Unit 5 Into the unknown Using language课件（共50张，内嵌音频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Into the unknown Using language课件（共50张，内嵌音频）2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 29.2MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-22 20:55:06 | ||
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(共50张PPT)
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Using language
To review, consolidate and flexibly use noun clauses in the actual context.
To grasp some basic facts and the current research situation about the brain.
To figure out the topic discussed in the interview and fill in
the table by taking notes while listening.
To sort out the expressions concerning investigations used in the interview and apply them to conversations.
To ignite the desire to dig out more scientific mysteries and form the habit of sleeping early.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
* getaway n. 逃跑，逃走 71
make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 71
run for one’s life 逃命 71
check out 调查，检查 71
test the waters 试水，试探 71
steer clear of 避开……; 从……处脱身 71
* retreat v. 后退；离开；退避 71
* subdue v. 克制，抑制（情绪） 71
the unknown 不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 71
set out 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途 71
* uncharted adj. 地图上没有标明的 71
* delve v. 探索，探究 71
throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 71
think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑 71
* shrink v. 退缩，畏缩 71
shrink from 避免做，不愿做 71
look into 调查（问题） 71
investigation n. 调查 73
Review: noun clauses
复习：名词性从句
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
1 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
2 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
3 Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
4 What do “how”, “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
1 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
Sentence c.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
2 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
Sentence a.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
3 Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
Sentence b.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
4 What do “how”, “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
In sentence a, “how” refers to the extent of power of Ancient Maya civilisation’s secrets; in sentence b, “what” refers to the thing that caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities; in sentence c, “why” refers to the reason that Maya civilisation collapsed.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
1.Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought (that) he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. [宾语从句]
2.Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. [宾语从句]
3.Based on this, he believed （that）he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. [宾语从句]
4.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. [宾语从句]
5.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures [主语从句] is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. [表语从句]
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
6.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. [同位语从句]
7.Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. [宾语从句]
8.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. [主语从句]
9.Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. [宾语从句]
10.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. [宾语从句]
11.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. [宾语从句]
语法感知
Review: noun clauses
【复习：名词性从句】
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词有that、if、whether ; 连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever/whatever...; 连接副词when、where、how、why等.
名词性从句都有其不同的含义及其用法。使用名词性从句时要注意以下几点:
语法精讲
1.that引导的名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时本身无意义,只起连接作用,也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整,往往用于陈述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不能省略。引导宾语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中,that可省略。但下列情况下,that不可省略:
(1)that从句作介词的宾语;
She remembered nothing about him except that he was from China.
(2)that引导的从句位于句首时;
That Earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
(3)宾语从句前有插入语时;
We hope , on the contrary , that he will go hiking with us.
(4)动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,从第二个从句开始that不可省略;
He told me (that) he had to go and that he would be back soon.
(5)it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中that往往不可省略。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be put off.
语法精讲
2 it 做形式主语的句式：
(1)It+be+形容词(likely、unlikely、wrong、important、certain、clear、obvious、strange、normal等)+that从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such a good suggestion.
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(good news、a fact、an honour、a wonder、no wonder等)+that从句
It’s no wonder that he could succeed.
(3)It+be+过去分词(heard、reported、decided、suggested、advised、ordered、remembered、thought、considered、well-known、announced等)+that从句
It is said that the meeting has been put off until next month.
“ It + be+ ordered/requested/ suggested /advised /insisted /required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is ordered that you (should) spend more time in studying.
(4)It+特殊动词或短语(happen、matter、seem、appear、turn out、occur to、make no difference等)+that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Jim was afraid of being away.
语法精讲
3.whether与if的用法
(1)用whether或if均可的情况
①whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。
②it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。
It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll leave this evening.
(2)用whether而不用if的情况
①主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时;
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
②引导表语从句和同位语从句时;
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.
③引导介词的宾语从句时;
It depends on whether we have enough money.
语法精讲
④引导词与or not连用时;
I don’t know whether or not the news is true.
=I don’t know whether the news is true or not.
⑤引导词后接to do时;
They don’t know whether to leave.
⑥有些动词如leave , put , discuss , decide等后的宾语从句;
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
⑦避免用if引导产生歧义时。
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
4.what和that的区别
what引导名词性从句时意思相当于the thing that,在从句中主要作主语、宾语和表语; that引导名词性从句时本身没有意思,在句中不作句子成分。that引导宾语从句时可省略。
The villagers have already known what we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
What I can’t understand is why he was absent for class.
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found.
语法精讲
5.whether和that的区别
whether和that引导名词性从句时都不作句子成分,但是whether有“是否”的意思,而that只起连接作用,在句中没有任何意思.
We’ve offered her the job , but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it.
Whether we can get enough money for the project is still a question.
That she will refuse your help seems unlikely.
6.who和whoever都可以引导主语从句,只能置于句首,不能用形式主语it代替。who在从句中做主语,whoever相当于the person who...或anyone who...,可同时作主句和从句的主语。
Who will be elected has not yet been decided.
Whoever (Anyone who) comes last law should be punished.
语法精讲
语法专练
一、选词填空
where, when, because, whatever, whether
1.The best moment I can now remember was I was informed my first book was to be published.
2.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
3.Grandma pointed to an old house and said,“That is I was born.”.
4. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
5.From space,Earth looks blue.This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
when
Whatever
where
Whether
because
语法专练
二、完成句子
1.他具体住在哪里我不是很清楚,只知道是在郊区。
I don’t know exactly ,except that it’s somewhere in the suburb.
2.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。
is known to us all.
3.他清楚地表明他要去参加聚会。
He has he will go to the party.
4.这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。
This is — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.要是没有他的帮助,我们就不会是现在的情形了。
Without his help,we wouldn’t be .
where he lives
That Earth goes around the Sun
made it clear that
what my father has taught me
where we are now
Complete the passage using noun clauses with words in brackets.
2
What did DINOSAURS look like
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from 1______________ (think).
In recent years, scientists have worked out 2__________________ (look): many of them were small with feathers. However,3_________________ (have) feathers still isn't clear --- it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems 4 __________________ (depend on) their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
what people think
what they looked like
Why they had
as if they depended on
What did DINOSAURS look like
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from what people think.
In recent years, scientists have worked out what they looked like: many of them were small with feathers. However,Why they had feathers still isn't clear --- it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems as if they depended on their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
恐龙长什么样子？
有许多关于恐龙的谜团，我们渴望找到解释。你可能认为恐龙是巨大的，绿色的，有鳞的，对吗？事实上，他们看起来和人们想象的大不相同。
近年来，科学家们已经弄清楚了它们的样子：它们中的许多都很小，有羽毛。然而，它们为什么长羽毛仍然不清楚——可能是为了交流或保暖，但不仅仅是为了飞行。
科学家们还认为，许多恐龙都有鲜艳的颜色。它们似乎依赖于它们的栖息地。也就是说，会飞的恐龙和生活在海里的恐龙有着不同的颜色。
语法运用
Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
3
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that ....
语法运用
Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
3
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that there was a huge meteorite hitting Earth. But what I believed most was ash and gas from erupting volcanoes. Where so much magma went, all the living things including dinosaurs lost their lives. Besides, it is a fact that clouds of fire and smoke blocked the whole sky so that they had no sunshine to enjoy and no oxygen to take in.
语法运用
Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary.
4
Sample
The South China Tiger, a magnificent creature once roaming freely in the forests of southern China, is now extinct in the wild. One of the main reasons why it disappeared is that human activities destroyed its natural habitat. As urbanization and agriculture expanded, the tigers lost their homes, which is where they hunted and bred.
Another factor is that poaching for its valuable fur and bones was widespread. This led to a sharp decline in their population, as hunters relentlessly pursued them for profit.
Moreover,the fragmentation of its habitat made it difficult for the tigers to find mates and reproduce, which is how species continue to exist. Small, isolated populations struggled to survive and eventually vanished.
In conclusion, the extinction of the South China Tiger is a result of human actions, including the destruction of habitat, widespread poaching, and habitat fragmentation. These reasons highlight the importance of conserving wildlife and their habitats to prevent further losses.
语法运用
Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary.
4
Sample
The South China tiger, one of the world's most endangered species, is believed to have disappeared from the wild due to several reasons. What caused its decline is primarily habitat loss, as forests were cleared for agriculture and development. That the tiger's prey was also reduced significantly further threatened its survival. Another factor is that illegal hunting and poaching were rampant, which led to a drastic drop in their population.
Scientists suggest that the lack of effective conservation efforts in the past contributed to the tiger's decline. Whether the South China tiger can be reintroduced into the wild remains uncertain, but efforts are being made to protect its remaining population in captivity. The hope is that these measures will prevent what happened to the South China tiger from happening to other species.
语法运用
Facing the unknown
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
When something strange or unfamiliar happens, the flight instinct can kick in. Often, making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response, dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers, such as wild animals, lightning and fire. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown - and this curiosity led them to, for instance, discover the use of fire.
In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen
endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
These reactions help humankind delve into the unknown and advance towards a more progressive and civilised society. Of course, exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options.
当一些奇怪或不熟悉的事情发生时，逃跑本能就会发挥作用。通常，快速逃离是一种明智且可以理解的自然反应，这可以追溯到我们的祖先为躲避危险而奔跑的时代，比如野生动物、闪电和火灾。所以，虽然你可能会想看看一个陌生的物体，或者试一试新环境，但避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
然而，并不是每个人都选择遵循这种本能。我们的一些祖先没有退缩到洞穴里，而是选择克服恐惧，追求未知——这种好奇心使他们发现了火的使用。
在近代，挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森, 他忍受了地球上最恶劣的环境之一，前往未知的地区到达南极。
这些反应有助于人类探索未知，并朝着更加进步和文明的社会迈进。当然，探索并不意味着盲目地将自己投入未知，在采取行动之前三思而后行永远不会错。虽然我们没有必要在新情况下退缩，但我们应该首先审视事物并考虑我们的选择。
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
When something strange or unfamiliar happens, the flight instinct can kick in. Often, making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response, dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers, such as wild animals, lightning and fire. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown - and this curiosity led them to, for instance, discover the use of fire.
In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen
endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
These reactions help humankind delve into the unknown and advance towards a more progressive and civilised society. Of course, exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options.
1 What is the flight instinct Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown
2 What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
1 What is the flight instinct Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown
2 What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown
Flight instinct is our instinctive reaction to get away from a strange, unfamiliar or dangerous situation. Some people react that way in the face of the unknown because it is a sensible and understandable natural response.
Some people choose to overcome their fears and face the unknown.
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
1.make a (quick) getaway 逃跑，逃走；快速逃离
They made their getaway on a stolen motorcycle.
他们骑上一辆偷来的摩托车逃掉了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The robbers shot a policeman before making their getaway.
这些强盗逃跑前射杀了一个警察。
These men are extremely dangerous and fired at least two shots in busy London streets as
they made their getaway. 这些人极度危险，他们在夺路而逃时在繁忙的伦敦街道放
了至少两枪。
2. run for one’s lives 逃命；为了逃命而逃
The enemy began to run for their lives. 敌人开始逃命，把伤的和死的都留下了。
In the past because of the tigers they had to run for their lives.
过去因为有老虎它们不得已奔跑逃命。
It caused more buildings to collapse, more landslides to tumble, and more people to run
for their lives. 地震造成了多数建筑倒塌，更多的山体滑坡和更多的人选择逃命。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
3. check out 调查；检查；检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章
Guests should check out of their rooms by noon. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续。
The local police found her story didn't check out. 当地警方证实她的说法不成立。
Check out these survey results. 请看以下调查结果。
4. test the waters 试水；试探；市场测试
Instead of making direct criticisms, they sometimes offered obliquely sarcastic comments
to test the waters. 他们并不会直接批评，而是说些风凉话试水。
I figured the experience might help me identify my strengths and, of course, test the
waters before deciding my future career.
我觉得这份经历可能会帮我发现我的长处，当然，在决定未来职业之前先试试水。
Sometimes people get curious and want to test the waters.
有时候人会很好奇，想试试下水到底有多深。
If they have never done something before, they are eager to test the waters.
如果他们以前从未做过某事，他们会急于试水。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
5. steer clear of 避开...；从...处脱身，绕开
I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.
我认为很多人，尤其是女性，有意避开这些敏感问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
But for now, I'd steer clear of high traffic areas. 但现在，我就避谈交通流量大的区域了。
They should certainly steer clear of cinemas this summer. 他们今年夏天真不该去看电影。
6. retreat to 撤退到...
They say they will stay to rebuild their homes rather than retreat to refugee camps.
他们说要留下来重建家园而不是撤到难民营中。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Every night, I retreat to my lonely bedsit, and sit and do some life doing.
每天晚上，我都退隐到我的小房间里面，坐着随便做点什么事。
When the weather is chilly and my energy is down, I retreat to my bedroom much earlier
than I anticipate. 寒冷的天气让我提不起精神，不知不觉便缩回我的卧室去了。
All his life he'd lived like a squirrel, moving from one retreat to the next.
他的一生都过得像只松鼠，从一个巢穴搬到另外一个。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
背诵短语：
7. the unknown 不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方
Here you can explore the universe and the unknown mystery behind it!
你可以在这里探索宇宙和它背后未知的奥秘！
Silently, he let himself go into the unknown. 他默默地走进未知的世界。
I remember the fear and the panic of the unknown. 我记得那种对未知的恐慌感。
We love the thrill of the unknown. 我们喜欢未知带给我们的震撼。
Luckily, our brains become stronger when meeting the unknown.
幸运的是，我们的大脑在遇到未知事物时变得更加强大。
8. set out 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途
The troops are about to set out. 部队就要出发了。
They all set out together on the way to the forest. 他们一起出发去森林。
He set out on the long walk home. 他动身走很长的路回家了。《牛津词典》
When they set out they were well prepared.
他们出发时有很充分的准备。《牛津词典》
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
9. threw oneself into 积极投入到...中去 ；积极从事
People throw oneself into the arms of the nature, cultivates one's taste, amusement builds up
body, tempering the physique, this is mankind and natural perfect combination. 人们投身于
大自然的怀抱中，陶冶情操，娱乐健身，锻炼体魄，这是人类与自然的完美结合。
Few people feel confident enough to throw themselves into the hurly-burly of financial
markets on their own. 很少有人有足够的信心孤身一人置身于喧嚣的金融市场上。
Our teachers throw themselves heart and soul into their work of bringing up a new generation.
我们的老师为培养新一代而呕心沥血。
10. think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑；重新考虑
You should think twice about employing someone you've never met.
雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。《牛津词典》
Think twice next time you want to throw away food. 下次你想要扔掉食物时，请三思。
You must think twice before you take this step.
你在走这一步之前，应当三思《新英汉大辞典》
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
11. shrink from 避免做，不愿做
He is decisive and won't shrink from a fight.
他很果断，而且不会逃避战斗。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
They did not shrink from doing what was right.
只要做得对，他们就无所畏惧。《牛津词典》
We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation.
我们向他们清楚地表明，我们不会畏避交锋。《牛津词典》
In the face of unfair social phenomenon, we should not shrink from defending social justice.
面对不公平的社会现象，我们不能逃避捍卫社会正义。
12. look into 调查（问题）；了解某事
They set up a working party to look into the issue.
他们成立了一个特别工作组研究这个问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The government has set up a commission to look into those crimes.
政府已成立一个委员会调查那些罪行。
A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。《牛津词典》
Put the words and expressions in Activity 5 into the table. Add any more you can think of.
6
Avoiding making a quick getaway 迅速逃离
running for their lives from 拼命逃跑
steer clear of 避开；绕开
retreating to 撤退到
shrink from 回避；避免
Exploring check out 借出
test the waters of 试水
set out into 开始进入
delve into 深入探究；翻找
taking action 采取行动
Overcoming subdue 克制，抑制 endured 忍耐
Hesitating think twice 再三考虑 look into 调查；研究
consider our options 考虑我们的选择
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
1 What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage
2 What is the current research situation concerning the brain
3 Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain Share them with the class.
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
Of all the workings of the human body, there is one organ that produces the most intrigue amongst scientists. The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most of the body’s activities. Interestingly, it is the back part of the brain that is involved with our vision. The sides of the brain are involved in memory, speech and rhythm.
在人体的所有机能中，有一种器官最能引起科学家的兴趣。 大脑是神经系统的中心，控制着身体的大部分活动。 有趣的是，大脑的后部与我们的视觉有关。 大脑的两侧与记忆、语言和节奏有关。
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
面对未知
Although the brain amounts to only about 2% of total body weight, it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy --- more than any other organ, Scientists have been conducting research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ.
尽管大脑只占身体总重量的2%，但它消耗了身体20%的能量——比任何其他器官都要多。科学家们一直在进行研究，以进一步了解大脑，特别是自20世纪50年代以来。 然而，在我们完全了解这个复杂器官的工作之前，还有很长的路要走。
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
1 What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage
2 What is the current research situation concerning the brain
The brain functions mentioned include its being the centre of the nervous system and controlling most of the body’s activities, including vision, memory, speech and rhythm.
There is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of the brain.
3 Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain Share them with the class.
The brain can generate about 20 watts of power, enough to light a small bulb.
面对未知
面对未知
背诵短语：
13.intrigue / n tri ɡ/ v. 激起……的兴趣，引发……的好奇心；密谋
n. 密谋策划，阴谋；秘密关系；神秘力量
The shapes of clouds intrigue me. 云的形状激起我的兴趣。
But a beautiful, young girl that exudes innocence and intrigue must be cast as Dorothy.
但必须是一位年轻漂亮、散发着天真与狡黠气息的女孩来扮演道罗赛。
The novelty of the situation intrigued him. 那种新奇的情景激起了他的好奇心。
You've really intrigued me—tell me more! 你说的真有意思—再给我讲一些吧！
14. amount to总计；总共；达到；实际上是；达到；等同于
The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an overall ban.
发言人强调说，这些措施并不等于全面禁止。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Lazy people will not amount to anything in life.
懒惰的人在生活中不会有多大出息。
You'll never amount to anything. 你从未完成任何事。
It may not amount to much. 这可能不会有多大作为。
What does this amount to 这意味着什么呢？
Is this what I want my life to amount to 这难道是我想要的生活吗？
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
Listening Practice
听力时间
Listen to the interview and choose the topic discussed.
8
1 Methods to keep the brain healthy and active.
2 Sleep-related mysteries.
3 Ways of improving sleep quality.
4 Methods of interpreting dreams.
2
听力时间
Listen again and complete the table.
9
Now use the information in the table to give a lecture to the class. Do further research if necessary.
听力时间
Listen again and complete the table.
9
rest and do maintenance
remain active
makes lots of poisonous chemicals
remove these chemicals
enough data
the most important reason
New connections are formed between different parts
uses them to form new memories
sleep is necessary to this function
Why do some people dream in colour and others don’t
听力时间
听力文本
Interviewer: Welcome to Science Matters. My guest today is brain scientist Dr Janice Long. Dr Long, could you tell us something about your research
Janice Long: Of course. One of my research areas is sleep, surrounding which there are still many mysteries. For example, we spend one third of our lives sleeping, but still don’t fully understand why we need sleep.
Interviewer: It’s because our brains need time to rest and do maintenance, right
Janice Long: Certainly, that is believed by some researchers. But actually, more recent studies prove that our brains remain active during sleep.
Interviewer: Really If sleep is not for rest, what other reasons could there be for it
Janice Long: Another theory says we sleep due to the brain making lots of poisonous chemicals when we’re awake. It can only remove these chemicals when we’re asleep. But so far, there isn’t enough data to prove it. Personally, I think it might be one reason for sleep, but not the most important one.
Interviewer: I see. So what factor do you believe to be the main cause of sleep
听力时间
听力文本
Janice Long: Well, most scientists, including myself, believe that sleep, especially dreams, can aid learning and help us make memories.
Interviewer: Make memories Would you tell us more about this
Janice Long: You see, while we’re awake, new connections are formed between different parts of the brain. Sleep gives our brains the opportunity to reflect on those connections and use them to form new memories in dreams.
Interviewer: That’s fascinating. So, I guess sleep isn’t quite as mysterious anymore
Janice Long: Oh, I wouldn’t say that. Though we’ve conducted a lot of research, we still can’t prove that sleep is necessary to this function. Hopefully we’ll figure it out eventually!
Interviewer: Good luck with that! And what other mysteries are there surrounding sleep
Janice Long: Well, there are many unanswered questions: why do we “see” our dreams Why do some people dream in colour and others don’t The list goes on, and there is a lot of research still to be done... [fade out]
听力时间
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
10
Could you tell us something about...
It's because...
... prove that...
What other reasons could there be for it
Would you tell us more about...
Asking for more information Explaining
Could you tell us something about... What other reasons could there be for it Would you tell us more about... it's because...
... prove that...
习惯表达
Work in groups. Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
11
Now talk about how effectively you and your group have used the words and expressions you have learnt in this section and suggest ways to improve.
Your Show Time!
脱口秀
Work in groups. Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
11
Now talk about how effectively you and your group have used the words and expressions you have learnt in this section and suggest ways to improve.
Possible version：
The aliens are a general term used by humans to describe imaginary life from other planets. Nowadays, the human beings have not actually detected whether there are aliens in universe, though quiet a few people said that they witnessed alien visit the earth. In the last 50 years of researches, astronomers have not found any conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial life.
Sample
脱口秀
1. Review the basic usages of the new words and expressions learnt in this period.
2. Review the noun clauses in practice.
Homework
Unit 5 Into the unknown
Using language
To review, consolidate and flexibly use noun clauses in the actual context.
To grasp some basic facts and the current research situation about the brain.
To figure out the topic discussed in the interview and fill in
the table by taking notes while listening.
To sort out the expressions concerning investigations used in the interview and apply them to conversations.
To ignite the desire to dig out more scientific mysteries and form the habit of sleeping early.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
* getaway n. 逃跑，逃走 71
make a getaway 逃跑，逃走 71
run for one’s life 逃命 71
check out 调查，检查 71
test the waters 试水，试探 71
steer clear of 避开……; 从……处脱身 71
* retreat v. 后退；离开；退避 71
* subdue v. 克制，抑制（情绪） 71
the unknown 不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方 71
set out 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途 71
* uncharted adj. 地图上没有标明的 71
* delve v. 探索，探究 71
throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去 71
think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑 71
* shrink v. 退缩，畏缩 71
shrink from 避免做，不愿做 71
look into 调查（问题） 71
investigation n. 调查 73
Review: noun clauses
复习：名词性从句
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
1 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
2 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
3 Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
4 What do “how”, “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
1 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the subject of the sentence
Sentence c.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
2 Which sentence contains a clause that serves as the object of the sentence
Sentence a.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
3 Which sentence contains a clause that gives further information about the subject in the sentence
Sentence b.
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
a Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how
powerful the secrets of Ancient May civilization are among people.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon
most of their great cities.
c Why Maya civilization collapsed in the early 16th century remains a
mystery.
4 What do “how”, “what” and “why” in each sentence refer to
In sentence a, “how” refers to the extent of power of Ancient Maya civilisation’s secrets; in sentence b, “what” refers to the thing that caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities; in sentence c, “why” refers to the reason that Maya civilisation collapsed.
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
1.Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought (that) he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. [宾语从句]
2.Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. [宾语从句]
3.Based on this, he believed （that）he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. [宾语从句]
4.Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America，Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. [宾语从句]
5.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures [主语从句] is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. [表语从句]
语法感知
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
Now look for more sentences with noun clauses in the reading passage.
6.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. [同位语从句]
7.Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. [宾语从句]
8.By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters. [主语从句]
9.Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. [宾语从句]
10.Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. [宾语从句]
11.Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. [宾语从句]
语法感知
Review: noun clauses
【复习：名词性从句】
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词有that、if、whether ; 连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever/whatever...; 连接副词when、where、how、why等.
名词性从句都有其不同的含义及其用法。使用名词性从句时要注意以下几点:
语法精讲
1.that引导的名词性从句
that引导名词性从句时本身无意义,只起连接作用,也不在句中作任何成分。它引导的名词性从句结构和意义都完整,往往用于陈述事实。引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,that不能省略。引导宾语从句时,在口语和非正式文体中,that可省略。但下列情况下,that不可省略:
(1)that从句作介词的宾语;
She remembered nothing about him except that he was from China.
(2)that引导的从句位于句首时;
That Earth goes around the sun is known to us all.
(3)宾语从句前有插入语时;
We hope , on the contrary , that he will go hiking with us.
(4)动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,从第二个从句开始that不可省略;
He told me (that) he had to go and that he would be back soon.
(5)it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中that往往不可省略。
He has made it clear that the meeting will not be put off.
语法精讲
2 it 做形式主语的句式：
(1)It+be+形容词(likely、unlikely、wrong、important、certain、clear、obvious、strange、normal等)+that从句
It isn’t likely that I should accept such a good suggestion.
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(good news、a fact、an honour、a wonder、no wonder等)+that从句
It’s no wonder that he could succeed.
(3)It+be+过去分词(heard、reported、decided、suggested、advised、ordered、remembered、thought、considered、well-known、announced等)+that从句
It is said that the meeting has been put off until next month.
“ It + be+ ordered/requested/ suggested /advised /insisted /required...+that从句”结构中,从句谓语应用“(should+)动词原形”。
It is ordered that you (should) spend more time in studying.
(4)It+特殊动词或短语(happen、matter、seem、appear、turn out、occur to、make no difference等)+that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Jim was afraid of being away.
语法精讲
3.whether与if的用法
(1)用whether或if均可的情况
①whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。
②it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。
It’s uncertain whether/if he’ll leave this evening.
(2)用whether而不用if的情况
①主语从句和宾语从句置于句首时;
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.
②引导表语从句和同位语从句时;
The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.
He asked me the question whether we should give money to the homeless.
③引导介词的宾语从句时;
It depends on whether we have enough money.
语法精讲
④引导词与or not连用时;
I don’t know whether or not the news is true.
=I don’t know whether the news is true or not.
⑤引导词后接to do时;
They don’t know whether to leave.
⑥有些动词如leave , put , discuss , decide等后的宾语从句;
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting.
⑦避免用if引导产生歧义时。
Let me know whether you are coming to our party.
4.what和that的区别
what引导名词性从句时意思相当于the thing that,在从句中主要作主语、宾语和表语; that引导名词性从句时本身没有意思,在句中不作句子成分。that引导宾语从句时可省略。
The villagers have already known what we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
What I can’t understand is why he was absent for class.
Some researchers believe that there is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found.
语法精讲
5.whether和that的区别
whether和that引导名词性从句时都不作句子成分,但是whether有“是否”的意思,而that只起连接作用,在句中没有任何意思.
We’ve offered her the job , but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it.
Whether we can get enough money for the project is still a question.
That she will refuse your help seems unlikely.
6.who和whoever都可以引导主语从句,只能置于句首,不能用形式主语it代替。who在从句中做主语,whoever相当于the person who...或anyone who...,可同时作主句和从句的主语。
Who will be elected has not yet been decided.
Whoever (Anyone who) comes last law should be punished.
语法精讲
语法专练
一、选词填空
where, when, because, whatever, whether
1.The best moment I can now remember was I was informed my first book was to be published.
2.Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.
3.Grandma pointed to an old house and said,“That is I was born.”.
4. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
5.From space,Earth looks blue.This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
when
Whatever
where
Whether
because
语法专练
二、完成句子
1.他具体住在哪里我不是很清楚,只知道是在郊区。
I don’t know exactly ,except that it’s somewhere in the suburb.
2.众所周知,地球围着太阳转。
is known to us all.
3.他清楚地表明他要去参加聚会。
He has he will go to the party.
4.这就是父亲教给我的——永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望。
This is — to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
5.要是没有他的帮助,我们就不会是现在的情形了。
Without his help,we wouldn’t be .
where he lives
That Earth goes around the Sun
made it clear that
what my father has taught me
where we are now
Complete the passage using noun clauses with words in brackets.
2
What did DINOSAURS look like
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from 1______________ (think).
In recent years, scientists have worked out 2__________________ (look): many of them were small with feathers. However,3_________________ (have) feathers still isn't clear --- it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems 4 __________________ (depend on) their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
what people think
what they looked like
Why they had
as if they depended on
What did DINOSAURS look like
There are many mysteries about dinosaurs to which we long to find explanations. You may think that dinosaurs were big, green and scaly, right In fact, it seems that they appeared very different from what people think.
In recent years, scientists have worked out what they looked like: many of them were small with feathers. However,Why they had feathers still isn't clear --- it might have been for communicating or for staying warm, but not just for flight.
Scientists also believe that many dinosaurs had bright colours. It seems as if they depended on their habitats. That is, dinosaurs which could fly would have had different colours to those living in the sea.
恐龙长什么样子？
有许多关于恐龙的谜团，我们渴望找到解释。你可能认为恐龙是巨大的，绿色的，有鳞的，对吗？事实上，他们看起来和人们想象的大不相同。
近年来，科学家们已经弄清楚了它们的样子：它们中的许多都很小，有羽毛。然而，它们为什么长羽毛仍然不清楚——可能是为了交流或保暖，但不仅仅是为了飞行。
科学家们还认为，许多恐龙都有鲜艳的颜色。它们似乎依赖于它们的栖息地。也就是说，会飞的恐龙和生活在海里的恐龙有着不同的颜色。
语法运用
Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
3
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that ....
语法运用
Talk about what caused the disappearance of dinosaurs using noun clauses where appropriate. You may use the notes to help you.
3
Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, what really interests me is their disappearance. One possible explanation is that there was a huge meteorite hitting Earth. But what I believed most was ash and gas from erupting volcanoes. Where so much magma went, all the living things including dinosaurs lost their lives. Besides, it is a fact that clouds of fire and smoke blocked the whole sky so that they had no sunshine to enjoy and no oxygen to take in.
语法运用
Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary.
4
Sample
The South China Tiger, a magnificent creature once roaming freely in the forests of southern China, is now extinct in the wild. One of the main reasons why it disappeared is that human activities destroyed its natural habitat. As urbanization and agriculture expanded, the tigers lost their homes, which is where they hunted and bred.
Another factor is that poaching for its valuable fur and bones was widespread. This led to a sharp decline in their population, as hunters relentlessly pursued them for profit.
Moreover,the fragmentation of its habitat made it difficult for the tigers to find mates and reproduce, which is how species continue to exist. Small, isolated populations struggled to survive and eventually vanished.
In conclusion, the extinction of the South China Tiger is a result of human actions, including the destruction of habitat, widespread poaching, and habitat fragmentation. These reasons highlight the importance of conserving wildlife and their habitats to prevent further losses.
语法运用
Work in pairs. Do research into another extinct creature. Share your ideas about why it disappeared using noun clauses where appropriate. Do further research if necessary.
4
Sample
The South China tiger, one of the world's most endangered species, is believed to have disappeared from the wild due to several reasons. What caused its decline is primarily habitat loss, as forests were cleared for agriculture and development. That the tiger's prey was also reduced significantly further threatened its survival. Another factor is that illegal hunting and poaching were rampant, which led to a drastic drop in their population.
Scientists suggest that the lack of effective conservation efforts in the past contributed to the tiger's decline. Whether the South China tiger can be reintroduced into the wild remains uncertain, but efforts are being made to protect its remaining population in captivity. The hope is that these measures will prevent what happened to the South China tiger from happening to other species.
语法运用
Facing the unknown
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
When something strange or unfamiliar happens, the flight instinct can kick in. Often, making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response, dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers, such as wild animals, lightning and fire. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown - and this curiosity led them to, for instance, discover the use of fire.
In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen
endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
These reactions help humankind delve into the unknown and advance towards a more progressive and civilised society. Of course, exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options.
当一些奇怪或不熟悉的事情发生时，逃跑本能就会发挥作用。通常，快速逃离是一种明智且可以理解的自然反应，这可以追溯到我们的祖先为躲避危险而奔跑的时代，比如野生动物、闪电和火灾。所以，虽然你可能会想看看一个陌生的物体，或者试一试新环境，但避开不熟悉的东西会更安全。
然而，并不是每个人都选择遵循这种本能。我们的一些祖先没有退缩到洞穴里，而是选择克服恐惧，追求未知——这种好奇心使他们发现了火的使用。
在近代，挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森, 他忍受了地球上最恶劣的环境之一，前往未知的地区到达南极。
这些反应有助于人类探索未知，并朝着更加进步和文明的社会迈进。当然，探索并不意味着盲目地将自己投入未知，在采取行动之前三思而后行永远不会错。虽然我们没有必要在新情况下退缩，但我们应该首先审视事物并考虑我们的选择。
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
When something strange or unfamiliar happens, the flight instinct can kick in. Often, making a quick getaway is a sensible and understandable natural response, dating back to a time when our ancestors were running for their lives from dangers, such as wild animals, lightning and fire. So while you may be tempted to check out a strange object or to test the waters of a new situation, it can be safer to steer clear of the unfamiliar.
However, not everyone chooses to follow this instinct. Instead of retreating to their caves, some of our ancestors chose to subdue their fears and pursue the unknown - and this curiosity led them to, for instance, discover the use of fire.
In more recent times, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen
endured one of the most hostile environments on Earth when he set out into uncharted territory to reach the South Pole.
These reactions help humankind delve into the unknown and advance towards a more progressive and civilised society. Of course, exploration doesn't have to mean blindly throwing ourselves into the unknown, and it's never wrong to think twice before taking action. While there is no need for us to shrink from new situations, we should always look into things first and consider our options.
1 What is the flight instinct Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown
2 What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
1 What is the flight instinct Why do some people react that way in the face of the unknown
2 What other reactions could people have when facing the unknown
Flight instinct is our instinctive reaction to get away from a strange, unfamiliar or dangerous situation. Some people react that way in the face of the unknown because it is a sensible and understandable natural response.
Some people choose to overcome their fears and face the unknown.
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
1.make a (quick) getaway 逃跑，逃走；快速逃离
They made their getaway on a stolen motorcycle.
他们骑上一辆偷来的摩托车逃掉了。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The robbers shot a policeman before making their getaway.
这些强盗逃跑前射杀了一个警察。
These men are extremely dangerous and fired at least two shots in busy London streets as
they made their getaway. 这些人极度危险，他们在夺路而逃时在繁忙的伦敦街道放
了至少两枪。
2. run for one’s lives 逃命；为了逃命而逃
The enemy began to run for their lives. 敌人开始逃命，把伤的和死的都留下了。
In the past because of the tigers they had to run for their lives.
过去因为有老虎它们不得已奔跑逃命。
It caused more buildings to collapse, more landslides to tumble, and more people to run
for their lives. 地震造成了多数建筑倒塌，更多的山体滑坡和更多的人选择逃命。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
3. check out 调查；检查；检验；结账离开；通过考核；盖章
Guests should check out of their rooms by noon. 客人必须在中午以前办理退房手续。
The local police found her story didn't check out. 当地警方证实她的说法不成立。
Check out these survey results. 请看以下调查结果。
4. test the waters 试水；试探；市场测试
Instead of making direct criticisms, they sometimes offered obliquely sarcastic comments
to test the waters. 他们并不会直接批评，而是说些风凉话试水。
I figured the experience might help me identify my strengths and, of course, test the
waters before deciding my future career.
我觉得这份经历可能会帮我发现我的长处，当然，在决定未来职业之前先试试水。
Sometimes people get curious and want to test the waters.
有时候人会很好奇，想试试下水到底有多深。
If they have never done something before, they are eager to test the waters.
如果他们以前从未做过某事，他们会急于试水。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
5. steer clear of 避开...；从...处脱身，绕开
I think a lot of people, women in particular, steer clear of these sensitive issues.
我认为很多人，尤其是女性，有意避开这些敏感问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
But for now, I'd steer clear of high traffic areas. 但现在，我就避谈交通流量大的区域了。
They should certainly steer clear of cinemas this summer. 他们今年夏天真不该去看电影。
6. retreat to 撤退到...
They say they will stay to rebuild their homes rather than retreat to refugee camps.
他们说要留下来重建家园而不是撤到难民营中。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Every night, I retreat to my lonely bedsit, and sit and do some life doing.
每天晚上，我都退隐到我的小房间里面，坐着随便做点什么事。
When the weather is chilly and my energy is down, I retreat to my bedroom much earlier
than I anticipate. 寒冷的天气让我提不起精神，不知不觉便缩回我的卧室去了。
All his life he'd lived like a squirrel, moving from one retreat to the next.
他的一生都过得像只松鼠，从一个巢穴搬到另外一个。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
背诵短语：
7. the unknown 不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方
Here you can explore the universe and the unknown mystery behind it!
你可以在这里探索宇宙和它背后未知的奥秘！
Silently, he let himself go into the unknown. 他默默地走进未知的世界。
I remember the fear and the panic of the unknown. 我记得那种对未知的恐慌感。
We love the thrill of the unknown. 我们喜欢未知带给我们的震撼。
Luckily, our brains become stronger when meeting the unknown.
幸运的是，我们的大脑在遇到未知事物时变得更加强大。
8. set out 动身踏上（漫长的）旅途
The troops are about to set out. 部队就要出发了。
They all set out together on the way to the forest. 他们一起出发去森林。
He set out on the long walk home. 他动身走很长的路回家了。《牛津词典》
When they set out they were well prepared.
他们出发时有很充分的准备。《牛津词典》
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
9. threw oneself into 积极投入到...中去 ；积极从事
People throw oneself into the arms of the nature, cultivates one's taste, amusement builds up
body, tempering the physique, this is mankind and natural perfect combination. 人们投身于
大自然的怀抱中，陶冶情操，娱乐健身，锻炼体魄，这是人类与自然的完美结合。
Few people feel confident enough to throw themselves into the hurly-burly of financial
markets on their own. 很少有人有足够的信心孤身一人置身于喧嚣的金融市场上。
Our teachers throw themselves heart and soul into their work of bringing up a new generation.
我们的老师为培养新一代而呕心沥血。
10. think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑；重新考虑
You should think twice about employing someone you've never met.
雇用素不相识的人应三思而行。《牛津词典》
Think twice next time you want to throw away food. 下次你想要扔掉食物时，请三思。
You must think twice before you take this step.
你在走这一步之前，应当三思《新英汉大辞典》
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
5
面对未知
背诵短语：
11. shrink from 避免做，不愿做
He is decisive and won't shrink from a fight.
他很果断，而且不会逃避战斗。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
They did not shrink from doing what was right.
只要做得对，他们就无所畏惧。《牛津词典》
We made it clear to them that we would not shrink from confrontation.
我们向他们清楚地表明，我们不会畏避交锋。《牛津词典》
In the face of unfair social phenomenon, we should not shrink from defending social justice.
面对不公平的社会现象，我们不能逃避捍卫社会正义。
12. look into 调查（问题）；了解某事
They set up a working party to look into the issue.
他们成立了一个特别工作组研究这个问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The government has set up a commission to look into those crimes.
政府已成立一个委员会调查那些罪行。
A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。《牛津词典》
Put the words and expressions in Activity 5 into the table. Add any more you can think of.
6
Avoiding making a quick getaway 迅速逃离
running for their lives from 拼命逃跑
steer clear of 避开；绕开
retreating to 撤退到
shrink from 回避；避免
Exploring check out 借出
test the waters of 试水
set out into 开始进入
delve into 深入探究；翻找
taking action 采取行动
Overcoming subdue 克制，抑制 endured 忍耐
Hesitating think twice 再三考虑 look into 调查；研究
consider our options 考虑我们的选择
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
1 What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage
2 What is the current research situation concerning the brain
3 Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain Share them with the class.
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
Of all the workings of the human body, there is one organ that produces the most intrigue amongst scientists. The brain is the centre of the nervous system and controls most of the body’s activities. Interestingly, it is the back part of the brain that is involved with our vision. The sides of the brain are involved in memory, speech and rhythm.
在人体的所有机能中，有一种器官最能引起科学家的兴趣。 大脑是神经系统的中心，控制着身体的大部分活动。 有趣的是，大脑的后部与我们的视觉有关。 大脑的两侧与记忆、语言和节奏有关。
面对未知
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
面对未知
Although the brain amounts to only about 2% of total body weight, it uses up to 20% of the body’s energy --- more than any other organ, Scientists have been conducting research in order to seek greater understanding of the brain, especially since the 1950s. Nevertheless, there is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of this complex organ.
尽管大脑只占身体总重量的2%，但它消耗了身体20%的能量——比任何其他器官都要多。科学家们一直在进行研究，以进一步了解大脑，特别是自20世纪50年代以来。 然而，在我们完全了解这个复杂器官的工作之前，还有很长的路要走。
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
1 What functions of the brain are mentioned in the passage
2 What is the current research situation concerning the brain
The brain functions mentioned include its being the centre of the nervous system and controlling most of the body’s activities, including vision, memory, speech and rhythm.
There is still a long way to go before we can completely understand the workings of the brain.
3 Do you know any other interesting facts about the brain Share them with the class.
The brain can generate about 20 watts of power, enough to light a small bulb.
面对未知
面对未知
背诵短语：
13.intrigue / n tri ɡ/ v. 激起……的兴趣，引发……的好奇心；密谋
n. 密谋策划，阴谋；秘密关系；神秘力量
The shapes of clouds intrigue me. 云的形状激起我的兴趣。
But a beautiful, young girl that exudes innocence and intrigue must be cast as Dorothy.
但必须是一位年轻漂亮、散发着天真与狡黠气息的女孩来扮演道罗赛。
The novelty of the situation intrigued him. 那种新奇的情景激起了他的好奇心。
You've really intrigued me—tell me more! 你说的真有意思—再给我讲一些吧！
14. amount to总计；总共；达到；实际上是；达到；等同于
The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an overall ban.
发言人强调说，这些措施并不等于全面禁止。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Lazy people will not amount to anything in life.
懒惰的人在生活中不会有多大出息。
You'll never amount to anything. 你从未完成任何事。
It may not amount to much. 这可能不会有多大作为。
What does this amount to 这意味着什么呢？
Is this what I want my life to amount to 这难道是我想要的生活吗？
Read the passage and answer the questions.
7
Listening Practice
听力时间
Listen to the interview and choose the topic discussed.
8
1 Methods to keep the brain healthy and active.
2 Sleep-related mysteries.
3 Ways of improving sleep quality.
4 Methods of interpreting dreams.
2
听力时间
Listen again and complete the table.
9
Now use the information in the table to give a lecture to the class. Do further research if necessary.
听力时间
Listen again and complete the table.
9
rest and do maintenance
remain active
makes lots of poisonous chemicals
remove these chemicals
enough data
the most important reason
New connections are formed between different parts
uses them to form new memories
sleep is necessary to this function
Why do some people dream in colour and others don’t
听力时间
听力文本
Interviewer: Welcome to Science Matters. My guest today is brain scientist Dr Janice Long. Dr Long, could you tell us something about your research
Janice Long: Of course. One of my research areas is sleep, surrounding which there are still many mysteries. For example, we spend one third of our lives sleeping, but still don’t fully understand why we need sleep.
Interviewer: It’s because our brains need time to rest and do maintenance, right
Janice Long: Certainly, that is believed by some researchers. But actually, more recent studies prove that our brains remain active during sleep.
Interviewer: Really If sleep is not for rest, what other reasons could there be for it
Janice Long: Another theory says we sleep due to the brain making lots of poisonous chemicals when we’re awake. It can only remove these chemicals when we’re asleep. But so far, there isn’t enough data to prove it. Personally, I think it might be one reason for sleep, but not the most important one.
Interviewer: I see. So what factor do you believe to be the main cause of sleep
听力时间
听力文本
Janice Long: Well, most scientists, including myself, believe that sleep, especially dreams, can aid learning and help us make memories.
Interviewer: Make memories Would you tell us more about this
Janice Long: You see, while we’re awake, new connections are formed between different parts of the brain. Sleep gives our brains the opportunity to reflect on those connections and use them to form new memories in dreams.
Interviewer: That’s fascinating. So, I guess sleep isn’t quite as mysterious anymore
Janice Long: Oh, I wouldn’t say that. Though we’ve conducted a lot of research, we still can’t prove that sleep is necessary to this function. Hopefully we’ll figure it out eventually!
Interviewer: Good luck with that! And what other mysteries are there surrounding sleep
Janice Long: Well, there are many unanswered questions: why do we “see” our dreams Why do some people dream in colour and others don’t The list goes on, and there is a lot of research still to be done... [fade out]
听力时间
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
10
Could you tell us something about...
It's because...
... prove that...
What other reasons could there be for it
Would you tell us more about...
Asking for more information Explaining
Could you tell us something about... What other reasons could there be for it Would you tell us more about... it's because...
... prove that...
习惯表达
Work in groups. Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
11
Now talk about how effectively you and your group have used the words and expressions you have learnt in this section and suggest ways to improve.
Your Show Time!
脱口秀
Work in groups. Talk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
11
Now talk about how effectively you and your group have used the words and expressions you have learnt in this section and suggest ways to improve.
Possible version：
The aliens are a general term used by humans to describe imaginary life from other planets. Nowadays, the human beings have not actually detected whether there are aliens in universe, though quiet a few people said that they witnessed alien visit the earth. In the last 50 years of researches, astronomers have not found any conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial life.
Sample
脱口秀
1. Review the basic usages of the new words and expressions learnt in this period.
2. Review the noun clauses in practice.
Homework