专题12 主谓语一致
2022版英语课标知识要求：
要求学生理解主谓一致的概念，掌握在不同语法结构中谓语动词与主语保持一致的规则，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则等。
能正确运用主谓一致规则进行书面和口头表达，使句子结构完整、语法正确，在各种语境中准确传达信息。
中考考点
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近一致原则
考向
在语境中考查：通过设置具体的语境，考查学生对主谓一致规则的灵活运用能力，要求学生根据上下文准确判断主语的单复数以及谓语动词的正确形式。
与其他语法知识综合考查：将主谓一致与时态、语态、从句等语法知识结合起来，增加试题的综合性和难度，考查学生的语法综合运用能力。
注重易错点考查：对容易混淆的主谓一致情况进行重点考查，如主语后接 with、as well as 等短语时谓语动词的单复数形式，以及一些特殊名词作主语时谓语动词的用法等.
三年中考主谓语一致考点考频
语法类别 考点 全国考频 江苏考频 考频星级
主谓一致 就近原则 53 8 ★★★★★
意义一致 1 0 ★
语法一致 28 1 ★★★
考向1：就近原则
解题点睛：由 or、nor、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Marilyn or you are to blame for the fault.
真题再现
1．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】B
【知识点】表示现在发生的具体动作/状态、There be
【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。
考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Don’t lose heart, son. There (be) always a way out.
【答案】is
【知识点】is、There be
【详解】句意：别灰心，孩子。总会有出路的。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a way”，故填is。
3．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）吉姆和他的双胞胎兄弟的方向感都不好。
Neither Jim .
【答案】nor his twin brother has a good sense of direction
【知识点】neither...nor、“三单"形式的变化规则、名词作主宾表补定
【详解】两人都不：neither...nor，遵循就近原则；他的双胞胎兄弟：his twin brother；句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用单三has“有”；宾语是a good sense of direction“方向感好”。故填nor his twin brother has a good sense of direction。
考向2：意义一致
解题点睛：当主语形式上是复数，但表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；主语形式上是单数，但表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。如：Five years is a long time. / The police are helping .
真题再现
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
【答案】B
【知识点】动名词/不定代词作主语
【详解】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。
考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。
2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.
A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is
【答案】C
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语
【详解】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。
考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths
【答案】B
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、分数表达
【详解】句意：这所学校有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。
考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。
4．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
【答案】is
【知识点】客观真理仍用现、第三人称单数作主语、be动词、is
【详解】句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句，从句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
考向3：语法一致
解题点睛：主语为单数可数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：To see is to believe. / The twins are fond of the new idea.
真题再现
1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
【答案】does
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、“三单"形式的变化规则、do
【详解】句意：我没有排球，但我弟弟吉姆有。此处用do代替实义动词have。结合“don’t”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语my brother是第三人称单数，故用does。故填does。
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）你要么冒险继续等待，要么现在就放弃。
You can now.
【答案】either take risks to keep on waiting or give up/either take risks to keep waiting or give up/either take risks to continue waiting or give up
【知识点】wait、continue doing sth.、give up、take risks、动词短语、情态动词后加动词原形、either or
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，either…or…“要么……要么……”。take risks to do sth“冒险做某事”；keep (on) doing sth/continue sth.“继续做某事”，wait“等待”；give up“放弃”。情态动词can后动词应用原形。故填either take risks to keep (on)/continue waiting or give up。
新考题、新话题、新热点
一、单项选择
1．I think computers are fantastic. There ________ lots of useful ________ on the Internet.
A．is, informations B．is, information C．are, information D．are, informations
【答案】B
【知识点】There be、不可数名词及其数的表达
【详解】句意：我认为电脑太棒了。互联网上有很多有用的信息。
考查there be句型和名词的数。information“信息”是不可数名词，无复数形式，there be句型中不可数名词作主语，be动词用单数is。故选B。
2．The province is the largest pepper (辣椒) producing area in China. Most of China’s pepper __________ there.
A．grows B．is grown C．are grown
【答案】B
【知识点】一般现在时的被动语态、第三人称单数作主语
【详解】句意：这个省是中国最大的辣椒产区。中国大部分的辣椒都在那里种植。
考查被动语态及主谓一致。句子主语“Most of China’s pepper”与谓语动词“grow”之间是被动关系，即辣椒是被种植的，所以要用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”。pepper是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以be动词用“is”，grow的过去分词是grown。故选B。
3．—The number of tourists ______ over 23 million this year in Ha’er Bin.
—Yes. A large number of tourists ______ so far because of the new look of our city.
A．is, have come B．is, has come C．are, has come D．are, have come
【答案】A
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语
【详解】句意：——今年哈尔滨的游客人数超过2300万。——是的。由于我们城市的新面貌，到目前为止已经有很多游客来了。
考查主谓一致。第一个句子的主语是The number of tourists，谓语动词用单三，排除CD；第二个句子的主语是A large number of tourists，谓语动词用复数，排除B。故选A。
4．—It’s reported that Japan put lots of nuclear (核) waste water into the Pacific Ocean.
—Because of the pollution, now there a number of endangered sea animals.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】B
【知识点】表示现在的能力/特征/性格、a number of/the number of作主语、There be、were、was、is、are
【详解】句意：——据报道，日本向太平洋排放了大量的核废水。——由于污染，现在有许多海洋动物处于危险之中。
考查there be句型。根据“a number of sea animals”可知，主语是复数，排除选项A和C；根据“now”可知，句子是一般现在时态，故选B。
5．“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping.
A．are B．is C．were
【答案】A
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、be动词
【详解】句意：习主席说：“一个国家只有在人民繁荣的时候才是真正的繁荣”。
考查主谓一致。根据“A country is truly prosperous”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语“its people”表示复数，be动词应用are。故选A。
6．—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
【答案】D
【知识点】will/shall do结构、There be
【详解】句意：——你认为几年后污染会更严重吗？——是的！所以我们必须做些什么来拯救地球。
考查there be句型的一般将来时。there be“有”，不与have连用，排除B选项；根据“in a few years”可知，时态为一般将来时，there be与一般将来时连用，结构为there will be。故选D。
7．—Which film do you like better, Article 20 or Boonie Bears
—Boonie Bears, of course. It’s rather interesting. _______ I ________ my brother likes it.
A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Either; or
【答案】A
【知识点】并列连词辨析、not only...but also
【详解】句意：——你更喜欢哪一部电影，《第二十条》还是《》？——当然是《》。它相当有趣。我和我弟弟都喜欢。
考查连词辨析。Not only…but also…不仅……而且……，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致；Neither…nor…既不……也不……；Both…and…既……又……，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数；Either…or…要么……要么……。根据“It’s rather interesting.”可知此处表示两个人都喜欢，排除选项B和D；根据谓语动词“likes”可知谓语动词与“my brother”保持一致，因此应用“Not only…but also…”。故选A。
8．Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults.
A．the number of; four fifths B．a number of; four fifth C．a number of; four fifths
【答案】C
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、分数表达、the number of、a number of
【详解】句意：如今，很多人更喜欢华为手机，其中约五分之四是成年人。
考查形容词短语及分数的表达。the number of……的数量，作主语时，谓语用单数；a number of很多，大量，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。根据谓语“like”可知，空一处指很多的人，用a number of；空二处表示是分数，分母用序数词，分子用基数词，当分子大于1时，分母需用复数，因此五分之四表示four fifths。故选C。
9．There _________ a robot dog in the airport to help with the work now.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】A
【知识点】表示现在发生的具体动作/状态、There be
【详解】句意：现在机场有一只机器狗来帮助工作。
考查动词时态以及there be句型。根据“now” 可知，此句是一般现在时，a robot dog是单数，所以be动词用is，故选A。
10．There __________ great changes in my hometown in the last few years.
A．has had B．have been C．has been
【答案】B
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、There be
【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
考查时态。根据时间状语“in the last few years”可知，本句使用there be句型的现在完成时，主语“great changes”是复数形式，所以使用there have been，故选B。
11．The writer and speaker ________ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given
【答案】B
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、表示正在进行的动作
【详解】句意：这位作家兼演说家正在大厅里做关于中国文化的演讲。
考查现在进行时和主谓一致。根据“now”可知，此处应用现在进行时，构成为am/is/are doing；根据“The writer and speaker”可知主语为the+名词，表示一个人，be动词用is。故选B。
12．________ wealth ________ power is what he needs. He only wants health and happiness.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor
C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
【答案】B
【知识点】并列连词辨析、neither...nor、not only…but (also)…、both...and…
【详解】句意：财富和权利都不是他需要的。他只想要健康和快乐。
考查连词短语辨析。Either...or...要么……要么……；Neither...nor...既不……也不……；Not only...but also...不仅……而且……；Both...and...两者都。根据“He only wants health and happiness.”可知，财富和权利都不是他需要的，表示“两者都不”用Neither...nor...。故选B。
13．Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot is so delicious that ________ my parents ________ I am crazy about it.
A．both…and B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．either…or
【答案】B
【知识点】并列连词辨析、not only...but also、both
【详解】句意：天水麻辣烫太好吃了，不仅我的父母，而且我都热衷于它。
考查并列连词辨析。both…and...……和……两者都，连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；not only…but also...不但……而且……，连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，遵循“就近原则”；neither…nor...既不……也不……；either…or...或者……或者……。根据“Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot is so delicious”可知，父母和“我”都热衷于天水麻辣烫，由am可知，此处为“就近原则”。故选B。
14．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my hometown ________ used to going for a walk after supper.
A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are
【答案】D
【知识点】分数或百分数+of+名词作主语、分数表达
【详解】句意：如今，我家乡三分之二的老人习惯于晚饭后去散步。
考查分数表达和主谓一致。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示，基数词作分子，序数词作分母，如果分子大于一，序数词用复数形式，two thirds三分之二，所以排除B和C；当句子主语是分数或百分数时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定，空格后“the old people”为复数概念，故be动词应用are。故选D。
15．— What ________ the population of China
— About 1,400,000,000.
A．are B．is C．be
【答案】B
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、be动词
【详解】句意：——中国的人口是多少？ ——大约14亿。
考查谓语动词。population人口，作主语时看作单数，而该句为一般现在时，故选B。
16．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way.
A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but
【答案】C
【知识点】either or
【详解】句意：你可以旅行或阅读，以确保你的身体或灵魂在路上。
考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不……；both...and……和……（两者）都；either... or要么……要么……；not…but…不是……而是……。根据句意可知，旅行可以让身体在路上，阅读可以让灵魂在路上，要让身体还是灵魂在路上，那就是两者择一的问题，此处应用either...or...。故选C。
17．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023.
A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited
【答案】A
【知识点】as well as/such as、一般过去时的被动语态、invite
【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手被邀请在2023年的春节联欢晚会上表演。
考查动词时态辨析和主谓一致。根据“at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023”可知，时态应为过去时，且主语为“The famous magician”第三人称单数，此处遵循“就远原则”，且为被邀请，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was invented。故选A。
18． I am a fan of Liu Qian. _____ his magic ________ his humor attracts me.
A．Both… and B．Either…or C．Neither…nor D．Not only… but also
【答案】D
【知识点】not only...but also、not only…but (also)…、neither…nor…、either…or…、both...and…
【详解】句意：我是刘谦的粉丝。不仅是他的魔术，而且他的幽默也吸引了我。
考查主谓一致的用法。A两者都；B两者之一；C两者都不；D两者都。Both… and连接主语时，谓语用复数，而句子中用的是单数attracts；Not only… but also连接主语时，谓语遵循“就近原则”。故选D。
19．—More and more high-technology products ________ in China.
—Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．are made B．are making C．is made
【答案】A
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、一般现在时的被动语态
【详解】句意：——越来越多的高科技产品在中国制造。——是的。我们的国家正在变得越来越强大。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子主语为products，与动词make存在逻辑上的被动关系，结合语境，句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+过去分词。主语products是复数名词，be动词应用are，动词make的过去分词为made。故选A。
20．________ Gina ________ Tara is studying Chinese history and culture now. They find them rich and amazing.
A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Either; or D．Neither; nor
【答案】B
【知识点】并列连词辨析、not only...but also
【详解】句意：现在Gina和Tara她们两个都在学习中国历史和文化。她们发现它们丰富而神奇。
考查连词。both...and...两者都；not only...but also...不但……而且……；either...or...或者……或者……；neither...nor...既不……也不……。根据“They find them rich and amazing.”可知，此处指两个人都在学习历史和文化，排除C和D选项。选用both…and时，be动词用are，选用not only…but also时，遵循就近原则，be动词用is，故选B。
21．—Traffic in Changsha is not so crowded as it used to be when I came here five years ago.
—Yes. There ________ three subway lines in use so far.
A．is B．have been C．has been D．will be
【答案】B
【知识点】表示影响（动作已完成）、There be
【详解】句意：——长沙的交通不像五年前我来的时候那么拥挤了。——是的。到目前为止，已有三条地铁线路投入使用。
考查there be句型的现在完成时。由“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A和D，three subway lines作主语，助动词用have。故选B。
22．—It is said that ________ people who the car accidents have killed ________ more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months.
—So everyone should know more about the traffic rules.
A．a number of; is B．the numbers of; are C．numbers of; are D．the number of; is
【答案】D
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、the number of、numbers of、a number of
【详解】句意：——据说在过去的3个月里，全中国死于车祸的人数超过了300人。——所以每个人都应该更多地了解交通规则。
考查主谓一致。a number of许多，大量；the numbers of……的总数；numbers of许多；the number of……的数量。根据“more than three hundred”可知，第一空处指的是数量，用the number of。此处是一般现在时，the number of…作主语，be动词用is。故选D。
23．Jim ________ a lot about Chinese eating habits since he came here.
A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned
【答案】D
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、含since/for的现在完成时、learned、have(举办)
【详解】句意：自从吉姆到这里以来，他学到了很多关于中国饮食习惯的知识。
考查动词时态。learns学习，动词单三；learned动词过去式；will learn一般将来时态；has learned现在完成时态。根据“...since he came here.”可知，此句应用现在完成时态have/has done，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选D。
24．The number of cars _______ fast in our city in the past ten years.
A．increased B．have increased C．has increased
【答案】C
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，我们城市的汽车数量增长得很快。
考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知，本句是现在完成时，排除A；The number of作主语，谓语动词用单数，此处应用has。故选C。
25．China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama, _________ in the western media.
A．use widely B．is widely used
C．are widely used D．uses widely
【答案】C
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、一般现在时的被动语态
【详解】句意：中国的热词，如土豪、大妈，在西方媒体上被广泛使用。
考查被动语态和主谓一致。主语China’s hot words和谓语use之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选C。
新考题、新话题、新热点
一、单项选择
1．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend.
A．is B．will have C．will be
【答案】C
【知识点】will/shall do结构、There be
【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。
考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。
2．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】B
【知识点】There be、表示现在发生的具体动作/状态
【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。
考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。
3．—Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi.
—OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us.
A．is B．are C．am D．will be
【答案】A
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、if/only if引导条件状语从句、条件状语从句的主将从现
【详解】句意：——露西，端午节快到了。我想学习如何包粽子。——好的。如果我奶奶明天有空，她会教我们的。
考查主谓一致及动词时态。此处是含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，应用be动词is。故选A。
4．Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A．is B．are C．was
【答案】A
【知识点】There be
【详解】句意：看！在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。
考查be动词。此句是There be句型，主语是information，不可数名词，be动词用单数，描述事实，用一般现在时。故选A。
5．Thousands of tourists to Changchum Zoological and Botanical Park (长春动植物公园) so far because they want to see the performance of “Xuebinghou”.
A．came B．has come C．comes D．have come
【答案】D
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、表示影响（动作已完成）
【详解】句意：到目前为止，已经有成千上万的游客来到长春动植物公园，因为他们想看“雪崩猴”的表演。
考查主谓一致和时态。根据“so far可知，句子时态是现在完成时；结合主语“Thousands of tourists”，主语是复数，助动词用have，故选D。
6．—There ________ a new film this weekend.
—Why not ________ your friends to see it
A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite
C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite
【答案】A
【知识点】be going to结构、特殊疑问句、There be
【详解】句意：——这个周末将有一部新电影。——为什么不邀请你的朋友去看呢？
考查there be句型的一般将来时和特殊疑问句。根据“There...a new film this weekend.”可知，句子为there be句型，时态为一般将来时，用“There is/are going to be”或“There will be”，且there be与have不连用，排除B和D，又因“Why not... ”，此处为特殊疑问句Why not do sth 表示“为什么不……呢？”，not后需填动词原形，invite“邀请”，动词。故选A。
7．________ my father ________ my mother can play Taiji, so they will learn it this summer.
A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Either; or D．Not only; but also
【答案】A
【知识点】neither...nor
【详解】句意：我爸爸和我妈妈都不会打太极。所以他们将在今年夏天学习。
考查连词辨析。neither...nor既不……也不；both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者；not only...but also不但……而且。根据“so they will learn it this summer.”可知，他们今年要学，所以现在他们两个都不会，用neither...nor连接。故选A。
8．The boy with two cats ________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．is playing B．are playing C．was playing D．were playing
【答案】C
【知识点】with/along with/together with、过去进行时含when、while
【详解】句意：当地震袭击这座城市时，那个带着两只猫的男孩正在院子里玩耍。
考查过去进行时和主谓一致。根据“when the earthquake hit the city”可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时，结构是：was/were+动词现在分词；主语“The boy with two cats”可知with连接的并列主语，遵循“就远原则”，所以be动词用was。故选C。
9．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
【答案】B
【知识点】动名词/不定代词作主语
【详解】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。
考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。
10．One of the most famous ________ in China ________ Beijing.
A．place; is B．places; are C．place; are D．places; is
【答案】D
【知识点】其他语法一致形式、one of the+最高级+名词复数
【详解】句意：北京是中国最著名的地方之一。
考查名词复数以及主谓一致。one of后加名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单三。故选D。
二、完成句子
11．半决赛后，不仅全红婵还有陈芋汐 (Chen Yuxi) 都成功处于领先地位。
Not only Quan Hongchan after the semi-final.
【答案】but (also) Chen Yuxi succeeded in taking the lead/but (also) Chen Yuxi took the lead successfully
【知识点】successfully、not only…but (also)…、动词短语、过去式变化规则、过去发生的动作/状态、not only...but also、副词修饰动词
【详解】“not only...but (also)...”意为“不仅……而且……”；“处于领先地位”take the lead。“成功处于领先地位”可用句型succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”来表达，时态为一般过去时，动词succeed用过去式succeeded；也可用副词修饰动词来表达，“成功地”successfully，修饰动词短语take the lead，同样，动词take用过去式took。故填but (also) Chen Yuxi succeeded in taking the lead/but (also) Chen Yuxi took the lead successfully。
12．今年，淄博因烧烤而闻名全国，大量游客慕名前往。
Zibo BBQ all over the country this year. A lot of visitors are attracted there.
【答案】is famous for
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、形容词短语、be famous for
【详解】be famous for“因为……而出名”，主语Zibo是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is famous for。
13．少开车不仅可以缓解交通，还可以帮助减缓全球变暖。（完成译句）
Driving less can not only cut down the traffic, help slow down global warming.
【答案】but also
【知识点】not only...but also
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“还”，分析句子可知，此处是not only...but also…“不但……而且……”的结构。故填but also。
14．巴黎奥运会不仅是史上最环保的体育赛事，而且致力于推进性别平等。
The Paris Olympics are the “greenest” sports event in history, aim to promote fairness between genders.
【答案】 not only but also
【知识点】not only...but also、not only…but (also)…
【详解】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“不仅……而且……”的翻译，not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”，故填not；only；but；also。
15．系统有两个闸门。当舱室I中的水上升到和舱室I的同一高度时，闸门将打开，船驶过海峡。
two chambers in the system. The gate will open and the ship will sail across the channel when the water in Chamber I goes up high that in Chamber II.
【答案】 There are as as
【知识点】as+副词原级+as、There be
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一句是There be句型，句子是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are；最后两空是结构as...as...“和……一样……”。故填There；are；as；as。
16．一位著名的宇航员不但将讲述太空知识，而且将分享宇航员的训练。
A famous astronaut will talk about the knowledge of space, share the training of astronauts.
【答案】 not only but also
【知识点】not only...but also
【详解】不但……而且：not only...but also，连接并列成分。故填not；only；but；also。
17．熊猫饲养员不仅照顾它的健康，而且还关注它的感受。
The panda keepers looked after it well, cared about its feeling.
【答案】 not only but also
【知识点】not only...but also
【详解】不但……而且：not only...but also，连接两个谓语动词。故填not；only；but；also。
18．贵州拥有很多自然景观，以“多彩贵州”而闻名。
lots of natural sights in Guizhou and it’s known as “Colorful Guizhou”.
【答案】 There are
【知识点】表示事实或客观真理、其他语法一致形式、存现句/There be 句型
【详解】根据汉语释义可知，句子时态为一般现在时，此处表示“有”，应使用there be 句型，主语“sights”为复数，be动词应使用are。故填There；are。
19．有许多像大数据一样无形的“桥”连接着贵州与世界。
many invisible bridges like Big Data connecting Guizhou and the world.
【答案】There are
【知识点】There be
【详解】there be“有”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填There are。
20．相声中有说学逗唱四种主要艺术手段。
four key skills of xiangsheng—shuo, xue, dou and chang.
【答案】 There are
【知识点】There be
【详解】there be“有”，时态是一般现在时，主语“four key skills of xiangsheng”是复数，所以be动词用are。故填There；are。
21．——那些女士都来自美国吗？
——不，不是每一个都是美国人。
— the women from the USA
—No, not American.
【答案】 Do all of come everyone is an
【知识点】动名词/不定代词作主语、a/an的区别、everyone/everybody、both/all/none、助动词do、一般疑问句、动词短语、come from、is、everyone、an、all(全部的 adj.)
【详解】all of the women“那些女士”；come from“来自”；第一句为一般疑问句，主语是复数，助动词用do；not everyone“不是每个人”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数is；American是以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填Do；all；of；come；everyone；is；an。
22．她每周使用两次互联网是为了功课而不是为了娱乐。
She twice a week for homework and not for fun.
【答案】uses the Internet
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、表示经常性动作/状态、动词短语、use
【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“使用互联网”；use the Internet“使用互联网”，固定词组，根据空后的“twice a week”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为“She”，所以用三单形式。故填uses the Internet。
23．人生就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。
Life is like a horse, and you ride it it rides you.
【答案】 either or
【知识点】either or
【详解】此处缺少“要么……要么……”的翻译，either...or...“要么……要么……”，故填either；or。
24．身体健康和心理健康都很重要。
mind health body health are very important.
【答案】 Both and
【知识点】and/both...and...
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处为both...and“两者都”，首句首字母需要大写。故填Both；and。
25．如今，有很多学生在为实现中国梦努力着。
Nowadays, many students working hard to realize the “China Dream”.
【答案】 there are
【知识点】There be
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处是there be句型。根据“Nowadays”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填there；are。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题12 主谓语一致
2022版英语课标知识要求：
要求学生理解主谓一致的概念，掌握在不同语法结构中谓语动词与主语保持一致的规则，包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则等。
能正确运用主谓一致规则进行书面和口头表达，使句子结构完整、语法正确，在各种语境中准确传达信息。
中考考点
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
就近一致原则
考向
在语境中考查：通过设置具体的语境，考查学生对主谓一致规则的灵活运用能力，要求学生根据上下文准确判断主语的单复数以及谓语动词的正确形式。
与其他语法知识综合考查：将主谓一致与时态、语态、从句等语法知识结合起来，增加试题的综合性和难度，考查学生的语法综合运用能力。
注重易错点考查：对容易混淆的主谓一致情况进行重点考查，如主语后接 with、as well as 等短语时谓语动词的单复数形式，以及一些特殊名词作主语时谓语动词的用法等.
三年中考主谓语一致考点考频
语法类别 考点 全国考频 江苏考频 考频星级
主谓一致 就近原则 53 8 ★★★★★
意义一致 1 0 ★
语法一致 28 1 ★★★
考向1：就近原则
解题点睛：由 or、nor、either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Marilyn or you are to blame for the fault.
真题再现
1．（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
【答案】B
【知识点】表示现在发生的具体动作/状态、There be
【详解】句意：江苏有许多现代化的高速铁路，它们帮助人们方便地出行。
考查there be。句子主语railways是复数，be动词用复数形式，排除AC。根据后句可知，句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故选B。
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Don’t lose heart, son. There (be) always a way out.
【答案】is
【知识点】is、There be
【详解】句意：别灰心，孩子。总会有出路的。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“a way”，故填is。
3．（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）吉姆和他的双胞胎兄弟的方向感都不好。
Neither Jim .
【答案】nor his twin brother has a good sense of direction
【知识点】neither...nor、“三单"形式的变化规则、名词作主宾表补定
【详解】两人都不：neither...nor，遵循就近原则；他的双胞胎兄弟：his twin brother；句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用单三has“有”；宾语是a good sense of direction“方向感好”。故填nor his twin brother has a good sense of direction。
考向2：意义一致
解题点睛：当主语形式上是复数，但表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；主语形式上是单数，但表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。如：Five years is a long time. / The police are helping .
真题再现
1．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
【答案】B
【知识点】动名词/不定代词作主语
【详解】句意：当你到国外旅游时，有礼貌是必要的。
考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词短语，be动词用is。故选B。
2．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.
A．has; is B．eats; are C．eat; is
【答案】C
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语
【详解】句意：在中国，许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。
考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词也用复数，素以第一空用eat；The number of +名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空用is。故选C。
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework.
A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths
【答案】B
【知识点】a number of/the number of作主语、分数表达
【详解】句意：这所学校有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。
考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。
4．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars (be) only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
【答案】is
【知识点】客观真理仍用现、第三人称单数作主语、be动词、is
【详解】句意：老师告诉我们，火星上的重力只有地球上重力的八分之三。句子含宾语从句，从句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the gravity”是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。
考向3：语法一致
解题点睛：主语为单数可数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数可数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：To see is to believe. / The twins are fond of the new idea.
真题再现
1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
【答案】does
【知识点】第三人称单数作主语、“三单"形式的变化规则、do
【详解】句意：我没有排球，但我弟弟吉姆有。此处用do代替实义动词have。结合“don’t”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语my brother是第三人称单数，故用does。故填does。
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）你要么冒险继续等待，要么现在就放弃。
You can now.
【答案】either take risks to keep on waiting or give up/either take risks to keep waiting or give up/either take risks to continue waiting or give up
【知识点】wait、continue doing sth.、give up、take risks、动词短语、情态动词后加动词原形、either or
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，either…or…“要么……要么……”。take risks to do sth“冒险做某事”；keep (on) doing sth/continue sth.“继续做某事”，wait“等待”；give up“放弃”。情态动词can后动词应用原形。故填either take risks to keep (on)/continue waiting or give up。
新考题、新话题、新热点
一、单项选择
1．I think computers are fantastic. There ________ lots of useful ________ on the Internet.
A．is, informations B．is, information C．are, information D．are, informations
2．The province is the largest pepper (辣椒) producing area in China. Most of China’s pepper __________ there.
A．grows B．is grown C．are grown
3．—The number of tourists ______ over 23 million this year in Ha’er Bin.
—Yes. A large number of tourists ______ so far because of the new look of our city.
A．is, have come B．is, has come C．are, has come D．are, have come
4．—It’s reported that Japan put lots of nuclear (核) waste water into the Pacific Ocean.
—Because of the pollution, now there a number of endangered sea animals.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
5．“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping.
A．are B．is C．were
6．—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years
—Yes! So we must do something to save the earth.
A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be
7．—Which film do you like better, Article 20 or Boonie Bears
—Boonie Bears, of course. It’s rather interesting. _______ I ________ my brother likes it.
A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Either; or
8．Nowadays, ________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about ________ of them are adults.
A．the number of; four fifths B．a number of; four fifth C．a number of; four fifths
9．There _________ a robot dog in the airport to help with the work now.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
10．There __________ great changes in my hometown in the last few years.
A．has had B．have been C．has been
11．The writer and speaker ________ a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now.
A．are giving B．is giving C．will give D．has given
12．________ wealth ________ power is what he needs. He only wants health and happiness.
A．Either; or B．Neither; nor
C．Not only; but also D．Both; and
13．Tianshui Spicy Hot Pot is so delicious that ________ my parents ________ I am crazy about it.
A．both…and B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．either…or
14．Nowadays, ________ of the old people in my hometown ________ used to going for a walk after supper.
A．two thirds; is B．two third; are C．two third; is D．two thirds; are
15．— What ________ the population of China
— About 1,400,000,000.
A．are B．is C．be
16．You can travel or read to make sure that ________ your body ________ spirit is on the way.
A．neither; nor B．both; and C．either; or D．not; but
17．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023.
A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited
18． I am a fan of Liu Qian. _____ his magic ________ his humor attracts me.
A．Both… and B．Either…or C．Neither…nor D．Not only… but also
19．—More and more high-technology products ________ in China.
—Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．are made B．are making C．is made
20．________ Gina ________ Tara is studying Chinese history and culture now. They find them rich and amazing.
A．Both; and B．Not only; but also C．Either; or D．Neither; nor
21．—Traffic in Changsha is not so crowded as it used to be when I came here five years ago.
—Yes. There ________ three subway lines in use so far.
A．is B．have been C．has been D．will be
22．—It is said that ________ people who the car accidents have killed ________ more than three hundred all across China in the past 3 months.
—So everyone should know more about the traffic rules.
A．a number of; is B．the numbers of; are C．numbers of; are D．the number of; is
23．Jim ________ a lot about Chinese eating habits since he came here.
A．learns B．learned C．will learn D．has learned
24．The number of cars _______ fast in our city in the past ten years.
A．increased B．have increased C．has increased
25．China’s hot words, like tuhao, dama, _________ in the western media.
A．use widely B．is widely used
C．are widely used D．uses widely
新考题、新话题、新热点
一、单项选择
1．There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend.
A．is B．will have C．will be
2．There ________ many modern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help people travel easily.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
3．—Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi.
—OK. If my grandma ________ free tomorrow, she will teach us.
A．is B．are C．am D．will be
4．Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.
A．is B．are C．was
5．Thousands of tourists to Changchum Zoological and Botanical Park (长春动植物公园) so far because they want to see the performance of “Xuebinghou”.
A．came B．has come C．comes D．have come
6．—There ________ a new film this weekend.
—Why not ________ your friends to see it
A．is going to be; invite B．is going to have; invite
C．is going to be; to invite D．is going to have; to invite
7．________ my father ________ my mother can play Taiji, so they will learn it this summer.
A．Neither; nor B．Both; and C．Either; or D．Not only; but also
8．The boy with two cats ________ in the yard when the earthquake hit the city.
A．is playing B．are playing C．was playing D．were playing
9．Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A．are B．is C．was
10．One of the most famous ________ in China ________ Beijing.
A．place; is B．places; are C．place; are D．places; is
二、完成句子
11．半决赛后，不仅全红婵还有陈芋汐 (Chen Yuxi) 都成功处于领先地位。
Not only Quan Hongchan after the semi-final.
12．今年，淄博因烧烤而闻名全国，大量游客慕名前往。
Zibo BBQ all over the country this year. A lot of visitors are attracted there.
13．少开车不仅可以缓解交通，还可以帮助减缓全球变暖。（完成译句）
Driving less can not only cut down the traffic, help slow down global warming.
14．巴黎奥运会不仅是史上最环保的体育赛事，而且致力于推进性别平等。
The Paris Olympics are the “greenest” sports event in history, aim to promote fairness between genders.
15．系统有两个闸门。当舱室I中的水上升到和舱室I的同一高度时，闸门将打开，船驶过海峡。
two chambers in the system. The gate will open and the ship will sail across the channel when the water in Chamber I goes up high that in Chamber II.
16．一位著名的宇航员不但将讲述太空知识，而且将分享宇航员的训练。
A famous astronaut will talk about the knowledge of space, share the training of astronauts.
17．熊猫饲养员不仅照顾它的健康，而且还关注它的感受。
The panda keepers looked after it well, cared about its feeling.
18．贵州拥有很多自然景观，以“多彩贵州”而闻名。
lots of natural sights in Guizhou and it’s known as “Colorful Guizhou”.
19．有许多像大数据一样无形的“桥”连接着贵州与世界。
many invisible bridges like Big Data connecting Guizhou and the world.
20．相声中有说学逗唱四种主要艺术手段。
four key skills of xiangsheng—shuo, xue, dou and chang.
21．——那些女士都来自美国吗？
——不，不是每一个都是美国人。
— the women from the USA
—No, not American.
22．她每周使用两次互联网是为了功课而不是为了娱乐。
She twice a week for homework and not for fun.
23．人生就像一匹马，要么你驾驭它，要么它驾驭你。
Life is like a horse, and you ride it it rides you.
24．身体健康和心理健康都很重要。
mind health body health are very important.
25．如今，有很多学生在为实现中国梦努力着。
Nowadays, many students working hard to realize the “China Dream”.
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