专题11 三大从句和特殊句式
砥志研思·语法点摸脉络
练多维
1．A [句意：由于交通管制，本周末将不会开设露天市场。考查there be句型和一般将来时。此处是there be句型，不与have连用，排除B；根据“this weekend”可知，是一般将来时。故选A。]
2．C [句意：——只有10张票吗？你是什么意思？应该有12张。——对不起，琳达。杰克和蒂姆拿走了两张。can能；will将；should应该；may可能。根据“Only ten tickets？”以及“There...be twelve．”并结合答句中的“Jacky and Tim took two tickets away．”可知，设空处是说“应该”有12张票。故选C。]
3．B [句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用新单词，你就会忘记它们。考查连词。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words you often use them．”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的。故选B。]
4．D [句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先阅读说明书呢？考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；再根据“Why not read the instructions first？”可知，建议看说明书，说明问的是如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。]
5．A [句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous．What should I do？”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境。故选A。]
6．B [句意：——我不会放弃我的梦想，尽管有很多困难。——我也不会。考查部分倒装。根据“will not”可知，该空表示“我也不会”，用“neither＋谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)＋主语”结构，谓语是will，主语是I。故选B。]
7．A [句意：——你什么时候认识她的？——那是在1998年，我们那时在一起工作。考查从属连词辨析和强调句。It is＋强调部分＋that/who＋其他。被强调的部分“in 1998”是物/事，引导词用that。故选A。]
8．A [句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which指物，在句中作定语。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词a person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。]
9．C [句意：杰夫虽然已经取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。考查连词。if如果；before在……之前；though虽然；because因为。分析“Jeff still works hard he has achieved great success．”可知，两句话构成让步关系，用though连接。故选C。]
10．A [句意：汤姆昨晚直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。考查连词。until直到；if如果；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉。not...until...“直到……才……”。故选A。]考点一 宾语从句
在复合句中，起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语。
引导词
引导词 用法 例句
that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow．
if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asks me if/whether I have ever been to Weihai．
只用whether不用if的情况：与 or not连用；在介词之后 She wanted to know whether I could pass the exam or not．
连接代词who，whose，whom，what，which等 在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等 Can you tell me what he said to you？
连接副词when，where，why，how等 在宾语从句中作状语 Tom had no idea when his mother would go to Tianjin．
考法1 区分if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
类型 含义 时态
宾语从句 是否 主句是过去时，从句相应地变成过去的某种时态
主句是现在时，从句按实际情况确定时态
条件状语从句 如果 从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作
考法2 区分when引导的宾语从句和时间状语从句
类型 含义 时态
宾语 从句 什么时候 主句是过去时，从句相应地变成过去的某种时态
主句是现在时，从句按实际情况确定时态
时间状语从句 当……时 从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作
语序
宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即：主语＋谓语＋其他。
The teacher asked me why I was late this morning．
老师问我今天早上为什么迟到了。
He asked what was wrong with you．
他问你怎么了。
时态
用法 例句
主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态 He wants to know where you went yesterday．
主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句应用过去的某种时态 Jim told me that he was getting ready for the exam．
宾语从句是客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句时态的影响，仍用一般现在时 She said that the sun rises in the east．
【注意】 句型“Could you do sth．？”表示请求时，could 不是过去式，只表达委婉的语气。从句的时态不受主句的影响。
Could you tell me what Helen is doing
你能告诉我海伦正在做什么吗？
宾语从句的简化
1．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree等时，宾语从句可简化为不定式。
I hope that I can receive your reply．＝ I hope to receive your reply．
我希望能收到你的答复。
2．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同， 且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
I don't know what I should say．＝I don't know what to say．
我不知道要说什么。
考点二 定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词之后。
关系代词
考法1 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 作用
which 物 作主语或宾语
who 人 作主语或宾语
whom 人 作宾语
whose 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语或宾语
考法2 关系代词只能用that的情况
用法 例句
当先行词是all，little，much 等时 All that he says is true．
当先行词是anything，everything，nothing等时 I don't believe anything that he said．
当先行词被the only，the very，the last 等修饰时 She is the only person that understands me．
This is the very key that I lost yesterday．
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first bike that I bought myself．
This is the best museum that I have visited before．
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about people and things that they met．
当主句是who，which 开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading English？
考法3 关系代词只能用which的情况
用法 例句
当先行词是物，且关系代词在介词之后 The factory in which he works is big．
当先行词是物，且在非限制性定语从句中 The result of the competition was very good，which pleased us．
考法4 定语从句中的主谓一致
在定语从句中，当关系代词作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman．
住在我们隔壁的那个人是一名警察。
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 作用
when 时间 作时间状语
where 地点 作地点状语
why 原因 作原因状语
考点三 状语从句
在复合句中，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词的句子叫状语从句。
时间状语从句
连词 用法 例句
when “当……时”，从句常用一般现在时表示将来的动作 When he comes back，he'll tell you about it．
“当……时”，从句谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词 When the teacher came in，he was writing．
while “当……时”，从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用过去进行时 While I was watching TV，the bell rang．
“当……时”，表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行中 While the teacher was speaking，the students were listening．
until/ till “直到……”，在肯定句中，主句谓语动词用延续性动词 He waited until all the people left．
在否定句中， not...until...意为“直到……才……”，主句谓语动词用非延续性动词 He didn't go to bed until his father came back．
since “自……以来”，从句用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时 He has lived in the small town since he was born．
as soon as “一……就……”，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作 I will call you as soon as he shows up．
as “当……时”，表示一件事发生时另一件事也在进行中 Things are getting better and better as time goes on．
after 从句动作在前，主句动作在后 She went to the library after she had lunch．
before 从句动作在后，主句动作在前 He's worked in Jinan before he came．
条件状语从句
连词 含义 用法
if 如果 从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句用一般将来时
unless (＝if...not) 如果不；除非
as long as 只要
原因状语从句
连词 用法 例句
because “因为”，用来表示直接原因，常回答 why引导的问句，不能与 so同时使用 Because he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday．
since “既然”，语气比because弱 Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting．
as “因为”，语气比since弱 As he was ill，we didn't tell him about it．
目的状语从句
连词 用法 例句
so that “为了”，从句谓语常用“may/might/can/could＋动词原形” He is working hard so that he can pass the exam．
in order that She spoke slowly in order that we could follow her．
结果状语从句
连词 用法 例句
so... that... so＋形容词/副词 ＋that... He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word．
so＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数 ＋that... She is so lovely a girl that we all like her．
such... that... such ＋ a(n)＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that... Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him．
such＋形容词＋不可数名词 ＋that... It is such terrible weather that we don't want to go out．
such＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋that... He told us such funny stories that we all laughed．
让步状语从句
连词 含义 例句
although/though 虽然；尽管 He still went to work though it rained heavily．
even if/ though 即使 I'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．
【注意】 although/though，even if/though不能与but同时使用，可与yet连用。
考点四 特殊句式
There be 句型
There be句型表示“某地有某人或某物”，谓语动词be 的形式由后面的名词决定。
考法1 There be 句型的就近原则
There be句型中有多个并列主语时，be的形式由离它最近的一个主语决定。
There is a teacher and ten students in the office．
办公室里有一位老师和10名学生。
考法2 There be句型的一般将来时
There be 句型的一般将来时为“There will be或There is/are going to be”。
There will be/is going to be an English film tonight．
今晚将会有一场英文电影。
考法3 There be句型与have的区别
用法 例句
There be句型 表示“某处有……”，侧重于客观事实 There's some milk in the glass．
have 表示主观上“拥有”，强调所属关系 Peter has a blue car．
倒装句
考法1 全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
(1) here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run等表示来去或状态的动词。
Then came the chairman．
然后总裁来了。
Here is your letter．
这儿有你的信。
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语常用表示运动的动词。
Ahead sat an old woman．
前面坐着一个老妇人。
考法2 部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词， 则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)句首为否定或半否定的词语， 如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until等。
Never have I seen such a performance．
我从未见过这样的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question．
无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
(2)so，neither，nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示“也”“也不”的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French，so can Jack．
汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you don't go，neither will I．
你不去，我也不去。
(3)only＋状语在句首作部分倒装
Only in this way，can you learn English well．
只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting．
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed．
病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
(4)其他部分倒装
在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
May you all be happy．
愿你们都快乐。
强调句
考法1 强调句结构
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语、宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat．
我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
考法2 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do/did/does强调谓语。
She does like this horse．
她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself．
千万保重。
1．(2024·云南红河二模)Because of the traffic control，there no outdoor market this weekend．
A．will be B．will have
C．be D．was
A [句意：由于交通管制，本周末将不会开设露天市场。考查there be句型和一般将来时。此处是there be句型，不与have连用，排除B；根据“this weekend”可知，是一般将来时。故选A。]
2．(2024·安徽六安二模)—Only ten tickets？What do you mean？There
be twelve．
—Sorry，Linda．Jacky and Tim took two tickets away．
A．can B．will
C．should D．may
C [句意：——只有10张票吗？你是什么意思？应该有12张。——对不起，琳达。杰克和蒂姆拿走了两张。can能；will将；should应该；may可能。根据“Only ten tickets？”以及“There...be twelve．”并结合答句中的“Jacky and Tim took two tickets away．”可知，设空处是说“应该”有12张票。故选C。]
3．(2024·常州中考)Practice is very important．You will forget the new words
you often use them．
A．when B．unless
C．if D．until
B [句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用生词，你就会忘记它们。考查连词。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words you often use them．”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的。故选B。]
4．(2024·常州中考)—Could you tell me
—Sorry，I've never had a home robot before．Why not read the instructions first
A．where can I buy a home robot
B．where I can buy a home robot
C．how can I turn the home robot on
D．how I can turn the home robot on
D [句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；再根据“Why not read the instructions first？”可知，建议看说明书，说明问的是如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。]
5．(2024·绥化中考)—I feel so nervous．What should I do
—You'd better listen to music that ．
A．helps you relax
B．you can dance
C．makes you sad
A [句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous．What should I do？”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境。故选A。]
6．(2024·四川自贡一模)—I will not give up my dreams though there are many difficulties．
— ．
A．So will I B．Neither will I
C．Neither won't I
B [句意：——我不会放弃我的梦想，尽管有很多困难。——我也不会。考查部分倒装。根据“will not”可知，该空表示“我也不会”，用“neither＋谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)＋主语”结构，谓语是will，主语是I。故选B。]
7．(2024·浙江模拟)—When did you get to know her
—It was in 1998 we worked together．
A．that B．since
C．which D．when
A [句意：——你什么时候认识她的？——那是在1998年，我们那时在一起工作。考查从属连词辨析和强调句。It is＋强调部分＋that/who＋其他。被强调的部分“in 1998”是物/事，引导词用that。故选A。]
8．(2024·甘肃临夏州模拟)A true friend is a person can help you when you are in trouble．
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．which
A [句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which指物，在句中作定语。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词a person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。]
9．(2024·河北中考)Jeff still works hard he has achieved great success．
A．if B．before
C．though D．because
C [句意：杰夫虽然已经取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。考查连词。if如果；before在……之前；though虽然；because因为。分析“Jeff still works hard
he has achieved great success．”可知，两句话构成让步关系，用though连接。故选C。]
10．(2024·甘肃临夏州模拟)Tom didn't go to bed his mother came back last night．
A．until B．if
C．because D．unless
A [句意：汤姆昨晚直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。考查连词。until直到；if如果；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉。not...until...“直到……才……”。故选A。]
课时规范训练(三十六)
考查范围：专题11 三大从句和特殊句式
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Don't believe (任何事物) he says，he often tells lies and must change his bad habit．
whatever [句意：不要相信他所说的一切，他经常说谎，必须改变他的坏习惯。分析句子可知，横线上缺的是says的宾语。故填whatever。]
2．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟) (只要) we pull together，we are sure to be successful in the end in the future．
As long as [句意：只要我们齐心协力，将来我们一定会成功。根据汉语提示和“we are sure to be successful in the end in the future”可知，此处表示只要我们齐心协力，将来我们一定会成功，as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As long as。]
3．(2024·泰安东岳模拟)Anita (缺席) the meeting yesterday because she was ill and went to the hospital．
was absent from [句意：安妮塔昨天缺席了会议，因为她病了，去了医院。表达“缺席”用短语be absent from，且根据“she was ill and went to”可知，用一般过去时。故填was absent from。]
4．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Nothing in the world is (不可能的) if you set your mind to do it．
impossible [句意：如果你下定决心去做，世界上没有什么是不可能的。impossible“不可能的”，形容词作表语。故填impossible。]
5．(2024·广安中考)Diana isn't sure (是否) Betty will come or not．
whether [句意：黛安娜不确定贝蒂是否会来。whether...or not“是否”。故填whether。]
6．(2024·济宁二模)—Look，here is a Harry Potter．I'm wondering (谁的) book it is．
—It must be Mary's．J．K．Rowling is her favorite writer．
whose [句意：——看，这里有一本《哈利·波特》。我想知道它是谁的书。——它一定是玛丽的。J．K． 罗琳是她最喜欢的作家。whose“谁的”，这里指谁的书，作定语。故填whose。]
7．(2024·西藏一模) (无论) what you want to buy，you can find it in the shop．
No matter [句意：无论你想买什么，你都可以在商店里找到。no matter＋疑问词“无论……”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填No matter。]
8．You have to study hard (即使) you are very clever．
even though/if [句意：即使你很聪明，你也必须努力学习。即使：even though/if，引导让步状语从句。故填even though/if。]
9．He is an honest boy (如此……以至于……) everyone likes him．
such；that [句意：他是一个诚实的男孩，每个人都喜欢他。设空处考查such...that...“如此……以至于……”用法，such...that...用来引导结果状语从句，结构为such＋a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。故填such；that。]
10．(2024·浙江台州二模) (虽然) it was very late，she still wanted to finish her work．
Although/Though [句意：虽然很晚了，她还是想完成她的工作。根据汉语提示，应填although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though。]
二、单项选择(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·牡丹江中考)This dance is an eye-catching dance performance is quite popular these days．
A．who B．which C．whose
B [句意：这是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which。故选B。]
2．(2024·长春中考)As a science lover，I hope I can invent a bike can fly in the sky．
A．where B．when
C．which D．who
C [句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。考查定语从句引导词。空格所在句是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。]
3．(2024·无锡中考)Everyone loves my dog Coffee， he often makes a mess at home．
A．until B．since
C．though D．whether
C [句意：每个人都喜欢我的狗科菲，尽管它经常把家里弄得一团糟。考查连词。until直到；since自从；though尽管；whether是否。分析句子可知，虽然科菲把家里弄得很乱，但是每个人都喜欢它，故用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。]
4．(2024·吉林中考)Bob watches the news every night he wonders what's going on around the world．
A．although B．because C．unless
B [句意：鲍勃每天晚上都看新闻，因为他想知道世界各地发生了什么。考查连词。although尽管；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，鲍勃每天看新闻，是因为他想知道世界各地发生了什么，后文表原因，用because连接。故选B。]
5．(2024·安徽中考)—Could you tell us we can start a conversation with a foreigner？
—Talking about weather is a good choice．
A．how B．whether
C．why D．when
A [句意：——你能告诉我们如何与外国人开始对话吗？——谈论天气是个不错的选择。考查宾语从句引导词。how如何；whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“we can start a conversation with a foreigner”以及“Talking about weather is a good choice．”可知，此处指如何与外国人开始对话，用how引导宾语从句。故选A。]
6．(2024·扬州中考)Teenagers don't always understand their parents have so many rules．
A．why B．which
C．where D．what
A [句意：青少年并不总是理解为什么他们的父母有这么多规则。考查宾语从句引导词。why为什么；which哪一个；where哪里；what什么。分析句子可知，此处是含宾语从句的复合句，从句不缺主语、宾语，故不用which、what引导从句。结合句子可知，此处指不理解为什么。故选A。]
7．(2023·滨州中考)—I think I am the shyest in my class．What should I do
—Be more active in class you can improve your ability to express yourself．
A．or B．so that
C．unless D．although
B [句意：——我想我是我们班最害羞的。我该做什么？——在课堂上更活跃一些，这样能改进你表达自己的能力。考查连词。or或者；so that目的是；unless除非；although虽然。分析句子可知，“Be more active in class”的目的是“you can improve your ability to express yourself”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。]
8．(2023·东营中考)—Do you know ？
—It's in the desert to the east of Cairo．
A．what the new capital of Egypt(埃及) is
B．where the new capital of Egypt is
C．how big the new capital of Egypt is
D．why Egypt is getting a new capital
B [句意：——你知道埃及的新首都在哪里吗？——它在开罗东边的沙漠里。考查宾语从句。根据“It's in the desert to the east of Cairo．”可知，此处询问埃及的新首都在哪里，用where引导宾语从句。故选B。]
9．(2023·青岛中考)My hometown has changed a lot the subway was put into use．
A．unless B．since
C．if D．when
B [句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。考查连词。unless除非；since自从；if如果；when当……的时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot the subway was put into use．”可知，从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。]
10．(2023·十堰中考)I will remember the important people helped and supported me in my life．
A．which B．whose
C．whom D．who
D [句意：我将记住在我的生活中帮助和支持我的重要的人。考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个；whose谁的；whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句。故选D。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·滨州中考)“Dad，can you see the ceremony？”
“Yes，I see it！” said the father with 1 ．
A girl is shouldering her father so that he can watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square in Beijing，China．The heart-warming act has 2 thousands of people．
The girl and her father come from Luoyang，Henan Province．The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square someday．The daughter kept this in mind．Now she has helped her 75-year-old father 3 his wish．To make her father see more 4 ，Baige shouldered him．This was just like her father carried her on his shoulders when she was a kid．
5 ， the girl and her father do not have a blood relationship．More than 20 years ago，Zhang Shuangqi found an abandoned (被遗弃的) baby girl beside the road．He took her home and named her Zhang Baige．
“My father's family was not rich and to bring me up actually added to his burdens (负担)，” said Baige．“He took on several jobs to make a living，such as 6 wastes and building houses．”
When she 7 ， she worked very hard as a waitress and a cashier (收银员)． 8 she had her own company in Guangzhou，she and her father lived a better life．
To spend more time with her father，Baige decided to do something．She bought a car to take her father to visit lots of cities around China．
“My father is getting older and older，I should build a 9 body and mind so that I can help to make his dreams come true．And no matter 10 he hopes to do，I am willing to do anything I can．He brought me up and I will never leave him alone，” said Baige．
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了张白鸽曾是一名弃婴，二十多年前被养父收养。如今她为了报答养父，带着他周游中国。她在天安门广场上扛着养父看升旗仪式的场景感动了无数网友。
1．A．courage B．excitement C．choice
B [句意：“是的，我看到了！”父亲兴奋地说。courage勇气；excitement兴奋；choice选择。根据下文“The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square someday．”可知，父亲的愿望是在天安门广场看升旗，当他看到升旗仪式时应是兴奋的。故选B。]
2．A．promised B．supposed C．touched
C [句意：这一感人的举动感动了成千上万的人。promised承诺；supposed假定；touched感动。根据“A girl is shouldering her father so that he can watch the national flag raising ceremony”可知，女儿扛着父亲看升旗仪式的场景令很多人感动。故选C。]
3．A．achieve B．attend C．advise
A [句意：现在，她已经帮助75岁的父亲实现了他的愿望。achieve实现；attend参加；advise建议。根据“ Now she has helped her 75-year-old father his wish．”及语境可知，张白鸽帮助父亲实现了在天安门广场看升旗仪式的愿望。故选A。]
4．A．slowly B．safely C．clearly
C [句意：为了让父亲看得更清楚，白鸽把他扛在肩上。slowly缓慢地；safely安全地；clearly清楚地。根据“To make her father see more ， Baige shouldered him．”可知，白鸽为了让父亲看得更清楚，把父亲扛在肩上。故选C。]
5．A．In fact B．In total C．At first
A [句意：事实上，这个女孩和她的父亲没有血缘关系。In fact实际上；In total总共；At first起初。根据“the girl and her father do not have a blood relationship．”可知，前文的描述使读者认为张白鸽和父亲是亲生父女，但实际上，他们并没有血缘关系。故选A。]
6．A．collecting B．correcting C．competing
A [句意：他做了几份工作来谋生，比如收垃圾和盖房子。collecting收集；correcting纠正；competing竞争。根据“wastes”可知，张白鸽的父亲通过收垃圾谋生。故选A。]
7．A．took up B．looked up C．grew up
C [句意：长大后，她做过服务员和收银员，工作非常努力。took up占据；looked up查阅；grew up长大。根据“she worked very hard as a waitress and a cashier(收银员)”及语境可知，白鸽长大后做过服务员和收银员工作。故选C。]
8．A．Although B．Unless C．After
C [句意：在广州有了自己的公司后，她和父亲过上了更好的生活。Although尽管；Unless除非；After在……之后。根据“she and her father lived a better life”可知，白鸽有了自己的公司后，和父亲过上了更好的生活。故选C。]
9．A．typical B．silent C．strong
C [句意：我父亲年纪越来越大了，我应该建立一个强大的身心，这样我才能帮助他实现梦想。typical典型的；silent沉默的；strong强壮的。根据“so that I can help to make his dreams come true”可知，为了帮助日益老去的父亲实现梦想，白鸽认为自己应该建立强大的身心。故选C。]
10．A．when B．what C．how
B [句意：无论他希望做什么，我都愿意做我能做的任何事情。when什么时候；what什么；how怎样。根据“And no matter he hopes to do...”可知，此处指无论父亲想要做什么，白鸽都愿意做任何事情，应用what，no matter what“无论什么”。故选B。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·临夏州中考)
quick they in ear so that cold help pick up example why
When it comes to rabbits，we always think of their long ears．But do you know 1． they have such long ears
With their long ears，rabbits can 2． sounds from up to three kilometers away．Most rabbits can move their ears in two different directions．Each ear can turn up to 270 degrees．This 3． them to hear the sounds from all directions．For 4． ， when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming，the rabbits can 5． run away．
Another reason why rabbits have long ears is for controlling 6． body temperature．Rabbits have many blood vessels (血管) in their long 7． ．When a rabbit feels hot，the blood vessels will become greater 8． size．This allows more blood to move to its ears．As air blows over，it makes the blood cool down．Then the cool blood moves to other parts of the body 9． it feels comfortable．However，less blood moves to the rabbit's ears on 10． days．This helps to keep the heat．
【文章大意】 本文向我们科普了关于兔子为什么有长耳朵的常识。
1．why [句意：但是你知道它们为什么有这么长的耳朵吗？根据“But do you know they have such long ears？”和后文介绍兔子为什么有长耳朵可知，why“为什么”符合语境。故填why。]
2．pick up [句意：兔子有长长的耳朵，能接收到三公里外的声音。根据“rabbits can sounds from up to three kilometers away”可知，兔子的长耳朵能接收到三公里外的声音，pick up“接收”，情态动词后用动词原形。故填pick up。]
3．helps [句意：这有助于它们听到来自四面八方的声音。根据“This
them to hear the sounds from all directions．”可知，这有助于它们听到来自四面八方的声音，help“帮助”，时态是一般现在时，主语是This，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。]
4．example [句意：例如，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑。根据“For ， when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming...”可知，此处是for example“例如”，固定短语。故填example。]
5．quickly [句意：例如，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑。根据“when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming，the rabbits can run away”可知，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑，quick“迅速的”，此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式。故填quickly。]
6．their [句意：兔子耳朵长的另一个原因是为了控制它们的体温。根据“Another reason why rabbits have long ears is for controlling body temperature．”可知，耳朵可以帮助控制它们的体温，they“它们”，此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。]
7．ears [句意：兔子的长耳朵里有许多血管。根据“Rabbits have many blood vessels (血管) in their long ”可知，兔子的长耳朵里有许多血管，ear“耳朵”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式。故填ears。]
8．in [句意：当兔子感到热时，血管会变大。根据“When a rabbit feels hot，the blood vessels will become greater size．”可知，当兔子感到热时，血管会变大，in size“在尺寸上”符合语境。故填in。]
9．so that [句意：然后，冷的血液会流向身体的其他部位，这样它就感觉舒服了。“it feels comfortable”是“the cool blood moves to other parts of the body”的目的，用so that“为了”引导目的状语从句。故填so that。]
10．cold [句意：然而，在寒冷的日子里，流向兔子耳朵的血液较少。根据“less blood moves to the rabbit's ears on days．This helps to keep the heat”可知，有助于保持热量，所以是寒冷的天，cold“寒冷的”，作定语修饰days。故填cold。]
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专题11 三大从句和特殊句式
语法导航 知识点构主干
砥志研思 语法点摸脉络
引导词
考点一 宾语从句
在复合句中，起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语。
引导词 用法 例句
that 本身无意义，只起连接作用，可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow．
引导词 用法 例句
if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asks me if/whether I have ever been to Weihai．
只用whether不用if的情况：与 or not连用；在介词之后 She wanted to know whether I could pass the exam or not．
引导词 用法 例句
连接代词who，whose，whom，what，which等 在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语等 Can you tell me what he said to you？
连接副词when，where，why，how等 在宾语从句中作状语 Tom had no idea when his mother would go to Tianjin．
考法1 区分if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
类型 含义 时态
宾语从句 是否 主句是过去时，从句相应地变成过去的某种时态
主句是现在时，从句按实际情况确定时态
条件状语从句 如果 从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作
考法2 区分when引导的宾语从句和时间状语从句
类型 含义 时态
宾语从句 什么时候 主句是过去时，从句相应地变成过去的某种时态
主句是现在时，从句按实际情况确定时态
时间状语从句 当……时 从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作
语序
宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即：主语＋谓语＋其他。
The teacher asked me why I was late this morning．
老师问我今天早上为什么迟到了。
He asked what was wrong with you．
他问你怎么了。
时态
用法 例句
主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况使用相应的时态 He wants to know where you went yesterday．
主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句应用过去的某种时态 Jim told me that he was getting ready for the exam．
宾语从句是客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句时态的影响，仍用一般现在时 She said that the sun rises in the east．
【注意】 句型“Could you do sth．？”表示请求时，could 不是过去式，只表达委婉的语气。从句的时态不受主句的影响。
Could you tell me what Helen is doing
你能告诉我海伦正在做什么吗？
1．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree等时，宾语从句可简化为不定式。
I hope that I can receive your reply．＝ I hope to receive your reply．
我希望能收到你的答复。
2．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同， 且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
I don't know what I should say．＝I don't know what to say．
我不知道要说什么。
宾语从句的简化
考点二 定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词之后。
关系代词
考法1 关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 作用
which 物 作主语或宾语
关系代词 先行词 作用
who 人 作主语或宾语
whom 人 作宾语
whose 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语或宾语
考法2 关系代词只能用that的情况
用法 例句
当先行词是all，little，much 等时 All that he says is true．
当先行词是anything，everything，nothing等时 I don't believe anything that he said．
当先行词被the only，the very，the last 等修饰时 She is the only person that understands me．
This is the very key that I lost yesterday．
用法 例句
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the first bike that I bought myself．
This is the best museum that I have visited before．
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about people and things that they met．
当主句是who，which 开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the boy that is reading English？
考法3 关系代词只能用which的情况
用法 例句
当先行词是物，且关系代词在介词之后 The factory in which he works is big．
当先行词是物，且在非限制性定语从句中 The result of the competition was very good，which pleased us．
考法4 定语从句中的主谓一致
在定语从句中，当关系代词作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
The man who lives next to us is a policeman．
住在我们隔壁的那个人是一名警察。
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 作用
when 时间 作时间状语
where 地点 作地点状语
why 原因 作原因状语
考点三 状语从句
在复合句中，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词的句子叫状语从句。
时间状语从句
连词 用法 例句
when “当……时”，从句常用一般现在时表示将来的动作 When he comes back，he'll tell you about it．
“当……时”，从句谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词 When the teacher came in，he was writing．
连词 用法 例句
while “当……时”，从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，常用过去进行时 While I was watching TV，the bell rang．
“当……时”，表示某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在进行中 While the teacher was speaking，the students were listening．
连词 用法 例句
until/ till “直到……”，在肯定句中，主句谓语动词用延续性动词 He waited until all the people left．
在否定句中， not...until...意为“直到……才……”，主句谓语动词用非延续性动词 He didn't go to bed until his father came back．
连词 用法 例句
since “自……以来”，从句用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时 He has lived in the small town since he was born．
as soon as “一……就……”，从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作 I will call you as soon as he shows up．
连词 用法 例句
as “当……时”，表示一件事发生时另一件事也在进行中 Things are getting better and better as time goes on．
after 从句动作在前，主句动作在后 She went to the library after she had lunch．
before 从句动作在后，主句动作在前 He's worked in Jinan before he came．
条件状语从句
连词 含义 用法
if 如果 从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作，主句用一般将来时
unless
(＝if...not) 如果不；除非
as long as 只要
原因状语从句
连词 用法 例句
because “因为”，用来表示直接原因，常回答 why引导的问句，不能与 so同时使用 Because he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday．
since “既然”，语气比because弱 Since everyone is here，let's begin our meeting．
as “因为”，语气比since弱 As he was ill，we didn't tell him about it．
目的状语从句
连词 用法 例句
so that “为了”，从句谓语常用“may/might/can/could＋动词原形” He is working hard so that he can pass the exam．
in order that She spoke slowly in order that we could follow her．
结果状语从句
连词 用法 例句
so...
that... so＋形容词/副词 ＋that... He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word．
so＋形容词＋a(n)＋可数名词单数 ＋that... She is so lovely a girl that we all like her．
连词 用法 例句
such...
that... such ＋ a(n)＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that... Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him．
such＋形容词＋不可数名词 ＋that... It is such terrible weather that we don't want to go out．
such＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋that... He told us such funny stories that we all laughed．
让步状语从句
连词 含义 例句
although/though 虽然；尽管 He still went to work though it rained heavily．
even if/ though 即使 I'll stand by you even if you don't succeed．
【注意】 although/though，even if/though不能与but同时使用，可与yet连用。
考点四 特殊句式
There be 句型
There be句型表示“某地有某人或某物”，谓语动词be 的形式由后面的名词决定。
There be句型中有多个并列主语时，be的形式由离它最近的一个主语决定。
There is a teacher and ten students in the office．
办公室里有一位老师和10名学生。
考法1 There be 句型的就近原则
There be 句型的一般将来时为“There will be或There is/are going to be”。
There will be/is going to be an English film tonight．
今晚将会有一场英文电影。
考法2 There be句型的一般将来时
考法3 There be句型与have的区别
用法 例句
There
be句型 表示“某处有……”，侧重于客观事实 There's some milk in the glass．
have 表示主观上“拥有”，强调所属关系 Peter has a blue car．
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
(1) here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run等表示来去或状态的动词。
Then came the chairman．
然后总裁来了。
Here is your letter．
这儿有你的信。
倒装句
考法1 全部倒装
(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语常用表示运动的动词。
Ahead sat an old woman．
前面坐着一个老妇人。
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词， 则需添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)句首为否定或半否定的词语， 如no，not，never，seldom，little，hardly，at no time，in no way，not until等。
Never have I seen such a performance．
我从未见过这样的表演。
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question．
无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。
考法2 部分倒装
(2)so，neither，nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示“也”“也不”的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French，so can Jack．
汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。
If you don't go，neither will I．
你不去，我也不去。
(3)only＋状语在句首作部分倒装
Only in this way，can you learn English well．
只有这样，你才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting．
叫了三次，他才来参加会议。
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed．
病得很重时，他才卧床休息。
(4)其他部分倒装
在某些表示祝愿的句型中。
May you all be happy．
愿你们都快乐。
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语、宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat．
我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
强调句
考法1 强调句结构
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do/did/does强调谓语。
She does like this horse．
她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself．
千万保重。
考法2 用助动词进行强调
1．(2024·云南红河二模)Because of the traffic control，there ________ no outdoor market this weekend．
A．will be B．will have
C．be D．was
A [句意：由于交通管制，本周末将不会开设露天市场。考查there be句型和一般将来时。此处是there be句型，不与have连用，排除B；根据“this weekend”可知，是一般将来时。故选A。]
√
2．(2024·安徽六安二模)—Only ten tickets？What do you mean？There ________ be twelve．
—Sorry，Linda．Jacky and Tim took two tickets away．
A．can B．will
C．should D．may
√
C [句意：——只有10张票吗？你是什么意思？应该有12张。——对不起，琳达。杰克和蒂姆拿走了两张。can能；will将；should应该；may可能。根据“Only ten tickets？”以及“There...be twelve．”并结合答句中的“Jacky and Tim took two tickets away．”可知，设空处是说“应该”有12张票。故选C。]
3．(2024·常州中考)Practice is very important．You will forget the new words ________ you often use them．
A．when B．unless
C．if D．until
√
B [句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用生词，你就会忘记它们。考查连词。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words ________ you often use them．”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的。故选B。]
4．(2024·常州中考)—Could you tell me ________
—Sorry，I've never had a home robot before．Why not read the instructions first
A．where can I buy a home robot
B．where I can buy a home robot
C．how can I turn the home robot on
D．how I can turn the home robot on
√
D [句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；再根据“Why not read the instructions first？”可知，建议看说明书，说明问的是如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。]
5．(2024·绥化中考)—I feel so nervous．What should I do
—You'd better listen to music that ________．
A．helps you relax
B．you can dance
C．makes you sad
√
A [句意：——我感到很紧张，我该怎么办？——你最好听听能帮助你放松的音乐。考查定语从句和情景交际。helps you relax帮你放松；you can dance你能跳舞；makes you sad让你伤心。分析句子可知，that后是定语从句，修饰名词music，B项语法上错误，应是you can dance to；结合“I feel so nervous．What should I do？”可知，空处给出的建议应是帮助对方消除紧张，所以A项符合语境。故选A。]
6．(2024·四川自贡一模)—I will not give up my dreams though there are many difficulties．
—________．
A．So will I B．Neither will I
C．Neither won't I
√
B [句意：——我不会放弃我的梦想，尽管有很多困难。——我也不会。考查部分倒装。根据“will not”可知，该空表示“我也不会”，用“neither＋谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)＋主语”结构，谓语是will，主语是I。故选B。]
7．(2024·浙江模拟)—When did you get to know her
—It was in 1998 ________ we worked together．
A．that B．since
C．which D．when
√
A [句意：——你什么时候认识她的？——那是在1998年，我们那时在一起工作。考查从属连词辨析和强调句。It is＋强调部分＋that/who＋其他。被强调的部分“in 1998”是物/事，引导词用that。故选A。]
8．(2024·甘肃临夏州模拟)A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble．
A．who B．whom
C．whose D．which
√
A [句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which指物，在句中作定语。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词a person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。]
9．(2024·河北中考)Jeff still works hard ________ he has achieved great success．
A．if B．before
C．though D．because
√
C [句意：杰夫虽然已经取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。考查连词。if如果；before在……之前；though虽然；because因为。分析“Jeff still works hard ________ he has achieved great success．”可知，两句话构成让步关系，用though连接。故选C。]
10．(2024·甘肃临夏州模拟)Tom didn't go to bed ________ his mother came back last night．
A．until B．if
C．because D．unless
√
A [句意：汤姆昨晚直到他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。考查连词。until直到；if如果；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉。not...until...“直到……才……”。故选A。]
课时规范训练(三十六)
考查范围：专题11 三大从句和特殊句式
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、根据汉语提示填写单词或短语(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Don't believe ________ (任何事物) he says，he often tells lies and must change his bad habit．
whatever [句意：不要相信他所说的一切，他经常说谎，必须改变他的坏习惯。分析句子可知，横线上缺的是says的宾语。故填whatever。]
whatever
2．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)__________ (只要) we pull together，we are sure to be successful in the end in the future．
As long as [句意：只要我们齐心协力，将来我们一定会成功。根据汉语提示和“we are sure to be successful in the end in the future”可知，此处表示只要我们齐心协力，将来我们一定会成功，as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As long as。]
As long as
3．(2024·泰安东岳模拟)Anita ______________ (缺席) the meeting yesterday because she was ill and went to the hospital．
was absent from [句意：安妮塔昨天缺席了会议，因为她病了，去了医院。表达“缺席”用短语be absent from，且根据“she was ill and went to”可知，用一般过去时。故填was absent from。]
was absent from
4．(2024·泰安新泰模拟)Nothing in the world is _________ (不可能的) if you set your mind to do it．
impossible [句意：如果你下定决心去做，世界上没有什么是不可能的。impossible“不可能的”，形容词作表语。故填impossible。]
impossible
5．(2024·广安中考)Diana isn't sure ________ (是否) Betty will come or not．
whether [句意：黛安娜不确定贝蒂是否会来。whether...or not“是否”。故填whether。]
whether
6．(2024·济宁二模)—Look，here is a Harry Potter．I'm wondering ________ (谁的) book it is．
—It must be Mary's．J．K．Rowling is her favorite writer．
whose [句意：——看，这里有一本《哈利·波特》。我想知道它是谁的书。——它一定是玛丽的。J．K． 罗琳是她最喜欢的作家。whose“谁的”，这里指谁的书，作定语。故填whose。]
whose
7．(2024·西藏一模)__________ (无论) what you want to buy，you can find it in the shop．
No matter [句意：无论你想买什么，你都可以在商店里找到。no matter＋疑问词“无论……”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填No matter。]
No matter
8．You have to study hard _____________ (即使) you are very clever．
even though/if [句意：即使你很聪明，你也必须努力学习。即使：even though/if，引导让步状语从句。故填even though/if。]
even though/if
9．He is ____ an honest boy ____ (如此……以至于……) everyone likes him．
such；that [句意：他是一个诚实的男孩，每个人都喜欢他。设空处考查such...that...“如此……以至于……”用法，such...that...用来引导结果状语从句，结构为such＋a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that从句。故填such；that。]
such
that
10．(2024·浙江台州二模)________________ (虽然) it was very late，she still wanted to finish her work．
Although/Though [句意：虽然很晚了，她还是想完成她的工作。根据汉语提示，应填although/though，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though。]
Although/Though
二、单项选择(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
1．(2024·牡丹江中考)This dance is an eye-catching dance performance ______ is quite popular these days．
A．who B．which C．whose
√
B [句意：这是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which。故选B。]
2．(2024·长春中考)As a science lover，I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky．
A．where B．when
C．which D．who
√
C [句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。考查定语从句引导词。空格所在句是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。]
3．(2024·无锡中考)Everyone loves my dog Coffee，________ he often makes a mess at home．
A．until B．since
C．though D．whether
√
C [句意：每个人都喜欢我的狗科菲，尽管它经常把家里弄得一团糟。考查连词。until直到；since自从；though尽管；whether是否。分析句子可知，虽然科菲把家里弄得很乱，但是每个人都喜欢它，故用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。]
4．(2024·吉林中考)Bob watches the news every night ________ he wonders what's going on around the world．
A．although B．because C．unless
√
B [句意：鲍勃每天晚上都看新闻，因为他想知道世界各地发生了什么。考查连词。although尽管；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，鲍勃每天看新闻，是因为他想知道世界各地发生了什么，后文表原因，用because连接。故选B。]
5．(2024·安徽中考)—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner？
—Talking about weather is a good choice．
A．how B．whether
C．why D．when
√
A [句意：——你能告诉我们如何与外国人开始对话吗？——谈论天气是个不错的选择。考查宾语从句引导词。how如何；whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“we can start a conversation with a foreigner”以及“Talking about weather is a good choice．”可知，此处指如何与外国人开始对话，用how引导宾语从句。故选A。]
6．(2024·扬州中考)Teenagers don't always understand ________ their parents have so many rules．
A．why B．which
C．where D．what
√
A [句意：青少年并不总是理解为什么他们的父母有这么多规则。考查宾语从句引导词。why为什么；which哪一个；where哪里；what什么。分析句子可知，此处是含宾语从句的复合句，从句不缺主语、宾语，故不用which、what引导从句。结合句子可知，此处指不理解为什么。故选A。]
7．(2023·滨州中考)—I think I am the shyest in my class．What should I do
—Be more active in class ________ you can improve your ability to express yourself．
A．or B．so that
C．unless D．although
√
B [句意：——我想我是我们班最害羞的。我该做什么？——在课堂上更活跃一些，这样能改进你表达自己的能力。考查连词。or或者；so that目的是；unless除非；although虽然。分析句子可知，“Be more active in class”的目的是“you can improve your ability to express yourself”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。]
8．(2023·东营中考)—Do you know ________？
—It's in the desert to the east of Cairo．
A．what the new capital of Egypt(埃及) is
B．where the new capital of Egypt is
C．how big the new capital of Egypt is
D．why Egypt is getting a new capital
√
B [句意：——你知道埃及的新首都在哪里吗？——它在开罗东边的沙漠里。考查宾语从句。根据“It's in the desert to the east of Cairo．”可知，此处询问埃及的新首都在哪里，用where引导宾语从句。故选B。]
9．(2023·青岛中考)My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use．
A．unless B．since
C．if D．when
√
B [句意：自从地铁投入使用以来，我的家乡改变了很多。考查连词。unless除非；since自从；if如果；when当……的时候。根据“My hometown has changed a lot ________ the subway was put into use．”可知，从句是一般过去时，主句是现在完成时，用since引导时间状语从句。故选B。]
10．(2023·十堰中考)I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported me in my life．
A．which B．whose
C．whom D．who
√
D [句意：我将记住在我的生活中帮助和支持我的重要的人。考查定语从句引导词。which哪一个；whose谁的；whom谁，宾格；who谁，主格。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词people是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句。故选D。]
三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·滨州中考)“Dad，can you see the ceremony？”
“Yes，I see it！” said the father with 1 ．
A girl is shouldering her father so that he can watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square in Beijing，China．The heart-warming act has 2 thousands of people．
The girl and her father come from Luoyang，Henan Province．The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square someday．The daughter kept this in mind．Now she has helped her 75-year-old father 3 his wish．To make her father see more 4 ，Baige shouldered him．This was just like her father carried her on his shoulders when she was a kid．
5 ， the girl and her father do not have a blood relationship．More than 20 years ago，Zhang Shuangqi found an abandoned (被遗弃的) baby girl beside the road．He took her home and named her Zhang Baige．
“My father's family was not rich and to bring me up actually added to his burdens (负担)，” said Baige．“He took on several jobs to make a living，such as 6 wastes and building houses．”
When she 7 ， she worked very hard as a waitress and a cashier (收银员)． 8 she had her own company in Guangzhou，she and her father lived a better life．
To spend more time with her father，Baige decided to do something．She bought a car to take her father to visit lots of cities around China．
“My father is getting older and older，I should build a 9 body and mind so that I can help to make his dreams come true．And no matter 10 he hopes to do，I am willing to do anything I can．He brought me up and I will never leave him alone，” said Baige．
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了张白鸽曾是一名弃婴，二十多年前被养父收养。如今她为了报答养父，带着他周游中国。她在天安门广场上扛着养父看升旗仪式的场景感动了无数网友。
√
1．A．courage B．excitement C．choice
B [句意：“是的，我看到了！”父亲兴奋地说。courage勇气；excitement兴奋；choice选择。根据下文“The father once said that he wished to watch the national flag raising ceremony at Tian'anmen Square someday．”可知，父亲的愿望是在天安门广场看升旗，当他看到升旗仪式时应是兴奋的。故选B。]
√
2．A．promised B．supposed C．touched
C [句意：这一感人的举动感动了成千上万的人。promised承诺；supposed假定；touched感动。根据“A girl is shouldering her father so that he can watch the national flag raising ceremony”可知，女儿扛着父亲看升旗仪式的场景令很多人感动。故选C。]
√
3．A．achieve B．attend C．advise
A [句意：现在，她已经帮助75岁的父亲实现了他的愿望。achieve实现；attend参加；advise建议。根据“ Now she has helped her 75-year-old father ________ his wish．”及语境可知，张白鸽帮助父亲实现了在天安门广场看升旗仪式的愿望。故选A。]
√
4．A．slowly B．safely C．clearly
C [句意：为了让父亲看得更清楚，白鸽把他扛在肩上。slowly缓慢地；safely安全地；clearly清楚地。根据“To make her father see more ________， Baige shouldered him．”可知，白鸽为了让父亲看得更清楚，把父亲扛在肩上。故选C。]
√
5．A．In fact B．In total C．At first
A [句意：事实上，这个女孩和她的父亲没有血缘关系。In fact实际上；In total总共；At first起初。根据“the girl and her father do not have a blood relationship．”可知，前文的描述使读者认为张白鸽和父亲是亲生父女，但实际上，他们并没有血缘关系。故选A。]
√
6．A．collecting B．correcting C．competing
A [句意：他做了几份工作来谋生，比如收垃圾和盖房子。collecting收集；correcting纠正；competing竞争。根据“wastes”可知，张白鸽的父亲通过收垃圾谋生。故选A。]
√
7．A．took up B．looked up C．grew up
C [句意：长大后，她做过服务员和收银员，工作非常努力。took up占据；looked up查阅；grew up长大。根据“she worked very hard as a waitress and a cashier(收银员)”及语境可知，白鸽长大后做过服务员和收银员工作。故选C。]
√
8．A．Although B．Unless C．After
C [句意：在广州有了自己的公司后，她和父亲过上了更好的生活。Although尽管；Unless除非；After在……之后。根据“she and her father lived a better life”可知，白鸽有了自己的公司后，和父亲过上了更好的生活。故选C。]
√
9．A．typical B．silent C．strong
C [句意：我父亲年纪越来越大了，我应该建立一个强大的身心，这样我才能帮助他实现梦想。typical典型的；silent沉默的；strong强壮的。根据“so that I can help to make his dreams come true”可知，为了帮助日益老去的父亲实现梦想，白鸽认为自己应该建立强大的身心。故选C。]
√
10．A．when B．what C．how
B [句意：无论他希望做什么，我都愿意做我能做的任何事情。when什么时候；what什么；how怎样。根据“And no matter ________ he hopes to do...”可知，此处指无论父亲想要做什么，白鸽都愿意做任何事情，应用what，no matter what“无论什么”。故选B。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·临夏州中考)
quick they in ear so that cold help pick up example why
When it comes to rabbits，we always think of their long ears．But do you know 1．____ they have such long ears
why
With their long ears，rabbits can 2．_______ sounds from up to three kilometers away．Most rabbits can move their ears in two different directions．Each ear can turn up to 270 degrees．This 3．_____ them to hear the sounds from all directions．For 4．________， when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming，the rabbits can 5．________ run away．
pick up
helps
example
quickly
Another reason why rabbits have long ears is for controlling 6．_____ body temperature．Rabbits have many blood vessels (血管) in their long 7．____．When a rabbit feels hot，the blood vessels will become greater 8．___ size．This allows more blood to move to its ears．As air blows over，it makes the blood cool down．Then the cool blood moves to other parts of the body 9．________ it feels comfortable．However，less blood moves to the rabbit's ears on 10．____ days．This helps to keep the heat．
【文章大意】 本文向我们科普了关于兔子为什么有长耳朵的常识。
their
ears
in
so that
cold
1．why [句意：但是你知道它们为什么有这么长的耳朵吗？根据“But do you know ________ they have such long ears？”和后文介绍兔子为什么有长耳朵可知，why“为什么”符合语境。故填why。]
2．pick up [句意：兔子有长长的耳朵，能接收到三公里外的声音。根据“rabbits can ________ sounds from up to three kilometers away”可知，兔子的长耳朵能接收到三公里外的声音，pick up“接收”，情态动词后用动词原形。故填pick up。]
3．helps [句意：这有助于它们听到来自四面八方的声音。根据“This ________ them to hear the sounds from all directions．”可知，这有助于它们听到来自四面八方的声音，help“帮助”，时态是一般现在时，主语是This，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填helps。]
4．example [句意：例如，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑。根据“For ________， when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming...”可知，此处是for example“例如”，固定短语。故填example。]
5．quickly [句意：例如，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑。根据“when they hear the sounds of a wolf coming，the rabbits can ________ run away”可知，当它们听到狼来的声音时，兔子可以迅速逃跑，quick“迅速的”，此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式。故填quickly。]
6．their [句意：兔子耳朵长的另一个原因是为了控制它们的体温。根据“Another reason why rabbits have long ears is for controlling ________ body temperature．”可知，耳朵可以帮助控制它们的体温，they“它们”，此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。]
7．ears [句意：兔子的长耳朵里有许多血管。根据“Rabbits have many blood vessels (血管) in their long ________”可知，兔子的长耳朵里有许多血管，ear“耳朵”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式。故填ears。]
8．in [句意：当兔子感到热时，血管会变大。根据“When a rabbit feels hot，the blood vessels will become greater ________ size．”可知，当兔子感到热时，血管会变大，in size“在尺寸上”符合语境。故填in。]
9．so that [句意：然后，冷的血液会流向身体的其他部位，这样它就感觉舒服了。“it feels comfortable”是“the cool blood moves to other parts of the body”的目的，用so that“为了”引导目的状语从句。故填so that。]
10．cold [句意：然而，在寒冷的日子里，流向兔子耳朵的血液较少。根据“less blood moves to the rabbit's ears on ________ days．This helps to keep the heat”可知，有助于保持热量，所以是寒冷的天，cold“寒冷的”，作定语修饰days。故填cold。]
