Unit 2 Lessons in life Developing ideas Writing 课件（共39张，内嵌音频） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4

(共39张PPT)
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Developing ideas
Writing a summary
After this period, students are expected to:
Discover how to write a play summary by analyzing the given text.
Write a new summary of another play based on the tips and strategies in this lesson.
Review and compare the differences of the steps and strategies of the summary in NCEE(National College Entrance Examination).
Learning objectives
Words and expressions
* outstretched adj. 张开的，伸开的 26
* cram v. 挤满 27
pure adj. 纯净的，洁净的 27
* transparent adj. 透明的 27
* vexed adj. 恼火的 27
* absurd adj. 荒唐的，愚蠢的 27
* lean v.倚，靠 27
Madame n. 夫人，太太，女士 27
* stroke v. 轻抚，抚摸 28
* instinctively adv. 本能地 28
* despair n. 绝望 28
luxury n. 奢华，奢侈 30
重点短语
1. _________________　　　　　寻找
2．_________________ 突然发生；突然……起来
3．_________________ 塞满；充满
4．_________________ 向……告别
5. _________________　　　　　 免费
6．_________________ 对……满意
7．_________________ 动身；出发
8．_________________ 寻找
search for
burst out
be crammed with
say goodbye to
for nothing
be pleased with
set off
in search of
Writing a summary
Read the summary of The Blue Bird and answer the questions.
4
The Summary of The Blue Bird
The Blue Bird is a six-act fairy play written by Maurice Maeterlinck. It’s a story about Tyltyl and Mytyl’s adventures as they search for the Blue Bird of Happiness. As the children of a poor woodcutter, they are secretly observing a party at the home of their wealthy landlords when a fairy appears. She uses a magic diamond to bring animals (their dog and cat), objects (sugar and bread) and elements (light, fire, water) in their home to life. Together, they set off on a dangerous journey in search of the Blue Bird.
《青鸟》是一部由莫里斯·梅特林克创作的六幕童话剧。 这是一个关于狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔寻找幸福青鸟的冒险故事。 作为一个贫穷的樵夫的孩子，他们正在暗中观察他们富有的地主家里的聚会，这时一个仙女出现了。 她用一颗神奇的钻石给家里的动物(他们的狗和猫)、物品(糖和面包)和元素(光、火、水)带来生命。 他们一起踏上了寻找青鸟的危险旅程。
The Summary of The Blue Bird
Tyltyl and Mytyl go to many magical places and encounter numerous characters such as their departed grandparents, trees that hate mankind, the greedy and ugly luxuries, and children waiting to be born. Although they try very hard to find the Blue Bird, the birds they find either change color or die. The children return home at last, and Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there all the time! He gives the bird to the neighbor's little girl, curing her illness. But in the end, the bird flies away, and Tyltyl asks the audience to search for it.
Detailed information and other characters in the story
The climax of the story
The falling action or the end of the story
The Summary of The Blue Bird
狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔去了许多神奇的地方，遇到了无数的人物，比如他们已经去世的祖父母、憎恨人类的树、贪婪丑陋的奢侈品、等待出生的孩子。 尽管他们非常努力地寻找青鸟，但他们找到的鸟要么变了颜色，要么就死了。 孩子们终于回家了，狄蒂尔发现青鸟一直都在那里! 他把这只鸟给了邻居的小女孩，治好了她的病。 但最后，小鸟飞走了，狄蒂尔让观众去寻找它。
The central idea of the play is that happiness is to be found not in luxuries such as wealth, but in simple things that are found in family life, and in acts of friendship and kindness.
This is the conclusion that the author wants to convey: Happiness consist in the very tiny things such as the small act of kindness.
这是作者想要传达的结论:幸福存在于非常微小的事情，如小的善举。
Language: Concise and objective instead of being subjective
语言：简洁、客观而非主观
这出戏的中心思想是，幸福不在于财富这样的奢侈品，而在于家庭生活中的简单事物，以及在友谊和善良的行为中。
The Summary of The Blue Bird
Learning to learn
When writing a summary of a long story, your purpose is to convey the basic ideas of the original: what is it about and what does the author want to communicate First, identify the title and author of the piece. Then use your own words to describe relevant details (that lead to the climax(/ kla m ks/ ) of the story). State the central idea of the story but don’t give your own opinion of it. A good summary needs to be concise, precise and to the point.
学习窍门
to the point中肯，扼要；切题
The letter was short and to the point. 这封信简短扼要。《牛津词典》
What you write should keep to the point. 你写的东西应该切题。《新英汉大辞典》
Let's come back to the point at issue. 咱们还是回到问题的焦点吧。《牛津词典》
当你写一篇长篇故事的概要时，你的目的是传达原文的基本思想:它是关于什么，作者想要传达什么 首先，确定文章的标题和作者。 然后用你自己的话来描述相关的细节，从而达到故事的高潮。 陈述故事的中心思想，但不要给出你自己的观点。 一个优秀的概要需要简洁、准确和切中要点。
The analysis of the summary of The Blue Bird
Read the summary of the Blue Bird and generalize what factors should be taken into consideration when writing a summary. You can analyze the summary from the perspective of story line, content, language ,etc.
阅读青鸟的概要，总结写概要时应该考虑哪些因素。 你可以从故事情节、内容、语言等方面分析总结。
《青鸟》概要分析
Writing a summary
1
title and author
2
Main characters
3
Plot
4
Conclusion
Learning to learn
When writing a summary of a long story, your purpose is to convey the basic ideas of the original: what is it about and what does the author want to communicate First, identify the title and author of the piece. Then use your own words to describe relevant details that lead to the climax of the story. State the central idea of the story but don’t give your own opinion of it. A good summary needs to be concise, precise and to the point.
The Blue Bird
Author Belgian( / beld n/ adj. 比利时的 ) playwright Maurice Maeterlinck(莫里斯·梅特林克)
Main characters
TylTyl, Mytyl and the Blue Bird
Plot TylTyl and Mytyl are sent to search for the Blue Bird of Happiness. The children’s adventure takes them through magical places before finally finding the Blue Bird.
Influence It has been widely translated and adapted across the world. In 1921, it was performed in Shanghai as the first foreign play staged in China.
The line of story development
Exposition(阐述): As the beginning of the story, it mainly explains the background of the story (time, place, main characters, contradictions<矛盾> and conflicts<冲突>, etc.)
Rising action(上升阶段): The changing and developing process of story contradictions and conflicts
Climax(高潮):The turning point of contradiction and conflict in the story, the most tense(紧张的) part of the story
Falling action(下降阶段): The ending of the story development and the final settlement of contradictions and conflicts
Resolution(结局): The influence of the end of the story, and the author's summary, thinking.
高潮
上升阶段
阐述
下降阶段
结局
Make a Conclusion
When writing a summary of a long story, we should pay attention to the following tips.
First identify the title and author of the piece.
Then use your own words to describe relevant details that lead to the climax of the story.
State the central idea of the story but don’t give your own opinion
of it.
A good summary needs to be concise, precise to the point with the simple present tense.
A glossary of common English words for play
剧本常用英语词汇表
tragedy 悲剧
one-act play 独幕剧
opera 歌剧
farce 滑稽戏, 趣剧
(stage) play 话剧
Beijing opera 京剧
(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场(剧)
climax 高潮
libretto 歌剧脚本
intermezzo 间奏曲
pantomime 哑剧
playwright 编剧, 剧作家
dress rehearsal 彩排
comedy 喜剧
operetta 小歌剧
1 Which paragraph introduces the main characters, setting and start of the play
2 What is the climax of the play
3 What is the theme of the play
The play’s climax of the play happens when Tyltyl discovers the Blue Bird has been there right in his home all the time.
The theme of the play is that happiness is not found in material objects, but in simple things, such as family life, and acts of friendship and kindness.
The first paragraph.
Read the summary of The Blue Bird and answer the questions.
4
Title and author of the play:
Main character(s):
Start of the play:
Climax:
Conclusion:
Choose another play you have read and write a summary of it. Organise your ideas by completing the table.
5
The Merchant of Venice written by Shakespeare.
Bassanio, Portia(Bassanio's wife), Antonio(Bassanio's friend, a merchant of Venice), Shylock(a Jewish moneylender)
In order to travel from Venice to see Portia, Bassanio asked his friend to borrow money.
The ships in which Antonio has invested have been lost at sea. This means that Antonio cannot repay the loan and Shylock can take his pound of flesh.
Antonio’s ships have in fact returned safely.The cruel Shylock failed in his plot to frame Antonio.
Work in pairs. Make improvements to each other’s summaries and share them with the class.
Now think about how well you used concise and precise language to summarise the play and what you could do to improve.
6
Show Your works
The Merchant of Venice is one of Shakespeare’s best plays. A young man called Bassanio is in love with Portia, who comes from a wealthy family and lives in the city of Belmont. Bassanio asks Antonio for a loan so that he can travel from Venice to see Portia. As Antonio has invested all his money in trading ships, he instead suggests that Bassanio takes a loan from one of the moneylenders in Venice and he, Antonio, will guarantee this loan.
The Merchant of Venice
《威尼斯商人》
《威尼斯商人》是莎士比亚最好的戏剧之一。 一个名叫巴萨尼奥的年轻人爱上了波西亚，波西亚来自一个富裕的家庭，住在贝尔蒙特市。 巴萨尼奥向安东尼奥借钱，这样他就可以从威尼斯去看波西亚了。安东尼奥把他所有的钱都投资在了商船上，他建议巴萨尼奥从威尼斯的一个放债人那里贷款，而他，安东尼奥，将担保这笔贷款。
Sample
In Venice, the two friends approach a Shylock, Jewish moneylender. Shylock has long had bitter feelings towards Antonio, but nonetheless offers to lend Bassanio three thousand ducats with no interest. However, if the loan is not repaid, Shylock will receive a pound in weight of Antonio’s own flesh.
在威尼斯，这两个朋友找到了一个名叫夏洛克的犹太放债人。夏洛克对安东尼奥一直怀恨在心，但他还是提出无息借给巴萨尼奥三千块钱。 然而，如果贷款没有偿还，夏洛克将得到一磅重的安东尼奥自己的肉。
Sample
Sample
Bassanio travels to Belmont, where he wins the love Portia and the couple get married. Shortly afterwards, news is received that the ships in which Antonio has invested, have been lost at sea. This means that Antonio cannot repay the loan and Shylock can take his pound of flesh. Antonio and Portia travel to Venice to plead with Shylock to save Antonio’s life, and a trial takes place to decide the matter. Portia attends the trial disguised as a man, and manages to persuade Shylock to accept money from Bassanio instead of flesh from Antonio. Bassanio and Portia return to Belmont, where they hear the good news that Antonio’s ships have in fact returned safely.
巴萨尼奥来到贝尔蒙特，在那里他赢得了鲍西娅的爱，并与她结婚。 不久之后，消息传来，安东尼奥投资的船只在海上失踪了。 这意味着安东尼奥无法偿还贷款，夏洛克可以拿走他的那磅肉。 安东尼奥和波西亚来到威尼斯，恳求夏洛克救安东尼奥一命，审判开始了。 波西亚化装成男人参加审判，并设法说服夏洛克接受巴萨尼奥的钱而不是安东尼奥的肉。 巴萨尼奥和波西亚回到贝尔蒙特，在那里他们听到好消息，安东尼奥的船实际上已经安全返回。
Sample
The drama, in my opinion, focuses on several main themes, such as the strong friendship between Bassanio and Antonio, the strength of character of women in overcoming the restraints set by society of that time, and so on.
在我看来，这部戏剧主要围绕着几个主题，如巴萨尼奥和安东尼奥之间的深厚友谊，女性克服当时社会束缚的力量，等等。
How to write a summary
Choose another play you have read and write a summary of it. Organize your ideas by the tips that we analyzed.
Take Robinson Crusoe as an example:
1.title and author
2.the storyline
3.the central idea
4.concise language
概要写作讲练
Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
笛福是英国18世纪启蒙文学的重要作家，他的代表作《鲁滨孙漂流记》写于1719年，是一部流传很广、影响很大的文学名著，一问世即风靡全球而又历久不衰，在世界各地拥有一代又一代的读者。小说从初版至今，已出了几百版，几乎译成了世界上所有的各种文字。
小说主人公鲁滨孙出身于一个商人之家，他父亲常用知足常乐的思想教育他，但他决心舍弃安逸舒适的平庸生活，到海外的新世界去见识一番。后来，他瞒着父亲出海，第一次就遇到大风浪，船只沉没，他好不容易才捡回一条性命；第二次出海到非洲经商，赚了一笔钱；第三次出海，又被海盗掳去，逃出后来到巴西，在那里买了一个庄园，成了庄园主。但他仍不死心，再次出航，结果船只在中途遇到风暴而触礁，船上所有人全部遇难，只有他一个人幸免，只身漂流到了一个荒无人烟的小岛上。
概要写作讲练
Organize your summary of Robinson Crusoe
Title and author of the play
Main character(s)
Start of the play
climax
Conclusion or the theme
Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe
Robinson Crusoe, savages, a young native called Friday, captain of a ship
Robinson Crusoe went sailing and his ship went under the sea.
Crusoe helped the captain and returned to England.
Look for what’s good for you even in desperate situations and always be optimistic and enthusiastic about life.
概要写作讲练
A summary of Robinson Crusoe
Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by the English author Daniel Defoe, which is a widely influential literary masterpiece. It has been popular all over the world and has been read by generations all over the world.
It gives an account of Robinson Crusoe, an Englishman whose boat goes under the sea. He finds himself on a lonely island but he isn’t panicked but sets out to build a hut as a shelter, as well as growing his own food. On the beach, he once finds strange frighting footprints and savages eating people, while makes him very terrified. He once rescues a young native; he calls him Friday and they becomes close friends. Four years later, an English ship appears, and the captain gets Crusoe’s help. As a reward, the captain takes Crusoe and Friday back to English.
The title
The nature and the author
Its influence
The start of the novel
Rising action
The climax
The end of the story
概要写作讲练
A summary of Robinson Crusoe
《鲁滨逊漂流记》的摘要
《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国作家丹尼尔·笛福的一部小说，是一部影响广泛的文学杰作。 它在世界各地都很受欢迎，被世界各地的几代人阅读。
它讲述了英国人鲁滨逊·克鲁索的故事，他的船在海底航行。 他发现自己在一个孤岛上，但他并不恐慌，而是开始建造一个小屋作为避难所，以及自己种植食物。 在海滩上，他曾经发现奇怪的可怕的脚印和野蛮人吃人，而使他非常害怕。 他曾经救过一个年轻的当地人；他叫他星期五，他们成了亲密的朋友。 四年后，一艘英国船出现了，船长得到了克鲁索的帮助。 作为奖励，船长把克鲁索和星期五带回了英国。
概要写作讲练
The central idea of the play is that look for what's good for you even in desperate situations and always be optimistic and enthusiastic about life.
Present the central idea in the end.
这部剧的核心思想是，即使在绝望的情况下，也要寻找对自己有利的东西，对生活始终保持乐观和热情。
概要写作讲练
A summary of Robinson Crusoe
Summary writing is a controlled form of composition. It is a form of language output that condenses and reprocesses the basic content of the original article. It provides a short passage of less than 350 words and requires students to write a summary of about 60 words based on the passage. The original text is mainly expository, argumentative or narrative, as well as other styles.
聚焦高考：
概要写作是一种受控制的写作形式。 它是一种语言输出形式，对原文的基本内容进行浓缩和再加工。 它是一篇不超过350字的短文，要求学生根据短文写一篇大约60字的总结。 原文以说明文、议论文或叙事性文体为主，也有其他文体。
概要写作讲练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are many good reasons for adding recycling to your routine，ranging from a personal level to a global advantage. Recycling your waste makes you more responsible in the way you use and dispose of it. As a result，people end up saving a considerable amount of money while also saving the planet. Individuals，governing bodies and companies can take pride in minimizing their waste as they are helping to reduce global environmental damage and making this earth a better place.
Apart from the environmental benefits，think of the employment that it can generate. You put your waste in different bins. The manpower involved in the logistics and processing of your waste is considerable and thus you are helping to keep people in jobs. What could be more helpful in tough economic times as now than keeping people employed
写 作 训 练
概要写作讲练
That is not all of the advantages of recycling. Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods. Your city has many charity shops that will take your unwanted clothes，electronics，furniture and other household items to resell as income for these non-profit organizations and these donations are also tax deductible for you. Some other not-for-profit charities will deliver such clothing and other items to underdeveloped communities around the globe. So，think of the people in need in your local community and in other nations before you throw away all those unused or uneaten stuff into the trash can next time.
When we talk about recycling household and workplace things，we tend to ignore or are less aware of how to deal with the electrical and electronic waste. E-waste is valuable as a source of secondary raw material but poisonous if disposed of improperly. Due to rapid technology development，obsolescent items have created a fast growing mass of electronic waste around the globe.
写 作 训 练
概要写作讲练
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
有很多很好的理由在你的日常生活中增加回收利用，从个人层面到全球优势。 回收利用你的废物使你在使用和处理它的方式更负责任。 因此，人们最终节省了相当多的钱，同时也拯救了地球。 个人、管理机构和公司可以为减少浪费感到自豪，因为他们正在帮助减少全球环境破坏，使这个地球变得更美好。
除了环境方面的好处，想想它能创造的就业机会。 你把垃圾放在不同的箱子里。 在物流和废物处理过程中涉及的人力是相当可观的，因此，你是在帮助人们保住工作。 在现在这样的经济困难时期，还有什么比让人们有工作更有帮助呢
写 作 训 练
概要写作讲练
这并不是回收利用的全部好处。 许多慈善机构和社区组织通过重新使用和回收商品来筹集资金。 你的城市有许多慈善商店，它们会把你不需要的衣服、电子产品、家具和其他家庭用品转卖给这些非营利组织，这些捐赠也可以为你减税。 其他一些非营利慈善机构将把这些衣服和其他物品送到全球各地欠发达的社区。 所以，在你下次把那些没用过或没吃的东西扔进垃圾桶之前，想想在你的当地社区和其他国家需要帮助的人。
当我们谈论回收家庭和工作场所的东西时，我们往往忽略或不太了解如何处理电气和电子垃圾。 电子垃圾是有价值的次级原材料来源，但如果处理不当，就会有毒。 由于技术的快速发展，过时的物品在全球范围内制造了大量快速增长的电子垃圾。
写 作 训 练
概要写作讲练
遣词造句
核心词汇
1.对……有益
2.就……而言；在……方面
3.创造就业机会
4.此外；而且
5.多加注意
______________
__________
___________________
__________
___________________
be beneficial to
in terms of
generate employment
in addition
pay more attention to
概要写作讲练
要点句(1)①There are many good reasons for adding recycling to your routine，ranging from a personal level to a global advantage.
②Individuals，governing bodies and companies can take pride in minimizing their waste as they are helping to reduce global environmental damage and making this earth a better place.
要点句(2)Apart from the environmental benefits，think of the employment that it can generate.
要点句(3)Many charities and community groups raise money through reusing and recycling goods.
要点句(4)E-waste is valuable as a source of secondary raw material but poisonous if disposed of improperly.
找主题句
概要写作讲练
句式升级:
请运用同义句转述或句子重构来替换以上要点句：
要点1：____________________________________________________________
.
要点2：____________________________________________________________
.
要点3： ________ .
要点4： .
Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of not only every
individual but also the overall planet
It can also help create jobs and keep people employed，generating
employment
Charities and community groups can help those in need through
people’s recycling of goods
We should also pay more attention to the problem of e-waste
概要写作讲练
参考范文
Recycling is beneficial to the environment in terms of not only every individual but also the overall planet.(要点1) It can also help create jobs and keep people employed，generating employment.(要点2)In addition，charities and community groups can help those in need through people’s recycling of goods.(要点3)We should also pay more attention to the problem of e-waste.(要点4)
回收利用不仅有利于环境的每一个人, 还有利于整个星球。(要点1)它也可以帮助创造就业和保持员工,创造就业机会。(要点2)此外, 慈善机构和社区团体可以通过人们的帮助那些需要回收的商品。(要点3)我们也应该更加重视电子垃圾的问题。(要点4)
概要写作讲练
1. Review new words , phrases and useful expressions learned in this period.
2. Think back about how to write a summary of a play.
3. Polish your writing-- a summary of a play.
Homework