专题9 时态和语态
砥志研思·语法点摸脉络
练多维
1．encouraged [句意：学校应通过劳动教育，鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯。根据“to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education”可推出是鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯，encourage“鼓励”，与主语students之间是动宾关系，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，be动词后接过去分词encouraged。故填(e)ncouraged。]
2．held [句意：据悉，第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨举行。根据首字母提示及“Asian Winter Games will be h in Harbin”可知，此处指的是hold“举行”，此处是一般将来时的被动语态，动词用过去分词形式。故填(h)eld。]
3．taught [句意：我们中国人是多么自豪啊！世界上许多不同的国家都教授汉语。teach“教”，动词，与主语“Chinese”之间是被动关系，即“汉语被教”，故动词teach应用过去分词taught，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填taught。]
4．succeeded [句意：他们成功完成了这个月的销售目标。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语动词；“成功”译成succeed；结合时间状语this month可知，这里要用一般过去时。故填succeeded。]
5．translated [句意：这本小说去年被译成了英语和法语。根据“into English and French”可知，此处是指小说被译成了英语和法语。translate“翻译”，动词，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填(t)ranslated。]
6．was built [句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。]
7．is [句意：别灰心，儿子。总会有出路的。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a way”。故填is。]
8．am attending [句意：你介意把音乐关小一点吗？我现在正在参加一个在线会议。attend“参加”，动词。根据“Do you mind turning down the music？”及“now”可知，正在参加会议，应为现在进行时，结构是be doing，主语是第一人称I，be动词用am。故填am attending。]
9．Keep [句意：保持冷静，继续前进。还有很长的路要走。keep “保持”，动词。此处表祈使语气，应用动词原形，句首的首字母要大写。故填Keep。]
10．started [句意：无锡地铁S1线于2024年1月31日开始运营。根据“on January 31st，2024”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填started。]
11．will take [句意：有些人认为机器人将来会抢走人类的大部分工作。根据“in the future”可知，是一般将来时。故填will take。]
12．have worked [句意：神舟十八号的宇航员自4月下旬以来一直在天宫空间站工作。根据“since late April”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have worked。](共76张PPT)
专题9 时态与语态
语法导航 知识点构主干
砥志研思 语法点摸脉络
一般现在时
考点一 时态
构成 (1)主语＋am/is/are＋其他
(2)主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式＋其他
标志词 always，usually，often，never等频度副词，every day/week/month/year等
用法 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。
(2)表示客观事实和真理。
(3)主将从现：若一个复合句含有由when，after，before，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if，unless，as long as，once等引导的条件状语从句，主句若用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
(4)表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，但仅限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive等。
一般过去时
构成 (1)主语＋was/were＋其他
(2)主语＋动词过去式＋其他
标志词 yesterday，ago，last night/week/month，just now，in the past，in＋过去的年份，long long ago，once upon a time 等
用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2)表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作，常与always，usually，often，sometimes，never等频度副词连用。
(3)在since引导的时间状语从句中， 从句用一般过去时。
一般将来时
构成 (1)主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形＋其他
(2)主语＋will/shall＋动词原形＋其他
标志词 tonight，tomorrow，soon，next week/month，in the future，in a week，in＋将来的年份，in＋一段时间
用法 (1)be going to＋动词原形， 表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。
(2)表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
(3)祈使句， and/or＋含有将来时态的句子。
(4)“be about to＋动词原形”和“be to＋动词原形”结构，表示即将发生的动作
现在进行时
构成 主语＋am/is/are ＋动词-ing形式＋其他
标志词 now，at the moment，these days，right now等， 也常与look，listen等连用。
用法 (1)表示此刻正在发生的动作。
(2)表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，谈话此刻不一定正在进行，常用的时间状语有“this/these＋表示一段时间的名词”。
(3)be doing表示将来，常用于这种结构的动词有come，go，leave，arrive，start，begin等， 表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
过去进行时
构成 主语＋was/were＋动词-ing形式＋其他
标志词 at that time，at this time yesterday，at 1：00 last night，at that moment，then 等
用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。
(2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。
(3)过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。
用法 (4)在含有由when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，过去进行时的运用：
①在含有由 when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中， 从句用一般过去时， 主句用过去进行时， 表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
②在含有由 while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，主句与从句均用过去进行时， 表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行， while意为“当……的时候， 同时”。
现在完成时
构成 主语＋have/has＋动词-ed形式＋其他
标志词 already，yet，before，just，ever，never，so far，recently，in the past/last five years，since，“for＋时间段”等
用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。
(2)表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，且含有表示一段时间的时间状语， 谓语动词应用延续性动词。
【注意】 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和一段时间连用。
考点二 语态
语态是表示主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
被动语态
被动语态的基本结构为助动词be＋动词的过去分词，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
考法1 常考时态的被动语态
时态 被动语态 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 The computer is used in class every day．
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 This novel was written by Lu Xun．
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever．
时态 被动语态 例句
现在完成时 have/has been＋过去分词 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries．
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋过去分词 The trees must be planted behind the house．
【注意】 新课标要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态。
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。
考法2 主动语态变被动语态的方法
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要说明谁是动作的执行者时。
The book was published in 2022．
这本书是2022年出版的。
2．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
This poem is written by Li Bai．
这首诗是由李白写的。
3．句子的主语是物时
This kind of car is made in China．
这种汽车是中国制造的。
考法3 使用被动语态的情况
1．need/want/require＋doing相当于need/want/require＋to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。
Your car needs washing．＝Your car needs to be washed．你的汽车需要清洗了。
2．look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
The food looks bad，but it tastes good．
这食物看起来不好，但是尝起来很可口。
考法4 主动结构表示被动意义
3．open，lock，write，read，sell，wash，clean等作不及物动词，它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表被动意义。
This kind of pen sells well．
这种钢笔卖得好。
4．be worth doing“值得做”，用主动结构表被动意义。
This book is worth reading．
这本书值得一读。
1．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Students should be e__________ by schools to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education．
encouraged [句意：学校应通过劳动教育，鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯。根据“to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education”可推出是鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯，encourage“鼓励”，与主语students之间是动宾关系，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，be动词后接过去分词encouraged。故填(e)ncouraged。]
ncouraged
2．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)It's reported that the 9th Asian Winter Games will be h_____ in Harbin in 2025．
held [句意：据悉，第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨举行。根据首字母提示及“Asian Winter Games will be h________ in Harbin”可知，此处指的是hold“举行”，此处是一般将来时的被动语态，动词用过去分词形式。故填(h)eld。]
eld
3．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)How proud we Chinese are! Chinese is ______ (教) in many different countries all over the world．
taught [句意：我们中国人是多么自豪啊！世界上许多不同的国家都教授汉语。teach“教”，动词，与主语“Chinese”之间是被动关系，即“汉语被教”，故动词teach应用过去分词taught，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填taught。]
taught
4．They ________ (成功) in achieving their sales target for this month．
succeeded [句意：他们成功完成了这个月的销售目标。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语动词；“成功”译成succeed；结合时间状语this month可知，这里要用一般过去时。故填succeeded。]
succeeded
5．This novel was t_________ into English and French last year．
translated [句意：这本小说去年被译成了英语和法语。根据“into English and French”可知，此处是指小说被译成了英语和法语。translate“翻译”，动词，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填(t)ranslated。]
ranslated
6．(2024·无锡中考)This stone bridge ________(build) over 800 years ago．
was built [句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。]
was built
7．Don't lose heart，son．There __ (be) always a way out．
is [句意：别灰心，儿子。总会有出路的。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a way”。故填is。]
is
8．Do you mind turning down the music I ____________ (attend) an online meeting now．
am attending [句意：你介意把音乐关小一点吗？我现在正在参加一个在线会议。attend“参加”，动词。根据“Do you mind turning down the music？”及“now”可知，正在参加会议，应为现在进行时，结构是be doing，主语是第一人称I，be动词用am。故填am attending。]
am attending
9．_____ (keep) calm and carry on．There's still a long way to go．
Keep [句意：保持冷静，继续前进。还有很长的路要走。keep “保持”，动词。此处表祈使语气，应用动词原形，句首的首字母要大写。故填Keep。]
Keep
10．Wuxi Metro Line S1 ________ (start) to operate on January 31st，2024．
started [句意：无锡地铁S1线于2024年1月31日开始运营。根据“on January 31st，2024”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填started。]
started
11．Some people believe robots ________ (take) most jobs away from humans in the future．
will take [句意：有些人认为机器人将来会抢走人类的大部分工作。根据“in the future”可知，是一般将来时。故填will take。]
will take
12．The Shenzhou 18 astronauts ____________ (work) in Tiangong space station since late April．
have worked [句意：神舟十八号的宇航员自4月下旬以来一直在天宫空间站工作。根据“since late April”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have worked。]
have worked
课时规范训练(三十四)
考查范围：专题9 时态和语态
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)More teenagers are __________(鼓励) to take part in more volunteer activities．
encouraged [句意：鼓励更多的青少年参加更多的志愿者活动。鼓励：encourage，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填encouraged。]
encouraged
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Whoever breaks the laws will sooner or later be caught and will be ________ (惩罚)．
punished [句意：无论谁犯法，迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚。punish“惩罚”，此处是“will be done”结构，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填punished。]
punished
3．(2024·泰安东岳中学模拟)The accident could be ________ (避免) if you drove your car more carefully．
avoided [句意：如果你开车更小心一点，事故就可以避免了。avoid“避免”；根据“The accident could be”可知，此处为含情态动词的被动语态，表示“事故是可以避免的”，结构：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。故填avoided。]
avoided
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)I don't ______ (后悔) many things about my school days，for they are just part of my life．
regret [句意：我对学生时代的许多事情并不后悔，因为它们只是我生活的一部分。regret“后悔”，助动词“don't”后接动词原形。故填regret。]
regret
5．As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese is ______ (教) in more and more countries．
taught [句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在越来越多的国家被教授。teach“教”，动词，与主语“Chinese”存在被动关系，即“汉语被教”，故动词teach应用过去分词taught，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填taught。]
taught
6．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Students are not _______(允许) to eat in class．We should follow the school rules．
allowed [句意：学生不被允许在课堂上吃东西。我们应该遵守校规。be allowed to do sth．“被允许做某事”。故填allowed。]
allowed
7．(2024·泰安东平模拟)Wei Fang's handwriting ___________ (提高)a lot since she started practicing it every day．
has improved [句意：自从开始每天练习以来，魏芳的书法进步了很多。since＋过去时间，主句用现在完成时态。故填has improved。]
has improved
8．(2024·乐山中考)Fan Jinshi ________ (计划) and worked on the largest protection program in the history of the Mogao Caves(莫高窟)．
planned [句意：樊锦诗策划并参与了莫高窟历史上规模最大的保护项目。plan“计划”，根据“worked”可知，此处是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填planned。]
planned
9．(2023·泰安中考)Mr．Zhang is an experienced teacher．He has ______ (教) geography for over thirty years．
taught [句意：张先生是一位经验丰富的老师。他教地理已经三十多年了。根据“Mr．Zhang is an experienced teacher．”可知张先生教授地理，teach“教”，动词，根据“has” 提示短语，for引导时间段，可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填taught。]
taught
10．(2024·泰安二模)Although we will ________(分离) from each other someday，the connection between us won't be cut off forever．
separate [句意：虽然有一天我们会分开，但我们之间的联系永远不会被切断。根据“the connection between us won't be cut off forever”及首字母提示可知，前句应表达虽然有一天我们会分开，separate from sb．“与某人分开”，助动词will后面加动词原形。故填separate。]
separate
二、单项选择(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
1．(2024·乐山中考)—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years．
—The government has made a great effort on it．I'm sure this problem ________ one day in the future．
A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved
√
C [句意：——这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少了。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系，且结合“in the future”可知，此处是指未来，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C。]
2．(2024·北京中考)With the help of my teacher，I ________ much progress in English since last year．
A．am making B．will make
C．was making D．have made
√
D [句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。]
3．(2024·北京中考)—Amy，you didn't answer my call yesterday evening．What were you doing
—Sorry，I didn't hear the ring．I ________ a book in my study．
A．am reading B．have read
C．was reading D．will read
√
C [句意：——艾米，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？
——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。考查动词时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing？”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。]
4．(2023·滨州中考)—Sorry，I can't hear you clearly．I ________ a football match．
—OK．I'll ring you up later．
A．watch B．watched
C．am watching D．was watching
√
C [句意：——对不起，我听不清你说话。我正在观看一场足球赛。
——好的。我一会儿再给你打电话。考查动词时态。根据“I can't hear you clearly”可知，因为正在看球赛，所以没有听清对方所说的话，此处应用现在进行时。故选C。]
5．(2023·北京中考)If you go to the concert with us tomorrow，you ________ a great time there．
A．have B．had
C．will have D．have had
√
C [句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你在那里会玩得很开心。考查动词时态。if引导条件状语从句时遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句为一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时。故选C。]
6．(2023·河北中考)This book must be great．My sister ________ it five times．
A．reads B．has read
C．is reading D．was reading
√
B [句意：这本书一定很棒，我妹妹已经读了五遍了。考查动词时态。此处强调动作已经完成，要用现在完成时。故选B。]
7．(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon ________in the Space Club next week．
A．shows B．is showing
C．were shown D．will be shown
√
D [句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。考查动词时态和语态。根据“next week”可知，句子应用一般将来时，主语some photos of the moon是动词show表示的动作的承受者，因此该句要用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be＋过去分词。故选D。]
8．(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character．It ________ by people of all ages．
A．is loved B．was loved
C．will love D．is loving
√
A [句意：美猴王是一个中国传统的角色。它深受各年龄段人们的喜爱。考查动词时态和语态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指美猴王被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，所以用一般现在时。故选A。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·凉山州中考)“Pure love，only for China．” When the host of the Harbin Ice and Snow World read out the words in a lost phone to find its owner，people all cheered for these 1 words on the wallpaper (屏保) of the phone．These words were written by Chen Xiangrong who lost his life for the safety of our country．The 2 of the lost phone is a student from Heilongjiang University．Her family name is Xie．
Xie knew Chen Xiangrong when she 3 in a high school．One day，she learned about Chen's story from a newspaper and was deeply moved．Since then，Xie has regarded Chen as 4 and hoped one day she could also serve our country like him．She has kept Chen's words “Pure love，only for China．” in 5 phone together with a Chinese national flag as an inspiration．
To her surprise，the wallpaper 6 on the Internet suddenly．Even many people asked for the wallpaper．“I am very 7 that many young people hold the same dream as me．We all have a feeling of responsibility and big 8 ，” Xie said．“I believe that through our hard work，our country will be stronger and stronger! We will 9 to create a better future for our country！”
We Chinese people are confident，ambitious and responsible．“Pure love，only for China．” 10 these words are simple，they show our strong respect，love and loyalty to our country．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一位女孩的手机屏保“清澈的爱，只为中国”在网络上走红。这句话是英雄陈祥榕的战斗口号，这句话代表了中国人对祖国的尊重、爱和忠诚。
√
1．A．funny B．touching C．scary
B [句意：当哈尔滨冰雪大世界的主持人读出一部丢失的手机中的文字以寻找失主时，人们都为手机屏保上这些感人的文字欢呼。funny有趣的；touching感人的；scary恐怖的。根据“Pure love，only for China．”可知，“清澈的爱，只为中国”是一句感人的话。故选B。]
√
2．A．owner B．wallpaper C．picture
A [句意：丢失手机的主人是黑龙江大学的一名学生。owner主人；wallpaper屏保；picture照片。根据“The ________ of the lost phone is a student from Heilongjiang University．”可知，手机失主是一位来自黑龙江大学的学生。故选A。]
√
3．A．taught B．played C．studied
C [句意：谢在高中时就知道了陈祥榕。taught教；played玩；studied学习。根据“a student from Heilongjiang University”及“when she ________ in a high school”可知，谢是一位学生，她在高中学习时就知晓了陈祥榕的事迹。故选C。]
√
4．A．a host B．a student C．an example
C [句意：从那时起，谢就以陈祥榕为榜样，希望有一天她也能像他一样为国效力。a host一个东道主；a student一个学生；an example一个榜样。根据“Since then，Xie has regarded Chen as ________ and hoped one day she could also serve our country like him．”可知，谢将陈祥榕视为榜样，希望能够像他一样为祖国服务。故选C。]
√
5．A．his B．her C．our
B [句意：她把陈祥榕的“清澈的爱，只为中国”和一面中国国旗放在手机里作为灵感。his他的；her她的；our我们的。根据“She has kept Chen's words ‘Pure love，only for China．’”可知，谢把这句话放在她自己的手机里。谢是女性，用物主代词her。故选B。]
√
6．A．was broken B．got lost
C．became popular
C [句意：令她惊讶的是，屏保突然在网上走红。was broken破碎的；got lost丢失；became popular变得受欢迎。根据“Even many people asked for the wallpaper．”可知，“清澈的爱，只为中国”在网上变得受欢迎，很多人都想要这个屏保。故选C。]
√
7．A．excited B．bored C．sorry
A [句意：很多年轻人和我有着同样的梦想，我感到非常兴奋。excited兴奋的；bored无聊的；sorry抱歉的。根据“I am very ________ that many young people hold the same dream as me．”可知，谢知道很多年轻人和自己怀揣着同样的梦想，她是感到兴奋的。故选A。]
√
8．A．phones B．dreams C．problems
B [句意：我们都有责任感和远大的梦想。phones手机；dreams梦想；problems问题。根据“We all have a feeling of responsibility and big ________”可知，谢和很多年轻人都有责任感和远大的梦想。故选B。]
√
9．A．try our best B．feel free C．write words
A [句意：我们会尽最大努力为我们的国家创造更美好的未来！try our best尽我们最大努力；feel free请随意；write words写字。根据“We will ________ to create a better future for our country！”可知，以谢为代表的人们会尽最大努力为祖国创造更美好的未来。故选A。]
10．A．So B．Although C．Unless
B [句意：虽然这句话很简单，但它表明了我们对国家强烈的尊重、爱和忠诚。So因此；Although尽管；Unless除非。根据“________ these words are simple，they show our strong respect，love and loyalty to our country．”可知，虽然这句话很简单，但是蕴含着中国人对祖国强烈的尊重、爱和忠诚，although引导让步状语从句。故选B。]
√
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泰安肥城模拟)
keep experience raise choose until deep although proud through young
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts started their space mission (任务) on Oct．26． Their spaceship took off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center．On the spaceship were three astronauts：Tang Hongbo，48; Tang Shengjie，33; and Jiang Xinlin，35． Their spaceship then joined with the Tiangong space station．They would do science studies and tests in space，as well as spacewalks．The Shenzhou 17 team，on average (平均地)，has the space station's 1．________ astronauts．
youngest
One of the astronauts Jiang Xinlin is from Henan．Both of his parents are farmers．They didn't know their son was an astronaut 2．_____ Oct．26． They felt very 3．______ of their son and watched the news live on TV with their neighbors and relatives．Jiang has two sisters and a brother，they lived a poor life when he was young．Their family could only make a living by growing crops and 4．_______ sheep in a small village．Jiang Xinlin had to work to support his family when he was only fifteen years old．5．_________ it was tiring and hard
until
proud
raising
Although
that time，he never gave up．He 6．_____ on studying after work every day．Later，his brother gave up study and found work to support their study．This hard 7．__________ made him unforgettable，but also let him 8．______ understand that only studying can lead to a better future．After attending junior high school，Jiang Xinlin studied even harder and entered a military academy when he
kept
experience
deeply
graduated．He worked as a pilot for about ten years and became an astronaut in 2020． As an astronaut，you should not only have a strong body，but also much professional knowledge．Jiang Xinlin practiced necessary skills in the daytime and learned knowledge in the evening．At last，he was 9．_______ as the Shenzhou 17 astronaut．
10．________ hard work，Jiang Xinlin proves that if we keep working hard and never give up，we can surely make our dreams come true．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了神舟十七号的宇航员，讲述了江新林成为宇航员的历程。
chosen
Through
1．youngest [句意：神舟十七号团队，平均拥有空间站最年轻的宇航员。根据“on average (平均地)，has the space station's ________ astronauts．”及备选单词可知，空处应表达空间站最年轻的宇航员，young“年轻的”，形容词原级，此处应用最高级表示空间站最年轻的宇航员。故填youngest。]
2．until [句意：直到10月26日他们才知道他们的儿子是一名宇航员。根据“They didn't know their son was an astronaut ________ Oct．26．”可知，空处应表达直到10月26日才知道儿子是宇航员，not...until...“直到……才”。故填until。]
3．proud [句意：他们为自己的儿子感到自豪并与邻居和亲戚一起观看了电视上的新闻直播。根据“They didn't know their son was an astronaut ________ Oct．26．”并结合常识可知，知道自己的儿子是宇航员应该感到自豪，proud“自豪的”，feel后面跟形容词。故填proud。]
4．raising [句意：他们一家只能在一个小村庄里种庄稼和养羊为生。根据“sheep”及备选单词可知，空处应表达养羊，raise“养”，介词by后面跟动名词。故填raising。]
5．Although [句意：虽然那段时间很累也很辛苦，但他从未放弃。根据“it was tiring and hard that time，he never gave up”可知，前后表示让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Although。]
6．kept [句意：他每天下班后继续学习。根据“He ________ on studying after work every day．”及备选单词可知，空处应表达继续学习，keep on doing sth．“继续做某事”，时态为一般过去时，keep的过去式为kept。故填kept。]
7．experience [句意：这段艰辛的经历让他刻骨铭心，也让他深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来。根据“This hard ________ made him unforgettable”及备选单词可知，空处应表达艰辛的经历，experience“经历”，此处作可数名词。故填experience。]
8．deeply [句意：这段艰辛的经历让他刻骨铭心，也让他深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来。根据“understand that only studying can lead to a better future”及备选单词可知，空处应表达深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来，deep“深刻的”，形容词，空处修饰动词understand，用副词形式。故填deeply。]
9．chosen [句意：最后，他被选为神舟十七号宇航员。根据“he was ________ as the Shenzhou 17 astronaut”及备选单词可知，此处应表达被选为宇航员，choose“选择”，此处为被动语态，应用动词的过去分词，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填chosen。]
10．Through [句意：通过努力，江新林证明了如果我们坚持不懈、永不放弃，我们一定可以让我们的梦想成真。根据“hard work”及备选单词可知，空处应表达通过努力工作，through“通过”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Through。]考点一 时态
一般现在时
构成 (1)主语＋am/is/are＋其他 (2)主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式＋其他
标志词 always，usually，often，never等频度副词，every day/week/month/year等
用法 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。 (2)表示客观事实和真理。 (3)主将从现：若一个复合句含有由when，after，before，until，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句或由if，unless，as long as，once等引导的条件状语从句，主句若用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。 (4)表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表示将来，但仅限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive等。
一般过去时
构成 (1)主语＋was/were＋其他 (2)主语＋动词过去式＋其他
标志词 yesterday，ago，last night/week/month，just now，in the past，in＋过去的年份，long long ago，once upon a time 等
用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。 (2)表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作，常与always，usually，often，sometimes，never等频度副词连用。 (3)在since引导的时间状语从句中， 从句用一般过去时。
一般将来时
构成 (1)主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形＋其他 (2)主语＋will/shall＋动词原形＋其他
标志词 tonight，tomorrow，soon，next week/month，in the future，in a week，in＋将来的年份，in＋一段时间
用法 (1)be going to＋动词原形， 表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。 (2)表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 (3)祈使句， and/or＋含有将来时态的句子。 (4)“be about to＋动词原形”和“be to＋动词原形”结构，表示即将发生的动作
现在进行时
构成 主语＋am/is/are ＋动词-ing形式＋其他
标志词 now，at the moment，these days，right now等， 也常与look，listen等连用。
用法 (1)表示此刻正在发生的动作。 (2)表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，谈话此刻不一定正在进行，常用的时间状语有“this/these＋表示一段时间的名词”。 (3)be doing表示将来，常用于这种结构的动词有come，go，leave，arrive，start，begin等， 表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。
过去进行时
构成 主语＋was/were＋动词-ing形式＋其他
标志词 at that time，at this time yesterday，at 1：00 last night，at that moment，then 等
用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。 (2)表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。 (3)过去进行时常与always等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。 (4)在含有由when或while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，过去进行时的运用： ①在含有由 when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句中， 从句用一般过去时， 主句用过去进行时， 表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 ②在含有由 while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，主句与从句均用过去进行时， 表示动作在过去某一时刻同时进行， while意为“当……的时候， 同时”。
现在完成时
构成 主语＋have/has＋动词-ed形式＋其他
标志词 already，yet，before，just，ever，never，so far，recently，in the past/last five years，since，“for＋时间段”等
用法 (1)表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响。 (2)表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，且含有表示一段时间的时间状语， 谓语动词应用延续性动词。
【注意】 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和一段时间连用。
考点二 语态
语态是表示主语和谓语动词之间关系的一种动词形式，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。
被动语态
被动语态的基本结构为助动词be＋动词的过去分词，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。
考法1 常考时态的被动语态
时态 被动语态 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词 The computer is used in class every day．
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 This novel was written by Lu Xun．
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever．
现在完成时 have/has been＋过去分词 Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries．
含情态动词 情态动词＋be＋过去分词 The trees must be planted behind the house．
【注意】 新课标要求掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态。
考法2 主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。
考法3 使用被动语态的情况
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要说明谁是动作的执行者时。
The book was published in 2022．
这本书是2022年出版的。
2．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
This poem is written by Li Bai．
这首诗是由李白写的。
3．句子的主语是物时
This kind of car is made in China．
这种汽车是中国制造的。
考法4 主动结构表示被动意义
1．need/want/require＋doing相当于need/want/require＋to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。
Your car needs washing．＝Your car needs to be washed．你的汽车需要清洗了。
2．look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。
The food looks bad，but it tastes good．
这食物看起来不好，但是尝起来很可口。
3．open，lock，write，read，sell，wash，clean等作不及物动词，它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表被动意义。
This kind of pen sells well．
这种钢笔卖得好。
4．be worth doing“值得做”，用主动结构表被动意义。
This book is worth reading．
这本书值得一读。
1．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Students should be e by schools to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education．
encouraged [句意：学校应通过劳动教育，鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯。根据“to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education”可推出是鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯，encourage“鼓励”，与主语students之间是动宾关系，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，be动词后接过去分词encouraged。故填(e)ncouraged。]
2．(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)It's reported that the 9th Asian Winter Games will be h
in Harbin in 2025．
held [句意：据悉，第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年在哈尔滨举行。根据首字母提示及“Asian Winter Games will be h in Harbin”可知，此处指的是hold“举行”，此处是一般将来时的被动语态，动词用过去分词形式。故填(h)eld。]
3．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)How proud we Chinese are! Chinese is (教) in many different countries all over the world．
taught [句意：我们中国人是多么自豪啊！世界上许多不同的国家都教授汉语。teach“教”，动词，与主语“Chinese”之间是被动关系，即“汉语被教”，故动词teach应用过去分词taught，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填taught。]
4．They (成功) in achieving their sales target for this month．
succeeded [句意：他们成功完成了这个月的销售目标。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语动词；“成功”译成succeed；结合时间状语this month可知，这里要用一般过去时。故填succeeded。]
5．This novel was t into English and French last year．
translated [句意：这本小说去年被译成了英语和法语。根据“into English and French”可知，此处是指小说被译成了英语和法语。translate“翻译”，动词，此处是一般过去时的被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填(t)ranslated。]
6．(2024·无锡中考)This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago．
was built [句意：这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。]
7．Don't lose heart，son．There (be) always a way out．
is [句意：别灰心，儿子。总会有出路的。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a way”。故填is。]
8．Do you mind turning down the music？I (attend) an online meeting now．
am attending [句意：你介意把音乐关小一点吗？我现在正在参加一个在线会议。attend“参加”，动词。根据“Do you mind turning down the music？”及“now”可知，正在参加会议，应为现在进行时，结构是be doing，主语是第一人称I，be动词用am。故填am attending。]
9． (keep) calm and carry on．There's still a long way to go．
Keep [句意：保持冷静，继续前进。还有很长的路要走。keep “保持”，动词。此处表祈使语气，应用动词原形，句首的首字母要大写。故填Keep。]
10．Wuxi Metro Line S1 (start) to operate on January 31st，2024．
started [句意：无锡地铁S1线于2024年1月31日开始运营。根据“on January 31st，2024”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填started。]
11．Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future．
will take [句意：有些人认为机器人将来会抢走人类的大部分工作。根据“in the future”可知，是一般将来时。故填will take。]
12．The Shenzhou 18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April．
have worked [句意：神舟十八号的宇航员自4月下旬以来一直在天宫空间站工作。根据“since late April”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have worked。]
课时规范训练(三十四)
考查范围：专题9 时态和语态
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)More teenagers are (鼓励) to take part in more volunteer activities．
encouraged [句意：鼓励更多的青少年参加更多的志愿者活动。鼓励：encourage，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填encouraged。]
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Whoever breaks the laws will sooner or later be caught and will be (惩罚)．
punished [句意：无论谁犯法，迟早会被抓住并受到惩罚。punish“惩罚”，此处是“will be done”结构，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填punished。]
3．(2024·泰安东岳中学模拟)The accident could be (避免) if you drove your car more carefully．
avoided [句意：如果你开车更小心一点，事故就可以避免了。avoid“避免”；根据“The accident could be”可知，此处为含情态动词的被动语态，表示“事故是可以避免的”，结构：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。故填avoided。]
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)I don't (后悔) many things about my school days，for they are just part of my life．
regret [句意：我对学生时代的许多事情并不后悔，因为它们只是我生活的一部分。regret“后悔”，助动词“don't”后接动词原形。故填regret。]
5．As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese is (教) in more and more countries．
taught [句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在越来越多的国家被教授。teach“教”，动词，与主语“Chinese”存在被动关系，即“汉语被教”，故动词teach应用过去分词taught，与is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填taught。]
6．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Students are not (允许) to eat in class．We should follow the school rules．
allowed [句意：学生不被允许在课堂上吃东西。我们应该遵守校规。be allowed to do sth．“被允许做某事”。故填allowed。]
7．(2024·泰安东平模拟)Wei Fang's handwriting (提高)a lot since she started practicing it every day．
has improved [句意：自从开始每天练习以来，魏芳的书法进步了很多。since＋过去时间，主句用现在完成时态。故填has improved。]
8．(2024·乐山中考)Fan Jinshi (计划) and worked on the largest protection program in the history of the Mogao Caves(莫高窟)．
planned [句意：樊锦诗策划并参与了莫高窟历史上规模最大的保护项目。plan“计划”，根据“worked”可知，此处是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填planned。]
9．(2023·泰安中考)Mr．Zhang is an experienced teacher．He has (教) geography for over thirty years．
taught [句意：张先生是一位经验丰富的老师。他教地理已经三十多年了。根据“Mr．Zhang is an experienced teacher．”可知张先生教授地理，teach“教”，动词，根据“has” 提示短语，for引导时间段，可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词。故填taught。]
10．(2024·泰安二模)Although we will (分离) from each other someday，the connection between us won't be cut off forever．
separate [句意：虽然有一天我们会分开，但我们之间的联系永远不会被切断。根据“the connection between us won't be cut off forever”及首字母提示可知，前句应表达虽然有一天我们会分开，separate from sb．“与某人分开”，助动词will后面加动词原形。故填separate。]
二、单项选择(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
1．(2024·乐山中考)—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years．
—The government has made a great effort on it．I'm sure this problem one day in the future．
A．was solved B．solves C．will be solved
C [句意：——这些年来，乐山的污染越来越少了。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系，且结合“in the future”可知，此处是指未来，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态，形式为will be done。故选C。]
2．(2024·北京中考)With the help of my teacher，I much progress in English since last year．
A．am making B．will make
C．was making D．have made
D [句意：在老师的帮助下，我自去年以来在英语方面取得了很大的进步。考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故选D。]
3．(2024·北京中考)—Amy，you didn't answer my call yesterday evening．What were you doing
—Sorry，I didn't hear the ring．I a book in my study．
A．am reading B．have read
C．was reading D．will read
C [句意：——艾米，你昨天晚上没接我的电话。你在干什么？——对不起，我没听到铃声。我当时正在书房里读书。考查动词时态。read阅读；am reading现在进行时；have read现在完成时；was reading过去进行时；will read一般将来时。根据“yesterday evening”和问句“What were you doing？”可知，此处是在描述过去某一时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。]
4．(2023·滨州中考)—Sorry，I can't hear you clearly．I a football match．
—OK．I'll ring you up later．
A．watch B．watched
C．am watching D．was watching
C [句意：——对不起，我听不清你说话。我正在观看一场足球赛。——好的。我一会儿再给你打电话。
考查动词时态。根据“I can't hear you clearly”可知，因为正在看球赛，所以没有听清对方所说的话，此处应用现在进行时。故选C。]
5．(2023·北京中考)If you go to the concert with us tomorrow，you a great time there．
A．have B．had
C．will have D．have had
C [句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你在那里会玩得很开心。考查动词时态。if引导条件状语从句时遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句为一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时。故选C。]
6．(2023·河北中考)This book must be great．My sister it five times．
A．reads B．has read
C．is reading D．was reading
B [句意：这本书一定很棒，我妹妹已经读了五遍了。考查动词时态。此处强调动作已经完成，要用现在完成时。故选B。]
7．(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon in the Space Club next week．
A．shows B．is showing
C．were shown D．will be shown
D [句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。考查动词时态和语态。根据“next week”可知，句子应用一般将来时，主语some photos of the moon是动词show表示的动作的承受者，因此该句要用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be＋过去分词。故选D。]
8．(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character．It
by people of all ages．
A．is loved B．was loved
C．will love D．is loving
A [句意：美猴王是一个中国传统的角色。它深受各年龄段人们的喜爱。考查动词时态和语态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指美猴王被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，所以用一般现在时。故选A。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·凉山州中考)“Pure love，only for China．” When the host of the Harbin Ice and Snow World read out the words in a lost phone to find its owner，people all cheered for these 1 words on the wallpaper (屏保) of the phone．These words were written by Chen Xiangrong who lost his life for the safety of our country．The 2 of the lost phone is a student from Heilongjiang University．Her family name is Xie．
Xie knew Chen Xiangrong when she 3 in a high school．One day，she learned about Chen's story from a newspaper and was deeply moved．Since then，Xie has regarded Chen as 4 and hoped one day she could also serve our country like him．She has kept Chen's words “Pure love，only for China．” in 5 phone together with a Chinese national flag as an inspiration．
To her surprise，the wallpaper 6 on the Internet suddenly．Even many people asked for the wallpaper．“I am very 7 that many young people hold the same dream as me．We all have a feeling of responsibility and big 8 ，” Xie said．“I believe that through our hard work，our country will be stronger and stronger! We will 9 to create a better future for our country！”
We Chinese people are confident，ambitious and responsible．“Pure love，only for China．” 10 these words are simple，they show our strong respect，love and loyalty to our country．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一位女孩的手机屏保“清澈的爱，只为中国”在网络上走红。这句话是英雄陈祥榕的战斗口号，这句话代表了中国人对祖国的尊重、爱和忠诚。
1．A．funny B．touching C．scary
B [句意：当哈尔滨冰雪大世界的主持人读出一部丢失的手机中的文字以寻找失主时，人们都为手机屏保上这些感人的文字欢呼。funny有趣的；touching感人的；scary恐怖的。根据“Pure love，only for China．”可知，“清澈的爱，只为中国”是一句感人的话。故选B。]
2．A．owner B．wallpaper C．picture
A [句意：丢失手机的主人是黑龙江大学的一名学生。owner主人；wallpaper屏保；picture照片。根据“The of the lost phone is a student from Heilongjiang University．”可知，手机失主是一位来自黑龙江大学的学生。故选A。]
3．A．taught B．played C．studied
C [句意：谢在高中时就知道了陈祥榕。taught教；played玩；studied学习。根据“a student from Heilongjiang University”及“when she in a high school”可知，谢是一位学生，她在高中学习时就知晓了陈祥榕的事迹。故选C。]
4．A．a host B．a student C．an example
C [句意：从那时起，谢就以陈祥榕为榜样，希望有一天她也能像他一样为国效力。a host一个东道主；a student一个学生；an example一个榜样。根据“Since then，Xie has regarded Chen as and hoped one day she could also serve our country like him．”可知，谢将陈祥榕视为榜样，希望能够像他一样为祖国服务。故选C。]
5．A．his B．her C．our
B [句意：她把陈祥榕的“清澈的爱，只为中国”和一面中国国旗放在手机里作为灵感。his他的；her她的；our我们的。根据“She has kept Chen's words ‘Pure love，only for China．’”可知，谢把这句话放在她自己的手机里。谢是女性，用物主代词her。故选B。]
6．A．was broken B．got lost
C．became popular
C [句意：令她惊讶的是，屏保突然在网上走红。was broken破碎的；got lost丢失；became popular变得受欢迎。根据“Even many people asked for the wallpaper．”可知，“清澈的爱，只为中国”在网上变得受欢迎，很多人都想要这个屏保。故选C。]
7．A．excited B．bored C．sorry
A [句意：很多年轻人和我有着同样的梦想，我感到非常兴奋。excited兴奋的；bored无聊的；sorry抱歉的。根据“I am very that many young people hold the same dream as me．”可知，谢知道很多年轻人和自己怀揣着同样的梦想，她是感到兴奋的。故选A。]
8．A．phones B．dreams C．problems
B [句意：我们都有责任感和远大的梦想。phones手机；dreams梦想；problems问题。根据“We all have a feeling of responsibility and big ”可知，谢和很多年轻人都有责任感和远大的梦想。故选B。]
9．A．try our best B．feel free C．write words
A [句意：我们会尽最大努力为我们的国家创造更美好的未来！try our best尽我们最大努力；feel free请随意；write words写字。根据“We will to create a better future for our country！”可知，以谢为代表的人们会尽最大努力为祖国创造更美好的未来。故选A。]
10．A．So B．Although C．Unless
B [句意：虽然这句话很简单，但它表明了我们对国家强烈的尊重、爱和忠诚。So因此；Although尽管；Unless除非。根据“ these words are simple，they show our strong respect，love and loyalty to our country．”可知，虽然这句话很简单，但是蕴含着中国人对祖国强烈的尊重、爱和忠诚，although引导让步状语从句。故选B。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泰安肥城模拟)
keep experience raise choose until deep although proud through young
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts started their space mission (任务) on Oct．26． Their spaceship took off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center．On the spaceship were three astronauts：Tang Hongbo，48; Tang Shengjie，33; and Jiang Xinlin，35． Their spaceship then joined with the Tiangong space station．They would do science studies and tests in space，as well as spacewalks．The Shenzhou 17 team，on average (平均地)，has the space station's 1． astronauts．
One of the astronauts Jiang Xinlin is from Henan．Both of his parents are farmers．They didn't know their son was an astronaut 2． Oct．26． They felt very 3． of their son and watched the news live on TV with their neighbors and relatives．Jiang has two sisters and a brother，they lived a poor life when he was young．Their family could only make a living by growing crops and 4． sheep in a small village．Jiang Xinlin had to work to support his family when he was only fifteen years old．5． it was tiring and hard that time，he never gave up．He 6． on studying after work every day．Later，his brother gave up study and found work to support their study．This hard 7． made him unforgettable，but also let him 8． understand that only studying can lead to a better future．After attending junior high school，Jiang Xinlin studied even harder and entered a military academy when he graduated．He worked as a pilot for about ten years and became an astronaut in 2020． As an astronaut，you should not only have a strong body，but also much professional knowledge．Jiang Xinlin practiced necessary skills in the daytime and learned knowledge in the evening．At last，he was 9． as the Shenzhou 17 astronaut．
10． hard work，Jiang Xinlin proves that if we keep working hard and never give up，we can surely make our dreams come true．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了神舟十七号的宇航员，讲述了江新林成为宇航员的历程。
1．youngest [句意：神舟十七号团队，平均拥有空间站最年轻的宇航员。根据“on average (平均地)，has the space station's astronauts．”及备选单词可知，空处应表达空间站最年轻的宇航员，young“年轻的”，形容词原级，此处应用最高级表示空间站最年轻的宇航员。故填youngest。]
2．until [句意：直到10月26日他们才知道他们的儿子是一名宇航员。根据“They didn't know their son was an astronaut Oct．26．”可知，空处应表达直到10月26日才知道儿子是宇航员，not...until...“直到……才”。故填until。]
3．proud [句意：他们为自己的儿子感到自豪并与邻居和亲戚一起观看了电视上的新闻直播。根据“They didn't know their son was an astronaut Oct．26．”并结合常识可知，知道自己的儿子是宇航员应该感到自豪，proud“自豪的”，feel后面跟形容词。故填proud。]
4．raising [句意：他们一家只能在一个小村庄里种庄稼和养羊为生。根据“sheep”及备选单词可知，空处应表达养羊，raise“养”，介词by后面跟动名词。故填raising。]
5．Although [句意：虽然那段时间很累也很辛苦，但他从未放弃。根据“it was tiring and hard that time，he never gave up”可知，前后表示让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Although。]
6．kept [句意：他每天下班后继续学习。根据“He on studying after work every day．”及备选单词可知，空处应表达继续学习，keep on doing sth．“继续做某事”，时态为一般过去时，keep的过去式为kept。故填kept。]
7．experience [句意：这段艰辛的经历让他刻骨铭心，也让他深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来。根据“This hard made him unforgettable”及备选单词可知，空处应表达艰辛的经历，experience“经历”，此处作可数名词。故填experience。]
8．deeply [句意：这段艰辛的经历让他刻骨铭心，也让他深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来。根据“understand that only studying can lead to a better future”及备选单词可知，空处应表达深刻体会到只有学习才能有更美好的未来，deep“深刻的”，形容词，空处修饰动词understand，用副词形式。故填deeply。]
9．chosen [句意：最后，他被选为神舟十七号宇航员。根据“he was as the Shenzhou 17 astronaut”及备选单词可知，此处应表达被选为宇航员，choose“选择”，此处为被动语态，应用动词的过去分词，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填chosen。]
10．Through [句意：通过努力，江新林证明了如果我们坚持不懈、永不放弃，我们一定可以让我们的梦想成真。根据“hard work”及备选单词可知，空处应表达通过努力工作，through“通过”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Through。]
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