Unit 3 The world meets China Understanding ideas 语言点 课件（共47张） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4
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| 名称 | Unit 3 The world meets China Understanding ideas 语言点 课件（共47张） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4 |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-23 16:27:37 | ||
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(共47张PPT)
Unit 3 Understanding ideas
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
欢迎来到敦煌！
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
Words and expressions
* gateway n. 通向……的门户 34
* oasis n. （沙漠中的）绿洲 34
* glorious adj. （辉煌的的 34
* boast v. （地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物） 34
* grotto n. 小洞穴 34
* testimony n. 证据；证明 35
statue n. 雕像；塑像 35
* mural n. 壁画 35
* religious adj. 宗教的 35
* Apsaras n. 飞天 35
* immortal n. 神 35
* heavenly adj. 天国的 35
peak n. 高峰，顶点 35
Taoist priest 道士 35
* scroll n. 纸卷，卷轴 35
* ceramics n. 陶瓷制品 36
* crossroads n. 活动中心，汇集地 36
* expo n. 展览会，博览会 36
strengthen v. 加强 36
coverage n. 覆盖范围 37
scholar n. 学者 39
department n. （大学的）系，部 40
institute n. 学院；研究院 40
重点词汇
1.gateway n.
2.oasis n.
3.grotto n.
4.testimony n.
5.mural n.
6.Apsaras n.
7.immortal n.
8.scroll n.
9.ceramics n.
10.heavenly adj.
11.expo n.
通向……的门户
(沙漠中的)绿洲
小洞穴
证据;证明
壁画
飞天
神
纸卷;卷轴
陶瓷制品
天国的
展览会;博览会
12. adj.辉煌的
13. v. (地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
14. n.雕像;塑像
15. adj.宗教的
16. n.高峰;顶点
17. n.活动中心;汇集地
18. vt.加强
19. n.覆盖范围
glorious
boast
statue
religious
peak
crossroads
strengthen
coverage
重点词汇
重点短语
1.ahead of
2.be known as
3.get a better view
4.cover an area of
5.in detail
6. ……的见证
7. 追溯到
8. 封闭;密封
9. 从……逐渐消失
10. 使……恢复生机
在……前面
作为……而著名
看得更清楚
占……面积
详细地
be testimony to
date from
seal up
fade from
bring...to life
课文语法结构分析
1 Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
Para. 1
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将是怎样的。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
where引导的定语从句，修饰a place,在从句中作地点状语。
how引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。
when引导时间状语从句
此句为主系表结构，表语the gateway，a place和a green island是三个并列名词短语。第一、三个后接介词短语作定语，第二个接的是定语从句。
2 Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.
Para. 2
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰destination。
of which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中which作介词of的宾语。
过去分词短语作状语。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
2 If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.
Para. 2
你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45,000平方米，非常惊人。
If引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果”。
that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
how引导宾语从句，在介词to之后作宾语。
so that引导目的状语从句，从句中常含情态动词can/could/might等。
be testimony to... 见证……；是……的见证
get a better view 看得更清楚
cover an area of 占地……； 占……面积
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
3 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
Para. 3
敦煌壁画的主体多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帗巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
be unique to... 为……所独有
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
that引导定语从句，修饰one type of mural, 在从句中作主语。
现在分词短语作伴随状语
with+ 宾语+宾补（flying）是独立主格结构作状语。
as if引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛，好像”。
3 And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
Para. 3
再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
更详细地
充满生机，栩栩如生
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
where引导地点状语从句。
现在分词短语作方式状语
4 Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.
Para. 4
1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
本句是完全倒装句。是“介词短语+谓语+主语”结构。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
when引导非限制性定语从句，对in 1900进行补充说明。
过去分词短语作非限制性定语,修饰前面cave作定语。
离……很远/不近
现在分词短语作时间状语
when引导时间状语从句。
give sb. a picture of 向某人展现了……
4 Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
Para. 4
多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
that引导宾语从句，在know之后作宾语。
that引导宾语从句，作主句know之后宾语。
that引导结果状语从句，与前面so构成so...that...句式，表结果。
to name just a few 仅举几例
how many引导宾语从句，在reveal之后作宾语。
why引导的定语从句，修饰the reason，在从句中作原因状语。
as far away as 远至; 远到。
5 In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
6 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
7 Now let’s move on to the next cave...
Para. 5--7
明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
as引导比较状语从句，与前面as构成as + adj. +as（conj.) 比较结构。
从记忆中消失
even though=even if引导让步状语从句，“即使”。
since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”。
Given that引导原因状语从句，given that连词，“鉴于……,考虑到……”。
move on to 移步到……；进入……
bring... to life 使……苏醒/活跃起来/焕发生机
课文翻译串讲
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 欢迎来到敦煌！
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将是怎样的。
1
to and from 往返；来来回回
Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
价格中包括往返机场的交通费。《牛津词典》
More important, he'd be able to drive his daughter to and from school.
更重要的是，他还可以开车接送女儿上下学。
We offer free transportation to and from the airport.
我们提供免费的机场送迎服务。
Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance [as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange]. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination (boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status)现在分词短语作定语( / ste t s/n. （尤指在社会中的）地位，身份). Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, (of which there are more than 700)定语从句. [Known as the Mogao Grottoes]过去分词短语作状语, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock [over a period of 1,000 years]. 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
2
carve ... out of 从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
Joe remained immobile, as if he had been carved out of stone.
乔一动不动，仿佛一座石头雕像一样。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone. 这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。《牛津词典》
This canoe was carved out of a tree trunk. 这只独木舟是用树干刻出来的。
[If you look up]条件状语从句, you can see the paintings and other artworks (that are testimony(/ test m ni/n. （尤指法庭上的）证词，证言；证据，证明 ) to（testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明） how the Silk Road brought East and West together)定语从句. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres. 你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45,000平方米，非常惊人。
2
be testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明
This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry.
出口增长证明了产业的成功。《牛津词典》
The environmental movement is testimony to the widespread feelings of support for nature's importance.
环保运动是大自然重要性得到广泛认可的明证。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
This business 'success is testimony to your hard work. 事业成功是你勤奋工作的证明。
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural (that is unique to Dunhuang)定语从句 shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations (of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers)定语 decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, [with their scarves flying]独立主格结构, [as if they are about to fly down to meet us]方式状语从句. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, [reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time]现在分词短语作伴随状语. 敦煌壁画的主体多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帗巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
3
be unique to 是……特有的；是 ……独有的
Panda is unique to China. 熊猫是中国特有的。
The custom is unique to the region. 这种风俗是这一地区特有的.
The music is unique to that country. 这是那个国家特有的音乐。
in more detail 更详细地
Let us look at these views in more detail.
让我们更详细地看待这些观点。
This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, (when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century)非限制性定语从句. In a sealed cave, (now known as the famous Library Cave)过去分词作非限制性定语, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here. [Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD]现在分词短语作状语, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang (when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade)定语从句. 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
4
dating from 从什么时候开始建于；可追溯至
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. 它们的历史可以追溯到12世纪，可以认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑。
Within these files were more than a million chat messages dating from August and September 2008. 在这些文件夹里有2008年8月和9月间超过一百万的聊天信息。
a stone’s throw from一箭之遥；一步之遥
We live just a stone's throw from here.
我们就住在附近。《牛津词典》
My house is within a stone's throw from the railway station. 我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
My community is a stone's throw away from the downtown. 我居住的小区离市中心只是一步之遥。
Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods (that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few)定语从句. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason (why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago)定语从句 remains a mystery. 多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
4
seal up 密封住；尘封；封存
We seal up the Windows when winter comes.
冬天来临时，我们密封窗户。
You must seal up the envelope before mailing the letter. 你在寄信前必须先将信封密封。
Seal up the wishes which have been achieved, we are sailing for our new dreams in 2022. 封存好过去一年已实现的愿望，2022年我们为新的梦想扬帆起航！
to name just a few仅举几例
We will be well behind - to name just a few - Iceland, Sweden and New Zealand. 我们还远远落后于冰岛，瑞典，新西兰这些国家。
My interests are many, but to name just a few: Painting, Photography, Music, Reading. 我的爱好很多，现在只想起几个，画画，摄影，音乐，阅读。
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous [as it used to be]比较状语从句. Gradually, it faded from memory, [even though it was once such a great city]让步状语从句. 明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
5
fade from从……中消逝；褪色
All colour had faded from the sky. 天上的颜色都退去了。《牛津词典》
All memory of the childhood faded from her mind. 她儿时的记忆从她脑海中逐渐消失。
Your shirts have faded from frequent washing. 你的衬衣由于经常洗涤已经褪色。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink. 墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
Time slowly faded from our past, leaving the unknown pain.
时间慢慢淡忘了我们的过去，留下未知的伤痛。
The story about him became smaller and faded from the public eye by and by.
关于他的传闻逐渐从公众的视野中消失了。
The look of delight faded from Dad's face as he turned slowly to look at me.
爸爸慢慢地转过身来看着我，喜悦的神情从他脸上消失了。
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. Now let’s move on to the next cave... 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
6
7
bring... to life 给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。《牛津词典》
My father died last year—I wish I could bring him back to life.
去年我父亲逝世了—我要是能使他起死回生该多好啊。
given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much. 我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Given that you are still young, I forgive you. 考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
词组短语用法解析
词、短语及句型
1. to and from
2. carve ... out of
3. be testimony to
4. vary from...to ...
5. be unique to
6. with＋宾语＋宾补
7. in more detail
8. a stone’s throw from
9. date from...
10. to name just a few
11. seal up
12. fade from
13. bring... to life
14. given that
to and from 往返；来来回回
1
(教材P34)On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. 这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。
①Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
价格中包括往返机场的交通费。《牛津词典》
②More important, he'd be able to drive his daughter to and from school.
更重要的是，他还可以开车接送女儿上下学。
③We offer free transportation to and from the airport.
我们提供免费的机场送迎服务。
carve ... out of 从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
2
(教材P34)Known as the Mogao Grottoes]过去分词短语作状语, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
①Joe remained immobile, as if he had been carved out of stone.
乔一动不动，仿佛一座石头雕像一样。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
②The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone. 这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。《牛津词典》
③This canoe was carved out of a tree trunk. 这只独木舟是用树干刻出来的。
be testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明
3
(教材P35)If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. 你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。
①This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry.
出口增长证明了产业的成功。《牛津词典》
②The environmental movement is testimony to the widespread feelings of support for nature's importance. 环保运动是大自然重要性得到广泛认可的明证。
③This business' success is testimony to your hard work. 事业成功是你勤奋工作的证明。
vary from...to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
4
(教材P35)The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活的场景各不相同。
①Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人们意见不一。
②Customs can vary from region to region, and costume can vary in colour and design.
各地的习俗不同，服装在颜色和设计方面也不同。
be unique to 是……特有的；是……独有的
5
(教材P35)But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”.但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。
①Panda is unique to China.
熊猫是中国特有的。
②The custom is unique to the region.
这种风俗是这一地区特有的.
③The music is unique to that country.
这是那个国家特有的音乐。
with＋宾语＋宾补 介词with复合结构，独立主格结构特例。
6
①(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average. 去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均气温升高0.68 ℃。（介词短语作宾补）
②Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.
学校附近有个树木环绕的美丽公园。（介词短语作宾补）
③ With the villagers leading the way, we got there without difficulty.
由于村民们带路，我们毫不费力地到了那儿。（现在分词作宾补）
温馨提示：
宾补形式：形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
在句中所作成分：定语和状语。作状语时表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随。
in more detail 更详细地
7
(教材P35)The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活的场景各不相同。
① Let us look at these views in more detail.
让我们更详细地看待这些观点。
② This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter.
这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
③ Let's consider these in more detail.
让我们仔细想想这些。
a stone’s throw from一箭之遥；一步之遥
8
(教材P35)We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here.藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。
①We live just a stone's throw from here. 我们就住在附近。《牛津词典》
②My house is within a stone's throw from the railway station.
我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
③My community is a stone's throw away from the downtown.
我居住的小区离市中心只是一步之遥。
date from...(=date back to) 追溯到……
9
(教材P36)Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年到1002年，让我们看到了敦煌处于丝绸之路贸易中心时的景象。
①The skills of cooking in China can date from thousands of years.
中国的烹饪技术可以追溯到几千年前。
②Beijing Opera dating back to about 200 years ago is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as a symbol of Chinese culture. 始于大约200年前的京剧是一种中国传统戏剧，它被看作是中国文化的象征。
温馨提示：date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态，常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
用作现在分词的date from: dating from 从什么时候开始建于；可追溯至
9
①Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. 它们的历史可以追溯到12世纪，可以认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑。
②Within these files were more than a million chat messages dating from August and September 2008. 在这些文件夹里有2008年8月和9月间超过一百万的聊天信息。
一句多译
中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history ________________
_________________________________．(定语从句)
Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history ________________
____________________________．(现在分词短语作定语)
which dates from/
back to more than 1，000 years ago
dating from/back
to more than 1，000 years ago
to name just a few仅举几例
10
(教材P36)The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. 这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。
① We will be well behind - to name just a few - Iceland, Sweden and
New Zealand.
我们还远远落后于冰岛，瑞典，新西兰这些国家。
② My interests are many, but to name just a few: Painting, Photography, Music, Reading. 我的爱好很多，现在只想起几个，画画，摄影，音乐，阅读。
③ We urgently need new biotechnologies, a cure for AIDS and a cleaner energy infrastructure, to name just a few. 我们迫切地需要新的生物技术来治疗艾滋病、提供洁净的能源等等。
seal up 密封住；尘封；封存
11
(教材P36)However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
① We seal up the Windows when winter comes.
冬天来临时，我们密封窗户。
② You must seal up the envelope before mailing the letter. 寄信前你必须先将信封密封。
③ Seal up the wishes which have been achieved, we are sailing for our new dreams in 2022. 封存好过去一年已实现的愿望，2022年我们为新的梦想扬帆起航！
fade from 从……中消逝；褪色
12
(教材P36)Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. 尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
①All colour had faded from the sky. 天上的颜色都退去了。《牛津词典》
②All memory of the childhood faded from her mind. 她儿时的记忆从她脑海中逐渐消失。
③Your shirts have faded from frequent washing. 你的衬衣由于经常洗涤已经褪色。
④The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink. 墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
⑤Time slowly faded from our past, leaving the unknown pain. 时间慢慢淡忘了我们的过去，留下未知的伤痛。
⑥The story about him became smaller and faded from the public eye by and by.
关于他的传闻逐渐从公众的视野中消失了。
⑦The look of delight faded from Dad's face as he turned slowly to look at me.
爸爸慢慢地转过身来看着我，喜悦的神情从他脸上消失了。
bring... to life 给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
13
(教材P36)This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。
① Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。《牛津词典》
② My father died last year—I wish I could bring him back to life.
去年我父亲逝世了—我要是能使他起死回生该多好啊。
③ You have to think about what can I do to respect the building and how can I bring it back to life 你必须思考我能做些什么来尊重这座建筑，我怎样才能让它起死回生呢
given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
14
(教材P36)Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. 博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
① Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn
that much. 我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② Given that you are still young, I forgive you. 考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
③ Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. 即使我们不能让时光倒流，成年人仍然可以帮助下一代应对未来。
复习回顾
1. to and from
2. carve ... out of
3. be testimony to
4. vary from...to ...
5. be unique to
6. with＋宾语＋宾补
7. in more detail
8. a stone’s throw from
9. date from...
10. to name just a few
11. seal up
12. fade from
13. bring... to life
14. given that
往返；来来回回
从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
……的证词; ……的证明
从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
是……特有的；是……独有的
介词with复合结构，独立主格结构特例
更详细地
一箭之遥；一步之遥
追溯到……
仅举几例
密封住；尘封；封存
从……中消逝；褪色
给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
用所给短语正确形式填空
1.He had that this delightful young woman was as gentle as she looked.
2.If men can’t live nature,the balance will be destroyed.
3.Don’t believe what he said.His story nothing.
4.The children were the monkey bananas.
巩固练习
take it for granted,feed...with,in harmony with,be based on
take it for granted
in harmony with
be based on
feeding
with
Phrase Filling
课文语法填空
On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place 1________ East met West and a green island in the middle of the desert. Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its 2 ___________ (significant) as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. There are more than 700 famous caves in Dunhuang, which 3___________ (carve) out of the rock over a period of 1,00 years. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from 4________ (religion) stories to scenes of everyday life, 5 ________( reflect) the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
where
significance
were carved
religious
reflecting
Grammar Filling
Something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important 6______ ( find) of the 20th century. In a 7________ ( seal) cave were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls including silk embroideries. The scrolls are 8_____ detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang.
In the Ming Dynasty , trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.9_________( gradual), it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it 10 ________( host) hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.
Grammar Filling
finds
sealed
so
Gradually
hosted
1. Recite all the phrases and expressions we have learned in class.
2. Why Dunhuang is a good place to travel (Write a summary to introduce Dunhuang briefly, within 100 words.)
Homework
Why Dunhuang is a good place to travel (Write a summary to introduce Dunhuang briefly, within 100 words.)
Sample
Dunhuang is a fantastic travel destination because it boasts rich cultural heritage and stunning natural scenery. Known for its ancient Mogao Caves, filled with exquisite Buddhist artwork, it offers a glimpse into China's religious history. The city also features the majestic Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Lake, providing breathtaking views of sand dunes and crystal-clear water. Additionally, Dunhuang's unique location in the Gobi Desert makes it an adventurous place to explore.
Unit 3 Understanding ideas
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!
欢迎来到敦煌！
语言点课件
词汇短语复习巩固
Words and expressions
* gateway n. 通向……的门户 34
* oasis n. （沙漠中的）绿洲 34
* glorious adj. （辉煌的的 34
* boast v. （地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物） 34
* grotto n. 小洞穴 34
* testimony n. 证据；证明 35
statue n. 雕像；塑像 35
* mural n. 壁画 35
* religious adj. 宗教的 35
* Apsaras n. 飞天 35
* immortal n. 神 35
* heavenly adj. 天国的 35
peak n. 高峰，顶点 35
Taoist priest 道士 35
* scroll n. 纸卷，卷轴 35
* ceramics n. 陶瓷制品 36
* crossroads n. 活动中心，汇集地 36
* expo n. 展览会，博览会 36
strengthen v. 加强 36
coverage n. 覆盖范围 37
scholar n. 学者 39
department n. （大学的）系，部 40
institute n. 学院；研究院 40
重点词汇
1.gateway n.
2.oasis n.
3.grotto n.
4.testimony n.
5.mural n.
6.Apsaras n.
7.immortal n.
8.scroll n.
9.ceramics n.
10.heavenly adj.
11.expo n.
通向……的门户
(沙漠中的)绿洲
小洞穴
证据;证明
壁画
飞天
神
纸卷;卷轴
陶瓷制品
天国的
展览会;博览会
12. adj.辉煌的
13. v. (地方、机构等)自豪地拥有(好的事物)
14. n.雕像;塑像
15. adj.宗教的
16. n.高峰;顶点
17. n.活动中心;汇集地
18. vt.加强
19. n.覆盖范围
glorious
boast
statue
religious
peak
crossroads
strengthen
coverage
重点词汇
重点短语
1.ahead of
2.be known as
3.get a better view
4.cover an area of
5.in detail
6. ……的见证
7. 追溯到
8. 封闭;密封
9. 从……逐渐消失
10. 使……恢复生机
在……前面
作为……而著名
看得更清楚
占……面积
详细地
be testimony to
date from
seal up
fade from
bring...to life
课文语法结构分析
1 Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.
Para. 1
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将是怎样的。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
where引导的定语从句，修饰a place,在从句中作地点状语。
how引导宾语从句，作imagine的宾语。
when引导时间状语从句
此句为主系表结构，表语the gateway，a place和a green island是三个并列名词短语。第一、三个后接介词短语作定语，第二个接的是定语从句。
2 Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.
Para. 2
敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰destination。
of which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中which作介词of的宾语。
过去分词短语作状语。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
2 If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.
Para. 2
你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45,000平方米，非常惊人。
If引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果”。
that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
how引导宾语从句，在介词to之后作宾语。
so that引导目的状语从句，从句中常含情态动词can/could/might等。
be testimony to... 见证……；是……的见证
get a better view 看得更清楚
cover an area of 占地……； 占……面积
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
3 The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.
Para. 3
敦煌壁画的主体多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帗巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。
be unique to... 为……所独有
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
that引导定语从句，修饰one type of mural, 在从句中作主语。
现在分词短语作伴随状语
with+ 宾语+宾补（flying）是独立主格结构作状语。
as if引导方式状语从句，表示“仿佛，好像”。
3 And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
Para. 3
再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
更详细地
充满生机，栩栩如生
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
where引导地点状语从句。
现在分词短语作方式状语
4 Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.
Para. 4
1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
本句是完全倒装句。是“介词短语+谓语+主语”结构。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
when引导非限制性定语从句，对in 1900进行补充说明。
过去分词短语作非限制性定语,修饰前面cave作定语。
离……很远/不近
现在分词短语作时间状语
when引导时间状语从句。
give sb. a picture of 向某人展现了……
4 Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.
Para. 4
多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
that引导宾语从句，在know之后作宾语。
that引导宾语从句，作主句know之后宾语。
that引导结果状语从句，与前面so构成so...that...句式，表结果。
to name just a few 仅举几例
how many引导宾语从句，在reveal之后作宾语。
why引导的定语从句，修饰the reason，在从句中作原因状语。
as far away as 远至; 远到。
5 In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.
6 This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
7 Now let’s move on to the next cave...
Para. 5--7
明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 欢迎来到敦煌！
as引导比较状语从句，与前面as构成as + adj. +as（conj.) 比较结构。
从记忆中消失
even though=even if引导让步状语从句，“即使”。
since引导时间状语从句，意思是“自从”。
Given that引导原因状语从句，given that连词，“鉴于……,考虑到……”。
move on to 移步到……；进入……
bring... to life 使……苏醒/活跃起来/焕发生机
课文翻译串讲
WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them. 欢迎来到敦煌！
欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受将是怎样的。
1
to and from 往返；来来回回
Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
价格中包括往返机场的交通费。《牛津词典》
More important, he'd be able to drive his daughter to and from school.
更重要的是，他还可以开车接送女儿上下学。
We offer free transportation to and from the airport.
我们提供免费的机场送迎服务。
Dunhuang’s long and glorious history represents its significance [as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange]. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination (boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status)现在分词短语作定语( / ste t s/n. （尤指在社会中的）地位，身份). Now, we are going to enter some of the city’s famous caves, (of which there are more than 700)定语从句. [Known as the Mogao Grottoes]过去分词短语作状语, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock [over a period of 1,000 years]. 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
2
carve ... out of 从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
Joe remained immobile, as if he had been carved out of stone.
乔一动不动，仿佛一座石头雕像一样。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone. 这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。《牛津词典》
This canoe was carved out of a tree trunk. 这只独木舟是用树干刻出来的。
[If you look up]条件状语从句, you can see the paintings and other artworks (that are testimony(/ test m ni/n. （尤指法庭上的）证词，证言；证据，证明 ) to（testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明） how the Silk Road brought East and West together)定语从句. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the e a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres. 你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画！它们的面积有45,000平方米，非常惊人。
2
be testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明
This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry.
出口增长证明了产业的成功。《牛津词典》
The environmental movement is testimony to the widespread feelings of support for nature's importance.
环保运动是大自然重要性得到广泛认可的明证。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
This business 'success is testimony to your hard work. 事业成功是你勤奋工作的证明。
The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural (that is unique to Dunhuang)定语从句 shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”. Representations (of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers)定语 decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, [with their scarves flying]独立主格结构, [as if they are about to fly down to meet us]方式状语从句. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, [reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time]现在分词短语作伴随状语. 敦煌壁画的主体多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帗巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。
3
be unique to 是……特有的；是 ……独有的
Panda is unique to China. 熊猫是中国特有的。
The custom is unique to the region. 这种风俗是这一地区特有的.
The music is unique to that country. 这是那个国家特有的音乐。
in more detail 更详细地
Let us look at these views in more detail.
让我们更详细地看待这些观点。
This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, (when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century)非限制性定语从句. In a sealed cave, (now known as the famous Library Cave)过去分词作非限制性定语, were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here. [Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD]现在分词短语作状语, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang (when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade)定语从句. 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一位道士的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。
4
dating from 从什么时候开始建于；可追溯至
Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. 它们的历史可以追溯到12世纪，可以认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑。
Within these files were more than a million chat messages dating from August and September 2008. 在这些文件夹里有2008年8月和9月间超过一百万的聊天信息。
a stone’s throw from一箭之遥；一步之遥
We live just a stone's throw from here.
我们就住在附近。《牛津词典》
My house is within a stone's throw from the railway station. 我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
My community is a stone's throw away from the downtown. 我居住的小区离市中心只是一步之遥。
Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods (that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few)定语从句. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason (why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago)定语从句 remains a mystery. 多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
4
seal up 密封住；尘封；封存
We seal up the Windows when winter comes.
冬天来临时，我们密封窗户。
You must seal up the envelope before mailing the letter. 你在寄信前必须先将信封密封。
Seal up the wishes which have been achieved, we are sailing for our new dreams in 2022. 封存好过去一年已实现的愿望，2022年我们为新的梦想扬帆起航！
to name just a few仅举几例
We will be well behind - to name just a few - Iceland, Sweden and New Zealand. 我们还远远落后于冰岛，瑞典，新西兰这些国家。
My interests are many, but to name just a few: Painting, Photography, Music, Reading. 我的爱好很多，现在只想起几个，画画，摄影，音乐，阅读。
In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous [as it used to be]比较状语从句. Gradually, it faded from memory, [even though it was once such a great city]让步状语从句. 明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
5
fade from从……中消逝；褪色
All colour had faded from the sky. 天上的颜色都退去了。《牛津词典》
All memory of the childhood faded from her mind. 她儿时的记忆从她脑海中逐渐消失。
Your shirts have faded from frequent washing. 你的衬衣由于经常洗涤已经褪色。
The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink. 墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
Time slowly faded from our past, leaving the unknown pain.
时间慢慢淡忘了我们的过去，留下未知的伤痛。
The story about him became smaller and faded from the public eye by and by.
关于他的传闻逐渐从公众的视野中消失了。
The look of delight faded from Dad's face as he turned slowly to look at me.
爸爸慢慢地转过身来看着我，喜悦的神情从他脸上消失了。
This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. Now let’s move on to the next cave... 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟……
6
7
bring... to life 给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。《牛津词典》
My father died last year—I wish I could bring him back to life.
去年我父亲逝世了—我要是能使他起死回生该多好啊。
given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much. 我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Given that you are still young, I forgive you. 考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
词组短语用法解析
词、短语及句型
1. to and from
2. carve ... out of
3. be testimony to
4. vary from...to ...
5. be unique to
6. with＋宾语＋宾补
7. in more detail
8. a stone’s throw from
9. date from...
10. to name just a few
11. seal up
12. fade from
13. bring... to life
14. given that
to and from 往返；来来回回
1
(教材P34)On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. 这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。
①Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
价格中包括往返机场的交通费。《牛津词典》
②More important, he'd be able to drive his daughter to and from school.
更重要的是，他还可以开车接送女儿上下学。
③We offer free transportation to and from the airport.
我们提供免费的机场送迎服务。
carve ... out of 从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
2
(教材P34)Known as the Mogao Grottoes]过去分词短语作状语, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years.这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一千多年前在岩石上雕刻而成的。
①Joe remained immobile, as if he had been carved out of stone.
乔一动不动，仿佛一座石头雕像一样。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
②The statue was carved out of a single piece of stone. 这座雕像是用整块石料雕成的。《牛津词典》
③This canoe was carved out of a tree trunk. 这只独木舟是用树干刻出来的。
be testimony to ……的证词; ……的证明
3
(教材P35)If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. 你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。
①This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry.
出口增长证明了产业的成功。《牛津词典》
②The environmental movement is testimony to the widespread feelings of support for nature's importance. 环保运动是大自然重要性得到广泛认可的明证。
③This business' success is testimony to your hard work. 事业成功是你勤奋工作的证明。
vary from...to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
4
(教材P35)The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活的场景各不相同。
①Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人们意见不一。
②Customs can vary from region to region, and costume can vary in colour and design.
各地的习俗不同，服装在颜色和设计方面也不同。
be unique to 是……特有的；是……独有的
5
(教材P35)But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or “Flying Immortals”.但是，有一种壁画是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。
①Panda is unique to China.
熊猫是中国特有的。
②The custom is unique to the region.
这种风俗是这一地区特有的.
③The music is unique to that country.
这是那个国家特有的音乐。
with＋宾语＋宾补 介词with复合结构，独立主格结构特例。
6
①(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average. 去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均气温升高0.68 ℃。（介词短语作宾补）
②Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.
学校附近有个树木环绕的美丽公园。（介词短语作宾补）
③ With the villagers leading the way, we got there without difficulty.
由于村民们带路，我们毫不费力地到了那儿。（现在分词作宾补）
温馨提示：
宾补形式：形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
在句中所作成分：定语和状语。作状语时表示时间、原因、方式、条件或伴随。
in more detail 更详细地
7
(教材P35)The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life.
敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活的场景各不相同。
① Let us look at these views in more detail.
让我们更详细地看待这些观点。
② This issue will be discussed in more detail in the next chapter.
这个问题将在下一章详细论述。
③ Let's consider these in more detail.
让我们仔细想想这些。
a stone’s throw from一箭之遥；一步之遥
8
(教材P35)We’ll have a chance to see some of them shortly --- the Library Cave is only a stone’s throw from here.藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。
①We live just a stone's throw from here. 我们就住在附近。《牛津词典》
②My house is within a stone's throw from the railway station.
我的房子离火车站仅一箭之遥。
③My community is a stone's throw away from the downtown.
我居住的小区离市中心只是一步之遥。
date from...(=date back to) 追溯到……
9
(教材P36)Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.这些隐藏的宝藏可以追溯到公元405年到1002年，让我们看到了敦煌处于丝绸之路贸易中心时的景象。
①The skills of cooking in China can date from thousands of years.
中国的烹饪技术可以追溯到几千年前。
②Beijing Opera dating back to about 200 years ago is a form of traditional Chinese theatre, which is considered as a symbol of Chinese culture. 始于大约200年前的京剧是一种中国传统戏剧，它被看作是中国文化的象征。
温馨提示：date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态，常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
用作现在分词的date from: dating from 从什么时候开始建于；可追溯至
9
①Dating from as far back as the 12th century, they are claimed to be the rarest historic buildings in western Europe. 它们的历史可以追溯到12世纪，可以认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑。
②Within these files were more than a million chat messages dating from August and September 2008. 在这些文件夹里有2008年8月和9月间超过一百万的聊天信息。
一句多译
中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history ________________
_________________________________．(定语从句)
Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history ________________
____________________________．(现在分词短语作定语)
which dates from/
back to more than 1，000 years ago
dating from/back
to more than 1，000 years ago
to name just a few仅举几例
10
(教材P36)The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. 这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。
① We will be well behind - to name just a few - Iceland, Sweden and
New Zealand.
我们还远远落后于冰岛，瑞典，新西兰这些国家。
② My interests are many, but to name just a few: Painting, Photography, Music, Reading. 我的爱好很多，现在只想起几个，画画，摄影，音乐，阅读。
③ We urgently need new biotechnologies, a cure for AIDS and a cleaner energy infrastructure, to name just a few. 我们迫切地需要新的生物技术来治疗艾滋病、提供洁净的能源等等。
seal up 密封住；尘封；封存
11
(教材P36)However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被封闭起来？这至今仍是个谜。
① We seal up the Windows when winter comes.
冬天来临时，我们密封窗户。
② You must seal up the envelope before mailing the letter. 寄信前你必须先将信封密封。
③ Seal up the wishes which have been achieved, we are sailing for our new dreams in 2022. 封存好过去一年已实现的愿望，2022年我们为新的梦想扬帆起航！
fade from 从……中消逝；褪色
12
(教材P36)Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. 尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。
①All colour had faded from the sky. 天上的颜色都退去了。《牛津词典》
②All memory of the childhood faded from her mind. 她儿时的记忆从她脑海中逐渐消失。
③Your shirts have faded from frequent washing. 你的衬衣由于经常洗涤已经褪色。
④The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink. 墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。
⑤Time slowly faded from our past, leaving the unknown pain. 时间慢慢淡忘了我们的过去，留下未知的伤痛。
⑥The story about him became smaller and faded from the public eye by and by.
关于他的传闻逐渐从公众的视野中消失了。
⑦The look of delight faded from Dad's face as he turned slowly to look at me.
爸爸慢慢地转过身来看着我，喜悦的神情从他脸上消失了。
bring... to life 给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
13
(教材P36)This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road initiative. 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。
① Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.
鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。《牛津词典》
② My father died last year—I wish I could bring him back to life.
去年我父亲逝世了—我要是能使他起死回生该多好啊。
③ You have to think about what can I do to respect the building and how can I bring it back to life 你必须思考我能做些什么来尊重这座建筑，我怎样才能让它起死回生呢
given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
14
(教材P36)Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place. 博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
① Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn
that much. 我花钱通常是很明智的。考虑到自己挣得不多，必须这样做。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
② Given that you are still young, I forgive you. 考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
③ Given that we can't turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. 即使我们不能让时光倒流，成年人仍然可以帮助下一代应对未来。
复习回顾
1. to and from
2. carve ... out of
3. be testimony to
4. vary from...to ...
5. be unique to
6. with＋宾语＋宾补
7. in more detail
8. a stone’s throw from
9. date from...
10. to name just a few
11. seal up
12. fade from
13. bring... to life
14. given that
往返；来来回回
从……切出（引伸为修建）；雕刻出
……的证词; ……的证明
从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
是……特有的；是……独有的
介词with复合结构，独立主格结构特例
更详细地
一箭之遥；一步之遥
追溯到……
仅举几例
密封住；尘封；封存
从……中消逝；褪色
给……带来生机；使复苏；使清醒；使复活
只要是，考虑到；假定，已知
用所给短语正确形式填空
1.He had that this delightful young woman was as gentle as she looked.
2.If men can’t live nature,the balance will be destroyed.
3.Don’t believe what he said.His story nothing.
4.The children were the monkey bananas.
巩固练习
take it for granted,feed...with,in harmony with,be based on
take it for granted
in harmony with
be based on
feeding
with
Phrase Filling
课文语法填空
On the old Silk Road, Dunhuang was the gateway to and from Ancient China, a place 1________ East met West and a green island in the middle of the desert. Dunhuang's long and glorious history represents its 2 ___________ (significant) as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. There are more than 700 famous caves in Dunhuang, which 3___________ (carve) out of the rock over a period of 1,00 years. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from 4________ (religion) stories to scenes of everyday life, 5 ________( reflect) the confidence and optimism of people from that time.
where
significance
were carved
religious
reflecting
Grammar Filling
Something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important 6______ ( find) of the 20th century. In a 7________ ( seal) cave were hidden thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls including silk embroideries. The scrolls are 8_____ detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang.
In the Ming Dynasty , trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.9_________( gradual), it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it 10 ________( host) hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017.
Grammar Filling
finds
sealed
so
Gradually
hosted
1. Recite all the phrases and expressions we have learned in class.
2. Why Dunhuang is a good place to travel (Write a summary to introduce Dunhuang briefly, within 100 words.)
Homework
Why Dunhuang is a good place to travel (Write a summary to introduce Dunhuang briefly, within 100 words.)
Sample
Dunhuang is a fantastic travel destination because it boasts rich cultural heritage and stunning natural scenery. Known for its ancient Mogao Caves, filled with exquisite Buddhist artwork, it offers a glimpse into China's religious history. The city also features the majestic Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Lake, providing breathtaking views of sand dunes and crystal-clear water. Additionally, Dunhuang's unique location in the Gobi Desert makes it an adventurous place to explore.