Unit 3 The world meets China Grammar 课件（共45张，内嵌音频） 2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修4

(共45张PPT)
Unit 3 Using language
Review：adverbial clauses
复习: 状语从句
语法课件
To review the usage and differences of several adverbial clauses, and use them in real contexts.
Learning objective
Words and expressions
* heavenly adj. 天国的 35
peak n. 高峰，顶点 35
Taoist priest 道士 35
* scroll n. 纸卷，卷轴 35
* ceramics n. 陶瓷制品 36
* crossroads n. 活动中心，汇集地 36
* expo n. 展览会，博览会 36
strengthen v. 加强 36
coverage n. 覆盖范围 37
scholar n. 学者 39
department n. （大学的）系，部 40
institute n. 学院；研究院 40
* gateway n. 通向……的门户 34
* oasis n. （沙漠中的）绿洲 34
* glorious adj. （辉煌的的 34
* boast v. （地方、机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物） 34
* grotto n. 小洞穴 34
* testimony n. 证据；证明 35
statue n. 雕像；塑像 35
* mural n. 壁画 35
* religious adj. 宗教的 35
* Apsaras n. 飞天 35
* immortal n. 神 35
重点单词
1._______________ n．　　　　 (大学的)系；部
2. __________ n．　　　　　　 学院；研究院
词汇拓展
3. __________ n．学者→scholarship n．奖学金；学术成就；学问
department
institute
重点知识点巩固
Revision
scholar
重点短语
1. _____________　　　　　 把……与……混合在一起
2．____________________ 取得突破
3．____________________ 描述……
4. __________________　　　　　　　把……翻译成……
5．___________________________ 总之；概括来说
mix...with...
make a breakthrough
Revision
give an account of...
translate...into...
on the whole/to sum up/in short
重点句型
“the＋序数词＋(n.＋) to do sth.”意为“做某事的第几个人/物”
Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and ________
______________________________________________(成为第一个获得欧洲情报的中国人).
became
the first Chinese to get information on Europe
Revision
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
1 Classify the adverbial clauses in the sentences.
condition comparison reason time
2 What other types of adverbial clause can you think of Give some examples.
b
c
d
a
a You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of
Dunhuang ahead of them.
b If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks.
c ... Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be.
d Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural
exchange ..., Dunhuang was the ideal place.
Activity 1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
2 What other types of adverbial clause can you think of Give some examples.
Place: Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed.
Purpose: All those concerned must work together in order that agreement can be reached on this issue.
Concession: Even though we live in a high-tech age, it's still impossible to predict the weather accurately.
Concession and Manner: Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family.
Result: Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had
been there.
Activity 1
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1
2 What other types of adverbial clause can you think of Give some examples.
More sentences:
a. Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view.(Result)
b. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves
flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us.(Manner)
c. Move over here where you can see it in more detail.( Place)
d. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD， these hidden treasures give us a picture
of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade.(Time)
e. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great
city.(Concession)
f. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted
hundreds of representatives from 51 countries for the Silk Road Inter-
national Cultural Expo in 2017.(Time)
Activity 1
语法讲析---状语从句复习
Grammar
一、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有:
if、unless、as/so long as、in case (万一)、once、on condition that、provided/providing (that)、supposing/suppose (that)、assuming that (假设)等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before
the weekend.
My parents don’t mind what job I do as long as I am happy.
Adverbial clauses
如果你不努力学习，你会考不及格的。
他们同意把汽车借给我们，条件是我们在周末之前归还。
只要我高兴，我父母不介意我做什么工作。
Grammar
2.only if和if only的区别
only if意为“只有”,置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。
if only意为“但愿;要是……就好了”,引导的从句要用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时,从句用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,从句用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,谓语用“would/could+动词原形”。
Only if he studies harder can he catch up with others.
If only it would stop raining!
只有他更努力学习，他才能赶上别人。
要是雨停了就好了!
Grammar
二、让步状语从句
1.although、though、as与while引导的让步状语从句
Although he is considered a great writer , his works are not widely read.
Although this may sound like a simple task , great care is needed.
while也可以引导让步状语从句,但只能放在句首,意为“虽然;尽管”。
While he loves his students , he is very strict with them.
虽然他被认为是一位伟大的作家，但他的作品并不被广泛阅读。
虽然这听起来像是一个简单的任务，但需要非常小心。
虽然他爱他的学生，但他对他们很严格。
Grammar
2.even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使,纵然”,引导让步状语从句时,可用虚拟语气,也可以用陈述语气。
I’ll do it , even if it takes me all afternoon.
Even if I were in your place , I wouldn’t take the job.
我要做这件事，即使要花我整个下午。
即使我处在你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。
Grammar
3.“疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句
however、whatever、whoever、whenever等引导的让步状语从句相当于“no matter+疑问词”,意为“无论……”。
Wherever/No matter where you go , I would keep you company.
4.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
Whether or not he will stay , I really don’t care.
无论你去哪里，我都会陪着你。
他是否要留下来，我真的不在乎。
Grammar
三、时间状语从句
1.when、while和as引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义 用法
when 当……时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用;从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while 当……时候 只可与延续性动词连用;侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比
as 一边……一边……;随着 常与延续性动词连用;从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
Grammar
Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played , sales of French wines went up.
While watching TV , children do not merely absorb words and images.
As he grew older , he became less active.
如果主句表示的是非延续性动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,则when、while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street , I came across an old friend.
英国的研究人员发现，当播放法国音乐时，法国葡萄酒的销量会上升。
孩子们看电视时，不仅仅是吸收文字和图像。
随着年龄的增长，他变得不那么活跃了。
当我在街上走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。
Grammar
2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句
(1)有的名词短语或副词可引导时间状语从句,如:the moment、the minute、the second、the instant、immediately、directly、instantly等。另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
For example , the moment you get on the airplane , start adjusting your biological clock to the destination’s time.
The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.
例如，当你登上飞机的那一刻，就开始调整你的生物钟来适应目的地的时间。
那男孩一见到果园的主人就跑掉了。
Grammar
(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...结构中,主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
在hardly/scarcely...when...与no sooner...than...结构中,当hardly , scarcely或no sooner位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
They had hardly reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.=Hardly had they reached Edinburgh when they were ordered to return to London.
我刚告诉他这个消息，他就不听了。
他刚讲完，学生们就开始欢呼起来。
他们刚到爱丁堡就奉命返回伦敦。
Grammar
3.till,until和not...until/till的用法
until与till两者均表示“直到……为止”,引导时间状语从句。
肯定句中,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词,表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止。
not...until...与not...till...两者均表示“直到……才……”,not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词,表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可用于句首,而till不可放在句首,till一般不用于强调句型。
The father waited until his daughter finished her homework.
The baby didn’t go to bed until/till his mother returned.
父亲一直等到女儿写完家庭作业。
这个婴儿直到他母亲回来才上床睡觉。
Grammar
4.after、before引导的时间状语从句
after表示“在……之后”;before表示“在……之前;还没来得及……就……”。
He changed his name after he left his hometown.
Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature , many children died of common childhood diseases.
他离开家乡后改名了。
在现代医学改变自然规律之前，许多儿童死于常见的儿童疾病。
Grammar
5.since引导的时间状语从句
since意为“自从……以来”,从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词。since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
They have been friends since they met for the first time in London.
It has been three years since the war ended.
自从他们在伦敦第一次见面以来，他们就一直是朋友。
战争结束已经三年了。
Grammar
6.其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句
every time每次、each time每次、any time任何时候、next time下次、the first/last time第一次/最后一次。
Every time I meet her I always forget her name.
The first time I met her , I thought her nice and honest.
每次我见到她，我总是忘记她的名字。
我第一次见到她时，我觉得她又好又诚实。
Grammar
四、原因状语从句
1.原因状语从句通常由because、since、as、now that等连词引导。
连词 区别 位置 内涵 能否回答why问句 能否被强调
because 主句前或后 直接原因 能 能
as(由于) 主句前或后 双方都知 道的原因 否 否
since/now that(既然) 主句前 Now that you’ve got a chance , you might as well make full use of it.
We had better hurry as it’s getting dark.
既然你有了一个机会，你不妨充分利用它。
天快黑了，我们最好快点。
Grammar
2.seeing that...(由于;鉴于)、considering that...(考虑到;鉴于)也可引导原因状语从句。
Seeing (that) the weather is bad , we’ll stay at home.
Considering (that) it is handmade , the price seems reasonable.
由于天气不好，我们将呆在家里。
考虑到这是手工制作的，价格还算合理。
Grammar
五、地点状语从句
地点状语从句可由where、wherever和everywhere引导。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
Everywhere they went , the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.
你应该把东西放在你能再找到的地方。
贵宾们每到一处都受到热烈欢迎。
Grammar
where既可以引导定语从句,也可以引导地点状语从句。引导定语从句时,从句前应该有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,where可以变为“介词+关系代词”形式;而状语从句前则没有先行词。
Put the book at the place where you took it.(定语从句)
Put the book where you took it.(状语从句)
把书放在你拿它的地方。
把书放在你拿的地方。
Grammar
六、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that(因此)、so...that...(如此……以至于……)、such...that...(如此……以至于……)等。
so...that...与such...that...引导结果状语从句的结构形式为:
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句
so+many/much/few/little(少)+名词+that从句
such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句
Grammar
在so...that...和such...that...结构中,当“so+adj./adv.”或“such+n.”置于句首时,主句要部分倒装。
So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch him.
He is so experienced a worker that we all believe him.
=He is such an experienced worker that we all believe him.
他是一个很有经验的工人，我们都相信他。
他跑得那么快，我追不上他。
Grammar
七、目的状语从句
1.in order that与so that引导的目的状语
两个短语都意为“以便……;为了……”,其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would+动词原形”。in order that比so that正式,其引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后;而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can all hear you.
In order that we might get there on time , we should set out early.
2.for fear that(唯恐）与in case（以防）引导的目的状语从句
Leave your key with your neighbour in case you lock yourself out one day.
大声点说，以便大厅里的人都能听到你的话。
我们应该早点出发，以便准时到达那里。
把钥匙交给你的邻居，以防有一天你把自己锁在门外了。
Grammar
八.比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾,常用
as...as、not as/so...as、比较级+than引导。
He is taller than any other student in our school.
John plays football as well as , if not better than , David.
他比我们学校任何其他学生都高。
约翰足球踢得即使不比大卫好，至少也和他一样好。
Grammar
九、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有:as(正如,按照)、as if/though
as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时,通常用虚拟语气:与现在事实相反时,从句用一般过去时;与过去事实相反时,从句谓语用“had+过去分词”;与将来事实相反时,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时,则用陈述句语气。
Please do as the teacher tells you to do.
They treat her as though she were their daughter.
Look at the clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain.
请按照老师告诉你的去做。
他们对待她就像对待自己的女儿一样。
看那些云! 看来天要下雨了。
Grammar
选词填空
as long as ,in case , so that , as though , even though , now that
1.Dad brought a notebook along to the beach,　　　　　 he was seized by sudden inspiration.
2.They may be able to help with childcare 　　　　　you can have
a break.
3.　　　　　my heart still beats , I will go on working for people.
in case
so that
As long as
爸爸去海边时随身带了一本笔记本，以防突然灵光一闪。
他们也许能帮忙照看孩子，这样你就可以休息一下了。
只要我的心脏还在跳动，我就会继续为人民工作。
语法专练
Grammar
___________I’m quite a reserved person , I like meeting people.
________we are all part of the global village , everyone becomes
a neighbour.
6.It looks 　　　　　a compromise agreement has now been reached.
Even though
Now that
as though
虽然我是个内向的人，但我喜欢与人接触。
既然我们都是地球村的一部分，每个人都成为邻居。
看来现在已经达成了一项妥协协议。
语法专练
Grammar
选词填空
as long as ,in case , so that , as though , even though , now that
Yo-Yo Ma is a French-born Chinese American cellist known for his musical talent. In 1998, Ma founded Silk Road, an organisation that explores musical traditions in countries 1_________________________________________.
The fundamental purpose of Silk Road is to bring
people from across the globe together to play and
listen to music. Instruments and styles are blended
together to create music that is surprising, rich, and
completely original, 2________________________________. What’s more, 3____________________________________, people can learn about the development of culture as a whole.
Complete the passage with the clauses in the box.
so that people can learn about different cultures
no matter what culture it comes from
as the traditional is mixed with the modern
2
Activity 2
The events that Silk Road organises are either performances, workshops, or mixed musical-artistic displays. It is so successful 4____________________________________.
People meet as strangers, but they leave 5____________________, learning that different cultures have more in common than they imagined.
that over 15,000 people each year attend them
as if they are neighbours
Activity 2
Complete the passage with the clauses in the box.
2
马友友是法国出生的美籍华裔大提琴家，以他的音乐天赋而闻名。 1998年，马创立了丝绸之路，这是一个探索各国音乐传统的组织，这样人们就可以了解不同的文化。
丝绸之路的根本目的是带领来自世界各地的人们聚在一起玩耍听音乐。 乐器和风格是混搭在一起，不管它来自什么文化，会创造出令人惊讶的，丰富的和完全原创的音乐。 更重要的是，随着传统与现代的融合，人们可以了解文化作为一个整体的发展。
丝绸之路组织的活动要么是表演，要么是工作坊，要么是音乐艺术的混合展示。 它非常成功，每年有超过15000人参加。人们相遇时像陌生人一样，但他们离开时却像邻居一样，了解到不同的文化有比他们想象的更多的共同点。
参考译文 P38
Activity 2
背诵短语
1.mix with 和……混合
Some of these pills don't mix with drink.
有些药片不能和酒混饮。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》
Sam used to mix with those people. 萨姆过去常与那些人交往。
Oil won't mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
2. as a whole总的来说
The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole.
这次会演对我们城市乃至整个国家都将是意义重大的。《牛津词典》
This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole.
这可能对个人和人口整体产生重大影响。
3. have in common 有……的共同之处; 有……的共同点
Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common.
介绍你自己，然后开始谈论你们的共同点。
What do these films have in common 这些电影有什么共同点？
What do these things have in common 这些东西有什么共同特点？
Activity 2
Look at the picture and describe it using adverbial clauses where appropriate. You may use the information to help you.
3
Activity 3
Since HSR service started in China in 2008, it has undergone rapid growth...
Since HSR service started in China in 2008, it has undergone rapid growth. The experience of train travel suddenly became much more efficient and enjoyable because journeys were not only much faster but also more comfortable. China’s HSR had another technological leap when a major breakthrough was made in 2015, using independent R&D.
Activity 3
Travellers have become so accustomed to the incredible speed of HSR that many of us have already forgotten the old, slow trains of just a decade ago. Now, China cooperates with dozens of countries around the world in order to share its groundbreaking( / ɡra ndbre k / adj. 开创性的) technology and develop HSR services overseas.
Activity 3
自2008年高铁服务在中国启动以来，它经历了快速的增长。 乘火车旅行的经历突然变得更有效率和愉快，因为旅行不仅快得多，而且也更舒适。 2015年，中国高铁通过自主研发取得了重大突破，实现了另一次技术飞跃。
旅客们已经习惯了高铁令人难以置信的速度，以至于我们中的许多人已经忘记了十年前的老式慢速列车。 现在，中国与世界上几十个国家合作，分享其开创性的技术，并在海外发展高铁服务。
参考译文 P39
Activity 3
背诵短语
4.make a major breakthrough 取得重大突破；有重大发展或突破
They announced, amid much ballyhoo, that they had made a breakthrough.
他们宣布，他们取得突破性的进展。
Peace talks have ground on for years, but a breakthrough is never made.
多年来和谈一直被搁置，但从未有过任何突破。
There he experimented with new industrial tools and made a breakthrough.
在那里，他在创作中实验了一些新的工业用具，取得了很大突破。
5. become accustomed to 习惯于；对……变得习以为常
You will soon become accustomed to working hard. 你会很快习惯于努力工作的。
And everyone will have to become accustomed to paying more for food.
并且每个人都将变得习惯于付更多的钱买食品。
One thing once become accustomed to, people often is not willing to change.
一件事一旦变成习惯了，人往往就不愿意改变。
6. groundbreaking / ɡra ndbre k / adj. 开创性的
This case is groundbreaking. 这个案件前所未见。
Their ideas weren't groundbreaking at the time. 他们的想法当时并不具有突破性。
He's always coming up with groundbreaking ideas that can help large companies or other
marketers. 他经常有一些能够帮助大公司的突破性想法。
Activity 3
4
Activity 4
Work in pairs. Describe another Chinese innovation that has had a great impact both at home and abroad. Use adverbial clauses where appropriate.
Take the mobile payment system for example
Sample
The Mobile Payment System
One Chinese innovation that has made a significant impact both domestically and internationally is the mobile payment system. It has revolutionized the way people conduct transactions, especially when shopping or paying bills. When people go out, they no longer need to carry cash or credit cards because they can simply use their smartphones. This system has greatly improved convenience and efficiency, allowing transactions to be completed quickly and securely.
Moreover, it has also promoted a cashless society in China, reducing the risks of theft and fraud. Internationally, it has attracted attention and admiration, inspiring other countries to develop similar systems. In short, the mobile payment system is a Chinese innovation that has transformed daily life and set a new standard for digital transactions worldwide.
移动支付系统
中国的一项创新在国内和国际上都产生了重大影响，那就是移动支付系统。它彻底改变了人们进行交易的方式，尤其是在购物或支付账单时。当人们外出时，他们不再需要携带现金或信用卡，因为他们可以简单地使用智能手机。该系统大大提高了便利性和效率，使交易能够快速安全地完成。
此外，它还促进了中国无现金社会的发展，降低了盗窃和欺诈的风险。在国际上，它引起了人们的关注和赞赏，激励其他国家发展类似的系统。简而言之，移动支付系统是一项中国创新，它改变了人们的日常生活，为全球数字交易树立了新标准。