(共73张PPT)
专题1 名词
语法导航 知识点构主干
砥志研思 语法点摸脉络
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式的变化有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。
(1)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
名词的数
考法1 可数名词
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s chair→chairs
toy→toys
以s，x，ch，
sh结尾的词 加-es bus→buses watch→watches
以辅音字母
加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es city→cities factory→factories
类别 构成方法 例词
以o结尾的词 有生命的词，加-es tomato→tomatoes
potato→potatoes
hero→heroes
以f或fe
结尾的词 变f/fe 为v，再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives
加-s roof→roofs belief→beliefs
(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
变内部元音字母或字母组合 变a为e man→men
woman→women
变oo为ee foot→feet
tooth→teeth
goose→geese
单复数同形 sheep→sheep
deer→deer
类别 构成方法 例词
某国人：中日不变，英法变，其余-s加后面 Chinese→Chinese
Frenchman→Frenchmen
German→Germans
其他形式 mouse→mice ox→oxen
child→children
【注意】
①复合名词的复数形式
a．把复合词中的中心词变复数
a son-in-law→sons-in-law，a boy student→two boy students
b．当第一部分为man或woman时，两部分皆变复数
a woman doctor→two women doctors，a man doctor→three men doctors
②通常只用复数形式的名词
trousers(裤子)，jeans(牛仔裤)，clothes(衣服)，scissors(剪刀)，glasses(眼镜)，sunglasses(太阳镜)，chopsticks(筷子)
(3)可数名词的修饰词
many(许多)，a few(一些；几个)，few(几乎没有)，several(几个)，a number of(许多)，a couple of(一对；几个)，how many(多少)，too many(太多)
(1)不可数名词的量化
不可数名词表示数量时，用“数词或冠词＋计量名词＋of ＋不可数名词”表示。不可数名词无复数形式，如果变复数，只变计量名词。
a piece of paper一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
a glass of milk一杯牛奶
four glasses of milk四杯牛奶
考法2 不可数名词
(2)不可数名词的修饰词
much(许多)，a little(一点儿)，little(几乎没有)，how much(多少)，too much(太多)，a bit of(一点儿)，a great/good deal of(很多)，a large amount of(大量的)
考法3 有少数名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义上有所不同
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
work 著作 工作 chicken 鸡 鸡肉
time 次数，倍数 时间 orange 橙子，橘子 橙汁
paper 试卷 纸 light 电灯 光
room 房间 空间 experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯；眼镜 玻璃 exercise 练习 锻炼
fruit 水果(种类) 水果(总称) life 生命 生活
名词的格
类型 构成 示例
's所有格 有生命的单数名词 在词尾加's the girl's father 女孩的父亲
表示时间、国家、距离等名词 在词尾加's today's newspaper今天的报纸
China's development 中国的发展
类型 构成 示例
's所
有格 复数名词 以s结尾加' two hours' walk (步行)两个小时的路程
不以s结尾加's Children's books儿童书籍
各自拥有 分别在每个名词后加's Mary's and Helen's room玛丽的房间和海伦的房间
共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加's Mary and Helen's room玛丽和海伦的房间
“名词＋'s”可以表示“某人家”“店铺”“诊所”等处所 at Mr Green's 在格林先生家
at the dentist's 在牙医的诊所
类型 构成 示例
of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 a map of China 一幅中国地图
the door of the room 房间的门
双重所有格 of＋'s所有格 a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
of＋名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
【注意】 双重所有格和of所有格的区别
a photo of Mary一张玛丽的照片(照片上的人是玛丽本人)
a photo of Mary's一张玛丽的照片(照片是玛丽的，但是照片上的人不一定是玛丽)
influence umbrella winner waste achievement education nature habit hero stomach
1．(2024·泰安模拟)Do you think watching short videos is a ________ of time
waste [句意：你认为看短视频是在浪费时间吗？根据“watching short videos is a... of time”可知，此处指的是a waste of time“浪费时间”，故填waste。]
waste
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Students learn the basic knowledge from biology that cows have four ________．
stomachs [句意：学生们从生物学中学习奶牛有四个胃的基本知识。stomach“胃”，four修饰可数名词复数，故填stomachs。]
stomachs
3．Social media have great ________ on the way young people communicate．
influence [句意：社交媒体对年轻人的交流方式有很大影响。influence“影响”，不可数名词，此处用have great influence on sb．表示“对某人有很大影响”。故填influence。]
influence
4．At present，Chinese scientists have made great ____________ in the field of space．
achievements [句意：目前，中国科学家在太空领域已经取得了巨大成就。achievement“成就”，此处为可数名词。名词应用复数形式，故填achievements。]
achievements
5．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)China plans to pay more attention to scientific ________ in its primary and middle schools．
education [句意：中国计划更加注重基础教育中的科技教育。scientific education“科技教育”，故填education。]
education
6．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)South China often rains so you should take an ________ with you when you go out．
umbrella [句意：中国南方经常下雨，所以你出去的时候应该带把伞。根据“South China often rains so you should take an”，可知是umbrella“伞”，设空处前有不定冠词an，故填umbrella。]
umbrella
7．Students should form good ______ of previewing before class and reviewing after class．
habits [句意：学生应该养成课前预习和课后复习的好习惯。根据中文提示可知，对应的是habit，此处应用名词复数。故填habits。]
habits
winners [句意：比赛结束后，六位幸运的获胜者每人将获得一辆自行车。根据中文提示，获胜者用winner表示，这里表示6个获胜者，winner是可数名词，故用其复数形式winners，故填winners。]
8．(2024·泰安一模)The six lucky ________ will each get a bike after the race．
winners
9．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Climbing mountains is a good way to get close to ________．
nature [句意：爬山是接近大自然的一种好方式。根据get close to...可知，接近大自然应填nature。]
nature
10．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Qi Jiguang is one of our national ________ who should be remembered forever．
heroes [句意：戚继光是应该永远被铭记的民族英雄之一。根据“one of our national...”可知，我们的民族英雄之一，故应填 heroes。]
heroes
课时规范训练(二十六)
考查范围：专题1 名词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据首字母或汉语提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．As the saying goes，“A good ________ (开端) is half done．”
beginning [句意：正如谚语所说，“良好的开端是成功的一半。”根据“A good一个好的”可知，此处要填一个名词。表达“开端”用名词beginning。故填beginning。]
beginning
2．(2024·宿迁中考)At weekends，libraries are always full of young ________ (读者)．
readers [句意：在周末，图书馆里总是挤满了年轻的读者。reader“读者”，根据“libraries are always full of young...”可知，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式。故填readers。]
readers
3．(2024·宿迁中考)—Xiao Wen，I heard you went to Harbin the other day．Did you enjoy yourself there
—Of course．I like the Ice and Snow World and its high l_____of service．
level [句意：——小文，我听说你前几天去哈尔滨了。你在那里玩得开心吗？——当然。我喜欢冰雪大世界和它的高水平服务。根据“I like the Ice and Snow World and its high... of service．”可知，喜欢冰雪大世界和它的高水平服务，level“水平”符合语境。故填(l)evel。]
evel
4．(2024·日照中考)My grandma loved all her grandchildren，but I was her _______________ (最爱)．
favourite/favorite [句意：我奶奶爱她所有的孙子孙女，但我是她最爱的。favourite/favorite“最爱”，名词，此处“最爱”指“我”，因此用单数。故填favourite/favorite。]
favourite/favorite
5．(2024·江苏苏州二模)Many traffic accidents happened because of ________ (司机) careless driving or taking no notice of traffic rules．
drivers' [句意：许多交通事故的发生是因为司机粗心大意或不注意交通规则。由所给的汉语提示可知，“司机”译成：driver，此处需用复数的名词所有格。故填drivers'。]
drivers'
6．(2024·日照中考)The police often have to make a quick d________ on how to act．
decision [句意：警方常常必须迅速决定如何采取行动。根据“make a quick”以及首字母提示，可知，此处指“做出决定”，decision“决定”符合语境，由“a”可知填单数名词。故填(d)ecision。]
ecision
7．(2024·日照中考)Check for spelling ________ (错误) before turning in your papers．
mistakes [句意：在交论文之前检查拼写错误。由中文提示“错误”可知，mistake符合句意，且空处要用名词复数形式mistakes表泛指。故填mistakes。]
mistakes
8．(2024·济宁中考)—Could you please tell me your email a________？
—Of course．Mary@163．com．
address [句意：——你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？——当然。Mary@163．com。根据“Could you please tell me your email ...”和“Mary@163．com．”可知，此处询问“邮件地址”，email address“邮件地址”。故填(a)ddress。]
ddress
9．(2024·安徽安庆三模)The Great Wall is one of the cultural ________(奇迹) in the world．
wonders [句意：长城是世界文化奇迹之一。wonder“奇迹”，名词；one of＋the＋名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填(w)onders。]
wonders
10．(2024·安徽合肥三模)Everyone is fighting for the ______ (荣誉) of his country in the football match．
honor [句意：在足球比赛中，每个人都在为祖国的荣誉而战。honor“荣誉”，名词。故填(h)onor。]
honor
二、选词填空(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
choice courage danger decision energy importance memory sense success wolf
1．(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)I don't have enough money，so I have to make a _______ between the two books．
choice [句意：我没有足够的钱，所以我不得不在这两本书中做出选择。根据“I don't have enough money，so I have to make a ________ between the two books．”可知，钱不够，需要在两本书中做出选择。不定冠词a后跟名词单数choice“选择”。故填choice。]
choice
2．(2024·泰安高新区模拟)We've experienced lots of difficulties and had many sweet ________ during the past four years．
memories [句意：在过去的四年里，我们经历了很多困难，也有很多美好的回忆。many后加可数名词复数memories“回忆”。故填memories。]
memories
3．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)My mother has a poor _____ of direction，so she always gets lost．
sense [句意：我的妈妈方向感很差，所以她总是迷路。根据“so she always gets lost”可知，空处应表达方向感很差，a sense of direction“方向感”，空处应填sense“感觉”。故填sense。]
sense
4．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)From the football game yesterday，I did deeply feel the __________ of team work．
importance [句意：从昨天的足球比赛中，我深刻体会到了团队合作的重要性。根据“the ________ of team work”可知，应表达团队合作的重要性，the importance of“……的重要性”。故填importance。]
importance
5．(2024·泰安东岳中学模拟)In a minute，the farmers came only to find there were no ______ at all．
wolves [句意：过了一会儿，农民们来了，却发现根本没有狼。wolf“狼”，名词，由“were”可知应用名词复数形式。故填wolves。]
wolves
6．(2024·泰安东平模拟)—Look! That boy is shouting for help in the river．
—Oh，he must be in ________ now! Li Yong and I will go to save him．Wang Lin，go to the shop over there and ask those adults for help．
danger [句意：——看！那个男孩在河里大声呼救。——哎呀，他现在一定很危险！李勇和我去救他。王林，你去那边的商店找那些大人帮忙。空格位于介词in后，应用名词形式，“危险”的名词是danger，be in danger为固定搭配，意为“处于危险中”。故填danger。]
danger
7．(2024·泰安一模)You should learn to make your own ________．Don't let others influence your decision．
decision [句意：你应该学着自己做决定。不要让其他人影响你的决定。由后一句中influence your decision “影响你的决定”，可知前面也是做决定，因此 make your own decision意为“自己做决定”。故填decision。]
decision
8．My brother always shows great ________ in the face of difficulties．
courage [句意：我哥哥总是在面临困难的时候展现出巨大的勇气。由in the face of difficulties “面临困难”可知，应表达展现勇气。故填courage。]
courage
9．(2024·泰安一模)He is a boy with much _______ He never feels tired．
energy [句意：他是一个充满能量的男孩。他从来不觉得累。由后一句可知，充满能量、精力。故填energy。]
energy
10．Failure is the mother of ________．
success [句意：失败是成功之母。空格位于介词of后，需填名词。故填success。]
success
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Summer，winter and fall may have their fans，but spring is clearly the most lovable of the four 1 ．Here are some scientific reasons why spring is great．
Spring marks the 2 of a cold winter．In many places，the temperature in this season is about 15 to 21℃．People tend to be most comfortable at temperatures around 22℃， so the arrival of spring means people can finally 3 their heavy winter clothes and still be comfortable．
Following the spring equinox (春分)，days begin lasting longer and nights shorter， 4 means people have more daylight hours to get things done．Research has shown that those extra hours of sun can be an important mood-booster (心情助推器)．The longer the sun is up during the day，the less 5 people feel．
In addition，many animals move south during the winter．Then they move back north as temperatures 6 ．For northern areas，there's no better sign of spring than birdsong outside the window．Birds can start flying north as early as mid-February and it lasts into June．It means that throughout the spring，people can 7 to see lots of birds．And seeing more birds can make people happier．A UK study has found that the more birds people see in their neighborhoods，the better their mental (心理) 8 is．
Warmer temperatures mean people can spend more time outdoors .… 9 freezing．Across the seasons，research has found that taking walks in nature slows people's heart rate (心率) and makes them more 10 ．Spending 30 minutes or more outside in warm，sunny spring weather will put people in a cheerful mood．People can also have better memories．
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一年四季各有特点，都受到人们的欢迎，但是春天却是人们最喜爱的季节，本文从科学角度分析了人们喜欢春天的原因。
√
1．A．terms B．months C．seasons
C [句意：夏天、冬天和秋天可能有他们的粉丝，但春天显然是四个季节中最可爱的。terms学期；months月；seasons季节。根据“Summer，winter and fall...spring...”可知，这是在说四季。故选C。]
√
2．A．beginning B．end C．finish
B [句意：春天标志着寒冬的结束。beginning开始；end结束；finish完成。根据常识可知，冬天结束了便到了春天。故选B。]
√
3．A．take off B．put on C．take up
A [句意：人们在22度左右的温度下最舒服，所以春天的到来意味着人们终于可以脱下他们厚重的冬装，并且感到非常舒适。take off脱下；put on穿上；take up占据。根据“People tend to be most comfortable at temperatures around 22℃”可知，春天气温回升，应该脱下冬装。故选A。]
√
4．A．when B．where C．which
C [句意：春分之后，白天开始变长，夜晚开始变短，这意味着人们有更多的白天时间来做事情。when当……时；where哪里；which哪个。分析句子可知，这里应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。故选C。]
√
5．A．blue B．white C．red
A [句意：白天太阳升起的时间越长，人们感到的忧郁就越少。blue蓝色的，忧郁的；white白色的；red红色的。根据上文“Research has shown that those extra hours of sun can be an important mood-booster (心情助推器)．”可知，太阳是心情助推器，由此可推断白天太阳升起的时间越长，人们忧郁的时间就越少。故选A。]
√
6．A．high B．rise C．raise
B [句意：然后随着气温的升高它们迁回北方。high高；rise上升；raise增加。根据前文“many animals move south during the winter”可知，动物在冬季南迁，当温度升高时，它们会回到北方，表示温度上升应该用rise。故选B。]
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7．A．expect B．dare C．decide
A [句意：这意味着在经过春天，人们预期会看到大量的鸟儿。expect预期；dare敢；decide决定。根据前文“Birds can start flying north as early as mid-February and it lasts into June．”可知，鸟儿迁徙的时间很长，会历经整个春天，expect表示认为某事会发生。故选A。]
√
8．A．problem B．condition C．ability
B [句意：英国的一项研究发现，人们在附近看到的鸟儿越多，他们的心理状况就会越好。problem问题；condition状况；ability能力。根据“And seeing more birds can make people happier．”可知，人们看到鸟儿心情会变好，所以心理状况会更好。故选B。]
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9．A．with B．by C．without
C [句意：温暖的气温意味着人们可以在户外度过更多的时间而不会受冻。with有；by通过；without没有。根据“Warmer temperatures”可知，气温回升不会受冻，without表示否定符合语境。故选C。]
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10．A．excited B．relaxed C．tired
B [句意：研究发现，一年四季，在大自然中散步可以减缓人的心率，使人更放松。excited兴奋的；relaxed放松的；tired疲惫的。根据“taking walks in nature slows people's heart rate”可知，降低心率可以让人们更加放松。故选B。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·河南许昌二模)
lead of begin important clear age feeling perform traditional they
In Henan，there is a popular opera—Yu Opera．It is one 1．___ the five main opera kinds in China．Yu Opera is welcome in Henan and other places such as Shandong and Hebei．
Yu Opera was born at the end of the Ming Dynasty (朝代) and the 2．________ of the Qing Dynasty in Henan．After 1911，Yu Opera was 3．__________ in famous teahouses in the cities．Later，there were troupes (剧团) of Yu Opera in China．So，a large number of new operas were created．They 4．___Yu Opera to a new level．
of
beginning
performed
led
Tunes (曲调) are 5．_________ to Yu Opera．The rising and falling voices and strong 6．_______ make Yu Opera well-known．The four main tunes of Yu Opera include Xiangfu Tune，Yudong Tune，Yuxi Tune and Shahe Tune．
In 7．_________ Yu Opera，lots of bright colors are used．8．_____ help to show the personalities (性格) of the characters．Yu Opera has a long color culture which shows special beauty and a cultural idea．
important
feelings
traditional
They
Besides colors，materials can also 9．________ show the personalities of the characters．The clothes show the 10．____， social position and thought of the character，so different characters dress differently．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了豫剧的发展。
clearly
age
1．of [句意：它是中国五大戏曲剧种之一。one of ＋adj．＋名词复数，表示“……的其中之一”，故用介词of。故填of。]
2．beginning [句意：豫剧诞生于明末清初的河南。根据“...at the end of the Ming Dynasty (朝代) and the...of the Qing Dynasty”可知，它诞生于明末清初，空处指“开始”，备选词“begin”符合，此处需名词beginning。故填beginning。]
3．performed [句意：1911年以后，豫剧开始在各大城市著名的茶馆演出。根据“...in famous teahouses in the cities．”可知，空处指“被表演”，备选词“perform表演”符合。主语为Yu Opera，与谓语动词之间是被动关系，was已给出，perform的过去分词为performed。故填performed。]
4．led [句意：他们把豫剧推向一个新的水平。根据“...Yu Opera to a new level．”可知，空处指“引导，推动”，备选词“lead”符合，因回忆豫剧的历史，故时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填led。]
5．important [句意：曲调对豫剧很重要。根据“The rising and falling voices and strong...make Yu Opera well-known．”可知，曲调对豫剧很重要。be important to sth．表示“对……很重要”。故填important。]
6．feelings [句意：豫剧的起伏声势和强劲的情感使豫剧闻名于世。根据“The rising and falling voices and strong...”可知，空处指强劲的“情感”，需名词feeling，需表达的情感有很多，故需名词复数。故填feelings。]
7．traditional [句意：在传统豫剧中，使用了许多明亮的颜色。根据“...Yu Opera，lots of bright colors are used．”和备选词汇可知，空处指“传统的”，需用形容词traditional。故填traditional。]
8．They [句意：他们帮助展示人物的个性。根据分析句子成分可知，空处缺主语，需用代词They来代替前一句中的colors。故填They。]
9．clearly [句意：除了颜色之外，材料也能清楚地展现人物的性格。根据“materials can also...show the personalities of the characters”可知，材料清楚地展现人物性格，空处需用副词“清楚地”，备选词“clear清楚的”符合，其副词为clearly，修饰动词show。故填clearly。]
10．age [句意：服饰展示了年龄、人物的社会地位和思想，所以不同人物的服饰不同。根据“social position and thought of the character，”和备选词汇可知，空处指服饰展示了“年龄”，需用名词age。故填age。]专题1 名词
砥志研思·语法点摸脉络
练多维
1．waste [句意：你认为看短视频是在浪费时间吗？根据“watching short videos is a．．．of time”可知，此处指的是a waste of time“浪费时间”，故填waste。]
2．stomachs [句意：学生们从生物学中学习奶牛有四个胃的基本知识。stomach“胃”，four修饰可数名词复数，故填stomachs。]
3．influence [句意：社交媒体对年轻人的交流方式有很大影响。influence“影响”，不可数名词，此处用have great influence on sb．表示“对某人有很大影响”。故填influence。]
4．achievements [句意：目前，中国科学家在太空领域已经取得了巨大成就。achievement“成就”，此处为可数名词。名词应用复数形式，故填achievements。]
5．education [句意：中国计划更加注重基础教育中的科技教育。scientific education“科技教育”，故填education。]
6．umbrella [句意：中国南方经常下雨，所以你出去的时候应该带把伞。根据“South China often rains so you should take an”，可知是umbrella“伞”，设空处前有不定冠词an，故填umbrella。]
7．habits [句意：学生应该养成课前预习和课后复习的好习惯。根据中文提示可知，对应的是habit，此处应用名词复数。故填habits。]
8．winners [句意：比赛结束后，六位幸运的获胜者每人将获得一辆自行车。根据中文提示，获胜者用winner表示，这里表示6个获胜者，winner是可数名词，故用其复数形式winners，故填winners。]
9．nature [句意：爬山是接近大自然的一种好方式。根据get close to ...可知，接近大自然应填nature。]
10．heroes [句意：戚继光是应该永远被铭记的民族英雄之一。根据“one of our national ...”可知，我们的民族英雄之一，故填 heroes。]考法1 可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式的变化有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。
(1)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s chair→chairs toy→toys
以s，x，ch， sh结尾的词 加-es bus→buses watch→watches
以辅音字母 加y结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es city→cities factory→factories
以o结尾的词 有生命的词，加-es tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes hero→heroes
以f或fe 结尾的词 变f/fe 为v，再加-es leaf→leaves knife→knives
加-s roof→roofs belief→beliefs
(2)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
变内部元音字母或字母组合 变a为e man→men woman→women
变oo为ee foot→feet tooth→teeth goose→geese
单复数同形 sheep→sheep deer→deer
某国人：中日不变，英法变，其余-s加后面 Chinese→Chinese Frenchman→Frenchmen German→Germans
其他形式 mouse→mice ox→oxen child→children
【注意】
①复合名词的复数形式
a．把复合词中的中心词变复数
a son-in-law→sons-in-law，a boy student→two boy students
b．当第一部分为man或woman时，两部分皆变复数
a woman doctor→two women doctors，a man doctor→three men doctors
②通常只用复数形式的名词
trousers(裤子)，jeans(牛仔裤)，clothes(衣服)，scissors(剪刀)，glasses(眼镜)，sunglasses(太阳镜)，chopsticks(筷子)
(3)可数名词的修饰词
many(许多)，a few(一些；几个)，few(几乎没有)，several(几个)，a number of(许多)，a couple of(一对；几个)，how many(多少)，too many(太多)
考法2 不可数名词
(1)不可数名词的量化
不可数名词表示数量时，用“数词或冠词＋计量名词＋of ＋不可数名词”表示。不可数名词无复数形式，如果变复数，只变计量名词。
a piece of paper一张纸
two pieces of paper 两张纸
a glass of milk一杯牛奶
four glasses of milk四杯牛奶
(2)不可数名词的修饰词
much(许多)，a little(一点儿)，little(几乎没有)，how much(多少)，too much(太多)，a bit of(一点儿)，a great/good deal of(很多)，a large amount of(大量的)
考法3 有少数名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义上有所不同
名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数
work 著作 工作 chicken 鸡 鸡肉
time 次数，倍数 时间 orange 橙子，橘子 橙汁
paper 试卷 纸 light 电灯 光
room 房间 空间 experience 经历 经验
glass 玻璃杯；眼镜 玻璃 exercise 练习 锻炼
fruit 水果(种类) 水果(总称) life 生命 生活
名词的格
名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，一般有's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。
类型 构成 示例
's所有格 有生命的单数名词 在词尾加's the girl's father 女孩的父亲
表示时间、国家、距离等名词 在词尾加's today's newspaper今天的报纸 China's development 中国的发展
's所 有格 复数名词 以s结尾加' two hours' walk (步行)两个小时的路程
不以s结尾加's Children's books儿童书籍
各自拥有 分别在每个名词后加's Mary's and Helen's room玛丽的房间和海伦的房间
共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加's Mary and Helen's room玛丽和海伦的房间
“名词＋'s”可以表示“某人家”“店铺”“诊所”等处所 at Mr Green's 在格林先生家 at the dentist's 在牙医的诊所
of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the door of the room 房间的门
双重所有格 of＋'s所有格 a friend of my father's 我父亲的一个朋友
of＋名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
【注意】 双重所有格和of所有格的区别
a photo of Mary一张玛丽的照片(照片上的人是玛丽本人)
a photo of Mary's一张玛丽的照片(照片是玛丽的，但是照片上的人不一定是玛丽)
influence umbrella winner waste achievement education nature habit hero stomach
1．(2024·泰安模拟)Do you think watching short videos is a of time
waste [句意：你认为看短视频是在浪费时间吗？根据“watching short videos is a．．．of time”可知，此处指的是a waste of time“浪费时间”，故填waste。]
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Students learn the basic knowledge from biology that cows have four ．
stomachs [句意：学生们从生物学中学习奶牛有四个胃的基本知识。stomach“胃”，four修饰可数名词复数，故填stomachs。]
3．Social media have great on the way young people communicate．
influence [句意：社交媒体对年轻人的交流方式有很大影响。influence“影响”，不可数名词，此处用have great influence on sb．表示“对某人有很大影响”。故填influence。]
4．At present，Chinese scientists have made great in the field of space．
achievements [句意：目前，中国科学家在太空领域已经取得了巨大成就。achievement“成就”，此处为可数名词。名词应用复数形式，故填achievements。]
5．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)China plans to pay more attention to scientific in its primary and middle schools．
education [句意：中国计划更加注重基础教育中的科技教育。scientific education“科技教育”，故填education。]
6．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)South China often rains so you should take an with you when you go out．
umbrella [句意：中国南方经常下雨，所以你出去的时候应该带把伞。根据“South China often rains so you should take an”，可知是umbrella“伞”，设空处前有不定冠词an，故填umbrella。]
7．Students should form good of previewing before class and reviewing after class．
habits [句意：学生应该养成课前预习和课后复习的好习惯。根据中文提示可知，对应的是habit，此处应用名词复数。故填habits。]
8．(2024·泰安一模)The six lucky will each get a bike after the race．
winners [句意：比赛结束后，六位幸运的获胜者每人将获得一辆自行车。根据中文提示，获胜者用winner表示，这里表示6个获胜者，winner是可数名词，故用其复数形式winners，故填winners。]
9．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Climbing mountains is a good way to get close to ．
nature [句意：爬山是接近大自然的一种好方式。根据get close to．．．可知，接近大自然应填nature。]
10．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Qi Jiguang is one of our national who should be remembered forever．
heroes [句意：戚继光是应该永远被铭记的民族英雄之一。根据“one of our national．．．”可知，我们的民族英雄之一，故应填 heroes。]
课时规范训练(二十六)
考查范围：专题1 名词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据首字母或汉语提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．As the saying goes，“A good (开端) is half done．”
beginning [句意：正如谚语所说，“良好的开端是成功的一半。”根据“A good一个好的”可知，此处要填一个名词。表达“开端”用名词beginning。故填beginning。]
2．(2024·宿迁中考)At weekends，libraries are always full of young (读者)．
readers [句意：在周末，图书馆里总是挤满了年轻的读者。reader“读者”，根据“libraries are always full of young...”可知，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式。故填readers。]
3．(2024·宿迁中考)—Xiao Wen，I heard you went to Harbin the other day．Did you enjoy yourself there
—Of course．I like the Ice and Snow World and its high l of service．
level [句意：——小文，我听说你前几天去哈尔滨了。你在那里玩得开心吗？——当然。我喜欢冰雪大世界和它的高水平服务。根据“I like the Ice and Snow World and its high．．．of service．”可知，喜欢冰雪大世界和它的高水平服务，level“水平”符合语境。故填(l)evel。]
4．(2024·日照中考)My grandma loved all her grandchildren，but I was her
(最爱)．
favourite/favorite [句意：我奶奶爱她所有的孙子孙女，但我是她最爱的。favourite/favorite“最爱”，名词，此处“最爱”指“我”，因此用单数。故填favourite/favorite。]
5．(2024·江苏苏州二模)Many traffic accidents happened because of (司机) careless driving or taking no notice of traffic rules．
drivers' [句意：许多交通事故的发生是因为司机粗心大意或不注意交通规则。由所给的汉语提示可知，“司机”译成：driver，此处需用复数的名词所有格。故填drivers'。]
6．(2024·日照中考)The police often have to make a quick d on how to act．
decision [句意：警方常常必须迅速决定如何采取行动。根据“make a quick”以及首字母提示，可知，此处指“做出决定”，decision“决定”符合语境，由“a”可知填单数名词。故填(d)ecision。]
7．(2024·日照中考)Check for spelling (错误) before turning in your papers．
mistakes [句意：在交论文之前检查拼写错误。由中文提示“错误”可知，mistake符合句意，且空处要用名词复数形式mistakes表泛指。故填mistakes。]
8．(2024·济宁中考)—Could you please tell me your email a ？
—Of course．Mary@163．com．
address [句意：——你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？——当然。Mary@163．com。根据“Could you please tell me your email．．．”和“Mary@163．com．”可知，此处询问“邮件地址”，email address“邮件地址”。故填(a)ddress。]
9．(2024·安徽安庆三模)The Great Wall is one of the cultural (奇迹) in the world．
wonders [句意：长城是世界文化奇迹之一。wonder“奇迹”，名词；one of＋the＋名词复数，意为“……之一”。故填(w)onders。]
10．(2024·安徽合肥三模)Everyone is fighting for the (荣誉) of his country in the football match．
honor [句意：在足球比赛中，每个人都在为祖国的荣誉而战。honor“荣誉”，名词。故填(h)onor。]
二、选词填空(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
choice courage danger decision energy importance memory sense success wolf
1．(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)I don't have enough money，so I have to make a
between the two books．
choice [句意：我没有足够的钱，所以我不得不在这两本书中做出选择。根据“I don't have enough money，so I have to make a between the two books．”可知，钱不够，需要在两本书中做出选择。不定冠词a后跟名词单数choice“选择”。故填choice。]
2．(2024·泰安高新区模拟)We've experienced lots of difficulties and had many sweet during the past four years．
memories [句意：在过去的四年里，我们经历了很多困难，也有很多美好的回忆。many后加可数名词复数memories“回忆”。故填memories。]
3．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)My mother has a poor of direction，so she always gets lost．
sense [句意：我的妈妈方向感很差，所以她总是迷路。根据“so she always gets lost”可知，空处应表达方向感很差，a sense of direction“方向感”，空处应填sense“感觉”。故填sense。]
4．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)From the football game yesterday，I did deeply feel the
of team work．
importance [句意：从昨天的足球比赛中，我深刻体会到了团队合作的重要性。根据“the of team work”可知，应表达团队合作的重要性，the importance of“……的重要性”。故填importance。]
5．(2024·泰安东岳中学模拟)In a minute，the farmers came only to find there were no at all．
wolves [句意：过了一会儿，农民们来了，却发现根本没有狼。wolf“狼”，名词，由“were”可知应用名词复数形式。故填wolves。]
6．(2024·泰安东平模拟)—Look! That boy is shouting for help in the river．
—Oh，he must be in now! Li Yong and I will go to save him．Wang Lin，go to the shop over there and ask those adults for help．
danger [句意：——看！那个男孩在河里大声呼救。——哎呀，他现在一定很危险！李勇和我去救他。王林，你去那边的商店找那些大人帮忙。空格位于介词in后，应用名词形式，“危险”的名词是danger，be in danger为固定搭配，意为“处于危险中”。故填danger。]
7．(2024·泰安一模)You should learn to make your own ．Don't let others influence your decision．
decision [句意：你应该学着自己做决定。不要让其他人影响你的决定。由后一句中influence your decision “影响你的决定”，可知前面也是做决定，因此 make your own decision意为“自己做决定”。故填decision。]
8．My brother always shows great in the face of difficulties．
courage [句意：我哥哥总是在面临困难的时候展现出巨大的勇气。由in the face of difficulties “面临困难”可知，应表达展现勇气。故填courage。]
9．(2024·泰安一模)He is a boy with much He never feels tired．
energy [句意：他是一个充满能量的男孩。他从来不觉得累。由后一句可知，充满能量、精力。故填energy。]
10．Failure is the mother of ．
success [句意：失败是成功之母。空格位于介词of后，需填名词。故填success。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Summer，winter and fall may have their fans，but spring is clearly the most lovable of the four 1 ．Here are some scientific reasons why spring is great．
Spring marks the 2 of a cold winter．In many places，the temperature in this season is about 15 to 21℃．People tend to be most comfortable at temperatures around 22℃， so the arrival of spring means people can finally 3 their heavy winter clothes and still be comfortable．
Following the spring equinox (春分)，days begin lasting longer and nights shorter， 4 means people have more daylight hours to get things done．Research has shown that those extra hours of sun can be an important mood-booster (心情助推器)．The longer the sun is up during the day，the less 5 people feel．
In addition，many animals move south during the winter．Then they move back north as temperatures 6 ．For northern areas，there's no better sign of spring than birdsong outside the window．Birds can start flying north as early as mid-February and it lasts into June．It means that throughout the spring，people can 7 to see lots of birds．And seeing more birds can make people happier．A UK study has found that the more birds people see in their neighborhoods，the better their mental (心理) 8 is．
Warmer temperatures mean people can spend more time outdoors 9 freezing．Across the seasons，research has found that taking walks in nature slows people's heart rate (心率) and makes them more 10 ．Spending 30 minutes or more outside in warm，sunny spring weather will put people in a cheerful mood．People can also have better memories．
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一年四季各有特点，都受到人们的欢迎，但是春天却是人们最喜爱的季节，本文从科学角度分析了人们喜欢春天的原因。
1．A．terms B．months C．seasons
C [句意：夏天、冬天和秋天可能有他们的粉丝，但春天显然是四个季节中最可爱的。terms学期；months月；seasons季节。根据“Summer，winter and fall...spring...”可知，这是在说四季。故选C。]
2．A．beginning B．end C．finish
B [句意：春天标志着寒冬的结束。beginning开始；end结束；finish完成。根据常识可知，冬天结束了便到了春天。故选B。]
3．A．take off B．put on C．take up
A [句意：人们在22度左右的温度下最舒服，所以春天的到来意味着人们终于可以脱下他们厚重的冬装，并且感到非常舒适。take off脱下；put on穿上；take up占据。根据“People tend to be most comfortable at temperatures around 22℃”可知，春天气温回升，应该脱下冬装。故选A。]
4．A．when B．where C．which
C [句意：春分之后，白天开始变长，夜晚开始变短，这意味着人们有更多的白天时间来做事情。when当……时；where哪里；which哪个。分析句子可知，这里应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。故选C。]
5．A．blue B．white C．red
A [句意：白天太阳升起的时间越长，人们感到的忧郁就越少。blue蓝色的，忧郁的；white白色的；red红色的。根据上文“Research has shown that those extra hours of sun can be an important mood-booster (心情助推器)．”可知，太阳是心情助推器，由此可推断白天太阳升起的时间越长，人们忧郁的时间就越少。故选A。]
6．A．high B．rise C．raise
B [句意：然后随着气温的升高它们迁回北方。high高；rise上升；raise增加。根据前文“many animals move south during the winter”可知，动物在冬季南迁，当温度升高时，它们会回到北方，表示温度上升应该用rise。故选B。]
7．A．expect B．dare C．decide
A [句意：这意味着在经过春天，人们预期会看到大量的鸟儿。expect预期；dare敢；decide决定。根据前文“Birds can start flying north as early as mid-February and it lasts into June．”可知，鸟儿迁徙的时间很长，会历经整个春天，expect表示认为某事会发生。故选A。]
8．A．problem B．condition C．ability
B [句意：英国的一项研究发现，人们在附近看到的鸟儿越多，他们的心理状况就会越好。problem问题；condition状况；ability能力。根据“And seeing more birds can make people happier．”可知，人们看到鸟儿心情会变好，所以心理状况会更好。故选B。]
9．A．with B．by C．without
C [句意：温暖的气温意味着人们可以在户外度过更多的时间而不会受冻。with有；by通过；without没有。根据“Warmer temperatures”可知，气温回升不会受冻，without表示否定符合语境。故选C。]
10．A．excited B．relaxed C．tired
B [句意：研究发现，一年四季，在大自然中散步可以减缓人的心率，使人更放松。excited兴奋的；relaxed放松的；tired疲惫的。根据“taking walks in nature slows people's heart rate”可知，降低心率可以让人们更加放松。故选B。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·河南许昌二模)
lead of begin important clear age feeling perform traditional they
In Henan，there is a popular opera—Yu Opera．It is one 1． the five main opera kinds in China．Yu Opera is welcome in Henan and other places such as Shandong and Hebei．
Yu Opera was born at the end of the Ming Dynasty (朝代) and the 2． of the Qing Dynasty in Henan．After 1911，Yu Opera was 3． in famous teahouses in the cities．Later，there were troupes (剧团) of Yu Opera in China．So，a large number of new operas were created．They 4． Yu Opera to a new level．
Tunes (曲调) are 5． to Yu Opera．The rising and falling voices and strong 6． make Yu Opera well-known．The four main tunes of Yu Opera include Xiangfu Tune，Yudong Tune，Yuxi Tune and Shahe Tune．
In 7． Yu Opera，lots of bright colors are used．8． help to show the personalities (性格) of the characters．Yu Opera has a long color culture which shows special beauty and a cultural idea．
Besides colors，materials can also 9． show the personalities of the characters．The clothes show the 10． ， social position and thought of the character，so different characters dress differently．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了豫剧的发展。
1．of [句意：它是中国五大戏曲剧种之一。one of ＋adj．＋名词复数，表示“……的其中之一”，故用介词of。故填of。]
2．beginning [句意：豫剧诞生于明末清初的河南。根据“...at the end of the Ming Dynasty (朝代) and the...of the Qing Dynasty”可知，它诞生于明末清初，空处指“开始”，备选词“begin”符合，此处需名词beginning。故填beginning。]
3．performed [句意：1911年以后，豫剧开始在各大城市著名的茶馆演出。根据“...in famous teahouses in the cities．”可知，空处指“被表演”，备选词“perform表演”符合。主语为Yu Opera，与谓语动词之间是被动关系，was已给出，perform的过去分词为performed。故填performed。]
4．led [句意：他们把豫剧推向一个新的水平。根据“...Yu Opera to a new level．”可知，空处指“引导，推动”，备选词“lead”符合，因回忆豫剧的历史，故时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填led。]
5．important [句意：曲调对豫剧很重要。根据“The rising and falling voices and strong...make Yu Opera well-known．”可知，曲调对豫剧很重要。be important to sth．表示“对……很重要”。故填important。]
6．feelings [句意：豫剧的起伏声势和强劲的情感使豫剧闻名于世。根据“The rising and falling voices and strong...”可知，空处指强劲的“情感”，需名词feeling，需表达的情感有很多，故需名词复数。故填feelings。]
7．traditional [句意：在传统豫剧中，使用了许多明亮的颜色。根据“...Yu Opera，lots of bright colors are used．”和备选词汇可知，空处指“传统的”，需用形容词traditional。故填traditional。]
8．They [句意：他们帮助展示人物的个性。根据分析句子成分可知，空处缺主语，需用代词They来代替前一句中的colors。故填They。]
9．clearly [句意：除了颜色之外，材料也能清楚地展现人物的性格。根据“materials can also...show the personalities of the characters”可知，材料清楚地展现人物性格，空处需用副词“清楚地”，备选词“clear清楚的”符合，其副词为clearly，修饰动词show。故填clearly。]
10．age [句意：服饰展示了年龄、人物的社会地位和思想，所以不同人物的服饰不同。根据“social position and thought of the character，”和备选词汇可知，空处指服饰展示了“年龄”，需用名词age。故填age。]
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