中考英语语法复习学案（主谓一致）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语主谓一致复习学案
一、主谓一致核心原则
定义：主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
二、语法一致原则（形式匹配）
（一）基础名词主语
单数名词/不可数名词：谓语用单数（动词加-s/-es，be动词用is/was）。
例：The book is on the desk. / Milk looks fresh.
复数名词：谓语用复数（动词原形，be动词用are/were）。
例：The books are on the desk. / They play basketball.
（二）集体名词作主语
强调整体（如family, group）：谓语用单数。
例：The family is large.（指家庭整体）
强调个体（如police, people）：谓语用复数。
例：The police are searching for the thief.（指警察们）
（三）由and连接的主语
不同人/物：谓语用复数。
例：Tom and Lily are students.（两人）
同一人/物（and后无冠词）：谓语用单数。
例：The singer and dancer is on stage.（同一人：歌手兼舞者）
（四）不定代词作主语
表单数（如each, everyone）：谓语用单数。
例：Each of the students has a book.
表复数（如both, many）：谓语用复数。
例：Both are good at English.
（五）主语+介词短语
主语后接with, as well as等短语时，谓语与主语一致。
例：The teacher, together with students, is going on a trip.
三、意义一致原则（语义匹配）
（一）时间/金钱/距离作主语
视为整体，谓语用单数。
例：Ten years is a long time. / Fifty yuan is enough.
（二）动名词/不定式作主语
谓语用单数。
例：Reading is fun. / To learn English takes time.
（三）分数/百分数+of+名词
谓语与of后名词一致：
名词为单数/不可数：谓语单数。
例：30% of the water is polluted.
名词为复数：谓语复数。
例：40% of the students like math.
（四）the+形容词作主语
表一类人（如the poor）：谓语复数。
例：The poor are fighting for life.
表抽象概念（如the beautiful）：谓语单数。
例：The beautiful is not always good.
四、就近一致原则（邻近匹配）
（一）there be句型
谓语与邻近主语一致。
例：There is a pen and two books. / There are two books and a pen.
（二）并列连词（or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also）
谓语与邻近主语一致。
例：Either you or he is wrong. / Not only I but also they like the movie.
（三）here引导的倒装句
谓语与邻近主语一致。
例：Here comes the bus! / Here are some apples.
五、易混点与常见错误
（一）集体名词误判
错误：× The family is watching TV.（指家庭成员）
正确：√ The family are watching TV.
（二）and连接主语的单复数混淆
错误：× The teacher and writer are coming.（同一人）
正确：√ The teacher and writer is coming.
（三）不定代词主谓不一致
错误：× Each of the girls have a bag.
正确：√ Each of the girls has a bag.
（四）there be句型就近原则误用
错误：× There are a boy and three girls.
正确：√ There is a boy and three girls.
六、中考真题解析
（一）集体名词类（2024·广东）
The group of students ______ discussing the problem now.
A. is B. are C. was
解析：group强调个体（学生们），谓语复数，选B。
（二）就近原则类（2023·北京）
Not only my parents but also I ______ interested in the movie.
A. am B. is C. are
解析：邻近主语I，谓语用am，选A。
（三）不定代词类（2024·上海）
Each of the players ______ a chance to win.
A. have B. has C. having
解析：each作主语，谓语单数，选B。
七、记忆口诀
主谓一致三原则，语法意义就近记：
单数主语单谓跟，复数主语复谓齐。
集体名词看整体，and连接辨单复。
there be句型看邻近，either/or就近取。
不定代词单谓多，分数要看of后词。
八、课后任务
1. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空：
① The news ______ (be) good.
② Neither he nor I ______ (be) going.
2. 改错：
① The number of students are 50.
② Here come the bus!
3. 分析近三年中考主谓一致考点。
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