主题一 基础知识固根基
名词n． 1．冰ice 2．塔；塔楼tower 3．家伙；男人；小伙子guy 4．文学literature 5．方式；方法；途径means 6．(长篇)小说novel 7．著作，作品works 8．歌剧opera 9．孙子；外孙grandson 10．华尔兹舞；圆舞曲waltz 11．诗人poet 12．图；图表chart 13．正午noon 14．化学chemistry 15．剩余部分；其余rest 16．交谈；谈话conversation 17．陌生人stranger 18．拐角；角落corner 19．社区；群落；共同体；团体 community 20．对话；对白dialog/dialogue 21．一段时间；时期period 22．形式；类型form 23．商业；生意business 24．顾客customer 25．主题；话题subject 26．问候greeting 27．机会；可能性chance 28．样本；例子sample 29．建议；提示tip 30．展览exhibition 形容词adj． 1．水平的；平坦的flat 2．国家的；民族的national 3．亲切的；和蔼的kind 4．无把握；不确知unsure 5．文化的；与文化有关的cultural 6．每天的；日常的everyday 7．私人的；私密的private 动词v． 1．出生born 2．欣赏；仰慕admire 3．用颜料画；刷漆paint 4．出版；发行publish 5．进来；进去enter 6．出席；参加attend 7．避免；回避avoid
1．skate v．滑冰 →skating n．滑冰 2．love v．爱；喜欢 →loving adj．爱的；充满爱的→lover n．爱好者；热爱者 3．listen v．倾听；听 →listener n．听者 4．comfortable adj．令人舒适的；感到舒服的→uncomfortable adj．不舒服的；不安的 5．embarrass v．(使)尴尬；窘迫 →embarrassed adj．尴尬的；窘迫的→embarrassing adj．使人尴尬的；令人窘迫的 6．suggest v．建议；提议 →suggestion n．建议；提议 7．similar adj．相似的 →similarity n．相似点 8．help v．&n．帮助；援助 →helpful adj．有用的；有帮助的
1．break the ice 打破沉默；打破僵局 2．try every means to do 想方设法(做某事) 3．the music charts 音乐排行榜 4．Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 5．be born 出生；出世 6．get in trouble 遇到麻烦 7．drop out of school 辍学 8．break up 破裂；解散 9．wait in line 排队等候 10．small talk 闲谈；闲聊
1．——她什么时候出生的？ —When was she born ——她于1996年出生。 —She was born in 1996． 2．大卫·布莱恩在一块冰里站了多久？ How long did David Blaine stand in a box of ice？ 3．看起来要下雨，不是吗？ It looks like rain，doesn't it 4．——你没在派对上，是吗？ —You weren't at the party，were you ——不，我在。/是的，我不在。 —Yes，I was．/No，I wasn't．
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
rest A．n．放松；休息 B．n．剩余部分；其余
①(2023·云南模拟)Then we go out to have a long rest for outdoor activities． ( A )
②(2024·泰安东平模拟)He loved the place very much，so he stayed there for the rest of his life． ( B )
主题二 教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 1]
start like will attention express college practice on if real
Here is a show about people with great talents．One of the featured talents is a street artist who catches people's 1．attention．This artist has a unique way of 2．expressing his creativity．He paints pictures on the ground or 3．on buildings．The pictures he creates are simply astonishing．They look so 4．real and 3D，even though they are flat．It's truly a remarkable skill．He 5．started this form of painting about five years ago．When he began，he was around 20 years old and still a 6．college student．Sometimes，he got in trouble for painting the buildings at school．But his passion for this art form didn't fade．
Many people，7．like Tony，are amazed by his work and wonder 8．if they could learn to paint like that．With determination and 9．practice，it might be possible．After all，where there's a 10．will，there's a way．
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 2]
light-hearted relaxing private meet reach offer serve airport fill importance
Small talk refers to relaxing dialogue that enables people to spend time when they meet others．Empty silences often make us feel anxious，and thus，this serves as a means to 1．fill such moments．In English，people often describe it as “breaking the ice”．You can make small talk while waiting in a line at an 2．airport or bus stop．Even though the topics we discuss are typically not important，small talk itself holds 3．importance．It makes others feel 4．relaxed and helps pass the time pleasantly．
For some people，small talk is a common form of communication．For example，business travelers always 5．meet new people and often have small talk before going into serious business matters．They might be asked about how they 6．reached the meeting or if their hotel is comfortable．Workers in stores or restaurants also discover that small talk is beneficial when 7．serving customers．
People carry on small talk in almost every country．What they talk about might vary greatly，but the basic rules of small talk tend to be the same．In most cultures，it is important to smile and keep the conversation 8．light-hearted and humorous．Making others smile can cause them to feel relaxed．
The subjects we should avoid can also depend on culture．In China，it is acceptable to ask people if they are married or if they have children．However，many Westerners consider these to be 9．private matters and thus should be avoided．Additionally，the common Chinese greeting “Have you eaten yet？” might seem strange to an English speaker．
Therefore，we typically should discuss “safe” subjects like the weather，which is common in many cultures．People in England frequently talk about the weather，perhaps because it changes frequently．However，the most important thing is to 10．offer the other person an opportunity to speak and listen to what they have to say．
主题三 重点知识明考向
辨析besides，except，but与 except for
besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”，强调在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意
except 意为“除……之外(没有)”，强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个，表示排除关系，有“减除”之意
but 意为“除了”，和except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于 every，all，any，none，who等词后
except for 意为“除……之外”，强调从整体中排除部分。用于引出使某种陈述不能完全成立的事物，后接名词、代词或名词短语
用besides，except，but与 except for填空
1．Your drawing is good except for some of the colors．
2．Besides your letter，I got 5 more from others．
3．There is nothing but/except a desk in the room．
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)Sound is important for ocean animals for many reasons，except that they use it to see their environment．
5．Everyone except Tom is going to play basketball because he doesn't like it．
6．Besides working as a doctor，John also writes stories in his spare time．
辨析attend，join，join in 与take part in
attend 意为“出席(会议)，到场”；只强调人到场，不强调其作用
join 意为“加入党派、团体、组织、俱乐部”等；join sb．意为“与某人一起”
join in 意为“加入；参加(某种活动)”，表示“加入某人的某种活动”时，可用join(sb．) in (doing) sth．
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动，重在强调句子的主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用
用join，join in，attend与take part in填空
1．Jenny was so busy that she didn't attend the meeting yesterday．
2．When did your brother join the army
3．Will you join us in the discussion
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)Aguolieha，a 13-year-old girl living in a mountain village in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (凉山彝族自治州)，now could go to big cities and even go abroad to take part in basketball games．
Last weekend，many students attended an event．Besides Tom and Jerry，all of them took part in the competition．However，except for Lily，no one won a prize．
课时规范训练(十七)
考查范围：八年级下册 Units 1～2
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．Don't share your room with strangers when you are traveling alone．It's not safe．
2．(2024·吉林中考)E-books can store notes and students feel relaxed with lighter schoolbags．
3．Besides some books，Mr．Hunter also gave us some newspapers to look through．
4．Next week is full for me．I have many meetings to attend (出席)．
5．The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works (作品)．
6．People around the world could hardly avoid (避免) buying products made in China．
7．I can't learn Chinese well．Can you give me some suggestions (建议)
8．Role-play is helpful (有用的) in developing communication skills．
9．At last his book was published in 1765 after he died．
10．My math teacher is very humorous (幽默的)．All of us like his class．
二、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·泰安一模)How do plants grow in space？An experiment (实验) at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer．Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗)，which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights．
“The rice seedlings are growing very well，” Zheng Huiqiong，a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，told China Daily．Since the rice experiment began on July 29，2022，the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters．Plus，the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters．
While there have been other rice experiments in space，the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind．It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant，which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds．
“The astronauts will keep studying the plants．If the experiment is successful，they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies，” Zheng added．
Since the 1980s，China has been taking the seeds of crops to space．But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space．Micro-gravity，no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow．
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time．The US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission — the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969 — ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space．
If such an experiment goes well，astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit，reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难等。
1．What does “cultivate”in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow
C．waste D．cook
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings”可知，画线单词意为“种植”。故选B。]
2．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration．
B．To tell us about the scientists' work．
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings．
D．To show the rice experiment is going well．
D [推理判断题。根据该段首句“The rice seedlings are growing very well”可知，描述植物高度是为了证明植物在太空长得好。故选D。]
3．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space．
B．There's no micro-gravity or air in space．
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space．
D．How rice is taken and grown in space．
C [推理判断题。根据第五段“Since the 1980s，China has been taking the seeds of crops to space...make it hard for the plants to grow．”可知，本段主要介绍了太空种植困难的原因。故选C。]
4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions．
B．The importance of the rice experiment．
C．The best food choices for astronauts．
D．Changes in astronauts' food through history．
B [主旨大意题。根据倒数第一、二段内容“Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well，astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit，reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights．”可知，最后两段主要是关于太空种植植物实验的意义。故选B。]
三、阅读表达(共6小题；1－3小题每题2分；4－6小题每题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Have you ever experienced a quiet carriage (车厢) while traveling by high-speed railway in China？According to China State Railway Group，some high-speed rail lines，including the Beijing-Shanghai，Beijing-Guangzhou，and Chengdu-Chongqing routes，have introduced quiet carriage services．The service is popular among travelers and has become a hot topic on Weibo．
Passengers can choose quiet carriages when booking train tickets on 12306．cn or 12306 App．When you book your tickets，you can see the “quiet” character as a prompt (提示) for trains with quiet carriage．If you want to buy a second-class ticket with quiet carriages，you can choose the option “Please prioritize allocating (优先分配) a quiet carriage seat for me．”
Passengers in the quiet carriage are ① to follow these requirements below：wear headphones or turn off the sound of the electronic devices (电子设备)，set phones to silent or vibrate mode (震动模式)，step out of the quiet carriage when making or receiving calls or conversations，and make sure that your children won't make noise．
The Railway Group also tries different ways to help．There are clear signs on the doors and walls of the quiet carriages．These remind everyone to ② silent．To further create a quiet environment，the voice announcements (通知) in the quiet carriage are lowered to 30% to 40% of the normal volume (音量)．
Furthermore，the conductor (列车员) gives passengers one-on-one arrival reminders．When the meal service staff goes into the quiet carriage，they will stop introducing products．If passengers require catering (饮食) services，they can just scan (扫描) the QR code on the back of their seats and order their meals，and the staff will quickly send them to their seats．The train also provides passengers ③ things such as eye masks，earphones，and snore (打鼾) stoppers．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了高铁上的静音车厢。介绍了这种车厢的订票方式、乘客在静音车厢需要遵守的规则以及乘务员提供的服务。
1．Do all the high-speed trains have a quiet carriage？(No more than 3 words)
No，they don't． [根据第一段“According to China State Railway Group，some high-speed rail lines，including the Beijing-Shanghai，Beijing-Guangzhou，and Chengdu-Chongqing routes，have introduced quiet carriage services．”可知，不是所有的高铁都有静音车厢。故填No，they don't．]
2．Where can you book the “quiet carriage” tickets according to the passage？(No more than 5 words)
On 12306．cn or 12306 App． [根据第二段“Passengers can choose quiet carriages when booking train tickets on 12306．cn or 12306 App．”可知，乘客可以在中国铁路12306官网上或中国铁路12306应用小程序上预订静音车厢。故填On 12306．cn or 12306 App．]
3．How is the “quiet” carriage kept quiet？(No more than 20 words)
Passengers should/need to follow the quiet requirements and the Railway Group tries different ways to help keep the carriage quiet． [根据第三段“Passengers in the quiet carriage are...to follow these requirements below”和第四段“The Railway Group also tries different ways to help．”可知，静音车厢通过以下方式保持安静：乘客应该遵守安静的要求，铁路集团会尝试不同的方法来帮助保持车厢安静。故填Passengers should/need to follow the quiet requirements and the Railway Group tries different ways to help keep the carriage quiet．]
4．Fill in the blanks with proper words．(No more than 1 word each)
① ② ③
①supposed/expected/asked/made/required
②stay/keep/be ③with [①此处表示在静音车厢里的乘客应该或被要求遵守规则，be supposed/expected to do sth．意为 “应该做某事”，be asked/made/required to do sth．意为 “被要求做某事”。故填supposed/expected/asked/made/required。②此处表示保持安静，结合空后的形容词silent可知，空格处应填stay、keep或be。故填stay/keep/be。③provide sb．with sth．意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。]
5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
这种服务在游客们之中很受欢迎而且已经成为微博的热门话题。 [The service“这种服务”；is popular among travelers“在游客们之中很受欢迎”；and“而且”；has become“已经成为”；a hot topic on Weibo“微博的热门话题”。故填：这种服务在游客们之中很受欢迎而且已经成为微博的热门话题。]
6．What do you think of the quiet carriage on the high-speed train？Please write down your opinions．(No more than 20 words)
I think it is a good way to help the passengers enjoy their trip on the high-speed train． [开放性作答，言之成理即可。]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共59张PPT)
八年级下册 Units 1～2
主题目标 践行学思结合
主题群概览 核心素养内涵 子主题群目标
人际沟通 语言能力；文化意识；思维品质；学习能力 1．掌握基础词汇知识，能用句子描述身边小事及杰出人物的具体信息。
2．通过语境应用，实践重要知识点，深化理解主题意义。
社会与文化
深化探究 完成主题目标
主题一 基础知识固根基
名词 n．
1．冰___
2．塔；塔楼_____
3．家伙；男人；小伙子___
4．文学__________
ice
tower
guy
literature
5．方式；方法；途径_____
6．(长篇)小说_____
7．著作，作品_____
8．歌剧_____
9．孙子；外孙________
10．华尔兹舞；圆舞曲_____
means
novel
works
opera
grandson
waltz
11．诗人____
12．图；图表_____
13．正午____
14．化学_________
15．剩余部分；其余____
poet
chart
noon
chemistry
rest
16．交谈；谈话____________
17．陌生人________
18．拐角；角落______
19．社区；群落；共同体；团体_________
20．对话；对白________________
conversation
stranger
corner
community
dialog/dialogue
21．一段时间；时期______
22．形式；类型____
23．商业；生意________
24．顾客________
25．主题；话题_______
period
form
business
customer
subject
26．问候________
27．机会；可能性______
28．样本；例子______
29．建议；提示___
30．展览__________
greeting
chance
sample
tip
exhibition
形容词 adj．
1．水平的；平坦的____
2．国家的；民族的________
3．亲切的；和蔼的____
4．无把握；不确知______
flat
national
kind
unsure
5．文化的；与文化有关的________
6．每天的；日常的________
7．私人的；私密的_______
cultural
everyday
private
动词 v．
1．出生____
2．欣赏；仰慕______
3．用颜料画；刷漆_____
4．出版；发行_______
5．进来；进去_____
6．出席；参加______
7．避免；回避_____
born
admire
paint
publish
enter
attend
avoid
1．skate v．滑冰
→_______ n．滑冰
2．love v．爱；喜欢
→______ adj．爱的；充满爱的→_____ n．爱好者；热爱者
3．listen v．倾听；听
→________ n．听者
skating
loving
lover
listener
4．comfortable adj．令人舒适的；感到舒服的
→_____________ adj．不舒服的；不安的
5．embarrass v．(使)尴尬；窘迫
→___________ adj．尴尬的；窘迫的→____________ adj．使人尴尬的；令人窘迫的
6．suggest v．建议；提议
→__________ n．建议；提议
uncomfortable
embarrassed
embarrassing
suggestion
7．similar adj．相似的
→__________ n．相似点
8．help v．&n．帮助；援助
→_______ adj．有用的；有帮助的
similarity
helpful
1．____________打破沉默；打破僵局
2．__________________ 想方设法(做某事)
3．_______________ 音乐排行榜
4．____________ 诺贝尔奖
5．________ 出生；出世
break the ice
try every means to do
the music charts
Nobel Prize
be born
6．____________ 遇到麻烦
7．________________ 辍学
8．_________ 破裂；解散
9．__________ 排队等候
10．_________闲谈；闲聊
get in trouble
drop out of school
break up
wait in line
small talk
1．——她什么时候出生的？
—When ___ she ____
——她于1996年出生。
—She _________ in 1996．
2．大卫·布莱恩在一块冰里站了多久？
_________ did David Blaine _____ in a box of ice？
was
born
was born
How long
stand
3．看起来要下雨，不是吗？
It looks like rain，_________
4．——你没在派对上，是吗？
—You weren't at the party，_________
——不，我在。/是的，我不在。
—___，______．/___，_______．
doesn't it
were you
Yes
I was
No
I wasn't
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
rest A．n．放松；休息 B．n．剩余部分；其余
①(2023·云南模拟)Then we go out to have a long rest for outdoor activities． ( )
②(2024·泰安东平模拟)He loved the place very much，so he stayed there for the rest of his life． ( )
B
A
主题二 教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 1]
start like will attention express college practice on if real
Here is a show about people with great talents．One of the featured talents is a street artist who catches people's 1．_________．This artist has a unique way of 2．__________ his creativity．He paints pictures on the ground or 3．__ buildings．The pictures he creates are simply astonishing．They look so 4．____ and 3D，even though they are flat．It's truly a remarkable skill．He 5．_______ this form of painting about five years ago．When he began，he was around 20 years old and still a 6．_______ student．Sometimes，he got in trouble for painting the buildings at school．But his passion for this art form didn't fade．
attention
expressing
on
real
started
college
Many people，7．____ Tony，are amazed by his work and wonder 8．__ they could learn to paint like that．With determination and 9．_______it might be possible．After all，where there's a 10．____there's a way．
like
if
practice
will
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 2]
light-hearted relaxing private meet reach offer serve airport fill importance
Small talk refers to relaxing dialogue that enables people to spend time when they meet others．Empty silences often make us feel anxious，and thus，this serves as a means to 1．____ such moments．In English，people often describe it as “breaking the ice”．You can make small talk while waiting in a line at an 2．_______ or bus stop．Even though the topics we discuss are typically not important，small talk itself holds 3．__________．It makes others feel 4．_______ and helps pass the time pleasantly．
fill
airport
importance
relaxed
For some people，small talk is a common form of communication．For example，business travelers always 5．____ new people and often have small talk before going into serious business matters．They might be asked about how they 6．_______ the meeting or if their hotel is comfortable．Workers in stores or restaurants also discover that small talk is beneficial when 7．_______ customers．
meet
reached
serving
People carry on small talk in almost every country．What they talk about might vary greatly，but the basic rules of small talk tend to be the same．In most cultures，it is important to smile and keep the conversation 8．___________ and humorous．Making others smile can cause them to feel relaxed．
light-hearted
The subjects we should avoid can also depend on culture．In China，it is acceptable to ask people if they are married or if they have children．However，many Westerners consider these to be 9．_______ matters and thus should be avoided．Additionally，the common Chinese greeting “Have you eaten yet？” might seem strange to an English speaker．
private
Therefore，we typically should discuss “safe” subjects like the weather，which is common in many cultures．People in England frequently talk about the weather，perhaps because it changes frequently．However，the most important thing is to 10．_____ the other person an opportunity to speak and listen to what they have to say．
offer
辨析besides，except，but与 except for
主题三 重点知识明考向
besides 意为“除……之外(还有)”，强调在整体中加入一部分，表示一种累加关系，有“加上”之意
except 意为“除……之外(没有)”，强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个，表示排除关系，有“减除”之意
but 意为“除了”，和except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯上用于 every，all，any，none，who等词后
except for 意为“除……之外”，强调从整体中排除部分。用于引出使某种陈述不能完全成立的事物，后接名词、代词或名词短语
用besides，except，but与 except for填空
1．Your drawing is good _________ some of the colors．
2．_______ your letter，I got 5 more from others．
3．There is nothing ___________ a desk in the room．
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)Sound is important for ocean animals for many reasons，______ that they use it to see their environment．
5．Everyone ______ Tom is going to play basketball because he doesn't like it．
6．_______ working as a doctor，John also writes stories in his spare time．
except for
Besides
but/except
except
except
Besides
辨析attend，join，join in 与take part in
attend 意为“出席(会议)，到场”；只强调人到场，不强调其作用
join 意为“加入党派、团体、组织、俱乐部”等；join sb．意为
“与某人一起”
join in 意为“加入；参加(某种活动)”，表示“加入某人的某种活动”时，可用join(sb．) in (doing) sth．
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动，重在强调句子的主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用
用join，join in，attend与take part in填空
1．Jenny was so busy that she didn't ______ the meeting yesterday．
2．When did your brother ____ the army
3．Will you ____ us __ the discussion
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)Aguolieha，a 13-year-old girl living in a mountain village in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (凉山彝族自治州)，now could go to big cities and even go abroad to __________ basketball games．
attend
join
join
in
take part in
语境串记
Last weekend，many students attended an event．Besides Tom and Jerry，all of them took part in the competition．However，except for Lily，no one won a prize．
课时规范训练(十七)
考查范围：八年级下册 Units 1～2
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．Don't share your room with s________ when you are traveling alone．It's not safe．
2．(2024·吉林中考)E-books can store notes and students feel r______ with lighter schoolbags．
3．B______ some books，Mr．Hunter also gave us some newspapers to look through．
4．Next week is full for me．I have many meetings to ______ (出席)．
5．The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early _____ (作品)．
trangers
elaxed
esides
attend
works
6．People around the world could hardly _____ (避免) buying products made in China．
7．I can't learn Chinese well．Can you give me some ___________ (建议)
8．Role-play is _______ (有用的) in developing communication skills．
9．At last his book was p________ in 1765 after he died．
10．My math teacher is very ________ (幽默的)．All of us like his class．
avoid
suggestions
helpful
ublished
humorous
二、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·泰安一模)How do plants grow in space？An experiment (实验) at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer．Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗)，which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights．
“The rice seedlings are growing very well，” Zheng Huiqiong，a scientist at the Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，told China Daily．Since the rice experiment began on July 29，2022，the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters．Plus，the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters．
While there have been other rice experiments in space，the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind．It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant，which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds．
“The astronauts will keep studying the plants．If the experiment is successful，they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies，” Zheng added．
Since the 1980s，China has been taking the seeds of crops to space．But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space．Micro-gravity，no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow．
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time．The US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission — the first humans to land on the moon in July 1969 — ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了中国在太空种植植物方面取得的进展，以及在太空中种植的意义、面临的困难等。
If such an experiment goes well，astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit，reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights．
√
1．What does “cultivate”in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．find B．grow
C．waste D．cook
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings”可知，画线单词意为“种植”。故选B。]
√
2．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2
A．To make us interested in space exploration．
B．To tell us about the scientists' work．
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings．
D．To show the rice experiment is going well．
D [推理判断题。根据该段首句“The rice seedlings are growing very well”可知，描述植物高度是为了证明植物在太空长得好。故选D。]
√
3．What does Paragraph 5 tell us
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space．
B．There's no micro-gravity or air in space．
C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space．
D．How rice is taken and grown in space．
C [推理判断题。根据第五段“Since the 1980s，China has been taking the seeds of crops to space...make it hard for the plants to grow．”可知，本段主要介绍了太空种植困难的原因。故选C。]
√
4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Future space missions．
B．The importance of the rice experiment．
C．The best food choices for astronauts．
D．Changes in astronauts‘ food through history．
B [主旨大意题。根据倒数第一、二段内容“Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time...If such an experiment goes well，astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit，reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights．”可知，最后两段主要是关于太空种植植物实验的意义。故选B。]
三、阅读表达(共6小题；1－3小题每题2分；4－6小题每题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)Have you ever experienced a quiet carriage (车厢) while traveling by high-speed railway in China？According to China State Railway Group，some high-speed rail lines，including the Beijing-Shanghai，Beijing-Guangzhou，and Chengdu-Chongqing routes，have introduced quiet carriage services．The service is popular among travelers and has become a hot topic on Weibo．
Passengers can choose quiet carriages when booking train tickets on 12306．cn or 12306 App．When you book your tickets，you can see the “quiet” character as a prompt (提示) for trains with quiet carriage．If you want to buy a second-class ticket with quiet carriages，you can choose the option “Please prioritize allocating (优先分配) a quiet carriage seat for me．”
Passengers in the quiet carriage are ① to follow these requirements below：wear headphones or turn off the sound of the electronic devices (电子设备)，set phones to silent or vibrate mode (震动模式)，step out of the quiet carriage when making or receiving calls or conversations，and make sure that your children won't make noise．
The Railway Group also tries different ways to help．There are clear signs on the doors and walls of the quiet carriages．These remind everyone to ② silent．To further create a quiet environment，the voice announcements (通知) in the quiet carriage are lowered to 30% to 40% of the normal volume (音量)．
Furthermore，the conductor (列车员) gives passengers one-on-one arrival reminders．When the meal service staff goes into the quiet carriage，they will stop introducing products．If passengers require catering (饮食) services，they can just scan (扫描) the QR code on the back of their seats and order their meals，and the staff will quickly send them to their seats．The train also provides passengers ③ things such as eye masks，earphones，and snore (打鼾) stoppers．
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了高铁上的静音车厢。介绍了这种车厢的订票方式、乘客在静音车厢需要遵守的规则以及乘务员提供的服务。
1．Do all the high-speed trains have a quiet carriage？(No more than 3 words)
_______________
No，they don't． [根据第一段“According to China State Railway Group，some high-speed rail lines，including the Beijing-Shanghai，Beijing-Guangzhou，and Chengdu-Chongqing routes，have introduced quiet carriage services．”可知，不是所有的高铁都有静音车厢。故填No，they don't．]
No，they don't．
2．Where can you book the “quiet carriage” tickets according to the passage？(No more than 5 words)
__________________________
On 12306．cn or 12306 App． [根据第二段“Passengers can choose quiet carriages when booking train tickets on 12306．cn or 12306 App．”可知，乘客可以在中国铁路12306官网上或中国铁路12306应用小程序上预订静音车厢。故填On 12306．cn or 12306 App．]
On 12306．cn or 12306 App．
3．How is the “quiet” carriage kept quiet？(No more than 20 words)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Passengers should/need to follow the quiet requirements and the
Railway Group tries different ways to help keep the carriage quiet．
Passengers should/need to follow the quiet requirements and the Railway Group tries different ways to help keep the carriage quiet． [根据第三段“Passengers in the quiet carriage are...to follow these requirements below”和第四段“The Railway Group also tries different ways to help．”可知，静音车厢通过以下方式保持安静：乘客应该遵守安静的要求，铁路集团会尝试不同的方法来帮助保持车厢安静。故填Passengers should/need to follow the quiet requirements and the Railway Group tries different ways to help keep the carriage quiet．]
4．Fill in the blanks with proper words．(No more than 1 word each)
①___________________________________ ②___________
③_____
supposed/expected/asked/made/required
stay/keep/be
with
①supposed/expected/asked/made/required ②stay/keep/be ③with [①此处表示在静音车厢里的乘客应该或被要求遵守规则，be supposed/expected to do sth．意为 “应该做某事”，be asked/made/required to do sth．意为 “被要求做某事”。故填supposed/expected/asked/made/required。②此处表示保持安静，结合空后的形容词silent可知，空格处应填stay、keep或be。故填stay/keep/be。③provide sb．with sth．意为“为某人提供某物”。故填with。]
5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
___________________________________________________________
这种服务在游客们之中很受欢迎而且已经成为微博的热门话题。 [The service“这种服务”；is popular among travelers“在游客们之中很受欢迎”；and“而且”；has become“已经成为”；a hot topic on Weibo“微博的热门话题”。故填：这种服务在游客们之中很受欢迎而且已经成为微博的热门话题。]
这种服务在游客们之中很受欢迎而且已经成为微博的热门话题。
6．What do you think of the quiet carriage on the high-speed train？Please write down your opinions．(No more than 20 words)
__________________________________________________________________________
I think it is a good way to help the passengers enjoy their trip on the high-speed train． [开放性作答，言之成理即可。]
I think it is a good way to help the passengers enjoy their trip on the
high-speed train． 八年级下册 Units 1～2
深化探究·完成主题目标
主题一 基础知识固根基
会写词汇
名词 1．ice 2．tower 3．guy 4．literature 5．means 6．novel 7．works 8．opera 9．grandson 10．waltz 11．poet 12．chart 13．noon 14．chemistry 15．rest 16．conversation 17．stranger 18．corner 19．community 20．dialog/dialogue 21．period 22．form 23．business 24．customer 25．subject 26．greeting 27．chance 28．sample 29．tip 30．exhibition
形容词 1．flat 2．national 3．kind 4．unsure 5．cultural 6．everyday 7．private
动词 1．born 2．admire 3．paint 4．publish 5．enter 6．attend 7．avoid
会辨词形
1．skating 2．loving；lover 3．listener 4．uncomfortable 5．embarrassed；embarrassing 6．suggestion 7．similarity 8．helpful
会记短语
1．break the ice 2．try every means to do 3．the music charts 4．Nobel Prize 5．be born 6．get in trouble 7．drop out of school 8．break up 9．wait in line 10．small talk
会用句式
1．was；born；was born 2．How long；stand 3．doesn't it 4．were you；Yes；I was；No；I wasn't
熟词生义
①A ②B
