Unit 1-Unit 4 期中检测培优卷（含答案解析）-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册牛津上海版（试用本）
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| 名称 | Unit 1-Unit 4 期中检测培优卷（含答案解析）-2024-2025学年八年级英语下册牛津上海版（试用本） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语牛津上海版（试用本）
Unit 1-Unit 4期中检测培优卷
注意事项
1. 全卷满分100分。考试时间90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：45分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．—Electricity is our helpful but dangerous servant.
—________.
A．All right B．That’s all right C．Not really D．I couldn’t agree more
2．It’s eleven o’clock in the morning. Mrs. Wang ________ lunch for her family.
A．prepares B．will prepare C．is preparing D．has prepared
3．Mike studies ________ than his classmates on English.
A．hardly B．more hardly C．hard D．harder
4．—Mum, do you mind if I play computer games for a while
—________ But please turn off the sound.
A．Yes, please. B．Sorry, I do. C．No. Play it if you like. D．You’d better not.
5．Peter prepared for the test ________ midnight.
A．until B．unless C．when D．if
6．—________ he came here, he had no ideas how serious the situation was.
—That’s “to see is to believe”.
A．Because B．After C．Until D．Since
7．In China, people usually ________ their houses to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival.
A．put up B．give up C．clean up D．cut up
8．In ________ way, good service sells our products.
A．/ B．an C．the D．a
9．—Must I answer all the questions
—No, you needn’t. You ________ choose two of them.
A．might B．can C．should D．must
10．I would like to be a salesman because I am ________ meeting different people.
A．interested in B．careful with C．connected to D．good for
11．Students _______ use mobile phones or electronic calculators in this test.
A．needn’t B．don’t need C．don’t have to D．mustn’t
12．If you always ____ yourself with others, you may have lots of pressure.
A．connect B．complain C．compare D．consider
13．Mr. Li works as a manager of the restaurant. He ________ everything in the restaurant.
A．in charge of B．is responsible for C．take charge of D．is in the charge of
14．After thirty years, Alice has huge amounts of ________ in teaching.
A．idea B．experience C．stories D．suggestion
15．All the group members voted for Linda to be the leader, then she took charge ________ the group.
A．of B．for C．to D．in
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Before COVID-19, people started to wear masks on the street. Instead of disease, they wore them for air pollution. It has become a habit for people in many 16 of China, especially in the north, where the smog and PM 2.5 have greatly 17 people’s lives.
Several years before, Beijing issued red alert for 18 air pollution from time to time. During the red alert days, the PM 2.5 level in Beijing was around 300. “There was a burning smell in the air—the thick smog blocked your way and kept you from 19 anything,” Song Ting, a 21-year-old student in Harbin, told China Daily.
Beijing has already taken action. The government 20 limit(限制) on car use and 21 some factory hours. It will also 22 factories that pollute. If not, heavily polluting factories will have to buy water and electricity at 23 prices. It also suggests that people reduce outdoor 24 .
Although Smog makes people stay indoors, an indoor environment doesn’t always 25 good air. Many parents have started to 26 their children’s health. They suggested that school 27 air cleaner in classrooms, and some parents in Shanghai even 28 money themselves to buy air cleaners.
To help bring back blue skies, everyone can 29 by taking buses and subways instead of cars and taxis. People can also 30 less fireworks during Spring Festival to reduce air pollution.
16．A．places B．schools C．clubs D．hospitals
17．A．influenced B．interested C．surprised D．offered
18．A．large B．heavy C．busy D．hard
19．A．feeling B．fixing C．seeing D．carrying
20．A．got B．moved C．set D．added
21．A．run out of B．give away C．work out D．cut down
22．A．break B．close C．open D．use
23．A．lower B．higher C．cheaper D．more expensive
24．A．houses B．buses C．streets D．activities
25．A．notice B．raise C．mean D．waste
26．A．argue about B．complain about C．bring about D．worry about
27．A．offer B．repair C．borrow D．make
28．A．raised B．spent C．cost D．made
29．A．give out B．get out C．put out D．help out
30．A．pick B．provide C．light D．watch
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
（A）
At 8,844,43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.
According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left to the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.
Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish.
This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort, recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.
31．What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing
A．Air pollution. B．Rubbish. C．Noise. D．Water pollution.
32．How many people are allowed to climb the north side of the mountain during spring
A．140. B．5,200. C．300. D．400.
33．Which word is close to the underlined word “limiting”
A．Reducing. B．Increasing. C．Affording. D．Protecting.
34．Why will artists show their art works
A．To teach people to make works of art.
B．To help people to know about Qomolangma.
C．To encourage people to clean up Qomolangma.
D．To remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma.
35．What is the best title (题目) of the passage (短文)
A．Work to Make Qomolangma Clean
B．A Big Challenge: Climb Qomolangma
C．Spirit of Qomolangma Climbers
D．Great People near Qomolangma
（B）
We all know the dangers of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house right away.
Make escape (逃走) plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check the windows to make sure they can be open easily.
Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practice for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following rules.
●Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
●Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
●What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll (打滚)! Turning over and over will make the fire go out.
There are many possible causes (原因) for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
36．When a smoke alarm rings at home, we should________.
A．leave the house right away B．break the windows C．call 120 for help
37．When a fire happens, if you open the hot door, __________
A．you will be safe
B．the fire will go more quickly
C．a fireman will help you
38．What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire
A．Run, drop, roll. B．Roll, drop, stop. C．Stop, drop, roll.
39．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．We should practice for a fire.
B．There aren’t any possible causes for fires.
C．Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.
40．What’s the best title for the article
A．Be Ready for a Fire
B．The Causes of a Fire
C．The Danger of a Fire
（C）
Zhang Fubai, 70, is a follower of sugar painting-the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Tianjin. He received the sweet business from his father, who was also a sugar painter.
“When I was a little boy, the children in the neighborhood would ask my father for sugar paintings.” he said. At 9, he began to copy the flowers and insects his father painted, and would even try to create sugar paintings himself. “I thought it was fun, but I never hoped to become a sugar painter myself.”
In 1966, he finished middle school and became a carpenter (木匠) and part-time tailor (裁缝), and worked on all kinds of drawings. He didn’t make up his mind to join the family business until 1980. In the following years, he would spend days seeing small animals in the fields and rivers. The time he spent on watching these things and years of experience as a carpenter and tailor helped him improve his painting skills.
Zhang is never short of buyers because he has created close to 200 sugar painting styles, and he creates new styles every one or two years. If his buyers ask him for something he doesn’t know, he will search on the Internet and try to design the styles in his head.
For now, he is quite worried about passing on the art. “Few young people are interested in learning sugar painting,” he said, “I hope the younger generation can pay more attention to the intangible heritage. It will sweeten their lives, I promise.”
41．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph two refer to
A．Draw pictures about flowers and insects.
B．Paint with children in his neighborhood.
C．Copy and create different sugar paintings.
D．See his father paint flowers and insects.
42．What’s the main idea of paragraph three
A．Zhang decided to give up the family business.
B．Zhang had no interest in sugar painting at all.
C．Zhang enjoyed spending time watching animals.
D．Zhang’s jobs helped his sugar painting creation.
43．What will Zhang do when he needed to paint something unknown
A．Refuse to draw the pictures politely.
B．Try to draw some similar things.
C．Ask other great sugar painters for help.
D．Search online and design it in his mind.
44．What can we learn from Zhang’s words in the last paragraph
A．Learning sugar painting will make our lives sweeter.
B．The young are wished to pass on the intangible heritage.
C．The future of the sugar painting is not worrying.
D．Young people show great interest in intangible heritage.
45．In which part of newspaper can we probably find this passage
A．Science. B．Nature. C．Environment. D．Culture.
第二部分 非选择题（满分：55分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．Some people may cough or feel out of (breathe) during or after exercise.
47．These products are not popular, because many people think they are unnatural and use some . (chemist)
48． (day) practice is important for the coming football match.
49．Children will obey you better if you ask them . (polite)
50．She would never forget those pleasant (experience) while working in China.
51．The man has difficulty (交流) with the foreigners because he can’t speak English.
52．Our present challenge is to prevent the percentage of people who are out of jobs from (增加) sharply.
53．Tom is a (细心的) boy. He hardly ever makes mistakes in the exams.
54．I don’t think we can solve the difficult problem, so I (建议) asking our teacher for help.
55．You need to plan well and make good (决定) quickly.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．我期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。
I’m to hearing from my pen pal as soon as possible.
57．春天，人们都喜欢去野餐，享受大自然的美。
In , people like having a picnic and enjoying the beauty of .
58．为了乘坐舒适，乘客不应在地铁上饮食。
To , passengers shouldn’t eat or drink on the subway.
59．Sandy足够细心，能注意到她身边的小变化。
Sandy is around her.
60．在做决定之前，我想听听别人的建议。
I’d like to listen to others’ advice before I .
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
People ride bicycles all over the 61 /w ld/. In China you may notice that many people don’t wear helmets when riding bikes. But in many other countries, people have to wear 62 (they) when they ride their bikes. In some 63 (place) of the USA, riding bikes without helmets is against the law (法律). And other countries, such as Australia and Spain, have laws saying that everyone must wear a helmet for their own safety. Many people say that helmets are like seat belts (安全带). 64 (wear) helmets can protect people’s heads from injury.
In China, bicycles have their own special roads but riders must obey the traffic rules. If they don’t ride 65 (careful) and break the rules, they may be in danger. In the USA, roads are only for cars. People don’t ride their bikes to school or work 66 / :fn/, but this isn’t true for other countries in the west. The Netherlands (荷兰) has a lot of bikes 67 riding bikes doesn’t cause pollution. 68 whole country has good bicycle roads.
Do you ride your bike to school In China, this is very 69 / k m n/. But in the USA, kids only ride their bikes for fun on the weekend. They see bicycling 70 a sport.
七、材料作文（本大题共20分）
71．为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力，某校开展了以“安全”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇演讲稿。
1、慎重交友； 2、遇险报警；3、安全饮食；4、其他（1—2点）
注意：1. 内容必须包括所给的全部要点，可以适当发挥；
2. 表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；
3.词数80左右，文章开头已给出，不记入总词数。
参考词汇：be careful, online, danger, call... for, healthily and safely
How to Keep Safe
As teenagers, we should always keep safe in mind. But how can we keep safe
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【详解】句意：——电力是我们有益但危险的仆人。——我完全同意。
考查情景交际。All right好；That’s all right没关系；Not really不全是；I couldn’t agree more我完全同意。根据“Electricity is our helpful but dangerous servant.”并结合选项可知，这是一个客观且有辩证性的观点，所以此处应是表示赞同，D项符合。故选D。
2．C
【详解】句意：现在是早上十一点。王太太正在为她的家人准备午餐。
考查动词时态。根据“It’s eleven o’clock in the morning. Mrs. Wang ... lunch for her family.”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选C。
3．D
【详解】句意：迈克在英语方面比他的同学们学习更努力。
考查比较级。hardly几乎不；more hardly错误表达；hard作副词，努力地；猛烈地；作形容词，硬的；困难的；harder比较级形式，作副词时，更努力地，作形容词时，更硬的；更困难的。根据“Mike studies…than his classmates on English.”可知，句中有than，表示比较，需要用比较级形式。故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：——妈妈，你介意我玩一会儿电脑游戏吗？——不。如果你喜欢，请玩吧。但是请把声音关掉。
考查情景交际。Yes, please是的，请；Sorry, I do错误表达；No. Play it if you like不。如果你喜欢，请玩吧；You’d better not你最好不要。根据“But please turn off the sound.”可知不介意孩子玩电脑游戏，如果喜欢的话可以玩。故选C。
5．A
【详解】句意：彼得准备考试一直到午夜。
考查介词。until直到；unless除非；when当……时候；if如果。根据“Peter prepared for the test...midnight.”可知，彼得一直在为考试作准备，直到午夜时间。此处应用until，是介词。故选A。
6．C
【详解】句意：——他不知道情况有多严重，直到他来到这里。——这就是“眼见为实”。
考查连词词义辨析。Because因为；After在……之后；Until直到；Since自从。根据“he had no ideas how serious the situation was”可知，此句是说直到他来到这里，才知道情况有多严重，故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：在中国，人们通常在春节前打扫房屋以扫除厄运。
考查动词短语。put up举起来；give up放弃；clean up打扫；cut up切碎。根据“to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival”可知，中国人在春节前要扫除厄运，经常是通过打扫房屋，故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：在某种程度上，良好的服务有助于销售我们的产品。
考查短语辨析。in a way在某种程度上；in the way妨碍。根据“...good service sells our products”可知，此处指在某种程度上服务有利于销售。故选D。
9．B
【详解】句意：——我必须回答所有的问题吗？——不，你不需要。你可以选择它们中的两个。
考查情态动词辨析。might可以（过去式），可能；can可以，能；should应该；must必须。根据“No, you needn’t. You...choose two of them. ”可知，这句话时态是一般现在时，表示对方“可以”选两道题回答，故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：我想要成为一名销售员，因为我对遇见不同的人感兴趣。
考查形容词短语。interested in对……感兴趣；careful with小心对待；对……仔细；connected to与……相连；与……有联系；good for对……有益；适于。根据“I would like to be a salesman because I am... meeting different people.”可知，这里需要表达“我对遇见不同的人感兴趣”。故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：学生禁止在考试期间使用手机和一些电子计算器。
考查情态动词。needn’t不必；don’t need不需要；don’t have to不必需；mustn’t禁止。根据常识可知，学生是禁止在考试期间使用手机和一些电子计算器的。故选D。
12．C
【详解】句意：如果你总是拿自己和别人比较，你可能会有很多压力。
考查动词辨析。connect连接；complain抱怨；compare比较；consider考虑。根据下文“you may have lots of pressure.”可知，总是和别人比较回给自己带来压力，compare...with...意为“把……和……作比较”，符合句意，故选C。
13．B
【详解】句意：李先生是这家餐厅的经理。他负责餐厅里的一切事务。
考查短语辨析。in charge of负责，掌管，介词短语；is responsible for对……负责，形容词短语；take charge of负责，接管，动词短语；is in the charge of由……负责，被……掌管，其主语通常是物，而不是人。根据“He...everything in the restaurant.”可知，空格处为谓语部分，排除选项A，选项D主语通常是物，而不是人，此句主语是第三人称单数“He”，谓语动词用单三形式，所以is responsible for符合语境，故选B。
14．B
【详解】句意：经过三十年的教学，爱丽丝有了丰富的教学经验。
考查名词辨析。idea主意；experience经验；stories故事；suggestion建议。根据“After thirty years, Alice has huge amounts of … in teaching.”结合语境可知，此处应指有丰富的教学经验。故选B。
15．A
【详解】句意：所有的团队成员都投票选举琳达为领导，然后她接管了这个团队。
考查介词辨析。of表示所属关系；for表示目的或原因；to表示方向或对象；in表示在某个范围内。took charge of“接管”，故选A。
16．A 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文讲述的是环境污染问题，对北京的采取措施给予了报道，提出了绿色出行，少放烟花等环保建议。
16．句意：在中国许多地方，吸烟已经成为人们的一种习惯，尤其是在北方，雾霾和PM 2.5极大地影响了人们的生活。
places地方；schools学校；clubs俱乐部；hospitals医院。根据“especially in the north”可知，此处应用places，表示“在中国的许多地方”。故选A。
17．句意：在中国许多地方，吸烟已经成为人们的一种习惯，尤其是在北方，雾霾和PM 2.5极大地影响了人们的生活。
influenced影响；interested感兴趣；surprised使惊讶；offered提供。根据“the smog and PM 2.5”可知雾霾和PM 2.5对人们的生活有很大影响。故选A。
18．句意：几年前，北京不时发布空气重污染红色预警。
large大的；heavy重的；busy忙碌的；hard困难的。根据“Beijing issued red alert”可知，是红色预警，此处应用heavy，表示“严重空气污染”。故选B
19．句意：空气中有一股烧焦的味道——厚厚的烟雾挡住了你的路，让你什么也看不见。
feeling感觉；fixing修理；seeing看见；carrying携带。根据“There was a burning smell in the air-the thick smog blocked your way and kept you from...anything,”可知，烟雾会让人看不见路，故选C。
20．句意：政府限制了汽车的使用，并减少了一些工厂的工作时间。
got得到；moved移动；set设置；added添加。根据“The government...limit(限制) on car use and...some factory hours.”可知，政府对汽车的使用设置了限制，故选C。
21．句意：政府限制了汽车的使用，并减少了一些工厂的工作时间。
run out of用光；give away赠送；work out算出；cut down削减。根据“...some factory hours”可知，为了减少污染，也会减少工厂的工作时间。故选D。
22．句意：政府还将关闭污染工厂。
break打破；close关；open开；use使用。根据“It will also...factories that pollute.”可知，关闭污染环境的工厂也是保护环境的方式。故选B。
23．句意：否则，严重污染的工厂将不得不以更高的价格购买水和电。
lower更低的；higher更高的；cheaper更便宜的；more expensive更贵的。根据“heavily polluting factories will have to buy water and electricity at...prices”可知，污染严重的工厂要付出更高昂的代价，故选B。
24．句意：它还建议人们减少户外活动。
houses房子；buses公交车；streets街道；activities活动。根据“It also suggests that people reduce outdoor...”可知，室外污染严重，所以是减少户外活动。故选D。
25．句意：虽然雾霾让人们待在室内，但室内环境并不总是意味着良好的空气。
notice注意；raise筹集；mean意思；waste浪费。根据“Although Smog makes people stay indoors, an indoor environment doesn’t always...good air.”可知，室内的环境也不意味着良好的空气。故选C。
26．句意：许多父母已经开始担心他们孩子的健康。
argue about争论；complain about抱怨；bring about引起；worry about担心。根据“Many parents have started to...heir children’s health.”可知，家长们担心孩子的健康。故选D。
27．句意：他们建议学校在教室里提供空气净化器，上海的一些家长甚至自己花钱买了空气净化器。
offer提供；repair修理；borrow借；make制造。根据“They suggested that school...air cleaner in classrooms”可知，家长们建议学校提供空气净化器，故选A。
28．句意：他们建议学校在教室里提供空气净化器，上海的一些家长甚至自己花钱买了空气净化器。
raised筹集；spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是物；made制造。根据“money”可知是指花费金钱，主语是人，应用spent，故选B。
29．句意：为了帮助恢复蓝天，每个人都可以乘坐公共汽车和地铁，而不是汽车和出租车。
give out分发；get out出去；put out扑灭；help out帮助……摆脱困难。根据“To help bring back blue skies, everyone can...by taking buses and subways instead of cars and taxis.”可知，每个人都可以帮助恢复蓝天，故选D。
30．句意：人们也可以在春节期间少放烟花，以减少空气污染。
pick挑选；provide提供；light点燃；watch观看。根据“less fireworks”可知，少燃放烟花也可以减少环境污染。故选C。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题，政府已经着手清除垃圾，艺术家也通过艺术作品展示来提醒人们爬山时不要随意扔垃圾。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.”可知，在春天，只允许300人可以攀登山的北侧。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.”可知，为了减少垃圾，中国限制了攀登这座山北侧的人数，在春天，只允许300人可以攀登山的北侧；可推断出“limiting”意为“限制”，与“reducing”意思相近。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.”可知，艺术家们将展示他们的艺术作品，以提醒人们在珠穆朗玛峰上扔垃圾。故选D。
35．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题，政府已经着手清除垃圾，艺术家也通过艺术作品展示来提醒人们爬山时不要随意扔垃圾；A选项“努力让珠穆朗玛峰的环境变得干净”为最佳标题。故选A。
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文讲述预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时人们应该做的事情。
36．细节理解题。根据“Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house right away.”可知，如果房间里的烟雾报警器响了，应该立即离开房子。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据“The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.”可知，如果打开一个很烫的门，火势会变得更大。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll (打滚)!”可知，如果头发或者衣服着火了，应该马上停止，倒在地上再翻滚来灭火。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“There are many possible causes (原因) for fires.”可知，火灾有很多可能的原因，选项B表述错误。故选B。
40．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据“It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.”可知，本文讲述预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时人们应该做的事情，选项A适合作为文章标题。故选A。
41．C 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了张福海发扬传承中国非物质文化遗产糖画的故事。
41．词义猜测题。根据“At 9, he began to copy the flowers and insects his father painted, and would even try to create sugar paintings himself. “I thought it was fun, but I never hoped to become a sugar painter myself.””可知，it代指前文出现的模仿父亲画的昆虫和花，以及自己创新画出新的糖画这件事。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据“The time he spent on watching these things and years of experience as a carpenter and tailor helped him improve his painting skills.”可知，这一段讲的是张福海的工作经验在他的糖画事业上的帮助。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“If his buyers ask him for something he doesn’t know, he will search on the Internet and try to design the styles in his head.”可知，当他要画一些未知的事物时，他会去网上搜索和在头脑中自己设计风格。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据“I hope the younger generation can pay more attention to the intangible heritage. It will sweeten their lives, I promise.”可知，张福海希望年轻一代可以多关注非物质文化遗产糖画，希望年轻一代可以把这项非物质文化遗产传承下去。故选B。
45．推理判断题。根据全文讲述的内容为非物质文化遗产可知，在报纸上的文化部分我们可以看到这篇文章。故选D。
46．breath
【详解】句意：有些人在运动过程中或运动后可能会咳嗽或感到喘不过气。根据“Some people may cough or feel out of...”可知此处需填动词breathe“呼吸”的名词形式breath，out of breath“喘不过气”。故填breath。
47．chemicals
【详解】句意：这些产品不受欢迎，因为很多人认为它们不天然，并且使用了一些化学物质。根据“use some”可知，此处需要使用名词作宾语，意为“化学物质”，且要用复数。故填chemicals。
48．Daily
【详解】句意：日常练习对即将到来的足球比赛来说是非常重要的。day“天”，修饰名词practice，用形容词，故填Daily。
49．politely
【详解】句意：如果你用礼貌的方式要求他们，孩子们会更愿意服从你。根据“Children will obey you better if you ask them … (polite)”可知，此处应使用其副词形式“politely”来修饰动词“ask”。故填politely。
50．experiences
【详解】句意：她永远不会忘记在中国工作期间的那些愉快经历。根据空前“those pleasant ...”可知，此处是指那些愉快的经历， 应用名词experience“经历”的名词复数形式experiences。故填experiences。
51．communicating
【详解】句意：这个人很难和外国人交流，因为他不会说英语。communicate“交流”，动词；have difficulty doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定词组。故填communicating。
52．increasing
【详解】句意：我们目前的挑战是防止失业人口的比例急剧上升。increase“增加”，空前是介词from，应后接动名词，故填increasing。
53．careful
【详解】句意：Tom是一个细心的男孩。他在考试中几乎从不犯错。根据汉语提示可知，careful意为“细心的”，形容词修饰名词boy。故填careful。
54．suggest
【详解】句意：我认为我们不能解决这个难题，所以我建议向我们的老师寻求帮助。根据汉语提示及空后动名词可知，此处用suggest表示“建议”，suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，主语是I，时态是一般现在时，所以动词用原形，故填suggest。
55．decisions
【详解】句意：你需要计划周到并快速做出好的决定。根据“You need to plan well and make good…quickly.”及汉语提示，可知考查短语make good decisions表示“做出好的决定”；decision为可数名词，此处用复数形式，故填decisions。
56．looking forward
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“期待”，look forward to“期待”。空前有be动词，所以句子为现在进行时，结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。故填looking；forward。
57．spring nature
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，spring“春天”，名词；nature“自然”，不可数名词。故填spring；nature。
58．sit comfortably
【详解】sit“乘坐”，comfortably“舒适地”，副词修饰动词，前有不定式To，后接动词原形，动词不定式作目的状语。故填sit comfortably。
59．careful enough to notice the small changes
【详解】根据英汉对照可知，此处缺少“足够细心，能注意到小变化”，be careful enough to do sth表示“足够细心地做某事”，注意到小变化：notice the small changes。故填careful enough to notice the small changes。
60．make a decision/make decisions
【详解】“做决定”make a decision/make decisions，是固定搭配，根据句意可知此处用一般现在时，I后用动词原形。故填make a decision/make decisions。
61．world 62．them 63．places 64．Wearing 65．carefully 66．often 67．because 68．The 69．common 70．as
【导语】本文主要介绍了骑自行车这种现象在中国和其他国家的不同。
61．句意：全世界的人都骑自行车。根据音标“/w ld/”以及“all over the…”可知，这里表示“全世界”，英文是“all over the world”。故填world。
62．句意：但是在很多其他国家，人们骑自行车时必须戴上它们。根据“people have to wear…”可知此处指“戴头盔”，作宾语用代词宾格them“它们”。故填them。
63．句意：在美国的一些地方，不戴头盔骑自行车是违法的。“some”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“place”是可数名词，所以这里要用其复数形式“places”。故填places。
64．句意：戴头盔可以保护人们的头部免受伤害。分析句子结构可知，“… helmets can protect people’s heads from injury.”中缺少主语，动词不能直接作主语，要用动名词形式，“wear”的动名词是“Wearing”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Wearing。
65．句意：如果他们骑车不小心并且违反规则，他们可能会处于危险之中。“ride”是动词，要用副词来修饰，“careful”是形容词，其副词形式是“carefully”。故填carefully。
66．句意：在美国，道路只是供汽车使用的。人们不经常骑自行车去上学或上班，但对于西方的其他国家来说并非如此。根据音标“/ :fn/”以及语境可知，这里表示“经常”，英文是“often”。故填often。
67．句意：荷兰有很多自行车，因为骑自行车不会造成污染。“riding bikes doesn’t cause pollution”是“The Netherlands (荷兰) has a lot of bikes”的原因，所以用连词“because”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
68．句意：整个国家都有很好的自行车道。“the whole”表示“整个的”，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
69．句意：你骑自行车去上学吗？在中国，这是很常见的。根据音标“/ k m n/”以及语境可知，这里表示“常见的”，英文是“common”。故填common。
70．句意：他们把骑自行车看作是一项运动。“see...as...”是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”，符合语境。故填as。
71．例文
How to Keep Safe
As teenagers, we should always keep safe in mind. But how can we keep safe Here are some of my suggestions.
First, we should be careful when we make friends, especially online. Second, if we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe. Also, we ought to eat healthily and safely. Eating food that goes bad will do harm to our health. Last but not least, summer is coming, and we must remember it’s dangerous to swim in the river. In short, safety must come first!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为讲稿；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点；注意适当发挥，突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，总述安全的重要性，并提起下文；
第二步，结合要点提示，介绍中学生应如何保证自己的安全；
第三步，总结全文。
[亮点词汇]
①make friends 交友
②in danger 处于危险中
③in time 及时
④do harm to 对……有害
[高分句型]
①Second, if we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe.（so that引导目的状语从句）
②Last but not least, summer is coming, and we must remember it’s dangerous to swim in the river.（宾语从句）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024 - 2025学年八年级下册英语牛津上海版（试用本）
Unit 1-Unit 4期中检测培优卷
注意事项
1. 全卷满分100分。考试时间90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。
第一部分 选择题（满分：45分）
一、单项选择（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1．—Electricity is our helpful but dangerous servant.
—________.
A．All right B．That’s all right C．Not really D．I couldn’t agree more
2．It’s eleven o’clock in the morning. Mrs. Wang ________ lunch for her family.
A．prepares B．will prepare C．is preparing D．has prepared
3．Mike studies ________ than his classmates on English.
A．hardly B．more hardly C．hard D．harder
4．—Mum, do you mind if I play computer games for a while
—________ But please turn off the sound.
A．Yes, please. B．Sorry, I do. C．No. Play it if you like. D．You’d better not.
5．Peter prepared for the test ________ midnight.
A．until B．unless C．when D．if
6．—________ he came here, he had no ideas how serious the situation was.
—That’s “to see is to believe”.
A．Because B．After C．Until D．Since
7．In China, people usually ________ their houses to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival.
A．put up B．give up C．clean up D．cut up
8．In ________ way, good service sells our products.
A．/ B．an C．the D．a
9．—Must I answer all the questions
—No, you needn’t. You ________ choose two of them.
A．might B．can C．should D．must
10．I would like to be a salesman because I am ________ meeting different people.
A．interested in B．careful with C．connected to D．good for
11．Students _______ use mobile phones or electronic calculators in this test.
A．needn’t B．don’t need C．don’t have to D．mustn’t
12．If you always ____ yourself with others, you may have lots of pressure.
A．connect B．complain C．compare D．consider
13．Mr. Li works as a manager of the restaurant. He ________ everything in the restaurant.
A．in charge of B．is responsible for C．take charge of D．is in the charge of
14．After thirty years, Alice has huge amounts of ________ in teaching.
A．idea B．experience C．stories D．suggestion
15．All the group members voted for Linda to be the leader, then she took charge ________ the group.
A．of B．for C．to D．in
二、完型填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
Before COVID-19, people started to wear masks on the street. Instead of disease, they wore them for air pollution. It has become a habit for people in many 16 of China, especially in the north, where the smog and PM 2.5 have greatly 17 people’s lives.
Several years before, Beijing issued red alert for 18 air pollution from time to time. During the red alert days, the PM 2.5 level in Beijing was around 300. “There was a burning smell in the air—the thick smog blocked your way and kept you from 19 anything,” Song Ting, a 21-year-old student in Harbin, told China Daily.
Beijing has already taken action. The government 20 limit(限制) on car use and 21 some factory hours. It will also 22 factories that pollute. If not, heavily polluting factories will have to buy water and electricity at 23 prices. It also suggests that people reduce outdoor 24 .
Although Smog makes people stay indoors, an indoor environment doesn’t always 25 good air. Many parents have started to 26 their children’s health. They suggested that school 27 air cleaner in classrooms, and some parents in Shanghai even 28 money themselves to buy air cleaners.
To help bring back blue skies, everyone can 29 by taking buses and subways instead of cars and taxis. People can also 30 less fireworks during Spring Festival to reduce air pollution.
16．A．places B．schools C．clubs D．hospitals
17．A．influenced B．interested C．surprised D．offered
18．A．large B．heavy C．busy D．hard
19．A．feeling B．fixing C．seeing D．carrying
20．A．got B．moved C．set D．added
21．A．run out of B．give away C．work out D．cut down
22．A．break B．close C．open D．use
23．A．lower B．higher C．cheaper D．more expensive
24．A．houses B．buses C．streets D．activities
25．A．notice B．raise C．mean D．waste
26．A．argue about B．complain about C．bring about D．worry about
27．A．offer B．repair C．borrow D．make
28．A．raised B．spent C．cost D．made
29．A．give out B．get out C．put out D．help out
30．A．pick B．provide C．light D．watch
三、阅读单选（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
（A）
At 8,844,43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.
According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left to the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.
Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons (公吨) of rubbish.
This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort, recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.
31．What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing
A．Air pollution. B．Rubbish. C．Noise. D．Water pollution.
32．How many people are allowed to climb the north side of the mountain during spring
A．140. B．5,200. C．300. D．400.
33．Which word is close to the underlined word “limiting”
A．Reducing. B．Increasing. C．Affording. D．Protecting.
34．Why will artists show their art works
A．To teach people to make works of art.
B．To help people to know about Qomolangma.
C．To encourage people to clean up Qomolangma.
D．To remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma.
35．What is the best title (题目) of the passage (短文)
A．Work to Make Qomolangma Clean
B．A Big Challenge: Climb Qomolangma
C．Spirit of Qomolangma Climbers
D．Great People near Qomolangma
（B）
We all know the dangers of fires. It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house right away.
Make escape (逃走) plans. We should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check the windows to make sure they can be open easily.
Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practice for a fire. We do fire practice because we teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following rules.
●Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
●Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
●What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll (打滚)! Turning over and over will make the fire go out.
There are many possible causes (原因) for fires. A wise family is ready for a fire all the time.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项。
36．When a smoke alarm rings at home, we should________.
A．leave the house right away B．break the windows C．call 120 for help
37．When a fire happens, if you open the hot door, __________
A．you will be safe
B．the fire will go more quickly
C．a fireman will help you
38．What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire
A．Run, drop, roll. B．Roll, drop, stop. C．Stop, drop, roll.
39．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．We should practice for a fire.
B．There aren’t any possible causes for fires.
C．Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.
40．What’s the best title for the article
A．Be Ready for a Fire
B．The Causes of a Fire
C．The Danger of a Fire
（C）
Zhang Fubai, 70, is a follower of sugar painting-the intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in Tianjin. He received the sweet business from his father, who was also a sugar painter.
“When I was a little boy, the children in the neighborhood would ask my father for sugar paintings.” he said. At 9, he began to copy the flowers and insects his father painted, and would even try to create sugar paintings himself. “I thought it was fun, but I never hoped to become a sugar painter myself.”
In 1966, he finished middle school and became a carpenter (木匠) and part-time tailor (裁缝), and worked on all kinds of drawings. He didn’t make up his mind to join the family business until 1980. In the following years, he would spend days seeing small animals in the fields and rivers. The time he spent on watching these things and years of experience as a carpenter and tailor helped him improve his painting skills.
Zhang is never short of buyers because he has created close to 200 sugar painting styles, and he creates new styles every one or two years. If his buyers ask him for something he doesn’t know, he will search on the Internet and try to design the styles in his head.
For now, he is quite worried about passing on the art. “Few young people are interested in learning sugar painting,” he said, “I hope the younger generation can pay more attention to the intangible heritage. It will sweeten their lives, I promise.”
41．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph two refer to
A．Draw pictures about flowers and insects.
B．Paint with children in his neighborhood.
C．Copy and create different sugar paintings.
D．See his father paint flowers and insects.
42．What’s the main idea of paragraph three
A．Zhang decided to give up the family business.
B．Zhang had no interest in sugar painting at all.
C．Zhang enjoyed spending time watching animals.
D．Zhang’s jobs helped his sugar painting creation.
43．What will Zhang do when he needed to paint something unknown
A．Refuse to draw the pictures politely.
B．Try to draw some similar things.
C．Ask other great sugar painters for help.
D．Search online and design it in his mind.
44．What can we learn from Zhang’s words in the last paragraph
A．Learning sugar painting will make our lives sweeter.
B．The young are wished to pass on the intangible heritage.
C．The future of the sugar painting is not worrying.
D．Young people show great interest in intangible heritage.
45．In which part of newspaper can we probably find this passage
A．Science. B．Nature. C．Environment. D．Culture.
第二部分 非选择题（满分：55分）
四、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
46．Some people may cough or feel out of (breathe) during or after exercise.
47．These products are not popular, because many people think they are unnatural and use some . (chemist)
48． (day) practice is important for the coming football match.
49．Children will obey you better if you ask them . (polite)
50．She would never forget those pleasant (experience) while working in China.
51．The man has difficulty (交流) with the foreigners because he can’t speak English.
52．Our present challenge is to prevent the percentage of people who are out of jobs from (增加) sharply.
53．Tom is a (细心的) boy. He hardly ever makes mistakes in the exams.
54．I don’t think we can solve the difficult problem, so I (建议) asking our teacher for help.
55．You need to plan well and make good (决定) quickly.
五、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
56．我期待着我的笔友能尽快来信。
I’m to hearing from my pen pal as soon as possible.
57．春天，人们都喜欢去野餐，享受大自然的美。
In , people like having a picnic and enjoying the beauty of .
58．为了乘坐舒适，乘客不应在地铁上饮食。
To , passengers shouldn’t eat or drink on the subway.
59．Sandy足够细心，能注意到她身边的小变化。
Sandy is around her.
60．在做决定之前，我想听听别人的建议。
I’d like to listen to others’ advice before I .
六、短文语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
People ride bicycles all over the 61 /w ld/. In China you may notice that many people don’t wear helmets when riding bikes. But in many other countries, people have to wear 62 (they) when they ride their bikes. In some 63 (place) of the USA, riding bikes without helmets is against the law (法律). And other countries, such as Australia and Spain, have laws saying that everyone must wear a helmet for their own safety. Many people say that helmets are like seat belts (安全带). 64 (wear) helmets can protect people’s heads from injury.
In China, bicycles have their own special roads but riders must obey the traffic rules. If they don’t ride 65 (careful) and break the rules, they may be in danger. In the USA, roads are only for cars. People don’t ride their bikes to school or work 66 / :fn/, but this isn’t true for other countries in the west. The Netherlands (荷兰) has a lot of bikes 67 riding bikes doesn’t cause pollution. 68 whole country has good bicycle roads.
Do you ride your bike to school In China, this is very 69 / k m n/. But in the USA, kids only ride their bikes for fun on the weekend. They see bicycling 70 a sport.
七、材料作文（本大题共20分）
71．为了进一步增强中学生的安全意识，提高自我保护能力，某校开展了以“安全”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇演讲稿。
1、慎重交友； 2、遇险报警；3、安全饮食；4、其他（1—2点）
注意：1. 内容必须包括所给的全部要点，可以适当发挥；
2. 表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范；
3.词数80左右，文章开头已给出，不记入总词数。
参考词汇：be careful, online, danger, call... for, healthily and safely
How to Keep Safe
As teenagers, we should always keep safe in mind. But how can we keep safe
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【详解】句意：——电力是我们有益但危险的仆人。——我完全同意。
考查情景交际。All right好；That’s all right没关系；Not really不全是；I couldn’t agree more我完全同意。根据“Electricity is our helpful but dangerous servant.”并结合选项可知，这是一个客观且有辩证性的观点，所以此处应是表示赞同，D项符合。故选D。
2．C
【详解】句意：现在是早上十一点。王太太正在为她的家人准备午餐。
考查动词时态。根据“It’s eleven o’clock in the morning. Mrs. Wang ... lunch for her family.”可知，强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选C。
3．D
【详解】句意：迈克在英语方面比他的同学们学习更努力。
考查比较级。hardly几乎不；more hardly错误表达；hard作副词，努力地；猛烈地；作形容词，硬的；困难的；harder比较级形式，作副词时，更努力地，作形容词时，更硬的；更困难的。根据“Mike studies…than his classmates on English.”可知，句中有than，表示比较，需要用比较级形式。故选D。
4．C
【详解】句意：——妈妈，你介意我玩一会儿电脑游戏吗？——不。如果你喜欢，请玩吧。但是请把声音关掉。
考查情景交际。Yes, please是的，请；Sorry, I do错误表达；No. Play it if you like不。如果你喜欢，请玩吧；You’d better not你最好不要。根据“But please turn off the sound.”可知不介意孩子玩电脑游戏，如果喜欢的话可以玩。故选C。
5．A
【详解】句意：彼得准备考试一直到午夜。
考查介词。until直到；unless除非；when当……时候；if如果。根据“Peter prepared for the test...midnight.”可知，彼得一直在为考试作准备，直到午夜时间。此处应用until，是介词。故选A。
6．C
【详解】句意：——他不知道情况有多严重，直到他来到这里。——这就是“眼见为实”。
考查连词词义辨析。Because因为；After在……之后；Until直到；Since自从。根据“he had no ideas how serious the situation was”可知，此句是说直到他来到这里，才知道情况有多严重，故选C。
7．C
【详解】句意：在中国，人们通常在春节前打扫房屋以扫除厄运。
考查动词短语。put up举起来；give up放弃；clean up打扫；cut up切碎。根据“to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival”可知，中国人在春节前要扫除厄运，经常是通过打扫房屋，故选C。
8．D
【详解】句意：在某种程度上，良好的服务有助于销售我们的产品。
考查短语辨析。in a way在某种程度上；in the way妨碍。根据“...good service sells our products”可知，此处指在某种程度上服务有利于销售。故选D。
9．B
【详解】句意：——我必须回答所有的问题吗？——不，你不需要。你可以选择它们中的两个。
考查情态动词辨析。might可以（过去式），可能；can可以，能；should应该；must必须。根据“No, you needn’t. You...choose two of them. ”可知，这句话时态是一般现在时，表示对方“可以”选两道题回答，故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：我想要成为一名销售员，因为我对遇见不同的人感兴趣。
考查形容词短语。interested in对……感兴趣；careful with小心对待；对……仔细；connected to与……相连；与……有联系；good for对……有益；适于。根据“I would like to be a salesman because I am... meeting different people.”可知，这里需要表达“我对遇见不同的人感兴趣”。故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：学生禁止在考试期间使用手机和一些电子计算器。
考查情态动词。needn’t不必；don’t need不需要；don’t have to不必需；mustn’t禁止。根据常识可知，学生是禁止在考试期间使用手机和一些电子计算器的。故选D。
12．C
【详解】句意：如果你总是拿自己和别人比较，你可能会有很多压力。
考查动词辨析。connect连接；complain抱怨；compare比较；consider考虑。根据下文“you may have lots of pressure.”可知，总是和别人比较回给自己带来压力，compare...with...意为“把……和……作比较”，符合句意，故选C。
13．B
【详解】句意：李先生是这家餐厅的经理。他负责餐厅里的一切事务。
考查短语辨析。in charge of负责，掌管，介词短语；is responsible for对……负责，形容词短语；take charge of负责，接管，动词短语；is in the charge of由……负责，被……掌管，其主语通常是物，而不是人。根据“He...everything in the restaurant.”可知，空格处为谓语部分，排除选项A，选项D主语通常是物，而不是人，此句主语是第三人称单数“He”，谓语动词用单三形式，所以is responsible for符合语境，故选B。
14．B
【详解】句意：经过三十年的教学，爱丽丝有了丰富的教学经验。
考查名词辨析。idea主意；experience经验；stories故事；suggestion建议。根据“After thirty years, Alice has huge amounts of … in teaching.”结合语境可知，此处应指有丰富的教学经验。故选B。
15．A
【详解】句意：所有的团队成员都投票选举琳达为领导，然后她接管了这个团队。
考查介词辨析。of表示所属关系；for表示目的或原因；to表示方向或对象；in表示在某个范围内。took charge of“接管”，故选A。
16．A 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】本文讲述的是环境污染问题，对北京的采取措施给予了报道，提出了绿色出行，少放烟花等环保建议。
16．句意：在中国许多地方，吸烟已经成为人们的一种习惯，尤其是在北方，雾霾和PM 2.5极大地影响了人们的生活。
places地方；schools学校；clubs俱乐部；hospitals医院。根据“especially in the north”可知，此处应用places，表示“在中国的许多地方”。故选A。
17．句意：在中国许多地方，吸烟已经成为人们的一种习惯，尤其是在北方，雾霾和PM 2.5极大地影响了人们的生活。
influenced影响；interested感兴趣；surprised使惊讶；offered提供。根据“the smog and PM 2.5”可知雾霾和PM 2.5对人们的生活有很大影响。故选A。
18．句意：几年前，北京不时发布空气重污染红色预警。
large大的；heavy重的；busy忙碌的；hard困难的。根据“Beijing issued red alert”可知，是红色预警，此处应用heavy，表示“严重空气污染”。故选B
19．句意：空气中有一股烧焦的味道——厚厚的烟雾挡住了你的路，让你什么也看不见。
feeling感觉；fixing修理；seeing看见；carrying携带。根据“There was a burning smell in the air-the thick smog blocked your way and kept you from...anything,”可知，烟雾会让人看不见路，故选C。
20．句意：政府限制了汽车的使用，并减少了一些工厂的工作时间。
got得到；moved移动；set设置；added添加。根据“The government...limit(限制) on car use and...some factory hours.”可知，政府对汽车的使用设置了限制，故选C。
21．句意：政府限制了汽车的使用，并减少了一些工厂的工作时间。
run out of用光；give away赠送；work out算出；cut down削减。根据“...some factory hours”可知，为了减少污染，也会减少工厂的工作时间。故选D。
22．句意：政府还将关闭污染工厂。
break打破；close关；open开；use使用。根据“It will also...factories that pollute.”可知，关闭污染环境的工厂也是保护环境的方式。故选B。
23．句意：否则，严重污染的工厂将不得不以更高的价格购买水和电。
lower更低的；higher更高的；cheaper更便宜的；more expensive更贵的。根据“heavily polluting factories will have to buy water and electricity at...prices”可知，污染严重的工厂要付出更高昂的代价，故选B。
24．句意：它还建议人们减少户外活动。
houses房子；buses公交车；streets街道；activities活动。根据“It also suggests that people reduce outdoor...”可知，室外污染严重，所以是减少户外活动。故选D。
25．句意：虽然雾霾让人们待在室内，但室内环境并不总是意味着良好的空气。
notice注意；raise筹集；mean意思；waste浪费。根据“Although Smog makes people stay indoors, an indoor environment doesn’t always...good air.”可知，室内的环境也不意味着良好的空气。故选C。
26．句意：许多父母已经开始担心他们孩子的健康。
argue about争论；complain about抱怨；bring about引起；worry about担心。根据“Many parents have started to...heir children’s health.”可知，家长们担心孩子的健康。故选D。
27．句意：他们建议学校在教室里提供空气净化器，上海的一些家长甚至自己花钱买了空气净化器。
offer提供；repair修理；borrow借；make制造。根据“They suggested that school...air cleaner in classrooms”可知，家长们建议学校提供空气净化器，故选A。
28．句意：他们建议学校在教室里提供空气净化器，上海的一些家长甚至自己花钱买了空气净化器。
raised筹集；spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是物；made制造。根据“money”可知是指花费金钱，主语是人，应用spent，故选B。
29．句意：为了帮助恢复蓝天，每个人都可以乘坐公共汽车和地铁，而不是汽车和出租车。
give out分发；get out出去；put out扑灭；help out帮助……摆脱困难。根据“To help bring back blue skies, everyone can...by taking buses and subways instead of cars and taxis.”可知，每个人都可以帮助恢复蓝天，故选D。
30．句意：人们也可以在春节期间少放烟花，以减少空气污染。
pick挑选；provide提供；light点燃；watch观看。根据“less fireworks”可知，少燃放烟花也可以减少环境污染。故选C。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题，政府已经着手清除垃圾，艺术家也通过艺术作品展示来提醒人们爬山时不要随意扔垃圾。
31．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.”可知，在春天，只允许300人可以攀登山的北侧。故选C。
33．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“To reduce rubbish, China is limiting the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.”可知，为了减少垃圾，中国限制了攀登这座山北侧的人数，在春天，只允许300人可以攀登山的北侧；可推断出“limiting”意为“限制”，与“reducing”意思相近。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.”可知，艺术家们将展示他们的艺术作品，以提醒人们在珠穆朗玛峰上扔垃圾。故选D。
35．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰面临垃圾污染问题，政府已经着手清除垃圾，艺术家也通过艺术作品展示来提醒人们爬山时不要随意扔垃圾；A选项“努力让珠穆朗玛峰的环境变得干净”为最佳标题。故选A。
36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．A
【导语】本文讲述预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时人们应该做的事情。
36．细节理解题。根据“Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house right away.”可知，如果房间里的烟雾报警器响了，应该立即离开房子。故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据“The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.”可知，如果打开一个很烫的门，火势会变得更大。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据“What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn First, stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll (打滚)!”可知，如果头发或者衣服着火了，应该马上停止，倒在地上再翻滚来灭火。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据“There are many possible causes (原因) for fires.”可知，火灾有很多可能的原因，选项B表述错误。故选B。
40．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据“It’s good and necessary for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.”可知，本文讲述预防火灾的建议以及火灾发生时人们应该做的事情，选项A适合作为文章标题。故选A。
41．C 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了张福海发扬传承中国非物质文化遗产糖画的故事。
41．词义猜测题。根据“At 9, he began to copy the flowers and insects his father painted, and would even try to create sugar paintings himself. “I thought it was fun, but I never hoped to become a sugar painter myself.””可知，it代指前文出现的模仿父亲画的昆虫和花，以及自己创新画出新的糖画这件事。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据“The time he spent on watching these things and years of experience as a carpenter and tailor helped him improve his painting skills.”可知，这一段讲的是张福海的工作经验在他的糖画事业上的帮助。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“If his buyers ask him for something he doesn’t know, he will search on the Internet and try to design the styles in his head.”可知，当他要画一些未知的事物时，他会去网上搜索和在头脑中自己设计风格。故选D。
44．细节理解题。根据“I hope the younger generation can pay more attention to the intangible heritage. It will sweeten their lives, I promise.”可知，张福海希望年轻一代可以多关注非物质文化遗产糖画，希望年轻一代可以把这项非物质文化遗产传承下去。故选B。
45．推理判断题。根据全文讲述的内容为非物质文化遗产可知，在报纸上的文化部分我们可以看到这篇文章。故选D。
46．breath
【详解】句意：有些人在运动过程中或运动后可能会咳嗽或感到喘不过气。根据“Some people may cough or feel out of...”可知此处需填动词breathe“呼吸”的名词形式breath，out of breath“喘不过气”。故填breath。
47．chemicals
【详解】句意：这些产品不受欢迎，因为很多人认为它们不天然，并且使用了一些化学物质。根据“use some”可知，此处需要使用名词作宾语，意为“化学物质”，且要用复数。故填chemicals。
48．Daily
【详解】句意：日常练习对即将到来的足球比赛来说是非常重要的。day“天”，修饰名词practice，用形容词，故填Daily。
49．politely
【详解】句意：如果你用礼貌的方式要求他们，孩子们会更愿意服从你。根据“Children will obey you better if you ask them … (polite)”可知，此处应使用其副词形式“politely”来修饰动词“ask”。故填politely。
50．experiences
【详解】句意：她永远不会忘记在中国工作期间的那些愉快经历。根据空前“those pleasant ...”可知，此处是指那些愉快的经历， 应用名词experience“经历”的名词复数形式experiences。故填experiences。
51．communicating
【详解】句意：这个人很难和外国人交流，因为他不会说英语。communicate“交流”，动词；have difficulty doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定词组。故填communicating。
52．increasing
【详解】句意：我们目前的挑战是防止失业人口的比例急剧上升。increase“增加”，空前是介词from，应后接动名词，故填increasing。
53．careful
【详解】句意：Tom是一个细心的男孩。他在考试中几乎从不犯错。根据汉语提示可知，careful意为“细心的”，形容词修饰名词boy。故填careful。
54．suggest
【详解】句意：我认为我们不能解决这个难题，所以我建议向我们的老师寻求帮助。根据汉语提示及空后动名词可知，此处用suggest表示“建议”，suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，主语是I，时态是一般现在时，所以动词用原形，故填suggest。
55．decisions
【详解】句意：你需要计划周到并快速做出好的决定。根据“You need to plan well and make good…quickly.”及汉语提示，可知考查短语make good decisions表示“做出好的决定”；decision为可数名词，此处用复数形式，故填decisions。
56．looking forward
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“期待”，look forward to“期待”。空前有be动词，所以句子为现在进行时，结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。故填looking；forward。
57．spring nature
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，spring“春天”，名词；nature“自然”，不可数名词。故填spring；nature。
58．sit comfortably
【详解】sit“乘坐”，comfortably“舒适地”，副词修饰动词，前有不定式To，后接动词原形，动词不定式作目的状语。故填sit comfortably。
59．careful enough to notice the small changes
【详解】根据英汉对照可知，此处缺少“足够细心，能注意到小变化”，be careful enough to do sth表示“足够细心地做某事”，注意到小变化：notice the small changes。故填careful enough to notice the small changes。
60．make a decision/make decisions
【详解】“做决定”make a decision/make decisions，是固定搭配，根据句意可知此处用一般现在时，I后用动词原形。故填make a decision/make decisions。
61．world 62．them 63．places 64．Wearing 65．carefully 66．often 67．because 68．The 69．common 70．as
【导语】本文主要介绍了骑自行车这种现象在中国和其他国家的不同。
61．句意：全世界的人都骑自行车。根据音标“/w ld/”以及“all over the…”可知，这里表示“全世界”，英文是“all over the world”。故填world。
62．句意：但是在很多其他国家，人们骑自行车时必须戴上它们。根据“people have to wear…”可知此处指“戴头盔”，作宾语用代词宾格them“它们”。故填them。
63．句意：在美国的一些地方，不戴头盔骑自行车是违法的。“some”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“place”是可数名词，所以这里要用其复数形式“places”。故填places。
64．句意：戴头盔可以保护人们的头部免受伤害。分析句子结构可知，“… helmets can protect people’s heads from injury.”中缺少主语，动词不能直接作主语，要用动名词形式，“wear”的动名词是“Wearing”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Wearing。
65．句意：如果他们骑车不小心并且违反规则，他们可能会处于危险之中。“ride”是动词，要用副词来修饰，“careful”是形容词，其副词形式是“carefully”。故填carefully。
66．句意：在美国，道路只是供汽车使用的。人们不经常骑自行车去上学或上班，但对于西方的其他国家来说并非如此。根据音标“/ :fn/”以及语境可知，这里表示“经常”，英文是“often”。故填often。
67．句意：荷兰有很多自行车，因为骑自行车不会造成污染。“riding bikes doesn’t cause pollution”是“The Netherlands (荷兰) has a lot of bikes”的原因，所以用连词“because”引导原因状语从句。故填because。
68．句意：整个国家都有很好的自行车道。“the whole”表示“整个的”，句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
69．句意：你骑自行车去上学吗？在中国，这是很常见的。根据音标“/ k m n/”以及语境可知，这里表示“常见的”，英文是“common”。故填common。
70．句意：他们把骑自行车看作是一项运动。“see...as...”是固定短语，意为“把……看作……”，符合语境。故填as。
71．例文
How to Keep Safe
As teenagers, we should always keep safe in mind. But how can we keep safe Here are some of my suggestions.
First, we should be careful when we make friends, especially online. Second, if we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe. Also, we ought to eat healthily and safely. Eating food that goes bad will do harm to our health. Last but not least, summer is coming, and we must remember it’s dangerous to swim in the river. In short, safety must come first!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为讲稿；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：写作要点已经给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点；注意适当发挥，突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，总述安全的重要性，并提起下文；
第二步，结合要点提示，介绍中学生应如何保证自己的安全；
第三步，总结全文。
[亮点词汇]
①make friends 交友
②in danger 处于危险中
③in time 及时
④do harm to 对……有害
[高分句型]
①Second, if we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe.（so that引导目的状语从句）
②Last but not least, summer is coming, and we must remember it’s dangerous to swim in the river.（宾语从句）
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