在可以走了吗？
—Yes，you can. ——是的，可以。
(4)用于肯定的陈述句中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。
As we all know，anyone can make mistakes.
我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。
(5)习惯用法“cannot...too...”表示“无论怎样……都不过分，越……越好”。
有时cannot可用can never替代。
We cannot thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.
对于你们为我们所做的一切，我们怎么感激你们都不过分。
语法精讲
2. may与might的用法
(1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。
以may/might开头的问句在否定回答中要用mustn’t/can’t。
—May/Might I play the computer games after supper
晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？
—Yes，you may./No，you mustn’t/can’t.是的，可以。/不，不行。
(2)表示把握不大的推测，意为“可能”，用于肯定句。
might语气更加不肯定，指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do (be)才表示过去的可能性。
I think he may come tomorrow.我认为明天他可能会来。
(3)may用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
语法精讲
3. will与would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心。用于各种人称，will指现在，would指过去。
I will never do that again.
我再也不那样做了。
They said that they would fight against the haze.
他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。
(2)表示请求、建议。用于第二人称的疑问句，would表示更委婉的语气。
Will/Would you please take a message for me 你能帮我捎个口信吗？
(3)表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。
Fish will die without water.没有水鱼儿就会死。
We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories.
过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。
语法精讲
(4)用于否定句，表示“不肯；不乐意”。
No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.
无论我说什么，他就是不肯听我的。
[特别提醒] would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不表状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
语法精讲
[特别提醒] would与used to
两者均表示“过去常常”，但would仅表示过去的习惯性动作(不表状态)，现在有可能还如此，也可能不再那样；used to既表示过去的动作也表示过去的状态，不过现在不再做或不再有那种状态了。
He would take a walk near the forest in the evening.
以前，他晚间常在森林附近散步。
He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening.
他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了)
语法精讲
4. shall与should的用法
(1)shall用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
What shall I/we do next 我/我们下一步该做什么？
When shall my brother be able to leave hospital 我哥哥什么时候可以出院？
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
You shall go with me. (命令)你跟我走。
You shall have a new dress for your birthday. (允诺)你在生日时会得到一件新裙子。
He shall be punished. (威胁)他会受到惩罚的。
语法精讲
(3)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to；还可表示可能性或表示惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
You should go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
Don’t ask me.How should I know
别问我，我怎么会知道？
5. must的用法
(1)表示义务，意为“必须”，语气比should，ought to强烈。
其否定形式为mustn’t (不准，禁止)。
You mustn’t do that，because you must keep your word.
你不能那么做，因为你得遵守诺言。
语法精讲
[特别提醒]
以must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。
—Must I finish the paper today 今天我必须完成论文吗？
—Yes，you must. /No，you needn’t/don’t have to. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。
(2)表示有把握的肯定推测，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”；在否定句、疑问句中要用can’t 代替，表示“不可能会”。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的肯定推测)
That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不可能是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有别的办法。
语法精讲
(3)表示感彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。
The car must break down just when I was about to start.
我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。
6. need的用法
(1)need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，表示“需要，有必要”，无人称和数的变化，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
You needn’t go there now.你现在不必去那儿。
Need I go there now？我现在需要去那儿吗？
语法精讲
[特别提醒]
由need开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must或have to；否定回答常用needn’t。
—Need I hand in my paper now 我现在需要上交论文吗？
—Yes，you must/have to./No，you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不需要。
(2)作为实义动词，同其他实义动词一样，可用于各种句式，有时态、人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do。
You need to be careful. 你得小心些。
You don’t need to be so worried. 你不必如此担心。
7. dare的用法
(1)dare既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。作情态动词时多用于疑问句、否定句、条件状语从句以及表示怀疑的名词性从句中，表示“敢……”。
I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。
语法精讲
(2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句中不定式符号to也可以省略。
The children don’t dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping.
孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。
8.“情态动词＋have done”结构的用法
(1)must have done表示对过去发生的事情所作出的合理或很有把握的推测，意为“想必/准是/一定……”，只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常被can/can’t＋have done代替。
From what you said，she must have told you all about it.
从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。
语法精讲
(2)can have done一般用于疑问句和否定句中，用于表示对过去所发生事情的推测。could have done用于肯定句时，表示“可能已经做过某事”或“本有能力做某事而未做”。
Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing，for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才还在图书馆看见他了。
(3)should/ought to have done表示“过去本应该做某事而(实际上)没有做”，含有责备或遗憾的语气；其否定形式表示“某种行为不该发生却发生了”。
You should have done more exercise before.
以前你应该多进行锻炼的。
语法精讲
(4)need have done表示“本需要做某事而实际未做”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事而实际做了”。
As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally.
原来是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来没必要穿得那么正式。
(5)may/might have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测，意思是“也许已经做了某事，可能已经做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might时表示语气更加不肯定。
You might have read about the news in the papers.
你可能已经在报纸上看过这个消息了。
语法精讲
一、用合适的情态动词填空
语法专练
1. It is strange that such a gentleman be so rude to a lady.
2. You come here on time，or you’ll be fined next time.
3. I have cooked so much food. Nobody was hungry.
4. When he was young，he climb the small hill every morning.
5. I finish reading the book tomorrow，but I am not sure about it.
6. You have given him some advice. He was too upset at
that time.
should
must
needn’t
would
may/might
ought to/should
7. It is a long time since we met last time.You come and see me
more often.
8. She was so frightened that she didn’t to breathe a word of it.
9. The doorbell rings. I wonder who that is. It be Lisa. She’s still in the library at this time.
10. You feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
should
dare
can’t
may
语法专练
1. you in the following year!
祝你在新的一年里好运连连！
2. Why at noon
他为什么偏偏中午弹钢琴呢？
3. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party
— I’m not sure. I instead.
— 你要来参加杰夫的聚会吗？
— 我不确定。我可能会去看电影。
May
be lucky
must he play the piano
might go to the movies
语法专练
二、完成句子
4. — that left the door unlocked
— It might be Mike.He is always forgetting things.
—是谁没锁门？
—可能是迈克。他总是忘记事情。
5. If Fred didn’t leave till five o’clock，he now.
如果弗雷德直到5点钟才走的话，他现在一定还没到家。
6. — The deadline is drawing near but I failed to challenge the task a
third time.
—
— 截止日期快到了，但我又一次没能完成任务。
— 让我弟弟试一试好吗？
Who could it be
can’t arrive home
Shall my brother have a try
语法专练
语法运用
On 15 0ctober 1997,the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Satur.So great was the distance from Earth that it would / shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn, it sent back amazing images of the planet's famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it could / must collect data.Over the following years,Cassini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons.Finally,on 15 September 2017,Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it should / would meet a fiery end. Scientists had decided that Cassini could / must be destroyed this way, so it must / would not collide with any of Saturn's moons. in its nearly20-year mission,Cassini provided so much information that scientists could / would not process it all. No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye, saying, "Farewell, dear Cassini! We shall / should never forget you!"
2
Read the passage and choose the correct modals.
meet a(an)...end 以...方式终结
collide with... 和...相撞/冲突
bid sb. goodbye 向某人告别
1997年10月15日，”卡西尼号”航天器开始了一项探索土星的任务。（土星）离地球的距离是如此遥远，以至于它需要飞行将近六年才能到达目的地。当它到达土星时，它传回了在紫外线下拍摄到的土星著名光环的惊人图像。为了能收集数据，“卡西尼号”环绕土星飞行了无数次。在接下来的几年里，“卡西尼号”拍摄了大约45万张土星及其卫星的照片。最后，在2017年9月15日，“卡西尼号”被转向土星，这样它将会燃烧以终结自己的使命。科学家们已经决定“卡西尼号”必须以这种方式毁灭，这样它就不会与土星的任何卫星相撞。在它将近20年的任务中，“卡西尼号”提供了如此多的信息，以至于科学家们无法全部处理。难怪那么多人在社交媒体上向它告别，说“再见，亲爱的卡西尼号！我们永远不会忘记你！“
I couldn’t believe it when I looked into the Martian shy. It's scary but beautiful-Martian-red dirt dotted with unknown plants, chocolate-brown mountain ranges and a sky that makes Martian sky look like the glow of a flame. Without special glasses, I couldn’t see much because the light is too bright. Besides, it must be too hot in the day and too cold in the evening so that I should wear a kind of coat to live a normal life there.
语法运用
3
Look at the picture and tell a story using modals
where appropriate.
4
Work in pairs. Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it. Use modals where appropriate.
语法运用
4
Work in pairs. Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it. Use modals where appropriate.
语法运用
In the vast expanse of space, humanity must venture beyond Earth to uncover the mysteries of the universe. Astronauts should prepare meticulously, ensuring their spacecraft is equipped for the journey. As they travel through the cosmos, they might encounter unknown phenomena that could challenge their understanding of science.
Music can provide solace during long voyages, while books may offer knowledge and inspiration. The crew ought to work together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, each member essential to the mission's success. Despite the risks, they will persevere, driven by the desire to explore and the hope that people back on Earth would support their quest. In the end, they must remain true to themselves, for authenticity shall guide them through the stars.
Sample
Life in space
Did you know
The Fermi Paradox: according to some calculations, there should be many other civilisations out there, but there is evidence of these at all. No spacecraft, no radio transmissions, nothing. So, as Fermi said, ”Where
is everybody ”
费米悖论： 根据一些计算，宇宙中应该有许多其他文明存在，但根本没有任何有关其他文明的证据。没有宇宙飞船，没有无线电通信，什么都没有。所以，就像费米说的：”大家都去哪儿了“。
空间生活
听力时间
5
Listen to the interview and choose the questions discussed.
1 Is there life on other planets
2 What would life on other planets look like
3 Should we use robots to explore space
4 What is the Fermi Paradox
5 Will people ever make contact with life on other planets
1
2
5
听力时间
6
Listen again and complete the table.
similar to our own
there are forms of life somewhere
without considering
conditions on other planets won’t be like those on Earth
would work the same way everywhere
travel faster than light
take short cuts, through a “wormhole” in space, for example
Now work in groups of three and act out the interview.
Interviewer: Welcome to our discussion programme, Science, Fact or Fiction . On tonight's show, we'll talk
about life on other planets with scientist Eric Pringle, and science fiction author Sophie Ellis. Sophie, can I
start with you on a favourite topic for science fiction authors Is there life on other planets
Sophie: I think there definitely is. There must be millions and millions of planets like our Earth out there. And
on some of them there will be forms of life, maybe similar to our own.
Interviewer: Eric
Eric: As a scientist, I can't agree with Sophie here. Statistically, you would think it likely that there are forms of
life somewhere. But that's without considering the Fermi Paradox.
Interviewer: What do you say to that, Sophie
Sophie: I'm afraid I don't agree that the Fermi Paradox is a problem. Maybe they don't even want to
communicate with us, just as we don't want to communicate with mice!
Eric: I admit that this is a possible answer to the Fermi Paradox. But we just don't know at the moment.
Interviewer: Well, let's assume life is out there. What would this life look like
Sophie: Since conditions on other planets won't be like those on Earth, it isn't reasonable to think that they will
be like us at all. For example, on an ocean planet, they could look like fish. It has even been suggested that
on a cloud planet they could look like balloons.
听力脚本
听力脚本
Interviewer: What do you think, Eric
Eric: Well, there's evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere, so it's actually quite likely
that life on other planets would in many ways look like us. Possibly they're smarter and more advanced.
Interviewer: I can understand both points of view. It would be wonderful if we could see what they look like.
Will humans one day travel to make contact with them
Eric: No, I'm afraid not. This only exists in the imagination of science fiction writers. The fact that we cannot
travel faster than light, 300,000 kilometres a second, means that it will take more than a lifetime to reach
planets where there might be life.
Interviewer: What's your opinion, Sophie
Sophie: I take your point, but maybe we won't need to travel in straight lines. Perhaps we will be able to take
short cuts, through a“wormhole” in space, for example. The fact is the imagination of science fiction
writers has often pointed the way to the future. Just think of all the predictions about space travel made by
Arthur C.Clarke.
Interviewer: I think you've both made good points. Thank you for being on the programme and let's hope that
one day we will find out the solution to the Fermi Paradox- and maybe contact other civilisations!
Expressing opinions Expressing hopes
I think there definitely is.
Since…, it isn’t reasonable to…
There’s evidence that…
The fact that.. means…
It would be wonderful if…
Let’s hope that…
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
听力空间
7
The dramatic scientific developments of recent years have brought space exploration back to public attention. As getting into space is however, still not an easy task, more and more space camps and other places are providing simulated space adventures. The Space Camp, founded in 1982 under NASA, is an educational camp, where children can learn about space travel and astronomy, and even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut! So far, the camp has inspired hundreds of thousands of young people from the US and from elsewhere around the world. What’s more, some of its ex-students have even grown up to become astronauts!
Work in pairs. Read the passage and answer the questions.
近年来，科学的迅猛发展使太空探索重新引起了公众的关注。然而，由于进入太空仍然不是一件容易的事情，越来越多的太空营地和其他场所正在提供模拟太空探险。1982年由美国航空航天局成立的太空营是一个教育营，孩子们可以在那里学习有关太空旅行和天文学的知识，甚至有机会和宇航员共进午餐！到目前为止，这个营地已经鼓舞了成千上万来自美国和世界其他地方的年轻人。更重要的是，该营地的一些学生长大后甚至成了宇航员！
The passage is mainly about the Space Camp.
bring... back to one’s attention 使……重新引起某人的注意
太空体验
8
1. What is the passage mainly about
2. Would you like to take part in a space camp Why or why not
The passage is mainly about the space camp.
Yes, of course. The camp not only help me learn about space travel and astronomy but also even have the chance to have lunch with an astronaut.
太空体验
Work in pairs. Read the passage and answer the questions.
8
太空体验
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
登记注册；报名参加
模拟装置；模拟器
生动的；逼真的
提交
Sign up for our space programme now and give your knowledge of aviation and space a boost! Here at the observatory, you can learn about astronomy and take in a lunar eclipse. You will also have the chance to design and launch a model rocket.Then, join your mission teammates in our modern flight simulators. Put on a spacesuit, exit the capsule and go on your incredibly lifelike spacewalk in a world with zero gravity. Scared of being space sick Don't worry! Your special training will take care of this. Make the most of your lunar exploration adventure before re-entering into the atmosphere on your way back to Earth.
太空体验
Looking for a way to take one giant leap into a future career in space exploration
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
1.take one giant leap into
向……迈出一大步
2. sign up for报名参加
3.have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
4. zero gravity零重力
5.make the most of
充分利用
6.on one’s way back to
在返回……的路上
现在就报名参加我们的太空计划吧，让你的航空和太空知识得到提升！在天文台，你可以学习天文学知识和观赏月食。你还将有机会设计和发射一个模型火箭。然后，在我们的现代飞行模拟器中加入你的任务队友。穿上宇航服，走出太空仓，在一个零重力的世界里进行令人难以置信的、生动逼真的太空行走。你害怕太空病吗？别担心！对你的特殊训练会解决这个问题。在返回地球的途中重新进入大气层之前，充分利用你的月球探险经历吧。
太空体验
正在寻找一种方法，在未来的太空探索事业中迈出一大步？
Read the advertisement for the space camp and find out what students can do there.
9
Complete the email with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 9.
还记得我告诉你我报名参加了太空计划吗？我刚从一个星期的模拟载人飞行活动中回来，感觉棒极了！我们从学习一些理论开始，在天文台学习天文学，然后发射了模型火箭。之后我们试了模拟器。我穿上一件宇航服，在一个零重力的世界里行走。像那样到处漂浮很奇怪，事实上，很多人都的了太空病！幸运的是，我感觉很好。然后我回到了太空舱，到“月球”进行一些月球探险。你也应该加入这个计划——你会喜欢的！
太空体验
10
Dear Ted,
Remember when I told you I’d signed up for the space programme Well I just got back from a week of simulated manned flight activities, and it was awesome!
We started out with some theory, learning about astronomy in the 1 ________________, and then 2 ___________ model rockets. After that we tried the simulator. I put on a 3 ___________ and went for a walk in 4 _____________________________. It’s strange to float around like that - in fact, a lot of people get 5 ________________ ! Luckily, I felt fine. Then I returned to the6 _____________ and travelled to the “Moon” for some lunar exploration. You should join the programme too —you’d love it!
observatory
launched
spacesuit
a world with zero gravity
space sick
capsule
太空体验
Complete the email with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 9.
10
Imagine going to apply for the program and brainstorm a list words and phrases about the space exportation. Organize the ideas for the short video by answering the questions.
太空体验
11
1 Why do you want to take part in the programme
2 What activities would you like to experience
3 What is it about space that most interests you What have you learnt
about it
I think the programme is interesting.
Spacewalk.
Whether there are human beings like us or not.
I’ve learnt that space is a world with zero gravity.
太空体验
12
Present your ideas for the short video in class using the words and expressions in this section.
Now think about how well you structured your introduction and what you could do to improve.
请你根据所学有关探索宇宙空间的词汇和表达，用英语谈谈你对太空探索的看法，词数不超过150词。
Homework
Space exploration is a fascinating journey that pushes the boundaries of human knowledge and technology. It allows us to understand the universe better, from the mysteries of black holes to the potential for life on other planets. Through missions like the Mars Rover and the Hubble Telescope, we have gained incredible insights into our solar system and beyond. However, space exploration is not without challenges, such as high costs and risks to astronauts. Despite these, I believe it is essential for humanity's future. It inspires innovation, unites nations, and could one day provide solutions to Earth's problems, like resource scarcity. In my opinion, investing in space exploration is investing in our future.
Sample