Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas 课件（共27张PPT) 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4

(共27张PPT)
Understanding ideas
Unit 5 Into the unknown
In this lesson, students will:
understand the brilliant achievements of Maya civilization, and find out the possible reasons for the decline and disappearance of Maya civilization;
perceive the language characteristics of the text, and grasp the structure and context of the text;
cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilization.
Learning objectives
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Besides, Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important part on ancient civilisations.
What other ancient civilisations
do you know of
Look & answer :
What do you know about the ancient civilisations
They were very popular before the ancient civilizations suddenly disappeared.
What might be the reasons behind their collapse
The destruction of mankind.
Pre-reading
Read the passage and find out the possible reasons for the disappearance of Maya civilisation.
While-reading
The way that the Maya people changed the landscape around them may have been one of the reasons behind the disappearance of their civilisation. Turning wetlands into fields for growing grains, digging huge canal systems and cutting down more trees for construction reduced their ability to cope with natural disasters. When those natural disasters, such as droughts, struck, the Maya would have faced food shortages, conflicts and eventually, the downfall of their cities.
What’s the main idea of the passage
A. William Gadoury’s new discovery about the Maya civilisation.
B. A true writing system that the Maya people had created.
C. Some possible reasons why the Maya civilisation fell down.
D. How the Maya civilisation was formed.
Fast-reading
2 Choose the topic sentences and write them back to the passage.
a Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
d Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
e Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us
thinking about our own past, present and future.
f Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves
may have played a part in their downfall.






Check your answers:
c
a
b
f
d
e
The mysteries of
the Maya
Para. 1: Introduce the topic
Para. 2: the ______________ of Maya civilisation
Para. 3: the __________ of Maya civilisation
Para. 4-5: The ________ for the disappearance
of Maya Civilisation
Para. 4:
_________ causes
Para. 5:
_________ causes
Para. 6: the mysteries of Maya Civilisation remain to be _______
achievements
decline
reasons
human
natural
solved
Reading for the structure
MAYA CIVILISATION
Read and complete the file of Maya civilisation.
Location
around 1800 BC to 1100 AD
Possible reasons for collapse
from _________ to___________________
1 human causes - reduced the ability to deal with ___________________
______________________________
______________________________
huge expansion of the ____________
2 natural causes- a series of __________ between 700 AD, each _________________________.
Mexico
Central America
natural disasters
turning wetlands into fields
digging huge canal systems
population
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
Time
Reading for the details
1. Canadian William Gadoury spotted an unknown Maya city.
2. The secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are powerful among people.
3. The writing system of the Maya was hard to understand.
4. The Maya were expert at dealing with disasters.
5. By 700 AD , Maya civilisation was at its peak.
F
T
T
F
T
True or False
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation
To amuse the readers
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation
To inform us the location of the Maya city
2. What can’t we infer from the passage
Maya civilisation made a difference to our modern society.
Both human causes and natural causes led to Maya civilisation disappearing.
People still can’t solve the mystery of Maya civilisation.
By 700 B.C., the Maya civilisation was at its peak.
Choose the correct answers.
Think and share:
What other things do you think could destroy a civilisation Share an example with the class.
What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation How can this information help the development of today’s society
Which of the arguments in the passage did you find the most convincing Give your reasons.
After-reading
Complete the cultural comparison with the information from the passage.
Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising similarities. They both possessed a detailed understanding of ___________ and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate ________ and a complex ____________ that used signs to represent sounds and meanings. It can therefore be difficult to explain why, despite their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use _________ _____________________________, while the ancient
Chinese did.Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it ___________ while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived.
mathematics
calendar
writing system
wheels,
metal tools or even animal power
disappeared
Language points
The 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury found that the location of the 117 known cities correspond to the positions of the stars. ________(base) on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Maya civilisation has many achievements.
They __________(apply) their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, ______ was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. The Maya built ______________ (impress) palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. ________ is most extraordinary is how the architectures were built without using of wheels, metal tools or even animal
根据课文内容完成短文。
Based
applied
which
impressive
What
power. The fact that Maya society was _________________ (technological) primitive makes its achievements more incredible and mysterious. By 700AD, Maya civilisation was at ______ peak, but then it began to mysteriously decline. Here are two main reasons why it fell _______ ruin. The first one is that the Maya people turned wetlands into fields for growing grains and dug huge canal systems, which caused the Maya people unknowingly to reduce their ability _________(deal) with natural disaster. Besides, the droughts led to food ___________(short), conflicts and the downfall of the cities. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation still leaves various mysteries for later people to solve.
technologically
its
into
to deal
shortage
1. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
句意：通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与星星的位置相对应。
The gills of a fish correspond to our lungs.
鱼的鳃相当于我们的肺。
Do you ever correspond with your overseas friends
你和你国外的朋友通过信吗？
These goods don’t correspond with/to the list of those I ordered.
这些货物与我的订货单不相符。
I have been in correspondence with his private consultant about the problem.
关于这问题，我和他的私人顾问一直书信往来。
correspond to 与……相符；相当于
correspond with 与……通信；与……相符
in correspondence with 与……通信；与……一致
The written record of the conversation doesn’t correspond ________ what was actually said.
They have been in _________________ (correspond) with each other since they left university.
In the past, it was difficult to correspond _______ our relatives.
to/with
correspondence
with
2. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
句意：玛雅文明从我们现在所知的墨西哥向南延伸到中美洲，自19世纪被重新发现以来，玛雅文明一直被神秘所包围。
Western consultants are now helping Huawei expand into new lines of business.
西方顾问们如今正帮助华为向新的业务领域扩张。
The company has abandoned plans for further expansion.
该公司已经放弃了进一步扩张的计划。
expand (...) into （把……）扩展/发展成……
expansion n. 扩大；增加；膨胀
contract (反义词) vi. 收缩
Despite the recession the company is confident of further _____________(expand).
Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without ____________(expand) the area of the fields.
【语法填空】
expansion
expanding
expand指范围、体积的扩大、膨胀；enlarge指面积、体积的扩大; extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长; spread指物种、疾病、思想、文化等的传播、延伸。
3. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the
Americans at that time: a true writing system.
句意：除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
By the window sat a young woman with a book in his hand.
窗边坐着一个年轻女子，手里拿着一本书。
Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
句子中On top of all this was an achievement为介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装。
“完全倒装”两注意：
为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将作状语或表语的介词短语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。例：
Among these people was his friend, Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
Under the tree sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
树下坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。例：
In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。
In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。
4. The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
句意：玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
that引导的同位语从句
句子结构分析
make+ 宾语+adj. 作宾语补足语
5. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the
main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse
at different rates in different places.
句意：许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。
that引导的宾语从句
why引导的定语从句
句子结构分析