(共81张PPT)
专题6 形容词和副词
语法导航 知识点构主干
砥志研思 语法点摸脉络
形容词的用法
考点一 形容词
用法 例句
作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后 This is a very useful dictionary．这是一个有用的字典。
作表语，放在系动词之后 You look very happy today．你今天看起来很高兴。
作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make，keep，find 等连用 Don't keep the window open．不要总是让窗户开着。
形容词的构词法
考法1 名词变形容词
构词法 例词
n．＋y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky
n．＋ly week→weekly，year→yearly
n．＋ern east→eastern，south→southern
n．＋en wood→wooden，gold→golden
n．＋able value→valuable，fashion→fashionable
构词法 例词
n．＋n/ese America→American，China→Chinese
n．＋ful help→helpful，peace→peaceful
n．＋ous danger→dangerous，humor→humorous
n．＋al nation→national，nature→natural
ce变成t difference→different，importance→important
其他 science→scientific，energy→energetic，society→social，day→daily，pride→proud，pleasure→pleasant
考法2 动词变形容词
构词法 例词
v．＋able comfort→comfortable，enjoy→enjoyable
v．＋ive act→active，create→creative
v．＋ing interest→interesting，excite→exciting
v．＋ed relax→relaxed，move→moved
v．(y变i)＋ed marry→married，worry→worried
前缀a＋v． live→alive，sleep→asleep
考法3 形容词变其反义词
构词法 例词
前缀un- usual→unusual，fair→unfair
前缀im- polite→impolite，possible→impossible
前缀in- expensive→inexpensive，active→inactive
前缀dis- honest→dishonest
后缀-less careful→careless，hopeful→hopeless
考点二 副词
副词的用法
副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，在句中常作状语。
用法 例句
副词放在形容词或副词之前 Those questions are very easy．这些问题很简单。
副词放在动词之后 Look at the blackboard carefully．仔细看黑板。
副词修饰整个句子时，一般放在句首 Luckily，they found the lost boy at last．幸运的是，他们最后找到了丢失的男孩。
形容词变副词的规则
规则 例词
一般情况加-ly main→mainly，strong→strongly
辅音字母＋y结尾的，变y为i，再加-ly lucky→luckily，happy→happily
以le结尾的，去“e”加 -y possible→possibly，terrible→terribly
特殊变化 true→truly，good→well
【注意】 (1)有些单词本身既是形容词也是副词，常见的有：early，fast，high，late，low，far，enough，only，just等。
(2)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，常见的有：daily，friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely等。
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词有三种比较等级，即：原级，也就是原形；比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”，用于两者之间比较；最高级，表示“最……”，用于三者或三者以上的比较。
形容词、副词比较级的变化规则
考法1 规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加-er，-est short shorter shortest
以不发音字母e结尾的加-r，-st nice
late nicer
later nicest
latest
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y变为i，再加-er，-est busy
early busier
earlier busiest
earliest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
以重读闭音节结尾的，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加
-er，-est fat
big
red
hot fatter
bigger
redder
hotter fattest
biggest
reddest
hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词前加more，most Careful
Popular
quickly more careful
more popular
more quickly most careful
most popular
most quickly
考法2 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
形容词、副词原级的用法
用法 例句
被程度副词very，so，quite，too，pretty修饰时 This box is too heavy．这个箱子太重了。
“as＋原级＋as”表示和……一样…… He speaks English as well as you．他说英语和你一样好。
“not as/so＋adj．/adv．原级＋as” 表示“不如……” He doesn't write as carefully as his sister．
他写字不如他妹妹细心。
形容词、副词比较级的用法
用法 例句
句中有than，用比较级 My best friend is quieter than me．我的好朋友比我文静。
表示两者之间的选择，用比较级 Who runs faster，Lucy or Lily？谁跑得更快，露西还是莉莉？
“比较级＋and＋比较级” 表示
“越来越……” The weather is getting cooler and cooler．天气变得越来越凉爽。
用法 例句
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级” 表示“越……就越……” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make．你越细心，犯错就会越少。
表示程度的副词much，even，
far，a little，a bit，a lot可以修饰比较级，表示程度更深 Light travels much faster than sound．光的传播速度比声音快得多。
形容词、副词最高级的用法
用法 例句
“the＋最高级＋in/of＋范围”表示“……中最……” The picture is the best of all．这幅画是所有画中最好的。
在三者或以上比较时，用最高级 Who is the tallest，John，Jack or Tom？谁最高，约翰、杰克还是汤姆？
用法 例句
“one of ＋the＋adj．最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……之一” The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions．灯泡是最有用的发明之一。
“the＋序数词＋ adj．最高级＋可数名词单数”表示“第几最……” Hainan Island is the second largest island in China．海南岛是中国第二大岛。
【注意】 特殊的形容词比较级结构表示最高级的含义。
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词或比较级＋than＋the other＋复数名词可以表示最高级的含义。
He is taller than any other boy in our class．
＝He is taller than the other boys in our class．
＝He is the tallest boy in our class．
1．As far as we know，the Sahara is the b________ desert in the world．
biggest [句意：据我们所知，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。根据常识，此处指“最大的”。故填(b)iggest。]
iggest
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)In October，2023，Chinese writer Hai Ya hit the headlines when The Space-Time Painter (《时空画家》) won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette (最佳短中篇小说奖)____________ (成功)．
successfully [句意：2023年10月，中国作家海涯因《时空画家》成功获得雨果奖最佳中篇小说而登上头条。此处用副词修饰动词，“成功”译为successfully。故填successfully。]
successfully
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)I almost missed the bus this morning．L________， the driver waited for a while．
Luckily [句意：今天早上我差点没赶上公共汽车。幸运的是，司机等了一会儿。根据“I almost missed the bus this morning．L________， the driver waited for a while．”可知，差点没赶上，所以司机等了一会是幸运的，用副词luckily修饰整个句子，故填(L)uckily。]
uckily
4．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)The movie we saw last night is not e________． It is a little boring．
exciting [句意：我们昨晚看的电影并不刺激。有点无聊。根据“The movie we saw last night is not e________．It is a little boring．”可知，电影是无聊的，所以不刺激，exciting“刺激的”，在句中作表语。故填(e)xciting。]
xciting
5．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)It is better for us to speak to old people p________ in public places．
politely [句意：在公共场所，我们最好礼貌地和老人说话。根据“It is better for us to speak to old people p________ in public places．”可知，在公共场合，要礼貌地和老人说话，修饰动词用副词politely“礼貌地”。故填(p)olitely。]
olitely
6．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Many hospitals are making efforts to provide better m________ service for the people．
medical [句意：许多医院正在努力为人民提供更好的医疗服务。根据“Many hospitals”和“m________service”可知，指的是医疗服务。medical service“医疗服务”，故填(m)edical。]
edical
7．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)Don't worry．It's normal for students to feel n________ before exams．
nervous [句意：别担心。学生在考试前感到紧张是很正常的。根据首字母及“before exams”可知，此处指在考试前感到紧张。nervous“紧张的”，形容词，作表语。故填(n)ervous。]
ervous
7．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)Don't worry．It's normal for students to feel n________ before exams．
nervous [句意：别担心。学生在考试前感到紧张是很正常的。根据首字母及“before exams”可知，此处指在考试前感到紧张。nervous“紧张的”，形容词，作表语。故填(n)ervous。]
ervous
8．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)When you can do simple things ________ (完美地)，you can finish difficult ones easily．
perfectly [句意：当你能完美地完成简单的事情时，你就能轻松地完成困难的事情。perfectly“完美地”，副词修饰动词。故填perfectly。]
perfectly
9．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Shanghai is one of the ________ (有活力的) cities in the world and it has many beautiful sights．
liveliest [句意：上海是世界上最有活力的城市之一，有许多美丽的风景。lively“有活力的”，形容词；由one of the＋最高级＋名词复数“最……之一”可知，应用lively的最高级liveliest。故填liveliest。]
liveliest
10．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The earlier kids learn to be ___________ (独立的)，the better it is for their future．
independent [句意：孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。“独立的”independent，形容词，在句中作表语。故填independent。]
independent
11．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)As for teenagers，we should face and challenge the difficulties ________(勇敢地) and try our best to overcome them．
bravely [句意：对于青少年来说，我们应该勇敢地面对和挑战困难，尽我们最大的努力去克服它们。根据中文提示，可知是bravery“勇敢”，修饰动词“face”应该用副词bravely“勇敢地”。故填bravely。]
bravely
12．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The harder you work，the _______ (幸运) you will be．
luckier [句意：你工作越努力，你就越幸运。根据题干可知，此句型为“The＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”，故空格处应为形容词比较级，lucky“幸运的”，其比较级为luckier。故填luckier。]
luckier
13．(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)As a __________ (传统的) festival，the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular．
traditional [句意：作为一个传统节日，端午节正变得越来越受欢迎。根据空格前的“a”以及空格后的名词“festival”可知，空格上所填词为形容词。“传统的”对应的英文为“traditional”，形容词。故填traditional。]
traditional
课时规范训练(三十一)
考查范围：专题6 形容词和副词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·青海中考)He would like to see them smiling ________ (高兴地) when they look at their pictures．
happily [句意：他希望看到他们在看照片时开心地微笑。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词happily。故填happily。]
happily
2．(2024·福建中考)Judy practices her oral English hard every day and she pronounces words more ______ (清楚地)than before．
clearly [句意：朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。她说话比以前更清楚了。根据“than before”可知，此处应使用副词比较级。“清楚地”对应的英文为“clearly”。故填clearly。]
clearly
3．(2024·包头中考)Compared with the past，the community canteens (食堂) are providing people，both young and old，with ________(健康的)and cheaper dishes now．
healthier [句意：与过去相比，社区食堂现在为年轻人和老年人提供更健康、更便宜的菜肴。healthy“健康的”，形容词。根据“Compared with the past”及“cheaper”可知，此处表比较，应用比较级healthier“更健康的”，作定语修饰名词。故填healthier。]
healthier
4．(2024·安徽中考)In summer，the trees we planted in the school are _____ (茂密的)with green leaves．
thick [句意：夏天，我们在学校里种的树长满了绿叶。根据常识可知，夏天树上叶子很茂密。thick茂密的；be thick with表示“充满……”。故填thick。]
thick
5．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Some doctors were sent to some poor ________(非洲的) countries where medical workers were in great need．
African [句意：一些医生被派往一些贫穷的非洲国家，那里非常需要医务人员。African“非洲的”，形容词作定语，故填African。]
African
6．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)“Garbage classification” makes it ______ (容易的) for people to protect the environment than before．
easier [句意：“垃圾分类”使人们比以前更容易保护环境。easy“容易的”，形容词，根据than可知，空处应用比较级形式easier。故填easier。]
easier
7．(2024·甘肃中考)The road is very _________(危险的)after the heavy rain．Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents．
dangerous [句意：大雨过后，这条路很危险。司机被警告要小心驾驶，以免发生事故。dangerous危险的。故填dangerous。]
dangerous
8．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The ______ (努力) you practice，the greater progress you will make．
harder [句意：你越努力练习，你取得的进步就越大。hard“努力”，副词，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的结构，应用hard的比较级harder。故填harder。]
harder
9．(2024·福建中考)In central Xi'an there is the Bell Tower—the ______ (最大的) bell tower remaining in China．
largest [句意：在西安的中心有钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。the后接形容词最高级，largest表示“最大的”。故填largest。 ]
largest
10．(2024·乐山中考)If I can cook some simple meals，my parents will not worry about me when they are _____ (繁忙的) with work．
busy [句意：如果我能做一些简单的饭菜，我的父母在忙工作的时候就不会担心我了。busy“繁忙的”，be busy with“忙于”。故填busy。]
busy
二、单项选择(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
1．(2023·青岛中考)We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy．
A．free B．fresh
C．soft D．sweet
√
B [句意：为了保持健康，我们应该吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜。考查形容词。free免费的；fresh新鲜的；soft柔软的；sweet甜的。根据“We should eat ________ fruit and vegetables to keep healthy．”可知，吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜来保持健康。故选B。]
2．(2023·滨州中考)—How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes．The new invention makes it quite ________ for people to write papers and stories．
A．late B．simple
C．natural D．difficult
√
B [句意：——ChatGPT是多么神奇！——是的。这项新发明使人们写论文和写故事变得非常简单。考查形容词。late晚的；simple简单的；natural自然的；difficult困难的。根据“How amazing ChatGPT is！”及“makes it quite ________ for people to write papers and stories”可知，ChatGPT让写论文和写故事变得简单。]
3．Short-form videos can ________ catch people's eyes．That's one reason why lots of people spend hours on the Internet．
A．easily B．widely
C．luckily D．seriously
√
A [句意：短视频容易吸引人的眼球。那是人们花费好几个小时上网的原因。考查副词。easily容易地；widely广泛地；luckily幸运地；seriously严肃地。根据“That's one reason why lots of people spend hours on the Internet．”可知，许多人花费很多时间在网上，由此推出短视频容易吸引人的眼球。]
4．(2024·北京中考)What a lovely reading room! It's one of ________ in our school．
A．nice B．nicer
C．nicest D．the nicest
√
D [句意：这间阅览室真漂亮！它是我们学校最好的阅览室之一。考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“one of”可知，考查“one of＋the＋形容词最高级”结构，意为“最……之一”。故选D。]
5．(2024·常州中考)When seeing the Shenzhou 18 manned spaceship flying into the sky，my father was ________ than any one of us．
A．more excited B．more exciting
C．the most excited D．the most exciting
√
A [句意：当看到神舟十八号载人飞船飞向天空时，我父亲比我们任何人都兴奋。考查形容词辨析和比较级。more excited更兴奋的；more exciting更令人兴奋的；the most excited最兴奋的；the most exciting最令人兴奋的。根据“than”可知，应用比较级；再根据“my father”可知，形容人的感受要用-ed结尾的形容词，即excited符合题意。故选A。]
6．(2024·东营中考)Today AI technology is developing ________ we can imagine．Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow．
A．much faster than B．as fast as
C．more slowly than D．as slowly as
√
A [句意：今天，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。没有人知道明天会发生什么。考查比较级。much faster than比……快得多；as fast as和……一样快；more slowly than比……慢得多；as slowly as和……一样慢。根据“Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow．”可知，没有人知道明天会发生什么，说明现在人工智能的发展速度非常快，比我们想象的要快得多。故选A。]
7．(2024·无锡中考)It's such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ________．
A．careful B．carefully
C．proper D．properly
√
D [句意：这场会议非常重要，建议每个人都穿着得体。考查词义辨析和副词修饰动词。careful形容词，仔细的；carefully副词，仔细地；proper形容词，合适的；properly副词，得体地。根据“It's such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress...”可知，应该是穿着得体，在句中修饰动词，用副词形式。故选D。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安一模)One of my earliest memories is playing “shops” with my granddad when I was 5 years old．After 1 school at 15，I worked in a fruit shop，but I had no 2 of how to run my own shop back then．
Several years later，I got married．My husband Eric and I heard about a shop for sale in the nearby village．We had a look and decided to have a shop of our own．That was January 1973． We were a bit 3 at shop keeping，so we often didn't know what the customers were asking for．But we soon learned．
You can tell by the weather how 4 it's going to be．On wet days there are very few people around，and when it's 5 people want bread and milk，as they're worried about being snowed in．When it's hot，everyone buys cold drinks and ice cream．
More people shop online nowadays，but they still come here for things missing from their order．I've kept up with technology and have a card reader，but the shop itself hasn't changed much．Now，as I'm getting older，it's open from 7 am to 6 pm on weekdays， 6 closing at 8：30 pm．However，I open until 2 pm at weekends．
Eric passed away 16 years ago，but I am 7 getting rid of (摆脱) the shop．I love it all — talking to the customers and getting what they want．There are customers who come in two or three times a day，and we see several generations (代) of families．Customers often tell me their 8 and I offer advice if I can．
It was the 50th anniversary (周年纪念) of the shop on January 13 this year．I wanted to do something 9 ，so I held a party and had drinks and snacks with customers．I also wrote a book about my memories in the shop．It's called Just Ask Jenny，as I'm always the first port (端) of call when anyone wants to know anything．
This shop has been my life．I never 10 I'd still be here after 50 years，but I love it and the people．It's what keeps me going，and I've got no plan of retiring (退休)．
【文章大意】 本文介绍了一个女士和丈夫经营自己的商店的故事。
√
1．A．leaving B．going to C．changing
A [句意：15岁我离开学校，在水果店工作，但那时我不知道如何经营我自己的商店。leaving离开；going to去；changing改变。根据“worked in a fruit shop”可知，此空指“离开学校”。故选A。]
√
2．A．choice B．decision C．idea
C [句意：15岁我离开学校，在水果店工作，但那时我不知道如何经营我自己的商店。choice选择；decision决定；idea主意。根据“but I had no”可知，考查have no idea“不知道”。故选C。]
√
3．A．experienced B．fresh
C．disappointed
B [句意：开店我们是新手，所以我们经常不知道顾客要什么。experienced有经验的；fresh新鲜的；disappointed失望的。根据“so we often didn't know what the customers were asking for”可知作者对于开店是新人，所以不知道顾客要什么。故选B。]
√
4．A．common B．expensive C．busy
C [句意：你可以通过天气知道我们将有多忙。common普通的；expensive昂贵的；busy忙碌的。根据“On wet days there are very few people around...When it's hot，everyone buys cold drinks and ice cream．”可知，此处表示天气决定作者有多么忙。故选C。]
√
5．A．snowy B．rainy C．sunny
A [句意：下雪天人们买面包和牛奶，因为他们担心被雪困住。snowy下雪的；rainy下雨的；sunny晴朗的。根据“as they're worried about being snowed in”可知，此处表示“下雪的”。故选A。]
√
6．A．as for B．because of C．instead of
C [句意：现在我老了，工作日从早7点开店至晚6点，而不是晚8点半关门。as for关于；because of因为；instead of而不是。根据两个时间点可知，此处表示“而不是”。故选C。]
√
7．A．always B．never C．seldom
B [句意：埃里克于16年前去世，但我从未摆脱这家商店。always总是；never从没；seldom很少。根据上文“Eric passed away 16 years ago，but”可知，此处表示转折，所以指“我从未摆脱这家店”。故选B。]
√
8．A．suggestions B．questions C．problems
C [句意：顾客经常告诉我他们的难题，我尽可能提供我的建议。suggestions建议；questions问题；problems难题。problem常指客观存在的并有待解决的困难或问题；question指讨论的问题；此处指“顾客提出的困难问题”，需用problem。故选C。]
√
9．A．special B．historical C．traditional
A [句意：我想做一些特别的事情，所以我举办了一个派对并为顾客提供饮料和零食。special特殊的；historical历史的；traditional传统的。根据“It was the 50th anniversary (周年纪念) of the shop on January 13 this year．”可知，今年是50周年，作者要做一些特别的事情。故选A。]
√
10．A．imagined B．hoped C．experienced
A [句意：15岁我离开学校，在水果店工作，但那时我不知道如何经营我自己的商店。leaving离开；going to去；changing改变。根据“worked in a fruit shop”可知，此空指“离开学校”。故选A。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·赤峰中考)
Chinese high surprise play smile hard fun note have describe
Three students are sharing stories about their favorite teachers．
Yao Zhiqiang，14 I was not very good at math．Although I studied 1．____， I often failed in exams．I felt sad．One day when I opened my book，I was 2．________ to find that there was a note in it — “Believe in yourself and keep trying！” I was moved to tears．
From that day on，I have received many 3．_____ from Miss Xu．Thanks to her love，my math grades have improved．
hard
surprised
notes
Li Jiaxin，15 I would 4．________ my English teacher．Mr．Xiao．In a sports meeting，I was competing with another girl for the 5．____ jump．I would fail if I lost another jump．I stood there helplessly．At that moment，Mr．Xiao encouraged me with a 6．_____．And I successfully completed the jump．
describe
high
smile
Zhang Le，14 Miss Liu is my 7．________ teacher．I still remember once we 8．____ a wonderful experience on a snowy day．We were busy preparing for our final exam．Miss Liu managed to make some spare time from our timetable and let us 9．____ in the snow for a whole lesson! We had 10．___ throwing snowballs and making snowmen．Those joyful memories will be in my mind forever．
【文章大意】 本文中的三位学生介绍了自己最喜欢的老师以及和老师们之间发生的故事。
Chinese
had
play
fun
1．hard [句意：虽然我学习很努力，但我经常考试不及格。根据“Although I studied ________， I often failed in exams．”及备选词汇可知，此处指学习努力，应用副词hard“努力地”，修饰动词study。故填hard。]
2．surprised [句意：有一天，当我打开书的时候，我惊讶地发现里面有一张纸条——“相信自己，不断努力！”。根据“I was ________ to find that there was a note in it”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少表语，指我发现书里有一张纸条时感到惊讶。surprise“惊讶，使惊讶”，用其形容词surprised“惊讶的”，作表语，修饰人。故填surprised。]
3．notes [句意：从那天起，我收到了许老师的许多纸条。根据“I have received many ________ from Miss Xu”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少动词的宾语，指收到了老师的很多纸条。many修饰可数名词复数，故用note的复数形式。故填notes。]
4．describe [句意：我想描述一下我的英语老师。根据“I would ________ my English teacher．”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少谓语动词，指想描述自己的老师。describe“描述”，动词，would后用其原形。故填describe。]
5．high [句意：在一次运动会上，我正在和另一个女孩比赛跳高。根据“In a sports meeting”及备选词汇可知，此处指在运动会上比赛跳高。high jump“跳高”。故填high。]
6．smile [句意：那一刻，肖老师笑着鼓励我。根据“Mr．Xiao encouraged me with a ________”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少介词宾语，指老师笑着鼓励我。a修饰单数名词，故smile“微笑”用其原形。故填smile。]
7．Chinese [句意：刘老师是我的语文老师。根据“Miss Liu is my ______ teacher．”及备选词汇可知，此处介绍刘老师教授的学科，她是语文老师。Chinese teacher“语文老师”。故填Chinese。]
8．had [句意：我还记得有一次我们在一个下雪天有一个美妙的经历。根据“we
________ a wonderful experience”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少谓语动词，指有一个美妙的经历。have“有”，动词。结合“on a snowy day”可知，过去发生的事，是一般过去时。故填had。]
9．play [句意：刘老师设法从我们的时间表中挤出一些时间，让我们在雪地里玩了整整一节课！根据“let us ________ in the snow for a whole lesson”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少动词，指在雪地里玩。play“玩”，动词。let sb．do sth．“让某人做某事”，动词用其原形。故填play。]
10．fun [句意：我们玩得很开心，扔雪球和堆雪人。根据“We had ________ throwing...”及备选词汇可知，此处是have fun doing sth．“做某事玩得开心”。故填fun。]专题6 形容词和副词
砥志研思·语法点摸脉络
练多维
1．biggest [句意：据我们所知，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。根据常识，此处指“最大的”。故填(b)iggest。]
2．successfully [句意：2023年10月，中国作家海涯因《时空画家》成功获得雨果奖最佳中篇小说而登上头条。此处用副词修饰动词，“成功”译为successfully。故填successfully。]
3．Luckily [句意：今天早上我差点错过公共汽车。幸运的是，司机等了一会儿。根据“I almost missed the bus this morning．L ， the driver waited for a while．”可知，差点没赶上，所以司机等了一会是幸运的，用副词luckily修饰整个句子，故填(L)uckily。]
4．exciting [句意：我们昨晚看的电影并不刺激。有点无聊。根据“The movie we saw last night is not e ．It is a little boring．”可知，电影是无聊的，所以不刺激，exciting“刺激的”，在句中作表语。故填(e)xciting。]
5．politely [句意：在公共场所，我们最好礼貌地和老人说话。根据“It is better for us to speak to old people p in public places．”可知，在公共场合，要礼貌地和老人说话，修饰动词用副词politely“礼貌地”。故填(p)olitely。]
6．medical [句意：许多医院正在努力为人民提供更好的医疗服务。根据“Many hospitals”和“m service”可知，指的是医疗服务。medical service“医疗服务”，故填(m)edical。]
7．nervous [句意：别担心。学生在考试前感到紧张是很正常的。根据首字母及“before exams”可知，此处指在考试前感到紧张。nervous“紧张的”，形容词，作表语。故填(n)ervous。]
8．perfectly [句意：当你能完美地完成简单的事情时，你就能轻松地完成困难的事情。perfectly“完美地”，副词修饰动词。故填perfectly。]
9．liveliest [句意：上海是世界上最有活力的城市之一，有许多美丽的风景。lively“有活力的”，形容词；由one of the＋最高级＋名词复数“最……之一”可知，应用lively的最高级liveliest。故填liveliest。]
10．independent [句意：孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。“独立的”independent，形容词，在句中作表语。故填independent。]
11．bravely [句意：对于青少年来说，我们应该勇敢地面对和挑战困难，尽我们最大的努力去克服它们。根据中文提示，可知是bravery“勇敢”，修饰动词“face”应该用副词bravely“勇敢地”。故填bravely。]
12．luckier [句意：你工作越努力，你就越幸运。根据题干可知，此句型为“The＋比较级．．．，the＋比较级．．．”，故空格处应为形容词比较级，lucky“幸运的”，其比较级为luckier。故填luckier。]
13．traditional [句意：作为一个传统节日，端午节正变得越来越受欢迎。根据空格前的“a”以及空格后的名词“festival”可知，空格上所填词为形容词。“传统的”对应的英文为“traditional”，形容词。故填traditional。]考点一 形容词
形容词的用法
用法 例句
作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后 This is a very useful dictionary．这是一个有用的字典。
作表语，放在系动词之后 You look very happy today．你今天看起来很高兴。
作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make，keep，find 等连用 Don't keep the window open．不要总是让窗户开着。
形容词的构词法
考法1 名词变形容词
构词法 例词
n．＋y cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky
n．＋ly week→weekly，year→yearly
n．＋ern east→eastern，south→southern
n．＋en wood→wooden，gold→golden
n．＋able value→valuable，fashion→fashionable
n．＋n/ese America→American，China→Chinese
n．＋ful help→helpful，peace→peaceful
n．＋ous danger→dangerous，humor→humorous
n．＋al nation→national，nature→natural
ce变成t difference→different，importance→important
其他 science→scientific，energy→energetic，society→social，day→daily，pride→proud，pleasure→pleasant
考法2 动词变形容词
构词法 例词
v．＋able comfort→comfortable，enjoy→enjoyable
v．＋ive act→active，create→creative
v．＋ing interest→interesting，excite→exciting
v．＋ed relax→relaxed，move→moved
v．(y变i)＋ed marry→married，worry→worried
前缀a＋v． live→alive，sleep→asleep
考法3 形容词变其反义词
构词法 例词
前缀un- usual→unusual，fair→unfair
前缀im- polite→impolite，possible→impossible
前缀in- expensive→inexpensive，active→inactive
前缀dis- honest→dishonest
后缀-less careful→careless，hopeful→hopeless
考点二 副词
副词的用法
副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，在句中常作状语。
用法 例句
副词放在形容词或副词之前 Those questions are very easy．这些问题很简单。
副词放在动词之后 Look at the blackboard carefully．仔细看黑板。
副词修饰整个句子时，一般放在句首 Luckily，they found the lost boy at last．幸运的是，他们最后找到了丢失的男孩。
形容词变副词的规则
规则 例词
一般情况加-ly main→mainly，strong→strongly
辅音字母＋y结尾的，变y为i，再加-ly lucky→luckily，happy→happily
以le结尾的，去“e”加 -y possible→possibly，terrible→terribly
特殊变化 true→truly，good→well
【注意】 (1)有些单词本身既是形容词也是副词，常见的有：early，fast，high，late，low，far，enough，only，just等。
(2)有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，常见的有：daily，friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely等。
考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词有三种比较等级，即：原级，也就是原形；比较级，表示“较……”或“更……”，用于两者之间比较；最高级，表示“最……”，用于三者或三者以上的比较。
形容词、副词比较级的变化规则
考法1 规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般加-er，-est short shorter shortest
以不发音字母e结尾的加-r，-st nice late nicer later nicest latest
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y变为i，再加-er，-est busy early busier earlier busiest earliest
以重读闭音节结尾的，词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-est Fat Big Red hot Fatter Bigger redder hotter fattest biggest reddest hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词前加more，most Careful Popular quickly more careful more popular more quickly most careful most popular most quickly
考法2 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
形容词、副词原级的用法
用法 例句
被程度副词very，so，quite，too，pretty修饰时 This box is too heavy．这个箱子太重了。
“as＋原级＋as”表示和……一样…… He speaks English as well as you．他说英语和你一样好。
“not as/so＋adj．/adv．原级＋as” 表示“不如……” He doesn't write as carefully as his sister． 他写字不如他妹妹细心。
形容词、副词比较级的用法
用法 例句
句中有than，用比较级 My best friend is quieter than me．我的好朋友比我文静。
表示两者之间的选择，用比较级 Who runs faster，Lucy or Lily？谁跑得更快，露西还是莉莉？
“比较级＋and＋比较级” 表示“越来越……” The weather is getting cooler and cooler．天气变得越来越凉爽。
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级” 表示“越……就越……” The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make．你越细心，犯错就会越少。
表示程度的副词much，even，far，a little，a bit，a lot可以修饰比较级，表示程度更深 Light travels much faster than sound．光的传播速度比声音快得多。
形容词、副词最高级的用法
用法 例句
“the＋最高级＋in/of＋范围”表示“……中最……” The picture is the best of all．这幅画是所有画中最好的。
在三者或以上比较时，用最高级 Who is the tallest，John，Jack or Tom？谁最高，约翰、杰克还是汤姆？
“one of ＋the＋adj．最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……之一” The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions．灯泡是最有用的发明之一。
“the＋序数词＋ adj．最高级＋可数名词单数”表示“第几最……” Hainan Island is the second largest island in China．海南岛是中国第二大岛。
【注意】 特殊的形容词比较级结构表示最高级的含义。
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词或比较级＋than＋the other＋复数名词可以表示最高级的含义。
He is taller than any other boy in our class．
＝He is taller than the other boys in our class．
＝He is the tallest boy in our class．
1．As far as we know，the Sahara is the b desert in the world．
biggest [句意：据我们所知，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。根据常识，此处指“最大的”。故填(b)iggest。]
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)In October，2023，Chinese writer Hai Ya hit the headlines when The Space-Time Painter (《时空画家》) won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette (最佳短中篇小说奖) (成功)．
successfully [句意：2023年10月，中国作家海涯因《时空画家》成功获得雨果奖最佳中篇小说而登上头条。此处用副词修饰动词，“成功”译为successfully。故填successfully。]
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)I almost missed the bus this morning．L ， the driver waited for a while．
Luckily [句意：今天早上我差点没赶上公共汽车。幸运的是，司机等了一会儿。根据“I almost missed the bus this morning．L ， the driver waited for a while．”可知，差点没赶上，所以司机等了一会是幸运的，用副词luckily修饰整个句子，故填(L)uckily。]
4．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)The movie we saw last night is not e ． It is a little boring．
exciting [句意：我们昨晚看的电影并不刺激。有点无聊。根据“The movie we saw last night is not e ．It is a little boring．”可知，电影是无聊的，所以不刺激，exciting“刺激的”，在句中作表语。故填(e)xciting。]
5．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)It is better for us to speak to old people p in public places．
politely [句意：在公共场所，我们最好礼貌地和老人说话。根据“It is better for us to speak to old people p in public places．”可知，在公共场合，要礼貌地和老人说话，修饰动词用副词politely“礼貌地”。故填(p)olitely。]
6．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Many hospitals are making efforts to provide better m
service for the people．
medical [句意：许多医院正在努力为人民提供更好的医疗服务。根据“Many hospitals”和“m service”可知，指的是医疗服务。medical service“医疗服务”，故填(m)edical。]
7．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)Don't worry．It's normal for students to feel n
before exams．
nervous [句意：别担心。学生在考试前感到紧张是很正常的。根据首字母及“before exams”可知，此处指在考试前感到紧张。nervous“紧张的”，形容词，作表语。故填(n)ervous。]
8．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)When you can do simple things (完美地)，you can finish difficult ones easily．
perfectly [句意：当你能完美地完成简单的事情时，你就能轻松地完成困难的事情。perfectly“完美地”，副词修饰动词。故填perfectly。]
9．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Shanghai is one of the (有活力的) cities in the world and it has many beautiful sights．
liveliest [句意：上海是世界上最有活力的城市之一，有许多美丽的风景。lively“有活力的”，形容词；由one of the＋最高级＋名词复数“最……之一”可知，应用lively的最高级liveliest。故填liveliest。]
10．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The earlier kids learn to be (独立的)，the better it is for their future．
independent [句意：孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。“独立的”independent，形容词，在句中作表语。故填independent。]
11．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)As for teenagers，we should face and challenge the difficulties (勇敢地) and try our best to overcome them．
bravely [句意：对于青少年来说，我们应该勇敢地面对和挑战困难，尽我们最大的努力去克服它们。根据中文提示，可知是bravery“勇敢”，修饰动词“face”应该用副词bravely“勇敢地”。故填bravely。]
12．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The harder you work，the (幸运) you will be．
luckier [句意：你工作越努力，你就越幸运。根据题干可知，此句型为“The＋比较级．．．，the＋比较级．．．”，故空格处应为形容词比较级，lucky“幸运的”，其比较级为luckier。故填luckier。]
13．(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)As a (传统的) festival，the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming more and more popular．
traditional [句意：作为一个传统节日，端午节正变得越来越受欢迎。根据空格前的“a”以及空格后的名词“festival”可知，空格上所填词为形容词。“传统的”对应的英文为“traditional”，形容词。故填traditional。]
课时规范训练(三十一)
考查范围：专题6 形容词和副词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·青海中考)He would like to see them smiling (高兴地) when they look at their pictures．
happily [句意：他希望看到他们在看照片时开心地微笑。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词happily。故填happily。]
2．(2024·福建中考)Judy practices her oral English hard every day and she pronounces words more (清楚地)than before．
clearly [句意：朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。她说话比以前更清楚了。根据“than before”可知，此处应使用副词比较级。“清楚地”对应的英文为“clearly”。故填clearly。]
3．(2024·包头中考)Compared with the past，the community canteens (食堂) are providing people，both young and old，with (健康的)and cheaper dishes now．
healthier [句意：与过去相比，社区食堂现在为年轻人和老年人提供更健康、更便宜的菜肴。healthy“健康的”，形容词。根据“Compared with the past”及“cheaper”可知，此处表比较，应用比较级healthier“更健康的”，作定语修饰名词。故填healthier。]
4．(2024·安徽中考)In summer，the trees we planted in the school are (茂密的)with green leaves．
thick [句意：夏天，我们在学校里种的树长满了绿叶。根据常识可知，夏天树上叶子很茂密。thick茂密的；be thick with表示“充满……”。故填thick。]
5．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Some doctors were sent to some poor (非洲的) countries where medical workers were in great need．
African [句意：一些医生被派往一些贫穷的非洲国家，那里非常需要医务人员。African“非洲的”，形容词作定语，故填African。]
6．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)“Garbage classification” makes it (容易的) for people to protect the environment than before．
easier [句意：“垃圾分类”使人们比以前更容易保护环境。easy“容易的”，形容词，根据than可知，空处应用比较级形式easier。故填easier。]
7．(2024·甘肃中考)The road is very (危险的)after the heavy rain．Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents．
dangerous [句意：大雨过后，这条路很危险。司机被警告要小心驾驶，以免发生事故。dangerous危险的。故填dangerous。]
8．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)The (努力) you practice，the greater progress you will make．
harder [句意：你越努力练习，你取得的进步就越大。hard“努力”，副词，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的结构，应用hard的比较级harder。故填harder。]
9．(2024·福建中考)In central Xi'an there is the Bell Tower—the (最大的) bell tower remaining in China．
largest [句意：在西安的中心有钟楼——中国现存最大的钟楼。the后接形容词最高级，largest表示“最大的”。故填largest。 ]
10．(2024·乐山中考)If I can cook some simple meals，my parents will not worry about me when they are (繁忙的) with work．
busy [句意：如果我能做一些简单的饭菜，我的父母在忙工作的时候就不会担心我了。busy“繁忙的”，be busy with“忙于”。故填busy。]
二、单项选择(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
1．(2023·青岛中考)We should eat fruit and vegetables to keep healthy．
A．free B．fresh C．soft D．sweet
B [句意：为了保持健康，我们应该吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜。考查形容词。free免费的；fresh新鲜的；soft柔软的；sweet甜的。根据“We should eat fruit and vegetables to keep healthy．”可知，吃新鲜的水果和蔬菜来保持健康。故选B。]
2．(2023·滨州中考)—How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes．The new invention makes it quite for people to write papers and stories．
A．late B．simple
C．natural D．difficult
B [句意：——ChatGPT是多么神奇！——是的。这项新发明使人们写论文和写故事变得非常简单。考查形容词。late晚的；simple简单的；natural自然的；difficult困难的。根据“How amazing ChatGPT is！”及“makes it quite for people to write papers and stories”可知，ChatGPT让写论文和写故事变得简单。]
3．Short-form videos can catch people's eyes．That's one reason why lots of people spend hours on the Internet．
A．easily B．widely
C．luckily D．seriously
A [句意：短视频容易吸引人的眼球。那是人们花费好几个小时上网的原因。考查副词。easily容易地；widely广泛地；luckily幸运地；seriously严肃地。根据“That's one reason why lots of people spend hours on the Internet．”可知，许多人花费很多时间在网上，由此推出短视频容易吸引人的眼球。]
4．(2024·北京中考)What a lovely reading room! It's one of in our school．
A．nice B．nicer
C．nicest D．the nicest
D [句意：这间阅览室真漂亮！它是我们学校最好的阅览室之一。考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“one of”可知，考查“one of＋the＋形容词最高级”结构，意为“最……之一”。故选D。]
5．(2024·常州中考)When seeing the Shenzhou 18 manned spaceship flying into the sky，my father was than any one of us．
A．more excited B．more exciting
C．the most excited D．the most exciting
A [句意：当看到神舟十八号载人飞船飞向天空时，我父亲比我们任何人都兴奋。考查形容词辨析和比较级。more excited更兴奋的；more exciting更令人兴奋的；the most excited最兴奋的；the most exciting最令人兴奋的。根据“than”可知，应用比较级；再根据“my father”可知，形容人的感受要用-ed结尾的形容词，即excited符合题意。故选A。]
6．(2024·东营中考)Today AI technology is developing we can imagine．Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow．
A．much faster than B．as fast as
C．more slowly than D．as slowly as
A [句意：今天，人工智能技术的发展速度比我们想象的要快得多。没有人知道明天会发生什么。考查比较级。much faster than比……快得多；as fast as和……一样快；more slowly than比……慢得多；as slowly as和……一样慢。根据“Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow．”可知，没有人知道明天会发生什么，说明现在人工智能的发展速度非常快，比我们想象的要快得多。故选A。]
7．(2024·无锡中考)It's such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ．
A．careful B．carefully
C．proper D．properly
D [句意：这场会议非常重要，建议每个人都穿着得体。考查词义辨析和副词修饰动词。careful形容词，仔细的；carefully副词，仔细地；proper形容词，合适的；properly副词，得体地。根据“It's such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress...”可知，应该是穿着得体，在句中修饰动词，用副词形式。故选D。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安一模)One of my earliest memories is playing “shops” with my granddad when I was 5 years old．After 1 school at 15，I worked in a fruit shop，but I had no 2 of how to run my own shop back then．
Several years later，I got married．My husband Eric and I heard about a shop for sale in the nearby village．We had a look and decided to have a shop of our own．That was January 1973． We were a bit 3 at shop keeping，so we often didn't know what the customers were asking for．But we soon learned．
You can tell by the weather how 4 it's going to be．On wet days there are very few people around，and when it's 5 people want bread and milk，as they're worried about being snowed in．When it's hot，everyone buys cold drinks and ice cream．
More people shop online nowadays，but they still come here for things missing from their order．I've kept up with technology and have a card reader，but the shop itself hasn't changed much．Now，as I'm getting older，it's open from 7 am to 6 pm on weekdays， 6 closing at 8：30 pm．However，I open until 2 pm at weekends．
Eric passed away 16 years ago，but I am 7 getting rid of (摆脱) the shop．I love it all — talking to the customers and getting what they want．There are customers who come in two or three times a day，and we see several generations (代) of families．Customers often tell me their 8 and I offer advice if I can．
It was the 50th anniversary (周年纪念) of the shop on January 13 this year．I wanted to do something 9 ，so I held a party and had drinks and snacks with customers．I also wrote a book about my memories in the shop．It's called Just Ask Jenny，as I'm always the first port (端) of call when anyone wants to know anything．
This shop has been my life．I never 10 I'd still be here after 50 years，but I love it and the people．It's what keeps me going，and I've got no plan of retiring (退休)．
【文章大意】 本文介绍了一个女士和丈夫经营自己的商店的故事。
1．A．leaving B．going to C．changing
A [句意：15岁我离开学校，在水果店工作，但那时我不知道如何经营我自己的商店。leaving离开；going to去；changing改变。根据“worked in a fruit shop”可知，此空指“离开学校”。故选A。]
2．A．choice B．decision C．idea
C [句意：15岁我离开学校，在水果店工作，但那时我不知道如何经营我自己的商店。choice选择；decision决定；idea主意。根据“but I had no”可知，考查have no idea“不知道”。故选C。]
3．A．experienced B．fresh
C．disappointed
B [句意：开店我们是新手，所以我们经常不知道顾客要什么。experienced有经验的；fresh新鲜的；disappointed失望的。根据“so we often didn't know what the customers were asking for”可知作者对于开店是新人，所以不知道顾客要什么。故选B。]
4．A．common B．expensive C．busy
C [句意：你可以通过天气知道我们将有多忙。common普通的；expensive昂贵的；busy忙碌的。根据“On wet days there are very few people around...When it's hot，everyone buys cold drinks and ice cream．”可知，此处表示天气决定作者有多么忙。故选C。]
5．A．snowy B．rainy C．sunny
A [句意：下雪天人们买面包和牛奶，因为他们担心被雪困住。snowy下雪的；rainy下雨的；sunny晴朗的。根据“as they're worried about being snowed in”可知，此处表示“下雪的”。故选A。]
6．A．as for B．because of C．instead of
C [句意：现在我老了，工作日从早7点开店至晚6点，而不是晚8点半关门。as for关于；because of因为；instead of而不是。根据两个时间点可知，此处表示“而不是”。故选C。]
7．A．always B．never C．seldom
B [句意：埃里克于16年前去世，但我从未摆脱这家商店。always总是；never从没；seldom很少。根据上文“Eric passed away 16 years ago，but”可知，此处表示转折，所以指“我从未摆脱这家店”。故选B。]
8．A．suggestions B．questions C．problems
C [句意：顾客经常告诉我他们的难题，我尽可能提供我的建议。suggestions建议；questions问题；problems难题。problem常指客观存在的并有待解决的困难或问题；question指讨论的问题；此处指“顾客提出的困难问题”，需用problem。故选C。]
9．A．special B．historical C．traditional
A [句意：我想做一些特别的事情，所以我举办了一个派对并为顾客提供饮料和零食。special特殊的；historical历史的；traditional传统的。根据“It was the 50th anniversary (周年纪念) of the shop on January 13 this year．”可知，今年是50周年，作者要做一些特别的事情。故选A。]
10．A．imagined B．hoped C．experienced
A [句意：我从未想过我会在这里50年，但我爱它和大家。imagined想象；hoped希望；experienced经历。根据“I never．．．I'd still be here after 50 years”可知，此处表示“想象”，其他选项不符合句意。故选A。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·赤峰中考)
Chinese high surprise play smile hard fun note have describe
Three students are sharing stories about their favorite teachers．
Yao Zhiqiang，14 I was not very good at math．Although I studied 1． ， I often failed in exams．I felt sad．One day when I opened my book，I was 2． to find that there was a note in it — “Believe in yourself and keep trying！” I was moved to tears． From that day on，I have received many 3． from Miss Xu．Thanks to her love，my math grades have improved．
Li Jiaxin，15 I would 4． my English teacher．Mr．Xiao．In a sports meeting，I was competing with another girl for the 5．
jump．I would fail if I lost another jump．I stood there helplessly．At that moment，Mr．Xiao encouraged me with a 6． ．And I successfully completed the jump．
Zhang Le，14 Miss Liu is my 7． teacher．I still remember once we 8． a wonderful experience on a snowy day．We were busy preparing for our final exam．Miss Liu managed to make some spare time from our timetable and let us 9． in the snow for a whole lesson! We had 10． throwing snowballs and making snowmen．Those joyful memories will be in my mind forever．
【文章大意】 本文中的三位学生介绍了自己最喜欢的老师以及和老师们之间发生的故事。
1．hard [句意：虽然我学习很努力，但我经常考试不及格。根据“Although I studied ， I often failed in exams．”及备选词汇可知，此处指学习努力，应用副词hard“努力地”，修饰动词study。故填hard。]
2．surprised [句意：有一天，当我打开书的时候，我惊讶地发现里面有一张纸条——“相信自己，不断努力！”。根据“I was to find that there was a note in it”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少表语，指我发现书里有一张纸条时感到惊讶。surprise“惊讶，使惊讶”，用其形容词surprised“惊讶的”，作表语，修饰人。故填surprised。]
3．notes [句意：从那天起，我收到了许老师的许多纸条。根据“I have received many from Miss Xu”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少动词的宾语，指收到了老师的很多纸条。many修饰可数名词复数，故用note的复数形式。故填notes。]
4．describe [句意：我想描述一下我的英语老师。根据“I would my English teacher．”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少谓语动词，指想描述自己的老师。describe“描述”，动词，would后用其原形。故填describe。]
5．high [句意：在一次运动会上，我正在和另一个女孩比赛跳高。根据“In a sports meeting”及备选词汇可知，此处指在运动会上比赛跳高。high jump“跳高”。故填high。]
6．smile [句意：那一刻，肖老师笑着鼓励我。根据“Mr．Xiao encouraged me with a ”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少介词宾语，指老师笑着鼓励我。a修饰单数名词，故smile“微笑”用其原形。故填smile。]
7．Chinese [句意：刘老师是我的语文老师。根据“Miss Liu is my teacher．”及备选词汇可知，此处介绍刘老师教授的学科，她是语文老师。Chinese teacher“语文老师”。故填Chinese。]
8．had [句意：我还记得有一次我们在一个下雪天有一个美妙的经历。根据“we
a wonderful experience”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少谓语动词，指有一个美妙的经历。have“有”，动词。结合“on a snowy day”可知，过去发生的事，是一般过去时。故填had。]
9．play [句意：刘老师设法从我们的时间表中挤出一些时间，让我们在雪地里玩了整整一节课！根据“let us in the snow for a whole lesson”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少动词，指在雪地里玩。play“玩”，动词。let sb．do sth．“让某人做某事”，动词用其原形。故填play。]
10．fun [句意：我们玩得很开心，扔雪球和堆雪人。根据“We had
throwing...”及备选词汇可知，此处是have fun doing sth．“做某事玩得开心”。故填fun。]
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