Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas 语言点课件（共50张PPT) 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4

(共50张PPT)
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
玛雅之谜
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
Words and expressions
civilisation n. 文明（社会） 66
* intrigue v. （因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 66
bury v. 将……埋在下面 66
* pyramid n. 金字塔 66
astronomy n. 天文学 67
canal n. 运河 68
* tropical adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的 68
* cyclone n. 气旋；旋风 68
* megadrought n. 超级干旱 68
* downfall n. 衰败 68
ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟 68
fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落 68
abandon v. 离弃，逃离 68
dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定 68
expansion n. 扩大；增加 69
重点词汇
1._____________ v．　　　　　　 将……埋在下面
2．_____________ n. 天文学
3．_____________ n. 运河
4. _____________ n．　　　　　　 残垣断壁；废墟
v. 破坏；毁坏；毁灭
5．_____________ v. 拒绝考虑；否定；解雇；开除
bury
astronomy
canal
ruin
dismiss
词汇拓展
6. _____________ n．文明(社会)→civil adj.文明的；有教养的
7．_____________ v．离弃；逃离→abandoned adj.被放弃的；被遗弃的
8. _____________ n．扩大；增加→expand v．扩大；扩展→expansive adj.广阔的；全面的
civilisation
abandon
expansion
重点短语
1. _____________　　　　 与……一致
2．_____________ 把……运用到……上
3．_____________ 在……之上；除……之外
4．_____________ 更加
5. _____________　　　　 在……顶峰；处于高峰时期
6．_____________ 处理；应付
7．_____________ (因无人照料而)衰落；败落
8．_____________ 在……之中起作用
correspond to
apply...to...
on top of
all the more
at one's peak
deal with
fall into ruin
play a part in
重点句型
1.过去分词短语作后置定语
Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city __________________________ (埋在丛林深处)．
2．whatever引导让步状语从句
__________________________ (不管原因是什么), Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.
3．leave＋宾语＋宾补
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also _______________________ (让我们思考) our own past, present and future.
buried deep in the jungle
Whatever the reasons
leave us thinking about
课文翻译串讲
玛雅之谜
课文翻译串讲
The Mysteries of THE MAYA Intrigued( / n tri ɡ/ v. 激起……的兴趣，引发……的好奇心 ) by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people. 玛雅之谜
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉 加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
1
correspond to 相当于……，符合于……
The written record of his conversation didn't correspond to what was actually said.
他谈话的书面记录与实际所说的不相符。
What's strange to me though, is that at first film music didn't necessarily correspond to what was on the screen.
但让我感到奇怪的是，一开始电影音乐并不一定要与屏幕上的一致。
What does it correspond to 这相当于什么？
1.Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age,15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.
[句式分析]　该句为复合句。Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age在句中作 ，intrigued 与句子主语15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury为
关系，所以用过去分词形式；he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts为省略了that的______ 从句。
[自主翻译]　
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
原因状语
动宾
宾语
从很小的时候就对玛雅文明感兴趣，15岁的加拿大男孩William Gadoury认为自己从对古代星象图的研究中有了一个惊人的发现。
长难句分析
经典句式
过去分词短语作原因状语
,15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.从很小的时候就对玛雅文明感兴趣，15岁的加拿大男孩William Gadoury认为自己从对古代星象图的研究中有了一个惊人的发现。
Intrigued by... “被...吸引住”，这里是过去分词短语作原因状语。
Intrigued by the heated debate, he kept watching for two hours.
他被这场激烈的辩论吸引住了，一直看了两个小时。
Intrigued, I borrowed it from the public library. 我很感兴趣，于是从公共图书馆借了一本。
He was intrigued by her story. 他被她的故事迷住了。《牛津词典》
But I was intrigued by that old man. 然而，那个老人激起了我的兴趣。
Young Ellie was intrigued by the change. 小艾莉被这样的变化吸引住了。
Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery [since its rediscovery in the 19th century]. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. 这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。
2
be surrounded by被包围
People want to be surrounded by competent individuals. 人们想身边都是有竞争力的人。
He just liked to be surrounded by beautiful things and people.
他就是那样，喜欢被一切美好的事物包围着。
How important is it to be surrounded by people similar to you or different from you
你周围的人和你是同类还是与你不同对你有多重要？
2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.
[句式分析]　该句为一个主系表结构的简单句。名词性从句What is most extraordinary about these complex structures在句中作 ；how引导的部分为表语。
【自主翻译】
_____________________________________________________________
________________________
主语
那些复杂的建筑结构最不同寻常的是，它们是怎样在没有轮滑、金属工具
甚至畜力的情况下建造的。
长难句分析
The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing. They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, [with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables]. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely. 玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。他们将这一认识应用到玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统中包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人将其完全解读。
2
on top of (all this/that) 另外；除（尤指令人不快之事）之外（还）；在这一切之上
On top of all that they both find time for their movie careers and they do so much charity work too.
除此之外，皮特和茱丽不忘自己的演绎事业，还做了很多慈善工作。
On top of all this, each robot has its own unique hardware and software.
除了以上这些问题之外，每一个机器人所配备的硬件和软件都完全不同。
On top of all this, the two had barely met. 除此之外，两人很少碰面。
apply... to... 应用……；施用……
The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。
Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation. 提前弄清楚什么规定适合你的情况。
The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound. 正确的做法会是在伤口上施加直接压力。
3.It contained more than 800 characters，with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables.
[句式分析]　该句为一个复合句。with some signs representing animals，people and objects and others representing syllables是with的复合结构作 ，修饰characters；signs 与represent之间存在逻辑上的 关系，所以用动词的-ing形式。
[自主翻译]　
_____________________________________________________________
定语
主谓
它含有800多个字，还有一些符号代表动物、人、物体等，其他符号代表音节。
长难句分析
The fact (that Maya society was technologically primitive)同从 makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet. Within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements. 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。
3
at something's peak某件事的峰值
She's at the peak of her career. 她正处在事业的巅峰。《牛津词典》
At its peak, Dodge City was the biggest cow town in the West. 道奇市在巅峰时期是西部最大的牛镇。
At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.
在公元600年左右的鼎盛时期，这座城市是世界上规模最大的人类定居点之一。
all the more adv. 更加 I love her all the more. 我对她越来越爱。
All the more technically advanced countries put a high value on science.
所有技术更发达的国家都高度重视科学。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
They worshipped the gods all the more after the incident. 事件发生后，他们更加崇拜神灵了。
I like the book all the more for its beautiful illustrations. 我因为精美的插图而更加喜欢这本书。
4.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
[句式分析]　该句为一个复合句。The fact是主语，Maya society was technologically primitive为 ，解释说明fact 的内容；its achievements为宾语，两个形容词incredible 和mysterious为 。
[自主翻译]　
_______________________________________________________
_______________
同位语从句
宾语补足语
事实上，玛雅社会在技术上是比较原始的，这使得它的这些成就更加难以置信，更加神秘。
长难句分析
that引导同位语从句
The fact _________________________________________ makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
事实上，玛雅社会在技术上是比较原始的，这使得它的这些成就更加难以置信，更加神秘。
[举例]
There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight.
他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。《牛津词典》
She had to face the fact that her life had changed forever.
她得正视她的生活已永远改变了这一事实。
The fact that he didn't say ‘no’ immediately is a good sign.
他没有马上拒绝，这是好征兆。
that Maya society was technologically primitive
长难句分析
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. 玛雅文明倾颓的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突，抑或是及各不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
4
it is possible that…有可能
It is possible that there's an explanation for all this.
这一切可能真有个解释。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found.
治疗癌症的方法终有一天能找到。
It is possible that he will do this (matter). 他有可能做这件事。
play a part in起作用；扮演角色
Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
每个人都应该在拯救地球中发挥作用。
He would like to play a part in this historic process.
他愿意在这一历史进程中扮演一个角色。
I accept the fact that fear will always play a part in my life.
我接受恐惧总是占据我生命一部分的事实。
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones( / sa kl n/ n. 旋风；[气象] 气旋 ) than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought( / meɡ dra t/ n. 百年不遇的干旱，巨大的干旱)” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason (why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places)定从. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities. 研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最后导致城市的衰败。
5
lead to sth 通向……; 通往……; 导致……; 引起……; 造成……
A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。《牛津词典》
There were fears that privatization would lead to job losses. 人们担心私有化会导致失业。《牛津词典》
Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
锻炼的缺乏会导致抑郁和疲倦感。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Failure will lead to unhappiness in life. 失败会导致生活中的不幸。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
Whatever the reason, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, [leaving various mysteries for later people to solve]. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future. 无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
6
fall into ruin破败不堪; 变成废墟； （因无人照料而）衰落，败落
A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
The vineyards were falling into ruin. 那些葡萄园当时正日渐没落。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin.
它们的这种形状使它们不太可能倒塌。
Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后，许多古代的雕塑都毁了了。
In some places, roads and mills built to help farmers fell into ruin.
在一些地方，道路和兴建，是帮助农民进入废墟的工厂。
5. Its once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve.
[句式分析]　该句为一个复合句。Its once-great cities fell into ruin为主句，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve为现在分词短语在句中作__ ，表示一种 的结果。这是现在分词短语作结果状语。
[自主翻译]　
_____________________________________________________________
[举例]
①I thought he was making fun of me，and ran faster than ever，reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath. 　　
我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。　　
②Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
结果状语
自然而然
它曾经的大城市荒废了，留下了各种各样的谜团等待后人去解决。
长难句分析
课文语法结构分析
1 Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
Para. 1
十五岁的加拿大少年威廉 加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。据此，他相信自己发现了一座隐藏于丛林深处的未知玛雅城市的位置。尽管学者们对他的理论不予考虑，但是这表明古玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是如此举足轻重。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
过去分词短语作原因状语
省略that引导的宾语从句，在thought之后作宾语。
that引导宾语从句，在found之后作宾语。
过去分词短语作原因状语
省略that引导宾语从句，在believed之后作宾语。
Although引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管，虽然”。
how引导宾语从句，在shows之后作宾语。
2 It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.
Para. 2
这背后的原因不难发现。玛雅文明的范围从现今墨西哥的部分区域向南延伸至中美洲。自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。玛雅人建造了恢宏的宫殿和庙宇，其中包括代表性建筑阶梯金字塔。这些复杂建筑最不同寻常之处在于，在没有使用机轮、金属工具甚至畜力的情况下，玛雅人是如何建造它们的。玛雅人对数学和天文学的认识也十分令人惊叹。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
what引导宾语从句，在介词of之后作宾语。
since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”。
What引导主语从句，意思是“……的是”。
how引导表语从句，意思是“如何，怎么”。
2 They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
Para. 2
他们将这一认识应用到玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。这种文字系统中包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。这种文字系统很复杂，以至于到目前为止没有人将其完全解读。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
which引导非限制性定语从句，对the Maya calendar进行补充说明。
on top of... 除……之外（还）
so...that... 如此……以至于……, that 引导结果状语从句。
3 The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet. Within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
Para. 3
玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。但最大的谜团是为何玛雅人抛弃了绝大部分的大城市。到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天。然而，仅仅在几代之内，玛雅文明开始神秘地衰落。城市荒废，任凭丛林蚕食取代。16世纪早期，欧洲人来到中美洲攫取财富时，只剩下一些玛雅人居住在小型聚居区里。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
that引导同位语从句，对the fact 的内容进行解释说明。
what引导表语从句
when引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……的时候”。
4 Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
Para. 4
玛雅文明倾颓的原因一直是一个谜团。究竟是自然灾害、致死疾病、城市间的冲突，抑或是及各不同因素叠加所致？某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。他们将湿地变成了种植庄稼的田地，还开凿了巨大的运河系统。随着人口增长，人们需要更多土地以发展农业，需要更多树木以修建建筑物。通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
Why引导主语从句，意思是“……的原因”。
that引导宾语从句，在indicate之后作宾语。
As引导方式状语从句，意思是“随着”。
by doing... 介词短语作方式状语。
it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语。
5 Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
Para. 5
研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。最近一些研究发现，公元700年到公元1000年之间，热带气旋的数量远远少于往常。这可能导致了一系列旱灾，每一次旱灾都持续若干年，其中就包括公元900年的一场“百年不遇的旱灾”。许多科学家认为，这些旱灾是玛雅文明在不同地方以不同速度衰落的主要原因。这些旱灾会导致食物短缺、冲突发生，最后导致城市的衰败。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
that引导宾语从句，在suggests之后作宾语。
that引导宾语从句，在found之后作宾语。
“名词（代词）+ 现在分词”构成的独立主格结构，作伴随状语。
that引导宾语从句，在believe之后作宾语。
why引导定语从句，修饰reason，在从句中作原因状语。
6 Whatever the reason, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
Para. 6
无论原因如何，玛雅文明几乎消失在了丛林深处。曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考自己的过去、现在与将来。
The Mysteries of THE MAYA 玛雅之谜
Whatever引导让步状语从句，补全为Whatever the reasons were.
现在分词短语作结果状语，指自然而然的结果。
词组短语用法解析
词、短语及句型
1. intrigued by...
2. correspond to
3. be surrounded by
4. apply... to...
5. on top of (all this/that)
6. all the more
7. at something's peak
8. the fact that
9. play a part in
10. it is possible that…
11. lead to sth
12. fall into ruin
13. leaving...
intrigued by... “被……吸引住”，这里是过去分词短语作原因状语。
1
(教材P66)Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age,15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts.十五岁的加拿大少年威廉 加杜里自幼便对玛雅文明着迷，他认为自己通过研究古老星象图有了惊人发现。
① Intrigued by the heated debate, he kept watching for two hours.
他被这场激烈的辩论吸引住了，一直看了两个小时。
② Intrigued, I borrowed it from the public library.
我很感兴趣，于是从公共图书馆借了一本。
③ He was intrigued by her story. 他被她的故事迷住了。《牛津词典》
④ But I was intrigued by that old man. 然而，那个老人激起了我的兴趣。
⑤ Young Ellie was intrigued by the change. 小艾莉被这样的变化吸引住了。
correspond to 相当于……，符合于……
2
(教材P66)Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. 通过比较，他发现117座已知玛雅城市的位置和星象的位置是对应的。
① The written record of his conversation didn't correspond to what was actually said.
他谈话的书面记录与实际所说的不相符。
② What's strange to me though, is that at first film music didn't necessarily correspond to
what was on the screen.
但让我感到奇怪的是，一开始电影音乐并不一定要与屏幕上的一致。
③ What does it correspond to 这相当于什么？
be surrounded by被包围
3
(教材P68)Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. 自从19世纪玛雅文明再现，层层迷雾便一直围绕着它。
① People want to be surrounded by competent individuals.
人们想身边都是有竞争力的人。
② He just liked to be surrounded by beautiful things and people.
他就是那样，喜欢被一切美好的事物包围着。
③ How important is it to be surrounded by people similar to you or different from you
你周围的人和你是同类还是与你不同对你有多重要？
apply... to... 应用……；施用……
4
(教材P67)They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. 他们将这一认识应用到玛雅历中，该历法精确程度极高，每年误差不超过30秒。
① The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。
② Find out ahead of time what regulations apply to your situation.
提前弄清楚什么规定适合你的情况。
③ The right thing would be to apply direct pressure to the wound.
正确的做法会是在伤口上施加直接压力。
on top of (all this/that) 另外；除（尤指令人不快之事）之外（还）；在这一切之上
5
(教材P67)On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
① On top of all that they both find time for their movie careers and they do so much charity
work too.
除此之外，皮特和茱丽不忘自己的演绎事业，还做了很多慈善工作。
② On top of all this, each robot has its own unique hardware and software.
除了以上这些问题之外，每一个机器人所配备的硬件和软件都完全不同。
③ On top of all this, the two had barely met. 除此之外，两人很少碰面。
the fact that引导的同位语从句
6
(教材P67)The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
① There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight.
他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。《牛津词典》
② She had to face the fact that her life had changed forever.
她得正视她的生活已永远改变了这一事实。
③ The fact that he didn't say ‘no’ immediately is a good sign.
他没有马上拒绝，这是好征兆。
all the more adv. 更加
7
① I love her all the more. 我对她越来越爱。
② All the more technically advanced countries put a high value on science.
所有技术更发达的国家都高度重视科学。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
③ They worshipped the gods all the more after the incident.
事件发生后，他们更加崇拜神灵了。
④ I like the book all the more for its beautiful illustrations.
我因为精美的插图而更加喜欢这本书。
(教材P67)The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. 玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。
at something's peak某件事的峰值；处于顶峰，达到顶峰
8
(教材P67)By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak.
到公元700年时，玛雅文明如日中天 。
① She's at the peak of her career. 她正处在事业的巅峰。《牛津词典》
② At its peak, Dodge City was the biggest cow town in the West.
道奇市在巅峰时期是西部最大的牛镇。
③ At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the
world.
在公元600年左右的鼎盛时期，这座城市是世界上规模最大的人类定居点之一。
play a part in起作用；扮演角色
9
(教材P67)Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.某些研究似乎暗示，玛雅人自己也许就是导致衰落的掘墓人。
① Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
每个人都应该在拯救地球中发挥作用。
② He would like to play a part in this historic process.
他愿意在这一历史进程中扮演一个角色。
③ I accept the fact that fear will always play a part in my life.
我接受恐惧总是占据我生命一部分的事实。
it is possible that…有可能
10
(教材P68)By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.通过这样改变地貌，玛雅人可能在不知不觉中减弱了自己应对自然灾害的能力。
① It is possible that there's an explanation for all this.
这一切可能真有个解释。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found.
治疗癌症的方法终有一天能找到。
③ It is possible that he will do this (matter).
他有可能做这件事。
lead to sth 通向……; 通往……; 导致……; 引起……; 造成……
11
(教材P68)Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. 研究也表明，那些自然灾害可能导致了玛雅文明的衰落。
①A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness. 糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。《牛津词典》
②There were fears that privatization would lead to job losses.
人们担心私有化会导致失业。《牛津词典》
③Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
锻炼的缺乏会导致抑郁和疲倦感。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
④Failure will lead to unhappiness in life. 失败会导致生活中的不幸。
⑤Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
fall into ruin破败不堪; 变成废墟；（因无人照料而）衰落，败落
12
(教材P68)Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
①A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.
革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
②The vineyards were falling into ruin.
那些葡萄园当时正日渐没落。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
③Their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin.
它们的这种形状使它们不太可能倒塌。
④Many ancient sculptures fell into ruin after the earthquake.
地震过后，许多古代的雕塑都毁了了。
⑤In some places, roads and mills built to help farmers fell into ruin.
在一些地方，道路和兴建，是帮助农民进入废墟的工厂。
leaving...现在分词短语作结果状语。
13
(教材P68)Its once-great cities fell into ruin，leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. 曾经恢宏的城市沦为废墟，留下各种谜团等待后人解开。
①I thought he was making fun of me，and ran faster than ever, reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath. 　　
我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。　　
②Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。
③I feel so guilty, leaving all this to you.
把所有这一切都留给了你，我觉得很内疚。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
④Salter drove off, leaving Callendar surveying the scene.
索特尔开车走了，留下加林达继续调查现场。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
1. intrigued by...
2. correspond to
3. be surrounded by
4. apply... to...
5. on top of (all this/that)
6. all the more
7. at something's peak
8. the fact that
9. play a part in
10. it is possible that…
11. lead to sth
12. fall into ruin
13. leaving...
复习回顾
“被……吸引住”，这里是过去分词短语作原因状语。
相当于……，符合于……
被包围
应用……；施用……
另外；除（令人不快之事）之外（还）；在这一切之上
adv. 更加
某件事的峰值；处于顶峰，达到顶峰
引导的同位语从句
起作用；扮演角色
有可能
通向……; 通往……; 导致……; 引起……; 造成……
破败不堪; 变成废墟；（因无人照料而）衰落，败落
现在分词短语作结果状语。
After reading the passage, please fill in the following blanks.
The Maya created great civilisation.They built many impressive temples and palaces without the use of modern 1. (equip).They also invented their own calendar 2. was accurate to within 30 seconds per year,3._____(use) their understanding of mathematics and astronomy.Their writing system was so complicated 4. no one has been able to interpret it completely.
equipment
which
using
that
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
5. ，only after a couple of generations，the Maya civilisation 6. (disappear) within the deep jungle，leaving 7.___________(vary) mysteries for later people 8. (solve).Some scientists believe that the droughts were the main reason why it collapsed.The droughts led to food 9. (shortage)，conflicts and 10. (ultimate)，the downfall of the cities.
shortages
However
disappeared
various
to solve
ultimately
Recite all the phrases and sentence structures we have learned in class.
Homework