八年级下册 Units 3～4
深化探究·完成主题目标
主题一 基础知识固根基
会写词汇
名词 1．jungle 2．fall 3．spotlight 4．capital 5．sight 6．cathedral 7．church 8．wine 9．entertainment 10．gallery 11．survey 12．programming 13．sportspeople 14．conclusion 15．attitude 16．textbook 17．sentence
18．grammar 19．pal 20．physics 21．pattern 22．speed 23．partner 24．ability 25．brain 26．attention 27．knowledge
形容词 1．fascinating 2．thrilling 3．touristy 4．realistic 5．willing 6．ideal 7．born 8．active 9．lifelong
副词 1．aloud 2．overnight
动词 1．trek 2．translate 3．suppose 4．pack 5．sail 6．receive 7．repeat 8．increase 9．connect
介词 including
会辨词形
1．tiring；tired 2．French 3．lively 4．convenience；inconvenient 5．finding 6．chose；chosen；choice 7．pronunciation 8．express 9．memory 10．wise
会记短语
1．be willing to (do sth．) 2．be born with 3．in general 4．as soon as possible 5．connect...with 6．take it easy 7．dream of 8．hold on to 9．look up
会用句式
1．would you like 2．somewhere relaxing 3．Would；like to 4．the secret to
熟词生义
①A ②B(共79张PPT)
八年级下册 Units 3～4
主题目标 践行学思结合
主题群概览 核心素养内涵 子主题群目标
生活与学习 语言能力；文化意识；思维品质；学习能力 1．掌握基础词汇知识，能用句子描述自我提升和出行计划的具体信息。
2．通过语境应用，实践重要知识点，深化理解主题意义。
做人与做事
深化探究 完成主题目标
主题一 基础知识固根基
名词 n．
1．(热带)丛林______
2．瀑布(常pl．)____
3．聚光灯；公众注意的中心s________
4．首都_______
jungle
fall
potlight
capital
5．名胜；风景(常pl．)_____
6．总教堂；主教座堂；大教堂_________
7．教堂______
8．葡萄酒；酒____
9．乐趣；欢乐_____________
10．画廊，美术陈列室，美术馆；(美术馆等展出或收藏的全部)美术品_______
sight
cathedral
church
wine
entertainment
gallery
11．调查；测验______
12．编程___________
13．爱好运动的人；运动员____________
14．结论__________
15．态度________
16．教科书；课本________
survey
programming
sportspeople
conclusion
attitude
textbook
17．句子________
18．语法_______
19．朋友；伙伴___
20．物理；物理学_______
21．模式；方式_______
22．速度_____
sentence
grammar
pal
physics
pattern
speed
23．搭档；同伴_______
24．能力；才能_______
25．大脑_____
26．注意；关注_________
27．知识；学问_________
partner
ability
brain
attention
knowledge
形容词 adj．
1．迷人的；有极大吸引力的___________
2．令人激动的；令人震颤的t________
3．游客很多的；游客常去的；适合游览的________
4．现实的；实际的_________
fascinating
thrilling
touristy
realistic
5．乐意的；自愿的；心甘情愿的_______
6．完美的；理想的；最合适的_____
7．天生的____
8．活跃的；积极的______
9．终身的；毕生的________
willing
ideal
born
active
lifelong
副词 adv．
1．大声地；出声地_____
2．一夜之间；在夜间_________
动词 v．
1．(缓慢或艰难地)旅行；长途跋涉____
2．翻译_________
aloud
overnight
trek
translate
3．推断；料想_______
4．包装；装箱____
5．航行；在……上航行____
6．接受；收到_______
suppose
pack
sail
receive
7．重复；重做______
8．增加；增长________
9．(使)连接；与……有联系_______
介词 prep．
包含；包括_________
repeat
increase
connect
including
1．tire v．(使)感到累，(使)感到疲劳
→______ adj．引发疲劳的；累人的→_____ adj．疲倦的，累的；厌烦的
2．France n．法国
→______ adj．法国的；法语的；法国人的n．法国人；法语
3．live v．活；生存
→______ adj．生气勃勃的；(色彩)鲜艳的
tiring
tired
French
lively
4．convenient adj．便利的；方便的
→___________ n．方便；便利→____________ adj．不便利的
5．find v．发现；找到
→_______ n．发现；发现物；调查(或研究)的结果
6．choose v．选择；挑选
→_____ (过去式)→______ (过去分词)→______ n．选择；挑选
convenience
inconvenient
finding
chose
chosen
choice
7．pronounce v．发音
→_____________ n．发音；读音
8．expression n．表情；表示；表达方式
→_______ v．表示；表达
9．memorize v．记忆；记住
→______ n．记忆；回忆‘
10．wisely adv．明智地；聪明地
→____ adj．明智的
pronunciation
express
memory
wise
1．____________________ 乐意(做某事)
2．___________ 天生具有
3．___________ 通常；大体上；一般而言
4．________________ 尽快地
5．____________ 把……和……连接或联系起来
be willing to (do sth．)
be born with
in general
as soon as possible
connect...with
6．__________ 从容；轻松；不紧张
7．_________ 梦想；幻想；向往
8．__________继续；坚持；保持
9．________ (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
take it easy
dream of
hold on to
look up
1．你想到哪里去旅行？
Where _____________ to visit
2．我想去令人放松的地方。
I'd like to go _________________．
3．你想去旅游吗？
_____ you ______ travel
4．语言学习的秘诀是什么？
What is ___________ language learning？
would you like
somewhere relaxing
Would
like to
the secret to
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
capital A．n．首都 B．adj．大写的
①(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)Harbin，the capital city of Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province，welcomed millions of tourists during the past winter． ( )
②The boy typed out the sentence in capital letters． ( )
B
A
主题二 教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 3]
visit forward interested what many comfortable provide winter friendly weather
Meili has a plan for this vacation．When Sam asks her 1．____ she would like to do this vacation，she says she wants to go traveling with her parents．Meili expresses her desire to visit Taiwan．Sam is quite 2．________and wonders why she has chosen Taiwan．Meili replies that she thinks Taiwan is very beautiful and the people there are very 3．_______．
what
interested
friendly
However，Sam brings up a point．He tells Meili that there are too 4．____ tourists in Taiwan during this season．Meili is surprised to hear this．Sam further explains that the 5．_______ in Taiwan is too hot at this time of year．He suggests that it would be a better choice to visit Taiwan in 6．______．Meili listens carefully and realizes that perhaps visiting in winter is a better idea．
many
weather
winter
After considering Sam's advice，Meili decides to postpone her trip to Taiwan until winter．She looks 7．_______ to having a pleasant and 8．___________ journey then．The idea of 9．_______the beautiful island in a more favorable climate excites her．And she is grateful to Sam for 10．_________ such useful information．
forward
comfortable
visiting
providing
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 4]
allow pick key struggle mean terrible single realize silent deeper
How I Learned to Learn English
In the past year，I had a hard time in my English class．Each class felt like a 1．________ nightmare．The teacher talked at such a fast pace that I 2．_________ to understand her most of the time．Due to my poor pronunciation，I was too scared to ask any questions．I just hid myself behind my textbook and remained 3．______ all the time．
terrible
struggled
silent
However，everything changed one day when I watched an English movie named Toy Story．I was immediately attracted by this exciting and amusing film! After that，I started to watch other English movies as well．Although I couldn't understand every 4．______ word the characters said，their body language and the expressions on their faces were of great help in 5．________ me to grasp the meaning．I also discovered that I could figure out the meaning by concentrating on just the key words．Moreover，my pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies．I came to 6．_______ that listening to something fascinating is the 7．___ to language learning．
allowing
realize
single
key
I also 8．______ up useful sentences like “It's a piece of cake” or “It serves you right”．At first，I had no idea what these sentences 9．_____．But because I wanted to understand the story，I referred to a dictionary to look them up．Now，I truly enjoy my English class．I want learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a 10．______ understanding of English movies．I believe that with my continuous efforts，my English will become better and better．
picked
meant
deeper
辨析aloud，loud与loudly
主题三 重点知识明考向
aloud 意为“出声地；大声地”，常与read/call等词连用，不用于比较级
loud 意为“高声地；大声地；喧闹地”，指说话声和笑声，常与talk/speak/laugh/sing等词连用，常用于比较级
loudly 意为“高声地；喧闹地”，可以和loud互换，但含有“吵闹”的意思
1．(2023·宜宾中考)蒂娜正在努力养成每天大声读英语的习惯。
Tina is trying to develop the habit of _______ English _____ every day．
2．请大声点说，以便我能听清楚。
Please _____________，so that I can hear you clearly．
3．不要这么大声，婴儿在睡觉。
Don't _____ so ______．The baby is sleeping．
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)We should shout as ______ as we can to get those with good swimming skills to help the person who falls into the water．
reading
aloud
speak louder
speak
loudly
loudly
辨析voice，noise与sound
voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声
noise 指不悦耳的吵闹声，如嘈杂声、噪音等
sound 作名词时，泛指人听到的任何声音；作系动词时，意为“听起来”
[图解助记]
用voice，noise，sound的适当形式填空
1．(2024·泰安东平模拟改编)I like the _____ of the rain on the roof and windows because it makes me feel nice and comfortable inside my house．
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)A man's _____ came，“You need some help？”
sound
voice
3．—Do you like the song Lonely Warrior？
—Of course．It ______ great．
4．The kids are making too much _____ here．I can't do anything．
sounds
noise
find的用法
1．Do you find this book ___________ (interest)
2．When I got home this afternoon，I found my sister ______ (make) a card for our mother as the Mother's Day gift．
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)Researchers find it difficult _________ (study) terns due to their lonely habitats．
interesting
making
to study
afraid的用法
(1)be afraid of sb．/sth．害怕某人/某事
(2)be afraid of doing sth．表示“担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)”，可用 be afraid that...替换；还可以表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)”
(3)be afraid to do sth．害怕做某事或不敢做某事
【注意】 表示“担心会发生某事或某情况”，只能用 be afraid of doing sth．；表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”等，既可以用be afraid of doing sth．，也可以用be afraid to do sth．。
1．He is afraid to go out in the night．(同义句转换)
＝He is ______________ out in the night．
2．大多数动物害怕火。(翻译句子)
___________________________
3．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟改编)We should not be afraid of ______ (try) our best to solve the problems in our study and life．
afraid of going
Most animals are afraid of fire．
trying
by的用法
用法 意义
by＋动词-ing形式 通过……手段；以……方式
by＋交通工具 乘坐；用
by＋抽象名词 由于(表示原因)
by＋地点名词 在……旁边，靠近
by＋人 表示由某人发出的动作，通常用于被动语态
by＋物 表示抓到或触及的部分
[拓展延伸]
in表示“用……方式，用……语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等”；with表示“用……有形工具、材料、内容等”。
语境串记
One day，I was walking home alone．Suddenly，I heard a loud noise．I was afraid and stopped．Then I heard a voice calling aloud for help．I followed the sound and found a little girl crying by the road．
课时规范训练(十八)
考查范围：八年级下册 Units 3～4
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．I found it hard for me to improve s______ English．
2．—I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor _____________ (发音)．
—You'd better practice speaking more．
3．We should keep our voice d_____ in public places．
4．Beijing is the _______ (首都) of China．
5．I'll call back at a more __________ (方便的) time．
poken
pronunciation
own
capital
convenient
6．We need to read books to get more k__________ of the history of the Communist Party of China．
7．Being overweight i________ the risk of having a heart problem．You'd better exercise more．
8．This is one of the biggest _________ (公司) in our city．
9．I'm looking forward to going to ______ (法国) for a trip．
10．Jumping rope is a kind of full-body exercise and it is great for the _____ (大脑)．
nowledge
ncreases
companies
France
brain
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·菏泽中考)Years ago，my father and I were on a summer road trip from Dallas to Austin．On our way back，the battery meter (电池电量计) seemed to act funny，jumping up then dropping down．
We stopped to buy a new battery and replaced (替换) the 1 one in the parking lot．And we went on our trip．We got about 20 miles outside the city when our car died．Then we 2 it was not the problem of the battery．We had to 3 on the side of the road．My father 4 the car and repaired it on his own，but it still didn't work．
We were about to call for help when a 5 stopped in front of our car．A man got out and started walking towards us．He asked us what the problem was．My father 6 that our car was dead．The man said he had a tow chain (拖链) and would be able to tow us to Dallas，which was about 200 miles away．We agreed and thanked him．
Then my father stayed in our car，and I got on the truck．Later I learned the 7 of the truck driver．About a year ago，he was told by the doctor that he had lung cancer (肺癌)，and his days were .
8 ．Instead of doing treatment (治疗)，he decided to accept the fact and spend the rest of his life driving all over Texas，and 9 people who were in need．
I can't remember his name anymore，but I'll never 10 him helping us that night．
【文章大意】 本文作者介绍了一位身患癌症的人帮助自己和爸爸的经历。
√
1．A．big B．old C．dirty
B [句意：我们停下来买了一块新电池，并在停车场更换了旧电池。big大的；old旧的；dirty脏的。根据“We stopped to buy a new battery and replaced (替换) the ________ one in the parking lot．”可知，用新电池更换了旧电池。故选B。]
√
2．A．realized B．regretted C．expected
A [句意：然后我们意识到这不是电池的问题。realized意识到；regretted后悔；expected期待。根据“Then we ________ it was not the problem of the battery．”可知，我们意识到这不是电池的问题。故选A。]
√
3．A．mark B．lock C．stop
C [句意：我们不得不停在路边。mark做记号；lock锁；stop停止。根据“We had to ________ on the side of the road．”可知，车还是不行，所以不得不停在路边。故选C。]
√
4．A．got off B．turned on C．slowed down
A [句意：我父亲下了车，自己修，但它还是不好使。get off下车；turn on打开；slow down减慢。根据“My father ________ the car and repaired it on his own”可知，父亲下车修车。故选A。]
√
5．A．bike B．truck C．bus
B [句意：我们正要呼救，这时一辆卡车停在了我们的车前。bike自行车；truck卡车；bus公交车。根据后文“________ of the truck driver”可知，是一辆卡车。故选B。]
√
6．A．noticed B．learned C．replied
C [句意：父亲回答说我们的车坏了。notice注意到；learn学习；reply回复。根据“He asked us what the problem was．My father ________ that our car was dead．”可知，卡车司机问，父亲回答。故选C。]
√
7．A．work B．story C．address
B [句意：后来我知道了卡车司机的故事。work工作；story故事；address地址。根据“Later I learned the ________ of the truck driver．”可知，“我”知道了卡车司机的故事。故选B。]
√
8．A．caught B．wasted C．numbered
C [句意：大约一年前，医生告知他得了肺癌，他的日子屈指可数了。catch抓住；wast浪费；number总计。根据“About a year ago，he was told by the doctor that he had lung cancer (肺癌)，and his days were ________．”可知，他得了肺癌，他的日子屈指可数了。故选C。]
√
9．A．helping B．choosing C．greeting
A [句意：他没有接受治疗，而是决定接受这个事实，用他的余生开车走遍得克萨斯州，帮助那些需要帮助的人。help帮助；choose选择；greet问候。根据“he decided to accept the fact and spend the rest of his life driving all over Texas，and ________ people who were in need”可知，他帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选A。]
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10．A．forgive B．forget C．invite
B [句意：我不记得他的名字了，但我永远不会忘记他那天晚上帮助我们。forgive原谅；forget忘记；invite邀请。根据“I can't remember his name anymore，but I'll never ________ him helping us that night．”可知，永远不会忘记他帮助我们。故选B。]
三、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·济南长清模拟)Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project．This public-spirited young person was now a university student．His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future．
Bert found his love early in life．When he was around 4 or 5，he always loved to watch different insects，especially beautiful swallowtails (凤蝶)．One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry animals that they tasted bad．And it was also fun to watch how they came into being．But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible． For example，if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails，you planted some zinnias，a kind of bright flowers．
Bert started a zinnia garden at his house，where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years．With the world's swallowtail population falling，Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared，so would all the others above them on the food chain．To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students，he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school．
Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails．“Whenever a swallowtail lands on them，the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects．They develop a new appreciation for them，” he said．
Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it more popular．
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因为 “绿色” 项目而获得 “青年英雄” 奖项的男孩Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事。
√
1． After Bert was honored with Young Heroes，__________．
A．he often gave speeches in public
B．he set up his “green” project
C．he became interested in swallowtails
D．he went on protecting insects
D [推理判断题。根据“Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his ‘green’ project．This public-spirited young person was now a university student．His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future．”可知，他会继续保护昆虫。故选D。]
√
2．The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means ________．
A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to
C．hard to raise D．safe to reach
B [词义猜测题。根据“But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible．For example，if you wanted to attract(吸引) swallowtails，you planted some zinnias，a kind of bright flowers．”可知，他真正爱上它们的原因是它们很容易接近。例如，如果你想吸引凤蝶，你就种植一些百日菊，一种鲜艳的花。因此accessible的意思是“易接近的”。故选B。]
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3．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was ________．
A．to watch students have fun
B．to make his school more beautiful
C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing
D．to help kids learn about swallowtails
D [细节理解题。根据“...Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared，so would all the others above them on the food chain．To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students，he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school．”可知，Bert是为了帮助孩子们了解凤蝶，所以才建立了花园。故选D。]
√
4．What does the writer think of Bert's project
A．Meaningful． B．Useless．
C．Funny． D．Common．
A [推理判断题。根据“Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it more popular．”可知，作者认为Bert的“绿色”项目是有意义的。故选A。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·成都中考)
age agree follow lead mean perform please talent they wide
William Shakespeare was born more than 450 years ago．He is 1．________ regarded as one of the greatest writers in history and is still influencing artists today．However，his language is too old-fashioned and difficult to 2．________ because his time was quite different from today．This has 3．____ to a discussion：To update (更新) or not to update Shakespeare
widely
follow
led
Some people think updating Shakespeare is necessary．They say Shakespeare's plays are great，but what is the point if they cannot be understood？So many 4．________ modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays in the way people speak today．This makes 5．________ clearer for today's audiences (读者)．At the same time，audiences would still get as much 6．________ from the plays．
talented
them
pleasure
Some people 7．________．They think Shakespeare's works are beautiful and timeless．The richness of the language and the playful use of words should be celebrated．There are good reasons why the plays are still being 8．________ today．Many of Shakespeare's expressions are still used，for example，“All that glitters (发光) isn't gold．” His works tell us what it 9．________ to be human．Topics such as love，kindness and friendship last through the 10．____．
What do you think？Should Shakespeare be updated
disagree
performed
means
ages
【文章大意】 本文讲述了莎士比亚的作品语言太过时了，很难理解，因为他的时代与今天有很大的不同，因此讨论了是否需要更新。
1．widely [句意：他被广泛认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一，至今仍在影响着艺术家们。根据“regarded as one of the greatest writers in history”以及结合备选词可知，莎士比亚是指被广泛认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一，副词widely“广泛地”作状语。故填widely。]
2．follow [句意：然而，他的语言太过时了，很难理解，因为他的时代与今天有很大的不同。根据“his language is too old-fashioned and difficult”可知，他使用的语言很难理解，be difficult to do sth．“做某事是困难的”，follow“理解”。故填follow。]
3．led [句意：这引发了一场讨论：更新还是不更新莎士比亚？根据“to a discussion”可知，对于更新与否引发了一场讨论，lead“导致”，结合空前助动词has，此处需用动词的过去分词，构成现在完成时态。故填led。]
4．talented [句意：许多有才华的现代作家用今天人们说话的方式重写了莎士比亚的戏剧。根据“modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays”以及结合备选词可知，这里指许多有才华的现代作家，talented“有天赋的”，形容词作定语。故填talented。]
5．them [句意：这让今天的观众更清楚。根据“modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays”可知，这里指许多有才华的现代作家用今天人们说话的方式重写了莎士比亚的戏剧，因此是让今天的观众更清楚地了解莎士比亚的戏剧。动词makes后接宾格them指代“莎士比亚的戏剧”。故填them。]
6．pleasure [句意：与此同时，观众仍然会从戏剧中获得同样多的乐趣。根据“from the plays”以及结合备选词可知，这里指获得同样多的乐趣。much修饰不可数名词pleasure“愉快”。故填pleasure。]
7．disagree [句意：一些人不同意。根据“They think Shakespeare's works are beautiful and timeless．The richness of the language and the playful use of words should be celebrated．”可知，这里指一些人不同意。disagree“不同意”，主语是people，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形。故填disagree。]
8．performed [句意：这些戏剧至今仍在上演，这是有充分理由的。根据“why the plays are still being”以及结合备选词可知，这里指这些戏剧至今仍在上演，perform“表演”，结合空前的“being”可知，此处需用被动语态的结构be done，表示戏剧被上演。故填performed。]
9．means [句意：他的作品告诉我们，作为人类意味着什么。根据“what it ________ to be human”以及结合备选词可知，这里指作为人类意味着什么。mean“意味着”，时态为一般现在时，主语是it，动词用三单形式。故填means。]
10．ages [句意：爱情、友善和友谊等话题经久不衰。根据“Topics such as love，kindness and friendship last through the”以及结合备选词可知，这里指话题经久不衰。 through the ages“古往今来”。故填ages。]主题一 基础知识固根基
名词n． 1．(热带)丛林jungle 2．瀑布(常pl．)fall 3．聚光灯；公众注意的中心spotlight 4．首都capital 5．名胜；风景(常pl．)sight 6．总教堂；主教座堂；大教堂cathedral 7．教堂church 8．葡萄酒；酒wine 9．乐趣；欢乐entertainment 10．画廊，美术陈列室，美术馆；(美术馆等展出或收藏的全部)美术品gallery 11．调查；测验survey 12．编程programming 13．爱好运动的人；运动员sportspeople 14．结论conclusion 15．态度attitude 16．教科书；课本textbook 17．句子sentence 18．语法grammar 19．朋友；伙伴pal 20．物理；物理学physics 21．模式；方式pattern 22．速度speed 23．搭档；同伴partner 24．能力；才能ability 25．大脑brain 26．注意；关注attention 27．知识；学问knowledge 形容词adj． 1．迷人的；有极大吸引力的fascinating 2．令人激动的；令人震颤的thrilling 3．游客很多的；游客常去的；适合游览的touristy 4．现实的；实际的realistic 5．乐意的；自愿的；心甘情愿的 willing 6．完美的；理想的；最合适的 ideal 7．天生的born 8．活跃的；积极的active 9．终身的；毕生的lifelong 副词adv． 1．大声地；出声地aloud 2．一夜之间；在夜间overnight 动词v． 1．(缓慢或艰难地)旅行；长途跋涉trek 2．翻译translate 3．推断；料想suppose 4．包装；装箱pack 5．航行；在……上航行sail 6．接受；收到receive 7．重复；重做repeat 8．增加；增长increase 9．(使)连接；与……有联系connect 介词prep． 包含；包括including
1．tire v．(使)感到累，(使)感到疲劳 →tiring adj．引发疲劳的；累人的→tired adj．疲倦的，累的；厌烦的 2．France n．法国 →French adj．法国的；法语的；法国人的n．法国人；法语 3．live v．活；生存 →lively adj．生气勃勃的；(色彩)鲜艳的 4．convenient adj．便利的；方便的 →convenience n．方便；便利→inconvenient adj．不便利的 5．find v．发现；找到 →finding n．发现；发现物；调查(或研究)的结果 6．choose v．选择；挑选 →chose (过去式)→chosen (过去分词)→choice n．选择；挑选 7．pronounce v．发音 →pronunciation n．发音；读音 8．expression n．表情；表示；表达方式 →express v．表示；表达 9．memorize v．记忆；记住 →memory n．记忆；回忆 10．wisely adv．明智地；聪明地 →wise adj．明智的
1．be willing to (do sth．) 乐意(做某事) 2．be born with 天生具有 3．in general 通常；大体上；一般而言 4．as soon as possible 尽快地 5．connect...with 把……和……连接或联系起来 6．take it easy 从容；轻松；不紧张 7．dream of 梦想；幻想；向往 8．hold on to 继续；坚持；保持 9．look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
1．你想到哪里去旅行？ Where would you like to visit 2．我想去令人放松的地方。 I'd like to go somewhere relaxing． 3．你想去旅游吗？ Would you like to travel 4．语言学习的秘诀是什么？ What is the secret to language learning？
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
capital A．n．首都 B．adj．大写的
①(2024·泰安泰山区模拟)Harbin，the capital city of Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province，welcomed millions of tourists during the past winter． ( A )
②The boy typed out the sentence in capital letters． ( B )
主题二 教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 3]
visit forward interested what many comfortable provide winter friendly weather
Meili has a plan for this vacation．When Sam asks her 1．what she would like to do this vacation，she says she wants to go traveling with her parents．Meili expresses her desire to visit Taiwan．Sam is quite 2．interested and wonders why she has chosen Taiwan．Meili replies that she thinks Taiwan is very beautiful and the people there are very 3．friendly．
However，Sam brings up a point．He tells Meili that there are too 4．many tourists in Taiwan during this season．Meili is surprised to hear this．Sam further explains that the 5．weather in Taiwan is too hot at this time of year．He suggests that it would be a better choice to visit Taiwan in 6．winter．Meili listens carefully and realizes that perhaps visiting in winter is a better idea．
After considering Sam's advice，Meili decides to postpone her trip to Taiwan until winter．She looks 7．forward to having a pleasant and 8．comfortable journey then．The idea of 9．visiting the beautiful island in a more favorable climate excites her．And she is grateful to Sam for 10．providing such useful information．
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 4]
allow pick key struggle mean terrible single realize silent deeper
How I Learned to Learn English
In the past year，I had a hard time in my English class．Each class felt like a 1．terrible nightmare．The teacher talked at such a fast pace that I 2．struggled to understand her most of the time．Due to my poor pronunciation，I was too scared to ask any questions．I just hid myself behind my textbook and remained 3．silent all the time．
However，everything changed one day when I watched an English movie named Toy Story．I was immediately attracted by this exciting and amusing film! After that，I started to watch other English movies as well．Although I couldn't understand every 4．single word the characters said，their body language and the expressions on their faces were of great help in 5．allowing me to grasp the meaning．I also discovered that I could figure out the meaning by concentrating on just the key words．Moreover，my pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies．I came to 6．realize that listening to something fascinating is the 7．key to language learning．
I also 8．picked up useful sentences like “It's a piece of cake” or “It serves you right”．At first，I had no idea what these sentences 9．meant．But because I wanted to understand the story，I referred to a dictionary to look them up．Now，I truly enjoy my English class．I want learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a 10．deeper understanding of English movies．I believe that with my continuous efforts，my English will become better and better．
主题三 重点知识明考向
辨析aloud，loud与loudly
aloud 意为“出声地；大声地”，常与read/call等词连用，不用于比较级
loud 意为“高声地；大声地；喧闹地”，指说话声和笑声，常与talk/speak/laugh/sing等词连用，常用于比较级
loudly 意为“高声地；喧闹地”，可以和loud互换，但含有“吵闹”的意思
1．(2023·宜宾中考)蒂娜正在努力养成每天大声读英语的习惯。
Tina is trying to develop the habit of reading English aloud every day．
2．请大声点说，以便我能听清楚。
Please speak louder，so that I can hear you clearly．
3．不要这么大声，婴儿在睡觉。
Don't speak so loudly．The baby is sleeping．
4．(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟改编)We should shout as loudly as we can to get those with good swimming skills to help the person who falls into the water．
辨析voice，noise与sound
voice 多指人说话、唱歌、鸟的叫声
noise 指不悦耳的吵闹声，如嘈杂声、噪音等
sound 作名词时，泛指人听到的任何声音；作系动词时，意为“听起来”
[图解助记]
用voice，noise，sound的适当形式填空
1．(2024·泰安东平模拟改编)I like the sound of the rain on the roof and windows because it makes me feel nice and comfortable inside my house．
2．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)A man's voice came，“You need some help？”
3．—Do you like the song Lonely Warrior？
—Of course．It sounds great．
4．The kids are making too much noise here．I can't do anything．
find的用法
1．Do you find this book interesting (interest)
2．When I got home this afternoon，I found my sister making (make) a card for our mother as the Mother's Day gift．
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)Researchers find it difficult to study (study) terns due to their lonely habitats．
afraid的用法
(1)be afraid of sb．/sth．害怕某人/某事
(2)be afraid of doing sth．表示“担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)”，可用 be afraid that...替换；还可以表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)”
(3)be afraid to do sth．害怕做某事或不敢做某事
【注意】 表示“担心会发生某事或某情况”，只能用 be afraid of doing sth．；表示“害怕做某事或不敢做某事”等，既可以用be afraid of doing sth．，也可以用be afraid to do sth．。
1．He is afraid to go out in the night．(同义句转换)
＝He is afraid of going out in the night．
2．大多数动物害怕火。(翻译句子)
Most animals are afraid of fire．
3．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟改编)We should not be afraid of trying (try) our best to solve the problems in our study and life．
by的用法
用法 意义
by＋动词-ing形式 通过……手段；以……方式
by＋交通工具 乘坐；用
by＋抽象名词 由于(表示原因)
by＋地点名词 在……旁边，靠近
by＋人 表示由某人发出的动作，通常用于被动语态
by＋物 表示抓到或触及的部分
[拓展延伸]
in表示“用……方式，用……语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等”；with表示“用……有形工具、材料、内容等”。
用with，by，in填空
1．(2024·泰安东平模拟改编)With the help of special tools，the students hoped to keep most eggs unbroken．
2．Can you introduce yourself in English
3．It takes him 15 minutes to get to school by bike．
4．(2024·泰安东平模拟改编)The government is helping them by providing (provide) low-interest loans (低息贷款)．
One day，I was walking home alone．Suddenly，I heard a loud noise．I was afraid and stopped．Then I heard a voice calling aloud for help．I followed the sound and found a little girl crying by the road．
课时规范训练(十八)
考查范围：八年级下册 Units 3～4
(建议用时 30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．I found it hard for me to improve spoken English．
2．—I am afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation (发音)．
—You'd better practice speaking more．
3．We should keep our voice down in public places．
4．Beijing is the capital (首都) of China．
5．I'll call back at a more convenient (方便的) time．
6．We need to read books to get more knowledge of the history of the Communist Party of China．
7．Being overweight increases the risk of having a heart problem．You'd better exercise more．
8．This is one of the biggest companies (公司) in our city．
9．I'm looking forward to going to France (法国) for a trip．
10．Jumping rope is a kind of full-body exercise and it is great for the brain (大脑)．
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·菏泽中考)Years ago，my father and I were on a summer road trip from Dallas to Austin．On our way back，the battery meter (电池电量计) seemed to act funny，jumping up then dropping down．
We stopped to buy a new battery and replaced (替换) the 1 one in the parking lot．And we went on our trip．We got about 20 miles outside the city when our car died．Then we 2 it was not the problem of the battery．We had to 3 on the side of the road．My father 4 the car and repaired it on his own，but it still didn't work．
We were about to call for help when a 5 stopped in front of our car．A man got out and started walking towards us．He asked us what the problem was．My father 6 that our car was dead．The man said he had a tow chain (拖链) and would be able to tow us to Dallas，which was about 200 miles away．We agreed and thanked him．
Then my father stayed in our car，and I got on the truck．Later I learned the 7 of the truck driver．About a year ago，he was told by the doctor that he had lung cancer (肺癌)，and his days were 8 ．Instead of doing treatment (治疗)，he decided to accept the fact and spend the rest of his life driving all over Texas，and 9 people who were in need．
I can't remember his name anymore，but I'll never 10 him helping us that night．
【文章大意】 本文作者介绍了一位身患癌症的人帮助自己和爸爸的经历。
1．A．big B．old C．dirty
B [句意：我们停下来买了一块新电池，并在停车场更换了旧电池。big大的；old旧的；dirty脏的。根据“We stopped to buy a new battery and replaced (替换) the one in the parking lot．”可知，用新电池更换了旧电池。故选B。]
2．A．realized B．regretted C．expected
A [句意：然后我们意识到这不是电池的问题。realized意识到；regretted后悔；expected期待。根据“Then we it was not the problem of the battery．”可知，我们意识到这不是电池的问题。故选A。]
3．A．mark B．lock C．stop
C [句意：我们不得不停在路边。mark做记号；lock锁；stop停止。根据“We had to on the side of the road．”可知，车还是不行，所以不得不停在路边。故选C。]
4．A．got off B．turned on C．slowed down
A [句意：我父亲下了车，自己修，但它还是不好使。get off下车；turn on打开；slow down减慢。根据“My father the car and repaired it on his own”可知，父亲下车修车。故选A。]
5．A．bike B．truck C．bus
B [句意：我们正要呼救，这时一辆卡车停在了我们的车前。bike自行车；truck卡车；bus公交车。根据后文“ of the truck driver”可知，是一辆卡车。故选B。]
6．A．noticed B．learned C．replied
C [句意：父亲回答说我们的车坏了。notice注意到；learn学习；reply回复。根据“He asked us what the problem was．My father that our car was dead．”可知，卡车司机问，父亲回答。故选C。]
7．A．work B．story C．address
B [句意：后来我知道了卡车司机的故事。work工作；story故事；address地址。根据“Later I learned the of the truck driver．”可知，“我”知道了卡车司机的故事。故选B。]
8．A．caught B．wasted C．numbered
C [句意：大约一年前，医生告知他得了肺癌，他的日子屈指可数了。catch抓住；wast浪费；number总计。根据“About a year ago，he was told by the doctor that he had lung cancer (肺癌)，and his days were ．”可知，他得了肺癌，他的日子屈指可数了。故选C。]
9．A．helping B．choosing C．greeting
A [句意：他没有接受治疗，而是决定接受这个事实，用他的余生开车走遍得克萨斯州，帮助那些需要帮助的人。help帮助；choose选择；greet问候。根据“he decided to accept the fact and spend the rest of his life driving all over Texas，and
people who were in need”可知，他帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选A。]
10．A．forgive B．forget C．invite
B [句意：我不记得他的名字了，但我永远不会忘记他那天晚上帮助我们。forgive原谅；forget忘记；invite邀请。根据“I can't remember his name anymore，but I'll never him helping us that night．”可知，永远不会忘记他帮助我们。故选B。]
三、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·济南长清模拟)Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his “green” project．This public-spirited young person was now a university student．His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future．
Bert found his love early in life．When he was around 4 or 5，he always loved to watch different insects，especially beautiful swallowtails (凤蝶)．One interesting fact he learned about swallowtails was that their bright colors warned hungry animals that they tasted bad．And it was also fun to watch how they came into being．But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible．For example，if you wanted to attract (吸引) swallowtails，you planted some zinnias，a kind of bright flowers．
Bert started a zinnia garden at his house，where he raised a large number of swallowtails over the years．With the world's swallowtail population falling，Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared，so would all the others above them on the food chain．To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students，he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school．
Part of the joy for Bert was watching the younger students get excited when running after swallowtails．“Whenever a swallowtail lands on them，the young students will soon fall in love with these cute insects．They develop a new appreciation for them，” he said．
Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it more popular．
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因为 “绿色” 项目而获得 “青年英雄” 奖项的男孩Bert热爱昆虫并保护它们的故事。
After Bert was honored with Young Heroes， ．
A．he often gave speeches in public
B．he set up his “green” project
C．he became interested in swallowtails
D．he went on protecting insects
D [推理判断题。根据“Bert won a national prize called Young Heroes for his ‘green’ project．This public-spirited young person was now a university student．His love for insects grew deeper and he was protecting them for the future．”可知，他会继续保护昆虫。故选D。]
2．The underlined word “accessible” in Paragraph 2 means ．
A．dangerous to feed B．easy to get close to
C．hard to raise D．safe to reach
B [词义猜测题。根据“But the reason he really fell in love with them was that they were very accessible．For example，if you wanted to attract(吸引) swallowtails，you planted some zinnias，a kind of bright flowers．”可知，他真正爱上它们的原因是它们很容易接近。例如，如果你想吸引凤蝶，你就种植一些百日菊，一种鲜艳的花。因此accessible的意思是“易接近的”。故选B。]
3．The main reason for Bert to create a zinnia garden at school was ．
A．to watch students have fun
B．to make his school more beautiful
C．to stop swallowtails from disappearing
D．to help kids learn about swallowtails
D [细节理解题。根据“...Bert wanted people to realize that if insects like swallowtails disappeared，so would all the others above them on the food chain．To make the fact clear and easy to understand for other students，he also created a zinnia garden at his junior high school．”可知，Bert是为了帮助孩子们了解凤蝶，所以才建立了花园。故选D。]
4．What does the writer think of Bert's project
A．Meaningful． B．Useless．
C．Funny． D．．Common．
A [推理判断题。根据“Bert put his efforts into the environmental educational project and made it more popular．”可知，作者认为Bert的“绿色”项目是有意义的。故选A。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·成都中考)
age agree follow lead mean perform please talent they wide
William Shakespeare was born more than 450 years ago．He is 1． regarded as one of the greatest writers in history and is still influencing artists today．However，his language is too old-fashioned and difficult to 2． because his time was quite different from today．This has 3． to a discussion：To update (更新) or not to update Shakespeare
Some people think updating Shakespeare is necessary．They say Shakespeare's plays are great，but what is the point if they cannot be understood？So many 4． modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays in the way people speak today．This makes 5． clearer for today's audiences (读者)．At the same time，audiences would still get as much 6． from the plays．
Some people 7． ．They think Shakespeare's works are beautiful and timeless．The richness of the language and the playful use of words should be celebrated．There are good reasons why the plays are still being 8． today．Many of Shakespeare's expressions are still used，for example，“All that glitters (发光) isn't gold．” His works tell us what it 9． to be human．Topics such as love，kindness and friendship last through the 10． ．
What do you think？Should Shakespeare be updated
【文章大意】 本文讲述了莎士比亚的作品语言太过时了，很难理解，因为他的时代与今天有很大的不同，因此讨论了是否需要更新。
1．widely [句意：他被广泛认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一，至今仍在影响着艺术家们。根据“regarded as one of the greatest writers in history”以及结合备选词可知，莎士比亚是指被广泛认为是历史上最伟大的作家之一，副词widely“广泛地”作状语。故填widely。]
2．follow [句意：然而，他的语言太过时了，很难理解，因为他的时代与今天有很大的不同。根据“his language is too old-fashioned and difficult”可知，他使用的语言很难理解，be difficult to do sth．“做某事是困难的”，follow“理解”。故填follow。]
3．led [句意：这引发了一场讨论：更新还是不更新莎士比亚？根据“to a discussion”可知，对于更新与否引发了一场讨论，lead“导致”，结合空前助动词has，此处需用动词的过去分词，构成现在完成时态。故填led。]
4．talented [句意：许多有才华的现代作家用今天人们说话的方式重写了莎士比亚的戏剧。根据“modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays”以及结合备选词可知，这里指许多有才华的现代作家，talented“有天赋的”，形容词作定语。故填talented。]
5．them [句意：这让今天的观众更清楚。根据“modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays”可知，这里指许多有才华的现代作家用今天人们说话的方式重写了莎士比亚的戏剧，因此是让今天的观众更清楚地了解莎士比亚的戏剧。动词makes后接宾格them指代“莎士比亚的戏剧”。故填them。]
6．pleasure [句意：与此同时，观众仍然会从戏剧中获得同样多的乐趣。根据“from the plays”以及结合备选词可知，这里指获得同样多的乐趣。much修饰不可数名词pleasure“愉快”。故填pleasure。]
7．disagree [句意：一些人不同意。根据“They think Shakespeare's works are beautiful and timeless．The richness of the language and the playful use of words should be celebrated．”可知，这里指一些人不同意。disagree“不同意”，主语是people，时态为一般现在时，动词用原形。故填disagree。]
8．performed [句意：这些戏剧至今仍在上演，这是有充分理由的。根据“why the plays are still being”以及结合备选词可知，这里指这些戏剧至今仍在上演，perform“表演”，结合空前的“being”可知，此处需用被动语态的结构be done，表示戏剧被上演。故填performed。]
9．means [句意：他的作品告诉我们，作为人类意味着什么。根据“what it
to be human”以及结合备选词可知，这里指作为人类意味着什么。mean“意味着”，时态为一般现在时，主语是it，动词用三单形式。故填means。]
10．ages [句意：爱情、友善和友谊等话题经久不衰。根据“Topics such as love，kindness and friendship last through the”以及结合备选词可知，这里指话题经久不衰。 through the ages“古往今来”。故填ages。]
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