专题8 非谓语动词
砥志研思·语法点摸脉络
练多维
1．lend [句意：林涛上周把他的照相机借给我，真是太好了。根据语境及中文提示，borrow和lend都表示“借”，borrow表示借入，lend表示借出，这里指林涛把照相机借给我，是表示借出，故用动词lend；句子用到固定句型it is kind of sb．to do sth．，表示某人做某事很友好，这里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth．，不定式to后面接动词原形。故填lend。]
2．achieve [句意：这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。根据“ their dreams”可知，是实现梦想，achieve“实现”，用于不定式结构中表示目的。故填(a)chieve。]
3．to finish [句意：为了完成这个科学项目，孩子们在实验室里做了很多研究。finish“完成”，动词。此处指孩子们做很多研究的目的是完成科学项目，应用动词不定式表目的。故填to finish。]
4．shouting [句意：在接下来的沉默中，他们只听到那个女孩在黑暗的金库里疯狂地喊叫。hear sb．doing sth．“听见某人正在做某事”，固定用法。故填shouting。]
5．to sell [句意：他从来没有想过如何卖出更多的雨伞。how to do 如何去做。故填to sell。]
6．to live [句意：如今，越来越多的人选择步行或乘坐公共交通工具，以过上绿色且更美好的生活。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to live。]
7．A [句意：老人让他的儿子画一张地图给他指路，来找到一些宝藏。考查动词。guide指导；order命令；force强迫；fight打斗。根据“asked his son to find some treasure”可知，此处指通过画地图来指导找宝藏。故选A。]
8．B [句意：——对不起，你能告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？太难了。——好的。我待会再帮你。考查动词。prepare准备；solve解决；cause造成。根据“could you tell me how to this problem？”和“I'll help you later．”可知，此处是指寻求帮助来解决这个问题。故选B。]
9．C [句意：——汤姆，该喂猫了。它现在一定饿了。——是的，妈妈。我现在就来。考查动词。hit撞击，碰撞；protect保护；feed饲养，喂养。根据“It must be hungry now．”可知，猫很饿了，由此可推测，此处是指现在到该喂猫的时间了。故选C。]
10．C [句意：建设美丽家园，人人都要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。考查动词。make制作；compare比较；follow遵循；refuse拒绝。根据“the rules of respecting and protecting nature”可知，此处指要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。故选C。](共73张PPT)
专题8 非谓语动词
语法导航 知识点构主干
砥志研思 语法点摸脉络
动词不定式的用法
考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式：to＋动词原形或省略to的不定式。否定形式：not＋to＋动词原形。
用法 例句
作主语 To study English well is very important．
＝It is very important to study English well．(it作形式主语)
作宾语 I want to tell you a story．
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language．(在动词find，make，think等词之后，常用it作形式宾语)
作宾语补足语 Did you notice him to leave the classroom？
作状语 I went to town to buy some books．(表目的)
He is too moved to say anything．(表结果)
作定语 The best way to learn English is to use it．(名词之后)
Do you have something to drink？(不定代词之后)
作表语 My wish is to be a policeman．
【注意】
(1)下列感官动词、使役动词后可接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但被动语态中要加上to。
一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三让(make，have，let)，四看(see，watch，notice，look at)，半帮助(help可带 to也可不带to)
I saw her get out of the classroom．
She was seen to get out of the classroom．
我看到她从教室出去了。
(2)“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”作主语或宾语。
Where to go is still a question．(作主语)
去哪里仍然是个问题。
I know where to find the boy．(作宾语)
我知道去哪儿找那个男孩。
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
want 想要 decide 决定 plan 计划
offer 提供 expect 期望 agree 同意
manage 设法 afford 负担得起 fail 失败
learn 学会 promise 承诺 wish 希望
refuse 拒绝 choose 选择 would like 想要
prepare 准备 seem好像 help 帮助
常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
allow 允许 encourage 鼓励 tell 告诉
invite 邀请 teach 教 ask要求
order 命令 advise 建议 warn 警告
want 想要 expect 期望 would like 想要
考点二 动名词
动名词的基本形式：动词原形＋-ing。否定形式：not＋动名词。
动名词的用法
用法 例句
作主语 It's fun playing with children．(it作形式主语)
作宾语 I really enjoy listening to this song．(作动词的宾语)
He left without saying a word．(作介词的宾语)
作表语 My favorite sport is playing basketball．
作定语 We should improve our learning method．
常跟动名词作宾语的动词
enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 suggest 建议
mind 介意 consider 考虑 practice 练习
avoid 避免 keep 一直 imagine 想象
常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语
give up 放弃 put off 推迟 feel like 想要
be good at 擅长 be busy 忙于 be worth 值得
be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意
keep on 继续 stick to 坚持 can't help 忍不住
have fun 很开心 prefer...to...
喜欢……胜过…… succeed in 在……方面成功
what about怎么样 have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)(在……方面)有困难/问题
既跟动名词又跟动词不定式的动词
考点三 分词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成：“动词原形＋
-ing”；过去分词一般由“动词原形＋-ed”构成，但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。
分词 用法 例句
现在分词 作表语 The news sounds encouraging．
过去分词 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved．
现在分词 作定语 Don't wake up the sleeping children．
过去分词 Have you read the book written by him？
分词的用法
分词 用法 例句
现在分词 作状语 We spent all day looking for you．
过去分词 He will come if asked．
现在分词 作宾语补足语 I'm sorry to keep you waiting so long．
过去分词 Mary bought a camera made in China．
【注意】 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后，作后置定语。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
1．(2024·泰安模拟)It was very kind of Lin Tao to _____ (借) me his camera last week．
lend [句意：林涛上周把他的照相机借给我，真是太好了。根据语境及中文提示，borrow和lend都表示“借”，borrow表示借入，lend表示借出，这里指林涛把照相机借给我，是表示借出，故用动词lend；句子用到固定句型it is kind of sb．to do sth．，表示某人做某事很友好，这里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth．，不定式to后面接动词原形。故填lend。]
lend
3．(2024·无锡中考)The children did a lot of research in the lab ________ (finish) the science project．
to finish [句意：为了完成这个科学项目，孩子们在实验室里做了很多研究。finish“完成”，动词。此处指孩子们做很多研究的目的是完成科学项目，应用动词不定式表目的。故填to finish。]
to finish
4．(2024·潍坊中考)During the following silence they could just hear the girl wildly ________ (shout) in the dark vault．
shouting [句意：在接下来的沉默中，他们只听到那个女孩在黑暗的金库里疯狂地喊叫。hear sb．doing sth．“听见某人正在做某事”，固定用法。故填shouting。]
shouting
5．(2024·潍坊模拟)He has never thought about how ______ (sell) more umbrellas．
to sell [句意：他从来没有想过如何卖出更多的雨伞。how to do 如何去做。故填to sell。]
to sell
6．Now，more and more people choose to walk or take the public transportation ______ (live) green and better．
to live [句意：如今，越来越多的人选择步行或乘坐公共交通工具，以过上绿色且更美好的生活。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to live。]
to live
7．(2024·安徽蚌埠三模)The old man asked his son to find some treasure by drawing a map to ______him．
A．guide B．order
C．force D．fight
A [句意：老人让他的儿子画一张地图给他指路，来找到一些宝藏。考查动词。guide指导；order命令；force强迫；fight打斗。根据“asked his son to find some treasure”可知，此处指通过画地图来指导找宝藏。故选A。]
√
8．(2024·广西贺州三模)—Excuse me，could you tell me how to ________ this problem？It's too difficult．
—OK．I'll help you later．
A．prepare B．solve C．cause
B [句意：——对不起，你能告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？太难了。——好的。我待会再帮你。考查动词。prepare准备；solve解决；cause造成。根据“could you tell me how to ________ this problem？”和“I'll help you later．”可知，此处是指寻求帮助来解决这个问题。故选B。]
√
9．(2024·广西钦州二模)—Tom，it's time to ________the cat．It must be hungry now．
—Yes，mum．I am coming now．
A．hit B．protect C．feed
C [句意：——汤姆，该喂猫了。它现在一定饿了。——是的，妈妈。我现在就来。考查动词。hit撞击，碰撞；protect保护；feed饲养，喂养。根据“It must be hungry now．”可知，猫很饿了，由此可推测，此处是指现在到该喂猫的时间了。故选C。]
√
10．(2024·安徽合肥三模)To build a beautiful homeland，everyone needs to ________ the rules of respecting and protecting nature．
A．make B．compare
C．follow D．refuse
C [句意：建设美丽家园，人人都要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。考查动词。make制作；compare比较；follow遵循；refuse拒绝。根据“the rules of respecting and protecting nature”可知，此处指要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。故选C。]
√
课时规范训练(三十三)
考查范围：专题8 非谓语动词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)He always feels lonely because he has trouble
_____________ (交流) with others．
communicating [句意：他总是感到孤独，因为他和别人交流有困难。communicate“交流”，have trouble doing sth．“做某事有困难”，固定搭配，空处应用动名词形式。故填communicating。]
communicating
2．(2024·济宁中考)It is said that Shen Nong was the first to ________ (发现) tea as a drink．
discover [句意：据说神农是第一个发现茶是一种饮料的人。discover“发现”，动词；be the first to do sth．表示“第一个做某事”，空处用不定式作定语。故填discover。]
discover
3．(2024·雅安中考)John likes to ____ (喂) cows on his uncle's farm on weekends．
feed [句意：约翰喜欢周末在他叔叔的农场喂奶牛。feed“喂”，动词。like to do sth．“喜欢做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填feed。]
feed
4．(2024·苏州中考)Stop ________ (推) and just wait for your turn．
pushing [句意：别推了，等着轮到你就行。push“推”，动词。stop to do sth．“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth．“停止正在做的某事”。此处指不要再推了，应用动名词作宾语。故填pushing。]
pushing
5．(2024·云南昆明三模)Our government made laws to stop people from ___________(浪费食物)．
wasting food [句意：我们的政府制定了法律来阻止人们浪费食物。waste food“浪费食物”；介词from后跟动名词作宾语。故填wasting food。]
wasting food
6．(2024·江苏连云港模拟)Murder in a Country House is a horror film ________ (导演) by Cindy Clark．
directed [句意：《乡间小屋谋杀案》是一部由辛迪·克拉克导演的恐怖电影。根据句子结构，句中已有谓语动词is，此处应用非谓语动词，direct“导演”，与名词film之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此空处应填动词的过去分词，作后置定语修饰film。故填directed。]
directed
7．(2024·安徽芜湖一模)Thank you for ________ (提醒) us not to swim here．
reminding [句意：谢谢你提醒我们不要在这里游泳。根据汉语提示可知，remind“提醒”；thank sb．for doing sth．“感谢某人做某事”，for后面的动词需要用动名词形式，所以reminding“提醒”，符合题意。故填reminding。]
reminding
8．(2024·江苏宿迁三模)It's necessary for teenagers to learn how to _____ (花费) their pocket money wisely．
spend [句意：青少年有必要学会如何明智地使用他们的零花钱。此处指对于青少年来说，故spend“花费”符合，动词，疑问词＋to do，作宾语。故填spend。]
spend
9．(2024·江苏苏州二模)The world-famous engineer is busy ________ (设计) a new type of eco-friendly bicycle．
designing [句意：那位世界著名的工程师正在忙着设计一款新型环保自行车。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词“design”，be busy doing sth．表示“忙着做某事”，因此此处动词需变为动名词“designing”。故填designing。]
designing
10．(2024·江苏宿迁三模)Many young couples have got used to ________ (记录) their children's life online．
recording [句意：许多年轻夫妇已经习惯了在网上记录孩子们的生活。record“记录”，动词；get used to doing sth．“习惯于做某事”，固定词组。故填recording。]
recording
二、单项选择(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·宿迁中考)By reading the public signs，he had no difficulty in ________ the shopping mall．
A．find B．found
C．to find D．finding
√
D [句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth．“做某事有困难”。故选D。]
2．(2024·绥化中考)The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year．
A．is made; sent B．made; sent
C．made; is sent
√
C [句意：中国产的茶叶每年被运往许多不同的国家和地区。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea为不可数名词，与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。]
3．(2024·龙东中考)Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike，but I can't afford ________ it．
A．hundreds; to buy B．hundreds; buy
C．hundred; to buy
√
C [句意：两百美元足够买自行车了，但是我买不起。考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时，用单数；动词短语afford to do sth．表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。]
4．(2024·天津中考)People may use different body language ________ the same feelings．
A．show B．to show
C．showed D．shows
√
B [句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。考查非谓语动词。use sth．to do sth．“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式。故选B。]
5．(2024·黑龙江牡丹江中考)________ our students responsible and independent，military training (军训) has become a tradition in China．
A．Making B．To make C．Make
√
B [句意：为了培养学生的责任感和独立性，军训已成为中国的一个传统。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，军训是为了培养学生的责任感和独立性，应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。]
6．(2024·江苏扬州中考)China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways．
A．help B．to help
C．helping D．helped
√
B [句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth．“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。]
7．(2023·扬州中考)Science is my favorite subject，so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club．
A．join B．joining
C．to join D．to joining
√
C [句意：科学是我最爱的学科，所以我已经准备加入STEAM俱乐部。考查非谓语动词。prepare to do sth．“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以此处用动词不定式。故选C。]
8．(2023·宿迁中考)—Our school will invite Mr．Wang ________ us a talk on environmental protection next week．
—That's wonderful!
A．give B．to give
C．giving D．gave
√
B [句意：——下周我们学校将邀请王先生给我们做一个关于环境保护的演讲。——太棒了！考查非谓语动词。invite sb．to do sth．“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。]
9．(2023·天津中考)David learnt ________ when he was five．
A．swim B．swims
C．swam D．to swim
√
D [句意：大卫五岁时就学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth．“学习做某事”，为固定短语。故选D。]
10．(2023·长春中考)We expect the world ________ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou．
A．understanding B．to understand
C．understood D．understand
√
B [句意：我们期待在杭州第19届亚运会后，世界能更好地了解中国。考查非谓语动词。expect sb．to do sth．“期待某人做某事”，此处应填动词不定式。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·陕西中考)The Turtle was not satisfied with his life．He wanted so much to 1 being a turtle．
“I'm tired of swimming about in the sea and moving around on the beach．Life is not 2 ，” he thought．“I want to be able to fly in the air like an eagle．”
He spoke to the Eagle about it．
“You're not built for 3 ，” the Eagle told the Turtle．“You don't have any wings．”
“Don't 4 that，” answered the Turtle．“I've watched how the birds do it for a long time．I've watched 5 how they fly and do things in the air．I think I really got it． 6 I don't have wings，I can make my four flippers (鳍足) act like wings of birds in the air，the way I do in the water．Just get me up there，and you'll see I can fly as well as any of the birds—probably even 7 ！ Besides，if you carry me as high as the clouds，I will bring you lots of nice pearls (珍珠) from the sea to show my thanks．”
The Eagle 8 at last，and carried the Turtle up high into the sky．
“Now then！” cried the Eagle．“Fly！”
But the moment the Turtle was on his own，he fell from the 9 ．He fell like a stone，and on a stone he landed．He hit it with such force that he broke into little pieces．
We need to 10 ourselves better so that we can make wiser decisions．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了乌龟觉得生活很无趣，想要尝试飞翔，他让鹰把自己带到山上，但最终结果可想而知。故事告诉我们：我们需要更好地了解自己，这样我们才能做出更明智的决定。
1．A．continue B．stop C．try
√
B [句意：他非常想不再做一只乌龟。continue继续；stop停止；try尝试。根据“The Turtle was not satisfied with his life．”可知，乌龟对自己的生活并不满意，所以他非常想不再做一只乌龟。故选B。]
2．A．interesting B．healthy C．busy
√
A [句意：生活是无趣的。interesting有趣的；healthy健康的；busy忙碌的。根据“I want to be able to fly in the air like an eagle．”可知，乌龟想能够像鹰一样在空中飞翔，所以乌龟是觉得生活很无趣。故选A。]
3．A．swimming B．running C．flying
√
C [句意：你不是为飞行而生的。swimming游泳；running跑；flying飞。根据“You don't have any wings．”可知，鹰告诉乌龟他不是为飞行而生的。故选C。]
4．A．look after B．hear about
C．worry about
√
C [句意：别担心。look after照顾；hear about听说；worry about担心。根据“I think I really got it．”可知，乌龟让鹰不要担心。故选C。]
5．A．quickly B．carefully C．strangely
√
B [句意：我仔细观察过它们是如何飞行和在空中做事情的。quickly迅速地；carefully仔细地；strangely奇怪地。根据“I've watched ________ how they fly...really got it”可知，乌龟仔细观察过鸟儿如何飞行。故选B。]
6．A．Though B．Before C．Unless
√
A [句意：虽然我没有翅膀，但我可以让我的四个鳍足像鸟的翅膀一样在空中运动，就像我在水里一样。Though虽然；Before在……之前；Unless除非。前后两句构成让步关系，用Though引导让步状语从句。故选A。]
7．A．better B．lower C．nearer
√
A [句意：只要把我抬上去，你就会看到我飞得和任何鸟一样好
——甚至可能更好！better更好；lower更低；nearer更近。根据“I can fly as well as any of the birds—probably even ________！”
8．A．refused B．agreed C．won
√
B [句意：鹰最后同意了，把乌龟抬上了天。refused拒绝；agreed同意；won赢得。根据“and carried the Turtle up high into the sky”可知，鹰最后同意了。故选B。]
9．A．tree B．house C．sky
√
C [句意：但是当乌龟独自一人的时候，他从天上掉了下来。tree树；house房子；sky天空。根据前文及“But the moment the Turtle was on his own，he fell from the________．”可知，乌龟从天上掉了下来。故选C。]
10．A．relax B．express C．understand
√
C [句意：我们需要更好地了解自己，这样我们才能做出更明智的决定。relax使放松；express表达；understand理解。根据前文及“We need to ________ ourselves better so that we can make wiser decisions．”可知，我们需要更好地了解自己。故选C。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)
tell place hear water leaf stress many rapid whether through
Plant owners know it is difficult to find out what plants need，especially when 1．______ start yellowing and browning．But it turns out that plants may have been 2．______ you all along．A new study found that when plants are stressed，they make special sounds to say what's wrong．
leaves
telling
Earlier studies had shown that plants shake when under stress．But for years，scientists have doubted 3．________ those shakes become sound waves or not．By studying tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants inside a greenhouse，researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that it's true—plants cry out for help 4．________ sounds．
whether
through
“We found that plants usually make sounds when they are under 5．______ and that each plant and each type of stress is connected with a different sound，” a researcher said．Human adults can only hear frequencies (频率) up to 16 kilohertz (千赫)．In the study，special microphones were 6．______ about 10 centimeters from each plant and found sounds at frequencies between 20 and 250 kilohertz．And the more stressed plants were，the 7．_____ they cried．
stress
placed
more
“We think that the sounds made by plants in nature are 8．______ by animals nearby and possibly also other plants that can hear the high frequencies，” another researcher said．However，humans can also use this information．All they need is the right tools—such as sensors (传感器) that tell growers when plants need 9．________．
heard
watering
This could prove especially helpful in farming，as researchers noted that “it can help save up to 50% of the water and increase the production 10．________．” This ability gets more important as climate change continues and the world continues to deal with food problems．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，当植物受到压力时，它们会发出特殊的声音来说明哪里出了问题。
rapidly
1．leaves [句意：植物所有者知道很难找到植物需要什么，尤其是当叶子开始变黄和变褐的时候。根据“start yellowing and browning”可知，设空处指的是叶子，备选词leaf“叶子”符合语境，应填复数形式泛指类别。故填leaves。]
2．telling [句意：但事实证明，植物可能一直在告诉你。根据“But it turns out that plants may have been ________ you all along．”并结合语境可知，该句指植物一直在告诉人们，只是人们没有察觉，备选词tell“告诉”符合语境，该句是现在完成进行时，故填所给词的现在分词。故填telling。]
3．whether [句意：但多年来，科学家们一直怀疑这些震动是否会变成声波。根据“those shakes become sound waves or not”可知，这里指的是怀疑这些震动是否会变成声波，whether...or not“是否”，备选词whether符合题意。故填whether。]
4．through [句意：通过在温室里研究番茄和烟草，特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现这是真的——植物通过声音来求救。根据“sounds”可知，这里指的是通过声音求救，备选词through“通过”符合语境。故填through。]
5．stress [句意：我们发现植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音，每种植物和每种类型的压力都与不同的声音有关。根据“and that each plant and each type of stress is connected with a different sound”可知，这里指的是受到压力会发出声音，备选词stress“压力”符合语境，泛指压力，为不可数名词。故填stress。]
6．placed [句意：在这项研究中，特殊的麦克风被放置在距离每棵植物大约10厘米的地方，发现了频率在20到250千赫之间的声音。根据“special microphones were ________ about 10 centimeters from each plant”可知，这里指的是特殊的麦克风被放置在植物旁，备选词place“放置”符合语境，结合设空处前的“were”可知，这里是被动语态，指的是被放置，因此填过去分词。故填placed。]
7．more [句意：植物的压力越大，它们哭得越多。根据“And the more stressed plants were，the”可知，这里指压力越大，它们哭得越多，设空处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的结构，备选词many的比较级more符合题意。故填more。]
8．heard [句意：我们认为，大自然中植物发出的声音会被附近的动物听到，可能其他植物也能听到高频率。根据“the sounds made by plants in nature are ________ by animals nearby”可知，这里指的是声音会被附近的动物听到，备选词hear“听”符合语境，指的是被听到，填过去分词。故填heard。]
9．watering [句意：它们所需要的只是合适的工具——比如告诉种植者植物何时需要浇水的传感器。根据“such as sensors (传感器) that tell growers when plants need”可知，设空处可以表达为需要浇水，备选词water“浇水”符合语境，need doing“需要做某事(表被动)”。故填watering。]
10．rapidly [句意：它可以帮助节省高达50%的水，并迅速提高产量。根据“increase the production”可知，设空处可表达为迅速提高产量，备选词rapid的副词rapidly“迅速地”，修饰动词“increase”。故填rapidly。]考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式：to＋动词原形或省略to的不定式。否定形式：not＋to＋动词原形。
动词不定式的用法
用法 例句
作主语 To study English well is very important． ＝It is very important to study English well．(it作形式主语)
作宾语 I want to tell you a story．
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language．(在动词find，make，think等词之后，常用it作形式宾语)
作宾语补足语 Did you notice him to leave the classroom？
作状语 I went to town to buy some books．(表目的)
He is too moved to say anything．(表结果)
作定语 The best way to learn English is to use it．(名词之后)
Do you have something to drink？(不定代词之后)
作表语 My wish is to be a policeman．
【注意】
(1)下列感官动词、使役动词后可接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但被动语态中要加上to。
一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三让(make，have，let)，四看(see，watch，notice，look at)，半帮助(help可带 to也可不带to)
I saw her get out of the classroom．
She was seen to get out of the classroom．
我看到她从教室出去了。
(2)“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”作主语或宾语。
Where to go is still a question．(作主语)
去哪里仍然是个问题。
I know where to find the boy．(作宾语)
我知道去哪儿找那个男孩。
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
want 想要 decide 决定 plan 计划
offer 提供 expect 期望 agree 同意
manage 设法 afford 负担得起 fail 失败
learn 学会 promise 承诺 wish 希望
refuse 拒绝 choose 选择 would like 想要
prepare 准备 seem好像 help 帮助
常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
allow 允许 encourage 鼓励 tell 告诉
invite 邀请 teach 教 ask要求
order 命令 advise 建议 warn 警告
want 想要 expect 期望 would like 想要
考点二 动名词
动名词的基本形式：动词原形＋-ing。否定形式：not＋动名词。
动名词的用法
用法 例句
作主语 It's fun playing with children．(it作形式主语)
作宾语 I really enjoy listening to this song．(作动词的宾语)
He left without saying a word．(作介词的宾语)
作表语 My favorite sport is playing basketball．
作定语 We should improve our learning method．
常跟动名词作宾语的动词
enjoy 喜欢 finish 完成 suggest 建议
mind 介意 consider 考虑 practice 练习
avoid 避免 keep 一直 imagine 想象
常跟动名词作宾语的动词短语
give up 放弃 put off 推迟 feel like 想要
be good at 擅长 be busy 忙于 be worth 值得
be/get used to 习惯于 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意
keep on 继续 stick to 坚持 can't help 忍不住
have fun 很开心 prefer...to...喜欢……胜过…… succeed in 在……方面成功
what about 怎么样 have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)(在……方面)有困难/问题
既跟动名词又跟动词不定式的动词
考点三 分词
分词包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成：“动词原形＋-ing”；过去分词一般由“动词原形＋-ed”构成，但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。
分词的用法
分词 用法 例句
现在分词 作表语 The news sounds encouraging．
过去分词 When we heard of it，we were deeply moved．
现在分词 作定语 Don't wake up the sleeping children．
过去分词 Have you read the book written by him？
现在分词 作状语 We spent all day looking for you．
过去分词 He will come if asked．
现在分词 作宾语补足语 I'm sorry to keep you waiting so long．
过去分词 Mary bought a camera made in China．
【注意】 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后，作后置定语。
现在分词和过去分词的区别
1．(2024·泰安模拟)It was very kind of Lin Tao to (借) me his camera last week．
lend [句意：林涛上周把他的照相机借给我，真是太好了。根据语境及中文提示，borrow和lend都表示“借”，borrow表示借入，lend表示借出，这里指林涛把照相机借给我，是表示借出，故用动词lend；句子用到固定句型it is kind of sb．to do sth．，表示某人做某事很友好，这里的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth．，不定式to后面接动词原形。故填lend。]
2．(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)These stars encourage young people to work hard to a
their dreams．
achieve [句意：这些明星鼓励年轻人努力工作来实现他们的梦想。根据“ their dreams”可知，是实现梦想，achieve“实现”，用于不定式结构中表示目的。故填(a)chieve。]
3．(2024·无锡中考)The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project．
to finish [句意：为了完成这个科学项目，孩子们在实验室里做了很多研究。finish“完成”，动词。此处指孩子们做很多研究的目的是完成科学项目，应用动词不定式表目的。故填to finish。]
4．(2024·潍坊中考)During the following silence they could just hear the girl wildly
(shout) in the dark vault．
shouting [句意：在接下来的沉默中，他们只听到那个女孩在黑暗的金库里疯狂地喊叫。hear sb．doing sth．“听见某人正在做某事”，固定用法。故填shouting。]
5．(2024·潍坊模拟)He has never thought about how (sell) more umbrellas．
to sell [句意：他从来没有想过如何卖出更多的雨伞。how to do 如何去做。故填to sell。]
6．Now，more and more people choose to walk or take the public transportation
(live) green and better．
to live [句意：如今，越来越多的人选择步行或乘坐公共交通工具，以过上绿色且更美好的生活。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to live。]
7．(2024·安徽蚌埠三模)The old man asked his son to find some treasure by drawing a map to him．
A．guide B．order
C．force D．fight
A [句意：老人让他的儿子画一张地图给他指路，来找到一些宝藏。考查动词。guide指导；order命令；force强迫；fight打斗。根据“asked his son to find some treasure”可知，此处指通过画地图来指导找宝藏。故选A。]
8．(2024·广西贺州三模)—Excuse me，could you tell me how to this problem？It's too difficult．
—OK．I'll help you later．
A．prepare B．solve C．cause
B [句意：——对不起，你能告诉我如何解决这个问题吗？太难了。——好的。我待会再帮你。考查动词。prepare准备；solve解决；cause造成。根据“could you tell me how to this problem？”和“I'll help you later．”可知，此处是指寻求帮助来解决这个问题。故选B。]
9．(2024·广西钦州二模)—Tom，it's time to the cat．It must be hungry now．
—Yes，mum．I am coming now．
A．hit B．protect C．feed
C [句意：——汤姆，该喂猫了。它现在一定饿了。——是的，妈妈。我现在就来。考查动词。hit撞击，碰撞；protect保护；feed饲养，喂养。根据“It must be hungry now．”可知，猫很饿了，由此可推测，此处是指现在到该喂猫的时间了。故选C。]
10．(2024·安徽合肥三模)To build a beautiful homeland，everyone needs to
the rules of respecting and protecting nature．
A．make B．compare
C．follow D．refuse
C [句意：建设美丽家园，人人都要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。考查动词。make制作；compare比较；follow遵循；refuse拒绝。根据“the rules of respecting and protecting nature”可知，此处指要遵守尊重自然、保护自然的原则。故选C。]
课时规范训练(三十三)
考查范围：专题8 非谓语动词
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安肥城模拟)He always feels lonely because he has trouble
(交流) with others．
communicating [句意：他总是感到孤独，因为他和别人交流有困难。communicate“交流”，have trouble doing sth．“做某事有困难”，固定搭配，空处应用动名词形式。故填communicating。]
2．(2024·济宁中考)It is said that Shen Nong was the first to (发现) tea as a drink．
discover [句意：据说神农是第一个发现茶是一种饮料的人。discover“发现”，动词；be the first to do sth．表示“第一个做某事”，空处用不定式作定语。故填discover。]
3．(2024·雅安中考)John likes to (喂) cows on his uncle's farm on weekends．
feed [句意：约翰喜欢周末在他叔叔的农场喂奶牛。feed“喂”，动词。like to do sth．“喜欢做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填feed。]
4．(2024·苏州中考)Stop (推) and just wait for your turn．
pushing [句意：别推了，等着轮到你就行。push“推”，动词。stop to do sth．“停下来去做某事”，stop doing sth．“停止正在做的某事”。此处指不要再推了，应用动名词作宾语。故填pushing。]
5．(2024·云南昆明三模)Our government made laws to stop people from
(浪费食物)．
wasting food [句意：我们的政府制定了法律来阻止人们浪费食物。waste food“浪费食物”；介词from后跟动名词作宾语。故填wasting food。]
6．(2024·江苏连云港模拟)Murder in a Country House is a horror film
(导演) by Cindy Clark．
directed [句意：《乡间小屋谋杀案》是一部由辛迪·克拉克导演的恐怖电影。根据句子结构，句中已有谓语动词is，此处应用非谓语动词，direct“导演”，与名词film之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此空处应填动词的过去分词，作后置定语修饰film。故填directed。]
7．(2024·安徽芜湖一模)Thank you for (提醒) us not to swim here．
reminding [句意：谢谢你提醒我们不要在这里游泳。根据汉语提示可知，remind“提醒”；thank sb．for doing sth．“感谢某人做某事”，for后面的动词需要用动名词形式，所以reminding“提醒”，符合题意。故填reminding。]
8．(2024·江苏宿迁三模)It's necessary for teenagers to learn how to (花费) their pocket money wisely．
spend [句意：青少年有必要学会如何明智地使用他们的零花钱。此处指对于青少年来说，故spend“花费”符合，动词，疑问词＋to do，作宾语。故填spend。]
9．(2024·江苏苏州二模)The world-famous engineer is busy (设计) a new type of eco-friendly bicycle．
designing [句意：那位世界著名的工程师正在忙着设计一款新型环保自行车。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用动词“design”，be busy doing sth．表示“忙着做某事”，因此此处动词需变为动名词“designing”。故填designing。]
10．(2024·江苏宿迁三模)Many young couples have got used to (记录) their children's life online．
recording [句意：许多年轻夫妇已经习惯了在网上记录孩子们的生活。record“记录”，动词；get used to doing sth．“习惯于做某事”，固定词组。故填recording。]
二、单项选择(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·宿迁中考)By reading the public signs，he had no difficulty in
the shopping mall．
A．find B．found
C．to find D．finding
D [句意：通过阅读公共标志，他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth．“做某事有困难”。故选D。]
2．(2024·绥化中考)The tea in China to many different countries and places each year．
A．is made; sent B．made; sent
C．made; is sent
C [句意：中国产的茶叶每年被运往许多不同的国家和地区。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea为不可数名词，与send之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语，修饰tea。故选C。]
3．(2024·龙东中考)Two dollars is enough to buy the bike，but I can't afford it．
A．hundreds; to buy B．hundreds; buy
C．hundred; to buy
C [句意：两百美元足够买自行车了，但是我买不起。考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时，用单数；动词短语afford to do sth．表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。]
4．(2024·天津中考)People may use different body language the same feelings．
A．show B．to show
C．showed D．shows
B [句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。考查非谓语动词。use sth．to do sth．“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式。故选B。]
5．(2024·黑龙江牡丹江中考) our students responsible and independent，military training (军训) has become a tradition in China．
A．Making B．To make C．Make
B [句意：为了培养学生的责任感和独立性，军训已成为中国的一个传统。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，军训是为了培养学生的责任感和独立性，应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。]
6．(2024·江苏扬州中考)China has made great efforts other countries build high-speed railways．
A．help B．to help
C．helping D．helped
B [句意：中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth．“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。]
7．(2023·扬州中考)Science is my favorite subject，so I have prepared the STEAM Club．
A．join B．joining
C．to join D．to joining
C [句意：科学是我最爱的学科，所以我已经准备加入STEAM俱乐部。考查非谓语动词。prepare to do sth．“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以此处用动词不定式。故选C。]
8．(2023·宿迁中考)—Our school will invite Mr．Wang us a talk on environmental protection next week．
—That's wonderful!
A．give B．to give
C．giving D．gave
B [句意：——下周我们学校将邀请王先生给我们做一个关于环境保护的演讲。——太棒了！考查非谓语动词。invite sb．to do sth．“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。]
9．(2023·天津中考)David learnt when he was five．
A．swim B．swims
C．swam D．to swim
D [句意：大卫五岁时就学习游泳。考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth．“学习做某事”，为固定短语。故选D。]
10．(2023·长春中考)We expect the world China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou．
A．understanding B．to understand
C．understood D．understand
B [句意：我们期待在杭州第19届亚运会后，世界能更好地了解中国。考查非谓语动词。expect sb．to do sth．“期待某人做某事”，此处应填动词不定式。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·陕西中考)The Turtle was not satisfied with his life．He wanted so much to 1 being a turtle．
“I'm tired of swimming about in the sea and moving around on the beach．Life is not 2 ，” he thought．“I want to be able to fly in the air like an eagle．”
He spoke to the Eagle about it．
“You're not built for 3 ，” the Eagle told the Turtle．“You don't have any wings．”
“Don't 4 that，” answered the Turtle．“I've watched how the birds do it for a long time．I've watched 5 how they fly and do things in the air．I think I really got it． 6 I don't have wings，I can make my four flippers (鳍足) act like wings of birds in the air，the way I do in the water．Just get me up there，and you'll see I can fly as well as any of the birds—probably even 7 ！ Besides，if you carry me as high as the clouds，I will bring you lots of nice pearls (珍珠) from the sea to show my thanks．”
The Eagle 8 at last，and carried the Turtle up high into the sky．
“Now then！” cried the Eagle．“Fly！”
But the moment the Turtle was on his own，he fell from the 9 ．He fell like a stone，and on a stone he landed．He hit it with such force that he broke into little pieces．
We need to 10 ourselves better so that we can make wiser decisions．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了乌龟觉得生活很无趣，想要尝试飞翔，他让鹰把自己带到山上，但最终结果可想而知。故事告诉我们：我们需要更好地了解自己，这样我们才能做出更明智的决定。
1．A．continue B．stop C．try
B [句意：他非常想不再做一只乌龟。continue继续；stop停止；try尝试。根据“The Turtle was not satisfied with his life．”可知，乌龟对自己的生活并不满意，所以他非常想不再做一只乌龟。故选B。]
2．A．interesting B．healthy C．busy
A [句意：生活是无趣的。interesting有趣的；healthy健康的；busy忙碌的。根据“I want to be able to fly in the air like an eagle．”可知，乌龟想能够像鹰一样在空中飞翔，所以乌龟是觉得生活很无趣。故选A。]
3．A．swimming B．running C．flying
C [句意：你不是为飞行而生的。swimming游泳；running跑；flying飞。根据“You don't have any wings．”可知，鹰告诉乌龟他不是为飞行而生的。故选C。]
4．A．look after B．hear about
C．worry about
C [句意：别担心。look after照顾；hear about听说；worry about担心。根据“I think I really got it．”可知，乌龟让鹰不要担心。故选C。]
5．A．quickly B．carefully C．strangely
B [句意：我仔细观察过它们是如何飞行和在空中做事情的。quickly迅速地；carefully仔细地；strangely奇怪地。根据“I've watched how they fly...really got it”可知，乌龟仔细观察过鸟儿如何飞行。故选B。]
6．A．Though B．Before C．Unless
A [句意：虽然我没有翅膀，但我可以让我的四个鳍足像鸟的翅膀一样在空中运动，就像我在水里一样。Though虽然；Before在……之前；Unless除非。前后两句构成让步关系，用Though引导让步状语从句。故选A。]
7．A．better B．lower C．nearer
A [句意：只要把我抬上去，你就会看到我飞得和任何鸟一样好——甚至可能更好！better更好；lower更低；nearer更近。根据“I can fly as well as any of the birds—probably even ！”
可知，乌龟说自己甚至可能飞得更好。故选A。]
8．A．refused B．agreed C．won
B [句意：鹰最后同意了，把乌龟抬上了天。refused拒绝；agreed同意；won赢得。根据“and carried the Turtle up high into the sky”可知，鹰最后同意了。故选B。]
9．A．tree B．house C．sky
C [句意：但是当乌龟独自一人的时候，他从天上掉了下来。tree树；house房子；sky天空。根据前文及“But the moment the Turtle was on his own，he fell from the ．”可知，乌龟从天上掉了下来。故选C。]
10．A．relax B．express C．understand
C [句意：我们需要更好地了解自己，这样我们才能做出更明智的决定。relax使放松；express表达；understand理解。根据前文及“We need to ourselves better so that we can make wiser decisions．”可知，我们需要更好地了解自己。故选C。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)
tell place hear water leaf stress many rapid whether through
Plant owners know it is difficult to find out what plants need，especially when 1． start yellowing and browning．But it turns out that plants may have been 2． you all along．A new study found that when plants are stressed，they make special sounds to say what's wrong．
Earlier studies had shown that plants shake when under stress．But for years，scientists have doubted 3． those shakes become sound waves or not．By studying tomato and tobacco (烟草) plants inside a greenhouse，researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that it's true—plants cry out for help 4． sounds．
“We found that plants usually make sounds when they are under 5． and that each plant and each type of stress is connected with a different sound，” a researcher said．Human adults can only hear frequencies (频率) up to 16 kilohertz (千赫)．In the study，special microphones were 6． about 10 centimeters from each plant and found sounds at frequencies between 20 and 250 kilohertz．And the more stressed plants were，the 7． they cried．
“We think that the sounds made by plants in nature are 8． by animals nearby and possibly also other plants that can hear the high frequencies，” another researcher said．However，humans can also use this information．All they need is the right tools—such as sensors (传感器) that tell growers when plants need 9． ．
This could prove especially helpful in farming，as researchers noted that “it can help save up to 50% of the water and increase the production 10． ．” This ability gets more important as climate change continues and the world continues to deal with food problems．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，当植物受到压力时，它们会发出特殊的声音来说明哪里出了问题。
1．leaves [句意：植物所有者知道很难找到植物需要什么，尤其是当叶子开始变黄和变褐的时候。根据“start yellowing and browning”可知，设空处指的是叶子，备选词leaf“叶子”符合语境，应填复数形式泛指类别。故填leaves。]
2．telling [句意：但事实证明，植物可能一直在告诉你。根据“But it turns out that plants may have been you all along．”并结合语境可知，该句指植物一直在告诉人们，只是人们没有察觉，备选词tell“告诉”符合语境，该句是现在完成进行时，故填所给词的现在分词。故填telling。]
3．whether [句意：但多年来，科学家们一直怀疑这些震动是否会变成声波。根据“those shakes become sound waves or not”可知，这里指的是怀疑这些震动是否会变成声波，whether...or not“是否”，备选词whether符合题意。故填whether。]
4．through [句意：通过在温室里研究番茄和烟草，特拉维夫大学的研究人员发现这是真的——植物通过声音来求救。根据“sounds”可知，这里指的是通过声音求救，备选词through“通过”符合语境。故填through。]
5．stress [句意：我们发现植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音，每种植物和每种类型的压力都与不同的声音有关。根据“and that each plant and each type of stress is connected with a different sound”可知，这里指的是受到压力会发出声音，备选词stress“压力”符合语境，泛指压力，为不可数名词。故填stress。]
6．placed [句意：在这项研究中，特殊的麦克风被放置在距离每棵植物大约10厘米的地方，发现了频率在20到250千赫之间的声音。根据“special microphones were about 10 centimeters from each plant”可知，这里指的是特殊的麦克风被放置在植物旁，备选词place“放置”符合语境，结合设空处前的“were”可知，这里是被动语态，指的是被放置，因此填过去分词。故填placed。]
7．more [句意：植物的压力越大，它们哭得越多。根据“And the more stressed plants were，the”可知，这里指压力越大，它们哭得越多，设空处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”的结构，备选词many的比较级more符合题意。故填more。]
8．heard [句意：我们认为，大自然中植物发出的声音会被附近的动物听到，可能其他植物也能听到高频率。根据“the sounds made by plants in nature are
by animals nearby”可知，这里指的是声音会被附近的动物听到，备选词hear“听”符合语境，指的是被听到，填过去分词。故填heard。]
9．watering [句意：它们所需要的只是合适的工具——比如告诉种植者植物何时需要浇水的传感器。根据“such as sensors (传感器) that tell growers when plants need”可知，设空处可以表达为需要浇水，备选词water“浇水”符合语境，need doing“需要做某事(表被动)”。故填watering。]
10．rapidly [句意：它可以帮助节省高达50%的水，并迅速提高产量。根据“increase the production”可知，设空处可表达为迅速提高产量，备选词rapid的副词rapidly“迅速地”，修饰动词“increase”。故填rapidly。]
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