Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas课件（共51张PPT，内镶嵌视频) 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas课件（共51张PPT，内镶嵌视频) 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-22 20:56:12 | ||
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(共51张PPT)
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
玛雅之谜
阅读课件
To get the main information of the text, understand the brilliant achievements of the Maya civilization, and find out the possible reasons that led to the decline and disappearance of the Maya civilization.
By reading the text, perceive the language characteristics of the text, grasp the structure and context of the text, and learn and master the vocabulary and expressions related to the topic.
Reasonably consider and analyze the possible reasons behind the disappearance of Maya civilization, and cultivate the spirit of seeking truth and the consciousness of protecting modern civilization.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
civilisation n. 文明（社会） 66
* intrigue v. （因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 66
bury v. 将……埋在下面 66
* pyramid n. 金字塔 66
astronomy n. 天文学 67
canal n. 运河 68
* tropical adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的 68
* cyclone n. 气旋；旋风 68
* megadrought n. 超级干旱 68
* downfall n. 衰败 68
ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟 68
fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落 68
abandon v. 离弃，逃离 68
dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定 68
expansion n. 扩大；增加 69
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
What do you know about four ancient civilisations
Lead-in
Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important role in ancient civilisations.
Ancient Greece played a significant role in:
Philosophy: Famous philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle originated from Greece.
Theater: It was a pioneer in dramatic arts.
Democracy: Athens is renowned for its democratic institutions.
Ancient Rome played a crucial role in:
Law: Roman Law has significantly influenced modern legal systems.
Engineering: Rome built impressive structures like roads, aqueducts, and the Colosseum.
Governance: The Roman Empire's administrative system was highly developed.
Now look at the pictures, what role did ancient Greece and Rome play in ancient civilization Give an example each.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
2. What might be the reasons behind their collapse
3. What other ancient civilisations do you know of Share what you know with the class.
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
These ancient civilizations, such as the Greece, Babylon, and Egyptians, are known for their advanced architecture, culture, and innovations.
Ancient Greece: It is the birthplace of Western civilization, renowned for its philosophy, theater, architecture, and democratic institutions. Athens is one of the most famous cities, known for landmarks like the Parthenon.
Ancient Babylon: It was the center of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, famous for its grand architecture and legal system, such as the Code of Hammurabi.
Ancient Egypt: Situated along the Nile River, it is known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and hieroglyphics. Its religion and culture have had a profound impact on later civilizations.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
2. What might be the reasons bend their collapse
The collapse of these civilizations might be due to factors like environmental changes, warfare, economic instability, or social upheaval(剧变).
Ancient Greece: Possible reasons include internal political conflicts, external invasions (such as by Alexander the Great of Macedonia), and economic decline.
Ancient Babylon: Possible causes include natural disasters (like floods), political corruption(腐败), and external conquests.
Ancient Egypt: Possible reasons include internal power struggles, external invasions (such as by Persia and Rome), and economic hardships.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
3. What other ancient civilisations do you know of Share what you know with the class.
Other ancient civilizations include：
Ancient Rome: It was a powerful empire in the ancient Mediterranean region, known for its law, architecture, and military might.
Indus Valley Civilization（印度河流域文明）: An ancient civilization in South Asia, renowned for its urban planning and water management systems.
Chinese Civilization: An ancient civilization in East Asia, known for its philosophy, literature, and scientific and technological achievements.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
Let’s enjoy a video and talk about the following question.
What do you know about Maya civilisation
The Maya civilization is famous for having the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its spectacular art, impressive architecture and mathematical and astronomical systems.
Let’s learn more about Maya civilisation and the mysteries behind it！
Predict what this passage might talk about based on the title and picture.
_____________________________________________
The passage may talk about the mysteries of the Maya.
Pre-reading
THE MAYA
What do you know about the mystery of the Maya
Pre-reading
1 Predict what this passage might talk about based on the title and picture.
2 Read and check your prediction.
Read for main idea
The passage is about the mysteries of the Maya, talking about the miraculous discovery of the Mayan civilization, its great prosperity and its sudden decline.
神秘
发现
兴盛
衰败
While-reading
Read the passage and find out the possible reasons for the disappearance of Maya civilisation.
The way that the Maya people changed the landscape around them may have been one of the reasons behind the disappearance of their civilisation. Turning wetlands into fields for growing grains, digging huge canal systems and cutting down more trees for construction reduced their ability to cope with natural disasters. When those natural disasters, such as droughts , struck , the Maya would have faced food shortages, conflicts and, eventually, the downfall of their cities.
Read for main idea
2
While-reading
Read for structure
1 What is the genre
Expository writing.
(to explain/clarify/ expose)
While-reading
2 In what aspects does the writer explain the mysteries of the Maya
Use key words to summarise each paragraph.
An incredible discovery
Human causes
Achievements
Decline
Natural causes
Ending
Read for structure
While-reading
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Para. 1: (1)________________.
Para. 2: The (2) ____________ of Maya
civilisation.
Para. 3: The (3)________ of Maya civilization.
Paras. 4-5: The (4)_______ for the disappearance of Maya civilization.
Para. 4: (5)______
causes
Para. 5: (6)_______
causes
Para. 6: The mysteries of Maya civilisation remain to be (7)_______.
achievements
downfall
reasons
human
natural
solved
3 Complete the structure of the passage.
Introduce the topic
Read for structure
While-reading
A. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since
its rediscovery in the 19th century.
B. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya
to abandon most of their great cities.
C. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya
civilisation are among people.
D. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may
have led to the decline of the Maya.
E. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
F. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people
themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Match the topic sentence with each paragraph.
Read for the topic
While-reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
Read for the topic
3
a Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
d Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
e Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
f Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
1
2
3
4
5
6
While-reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
Read for the topic
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
While-reading
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation.
To amuse the readers.
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
To inform us the location of the Maya city.
2. How did William Gadoury find Maya cities
_________________________________________
Para. 1
A
Read for the task
By studying of ancient star charts and comparison.
Careful reading
3.What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
__________________________________________
Be consistent with.
4. What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A. Incredible. B. Disapproving.
C. Favorable. D. Shocked.
Para. 1
B
Careful reading
5. What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A. He got support from the scholars.
B. He drew many ancient star charts.
C. He found the positions of 117 stars.
D. He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
Para. 1
D
Careful reading
1. What does the word “complicated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Difficult to understand.
B. Not known or identified.
C. Unexpected, surprising or strange.
D. Impossible or very difficult to believe.
Para. 2
Careful reading
Read for the task
A
2. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A. Who built them.
B. Why people built them.
C. When people built them.
D. How people built them without machinery.
Para. 2
D
Careful reading
3. What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Maya at that time
A. The use of metal tools.
B. Their understanding of mathematics.
C. A true writing system.
D. Palaces and temples.
Para. 2
C
Careful reading
Achievements of the Maya Building
impressive (1)______________________________
Mathematics and astronomy
be applied to (2)________________
The Maya calendar
accurate to (3)________________ per year
Writing system containing (4)______________________ with signs representing animals, people and objects and other (5)____________________.
palaces and temples, step pyramids
the Maya calendar
within 30 seconds
more than 800 characters
representing syllables
4. Organize information and fill in the chart.
Para. 2
Careful reading
The rise and fall of Maya civilisation
made its (1)
____________
incredible
By 700 AD
within a couple of generations
left to (4)____________ by the jungle
The remaining Maya people were living in (5)_______________.
technologically primitive
Maya civilisation was (2)____________
began to (3)_________
Europeans arrived
achievements
at its peak
decline
be taken back
small settlements
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 3
Read for the task
Careful reading
1. How does the author start Paragraph 4
A. By listing examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By analysing causes.
Para. 4-5
B
Read for the task
Careful reading
2. What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A. Conflicts between cities.
B. The European settlers.
C. The spread of diseases.
D. The people themselves.
Para. 4-5
D
Careful reading
3. What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A. The growth of the Maya population.
B. Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C. Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D. More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
Para. 4-5
B
Careful reading
natural disasters
turned (2)________ into (3)______
dug (4)________________
Human causes
reduced the ability to deal with (1)______________
Natural causes
a series of (6)__________ between 700 AD and 1000 AD, each (7)__________________
_________________________
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
natural disasters
huge expansion of the (5)_________
population
fields
huge canal systems
wetlands
Possible reasons for collapse of Maya civilisation
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 4-5
Careful reading
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve”？
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
Para. 6
Read for the task
Careful reading
Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage.
5
Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising similarities. They both possessed a detailed understanding of 1 _____________ and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate 2 ___________ , and a complex 3 ____________ that used signs to represent sounds and meanings.
mathematics
calendar
writing system
Post-reading
Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage.
5
It can therefore be difficult to explain why, despite their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use 4 ___________________
_________________, while the ancient Chinese did. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it 5 ___________ while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived.
wheels, metal tools or
even animal power
disappeared
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
The story about William Gadoury shows how the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation have captured people’s imaginations.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
Post-reading
2. What other things do you think could destroy a civilisation Share an example with the class.
Another factor that could destroy a civilization is prolonged warfare and conflict.
For example, the decline of the Roman Empire can be partially attributed to constant military conflicts, which strained its resources, weakened its economy, and contributed to social unrest. Prolonged warfare can lead to a decline in population, economic collapse, and the breakdown of social structures, all of which can contribute to the fall of a civilization.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
3. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation How can this information help the development of today’s society
Human beings should respect nature and not violate the law of its development. On the one hand, we should follow the natural law and believe in the survival of the fittest. On the other hand, we should actively transform the world around us and bravely fight against kinds of disasters as possible as we can.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
4. Which of the arguments in the passage did you find the most convincing Give your reasons.
Droughts. The forces of nature are immense and pitiless.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
What can we do to help protect modern civilisations
We should attach great significance to our modern civilisations. As we all know, it is not so easy for us humans to have the civilisations that we have got today. We should spare no efforts to protect our modern civilisations. In no way should we make profits at the cost of our homeland.
Post-reading
Deep thinking
Civilisations that we humans have created should be treasured. Protecting modern civilisations is protecting ourselves.Therefore, it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action. We should always look into things first and consider our options.
In order to protect modern civilisations, what awareness should we establish
Deep thinking
Can we protect our modern civilization
Deep thinking
1.What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A.Scholars agreed with his theory.
B.He drew many ancient star charts.
C.He found the positions of 117 stars.
D.He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A.Who built them.
B.Why people built them.
C.When people built them.
D.How people built them without machinery.
D
D
Post-reading
Reading comprehension
3.What can we infer about the Maya people
A.They were very talented. B.They were fond of animals.
C.They lived in step pyramids. D.They left many written records.
4.What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some researches
A.Conflicts between cities.
B.The European setters.
C.The spread of diseases.
D.The people themselves.
A
D
Reading comprehension
5 What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A Incredible. B Disapproving. C Favorable. D Shocked.
6 What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Mayans at that time
A The use of metal tools.
B Their understanding of mathematics.
C Palaces and temples.
D A true writing system.
7 When was Maya civilisation at its peak
A Around 700AD. B Around 700BC.
C Around 900AD D In the early 16th century.
B
D
A
Reading comprehension
8 According to the passage, which of the following is not the likely reason for the downfall of Maya civilisation
A A deadly disease. B Droughts.
C Conflicts between cities. D Population growth.
9 What can we learn from the passage
A Scientists have found out the reasons for the downfall of Maya civilisation.
B The locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
C Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
D Mayans applied modern technologies when building palaces.
D
C
Reading comprehension
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century. The Maya built many splendid structures, among 1.______ the step pyramids are 2._____ most famous. What puzzles people is how they built these structures with 3.______(they) own hands. To people’s 4.__________(amaze), they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. They also developed a real 5._______(write) system. It was so complicated that no one has been able to interpret it 6.__________(complete) so far.
the
their
amazement
writing
completely
which
Post-reading
Grammar filling
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Some research seems 7.___________(indicate) that the people themselves were to blame for the downfall, while others also suggest that 8._________ (nature) disasters many have led to the decline of it. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation left many 9.__________(mystery) for people to solve. Meanwhile the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past, present 10._____ future.
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
Grammar filling
写作：
By learning the rise and fall of the Maya civilization, please check the relevant information online, write an article to protect modern civilization, focus on how to protect, the title has been written for you, no more than 150 words.
How to Cultivate Awareness of Protecting Modern Civilization？
Homework
How to Cultivate Awareness of Protecting Modern Civilization？
Protecting modern civilization is crucial for our future. To cultivate this awareness, education plays a key role. Schools should teach students about the importance of cultural heritage, environmental sustainability, and technological ethics. By understanding the value of these aspects, young people can develop a sense of responsibility.
Additionally, media and social platforms can spread positive messages about conservation and innovation. Documentaries, articles, and campaigns can inspire people to take action in their daily lives, such as reducing waste, supporting green energy, and respecting cultural diversity.
Lastly, community involvement is essential. Volunteering for local projects, like cleaning parks or preserving historical sites, helps individuals connect with their surroundings and appreciate the efforts needed to maintain modern civilization.
In conclusion, through education, media influence, and community engagement, we can foster a collective consciousness to protect and advance our modern civilization.
Sample
Unit 5 Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
玛雅之谜
阅读课件
To get the main information of the text, understand the brilliant achievements of the Maya civilization, and find out the possible reasons that led to the decline and disappearance of the Maya civilization.
By reading the text, perceive the language characteristics of the text, grasp the structure and context of the text, and learn and master the vocabulary and expressions related to the topic.
Reasonably consider and analyze the possible reasons behind the disappearance of Maya civilization, and cultivate the spirit of seeking truth and the consciousness of protecting modern civilization.
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
civilisation n. 文明（社会） 66
* intrigue v. （因奇特或神秘而）激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心 66
bury v. 将……埋在下面 66
* pyramid n. 金字塔 66
astronomy n. 天文学 67
canal n. 运河 68
* tropical adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的 68
* cyclone n. 气旋；旋风 68
* megadrought n. 超级干旱 68
* downfall n. 衰败 68
ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟 68
fall into ruin （因无人照料而）衰落，败落 68
abandon v. 离弃，逃离 68
dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定 68
expansion n. 扩大；增加 69
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
What do you know about four ancient civilisations
Lead-in
Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important role in ancient civilisations.
Ancient Greece played a significant role in:
Philosophy: Famous philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle originated from Greece.
Theater: It was a pioneer in dramatic arts.
Democracy: Athens is renowned for its democratic institutions.
Ancient Rome played a crucial role in:
Law: Roman Law has significantly influenced modern legal systems.
Engineering: Rome built impressive structures like roads, aqueducts, and the Colosseum.
Governance: The Roman Empire's administrative system was highly developed.
Now look at the pictures, what role did ancient Greece and Rome play in ancient civilization Give an example each.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
2. What might be the reasons behind their collapse
3. What other ancient civilisations do you know of Share what you know with the class.
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
These ancient civilizations, such as the Greece, Babylon, and Egyptians, are known for their advanced architecture, culture, and innovations.
Ancient Greece: It is the birthplace of Western civilization, renowned for its philosophy, theater, architecture, and democratic institutions. Athens is one of the most famous cities, known for landmarks like the Parthenon.
Ancient Babylon: It was the center of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization, famous for its grand architecture and legal system, such as the Code of Hammurabi.
Ancient Egypt: Situated along the Nile River, it is known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and hieroglyphics. Its religion and culture have had a profound impact on later civilizations.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
2. What might be the reasons bend their collapse
The collapse of these civilizations might be due to factors like environmental changes, warfare, economic instability, or social upheaval(剧变).
Ancient Greece: Possible reasons include internal political conflicts, external invasions (such as by Alexander the Great of Macedonia), and economic decline.
Ancient Babylon: Possible causes include natural disasters (like floods), political corruption(腐败), and external conquests.
Ancient Egypt: Possible reasons include internal power struggles, external invasions (such as by Persia and Rome), and economic hardships.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
3. What other ancient civilisations do you know of Share what you know with the class.
Other ancient civilizations include：
Ancient Rome: It was a powerful empire in the ancient Mediterranean region, known for its law, architecture, and military might.
Indus Valley Civilization（印度河流域文明）: An ancient civilization in South Asia, renowned for its urban planning and water management systems.
Chinese Civilization: An ancient civilization in East Asia, known for its philosophy, literature, and scientific and technological achievements.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Do further research if necessary.
1
Let’s enjoy a video and talk about the following question.
What do you know about Maya civilisation
The Maya civilization is famous for having the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its spectacular art, impressive architecture and mathematical and astronomical systems.
Let’s learn more about Maya civilisation and the mysteries behind it！
Predict what this passage might talk about based on the title and picture.
_____________________________________________
The passage may talk about the mysteries of the Maya.
Pre-reading
THE MAYA
What do you know about the mystery of the Maya
Pre-reading
1 Predict what this passage might talk about based on the title and picture.
2 Read and check your prediction.
Read for main idea
The passage is about the mysteries of the Maya, talking about the miraculous discovery of the Mayan civilization, its great prosperity and its sudden decline.
神秘
发现
兴盛
衰败
While-reading
Read the passage and find out the possible reasons for the disappearance of Maya civilisation.
The way that the Maya people changed the landscape around them may have been one of the reasons behind the disappearance of their civilisation. Turning wetlands into fields for growing grains, digging huge canal systems and cutting down more trees for construction reduced their ability to cope with natural disasters. When those natural disasters, such as droughts , struck , the Maya would have faced food shortages, conflicts and, eventually, the downfall of their cities.
Read for main idea
2
While-reading
Read for structure
1 What is the genre
Expository writing.
(to explain/clarify/ expose)
While-reading
2 In what aspects does the writer explain the mysteries of the Maya
Use key words to summarise each paragraph.
An incredible discovery
Human causes
Achievements
Decline
Natural causes
Ending
Read for structure
While-reading
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Para. 1: (1)________________.
Para. 2: The (2) ____________ of Maya
civilisation.
Para. 3: The (3)________ of Maya civilization.
Paras. 4-5: The (4)_______ for the disappearance of Maya civilization.
Para. 4: (5)______
causes
Para. 5: (6)_______
causes
Para. 6: The mysteries of Maya civilisation remain to be (7)_______.
achievements
downfall
reasons
human
natural
solved
3 Complete the structure of the passage.
Introduce the topic
Read for structure
While-reading
A. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since
its rediscovery in the 19th century.
B. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya
to abandon most of their great cities.
C. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya
civilisation are among people.
D. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may
have led to the decline of the Maya.
E. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
F. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people
themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Match the topic sentence with each paragraph.
Read for the topic
While-reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
Read for the topic
3
a Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
b But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
c Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
d Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
e Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
f Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
1
2
3
4
5
6
While-reading
Choose the topic sentences and write them on the lines to complete the passage.
Read for the topic
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century.
But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities.
Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya.
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
While-reading
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation.
To amuse the readers.
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
To inform us the location of the Maya city.
2. How did William Gadoury find Maya cities
_________________________________________
Para. 1
A
Read for the task
By studying of ancient star charts and comparison.
Careful reading
3.What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
__________________________________________
Be consistent with.
4. What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A. Incredible. B. Disapproving.
C. Favorable. D. Shocked.
Para. 1
B
Careful reading
5. What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A. He got support from the scholars.
B. He drew many ancient star charts.
C. He found the positions of 117 stars.
D. He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
Para. 1
D
Careful reading
1. What does the word “complicated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Difficult to understand.
B. Not known or identified.
C. Unexpected, surprising or strange.
D. Impossible or very difficult to believe.
Para. 2
Careful reading
Read for the task
A
2. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A. Who built them.
B. Why people built them.
C. When people built them.
D. How people built them without machinery.
Para. 2
D
Careful reading
3. What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Maya at that time
A. The use of metal tools.
B. Their understanding of mathematics.
C. A true writing system.
D. Palaces and temples.
Para. 2
C
Careful reading
Achievements of the Maya Building
impressive (1)______________________________
Mathematics and astronomy
be applied to (2)________________
The Maya calendar
accurate to (3)________________ per year
Writing system containing (4)______________________ with signs representing animals, people and objects and other (5)____________________.
palaces and temples, step pyramids
the Maya calendar
within 30 seconds
more than 800 characters
representing syllables
4. Organize information and fill in the chart.
Para. 2
Careful reading
The rise and fall of Maya civilisation
made its (1)
____________
incredible
By 700 AD
within a couple of generations
left to (4)____________ by the jungle
The remaining Maya people were living in (5)_______________.
technologically primitive
Maya civilisation was (2)____________
began to (3)_________
Europeans arrived
achievements
at its peak
decline
be taken back
small settlements
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 3
Read for the task
Careful reading
1. How does the author start Paragraph 4
A. By listing examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By analysing causes.
Para. 4-5
B
Read for the task
Careful reading
2. What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A. Conflicts between cities.
B. The European settlers.
C. The spread of diseases.
D. The people themselves.
Para. 4-5
D
Careful reading
3. What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A. The growth of the Maya population.
B. Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C. Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D. More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
Para. 4-5
B
Careful reading
natural disasters
turned (2)________ into (3)______
dug (4)________________
Human causes
reduced the ability to deal with (1)______________
Natural causes
a series of (6)__________ between 700 AD and 1000 AD, each (7)__________________
_________________________
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
natural disasters
huge expansion of the (5)_________
population
fields
huge canal systems
wetlands
Possible reasons for collapse of Maya civilisation
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 4-5
Careful reading
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve”？
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
Para. 6
Read for the task
Careful reading
Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage.
5
Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising similarities. They both possessed a detailed understanding of 1 _____________ and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate 2 ___________ , and a complex 3 ____________ that used signs to represent sounds and meanings.
mathematics
calendar
writing system
Post-reading
Complete the cultural comparison with information from the passage.
5
It can therefore be difficult to explain why, despite their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use 4 ___________________
_________________, while the ancient Chinese did. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it 5 ___________ while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived.
wheels, metal tools or
even animal power
disappeared
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
The story about William Gadoury shows how the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation have captured people’s imaginations.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
Post-reading
2. What other things do you think could destroy a civilisation Share an example with the class.
Another factor that could destroy a civilization is prolonged warfare and conflict.
For example, the decline of the Roman Empire can be partially attributed to constant military conflicts, which strained its resources, weakened its economy, and contributed to social unrest. Prolonged warfare can lead to a decline in population, economic collapse, and the breakdown of social structures, all of which can contribute to the fall of a civilization.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
3. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation How can this information help the development of today’s society
Human beings should respect nature and not violate the law of its development. On the one hand, we should follow the natural law and believe in the survival of the fittest. On the other hand, we should actively transform the world around us and bravely fight against kinds of disasters as possible as we can.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
4. Which of the arguments in the passage did you find the most convincing Give your reasons.
Droughts. The forces of nature are immense and pitiless.
Think & Share
Critical thinking
What can we do to help protect modern civilisations
We should attach great significance to our modern civilisations. As we all know, it is not so easy for us humans to have the civilisations that we have got today. We should spare no efforts to protect our modern civilisations. In no way should we make profits at the cost of our homeland.
Post-reading
Deep thinking
Civilisations that we humans have created should be treasured. Protecting modern civilisations is protecting ourselves.Therefore, it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action. We should always look into things first and consider our options.
In order to protect modern civilisations, what awareness should we establish
Deep thinking
Can we protect our modern civilization
Deep thinking
1.What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A.Scholars agreed with his theory.
B.He drew many ancient star charts.
C.He found the positions of 117 stars.
D.He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
2.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A.Who built them.
B.Why people built them.
C.When people built them.
D.How people built them without machinery.
D
D
Post-reading
Reading comprehension
3.What can we infer about the Maya people
A.They were very talented. B.They were fond of animals.
C.They lived in step pyramids. D.They left many written records.
4.What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some researches
A.Conflicts between cities.
B.The European setters.
C.The spread of diseases.
D.The people themselves.
A
D
Reading comprehension
5 What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A Incredible. B Disapproving. C Favorable. D Shocked.
6 What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Mayans at that time
A The use of metal tools.
B Their understanding of mathematics.
C Palaces and temples.
D A true writing system.
7 When was Maya civilisation at its peak
A Around 700AD. B Around 700BC.
C Around 900AD D In the early 16th century.
B
D
A
Reading comprehension
8 According to the passage, which of the following is not the likely reason for the downfall of Maya civilisation
A A deadly disease. B Droughts.
C Conflicts between cities. D Population growth.
9 What can we learn from the passage
A Scientists have found out the reasons for the downfall of Maya civilisation.
B The locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.
C Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
D Mayans applied modern technologies when building palaces.
D
C
Reading comprehension
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century. The Maya built many splendid structures, among 1.______ the step pyramids are 2._____ most famous. What puzzles people is how they built these structures with 3.______(they) own hands. To people’s 4.__________(amaze), they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. They also developed a real 5._______(write) system. It was so complicated that no one has been able to interpret it 6.__________(complete) so far.
the
their
amazement
writing
completely
which
Post-reading
Grammar filling
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Some research seems 7.___________(indicate) that the people themselves were to blame for the downfall, while others also suggest that 8._________ (nature) disasters many have led to the decline of it. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation left many 9.__________(mystery) for people to solve. Meanwhile the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past, present 10._____ future.
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
Grammar filling
写作：
By learning the rise and fall of the Maya civilization, please check the relevant information online, write an article to protect modern civilization, focus on how to protect, the title has been written for you, no more than 150 words.
How to Cultivate Awareness of Protecting Modern Civilization？
Homework
How to Cultivate Awareness of Protecting Modern Civilization？
Protecting modern civilization is crucial for our future. To cultivate this awareness, education plays a key role. Schools should teach students about the importance of cultural heritage, environmental sustainability, and technological ethics. By understanding the value of these aspects, young people can develop a sense of responsibility.
Additionally, media and social platforms can spread positive messages about conservation and innovation. Documentaries, articles, and campaigns can inspire people to take action in their daily lives, such as reducing waste, supporting green energy, and respecting cultural diversity.
Lastly, community involvement is essential. Volunteering for local projects, like cleaning parks or preserving historical sites, helps individuals connect with their surroundings and appreciate the efforts needed to maintain modern civilization.
In conclusion, through education, media influence, and community engagement, we can foster a collective consciousness to protect and advance our modern civilization.
Sample